5066 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 13 and firmly based upon the Constitution, ization of this character to obtain peace· from which to carry on her cold war and and unless it can be abrogated our great if it were not for Russia. Russia and cause us to expend ourselves until we Republic cannot be taken into this spur her satellites are the only ones indulg are resourceless. That is the doctrine ious world government. ing in aggression, yet Russia is a mem put forward by Karl Marx, and the Rus Ours is the only Government in the ber of the organization which professes sians follow that course not only gladly, world that unqualifiedly exists for the peace, but is actually spreading war. but thoroughly and consistently. people. The people built it. It was done Russia holds a powerful position in the Russia's only hope to overrun the by them. It was done for them. Most United Nations, for the military head of United States is to do it by intrigue and foreign countries have the opposite view. that organization has always been a Rus the spread of communism among our '!'here the people exist for the govern sian citizen, and always will be, for a own people, and through our recognition ment. How in the world can true, loyal secret agreement made in London be of her and her position in the United Americans believe that a Government tween Molotov and Alger Hiss provides Nations this process is going forward, to like ours could mix with governments of that the Russians should hold that oflice the everlasting satisfaction of the So opposite views, and present a mongrel permanently. Russia is recognized by viets. world government that does not believe this country and maintains a cesspool How long it will take the American in our Constitution? of Communists right here in this great people to rise up in their might and de The avowed purpose of the United Na Capital City. She can speak her ism tions was to bring peace to the world. with impunity. She gets all the privi mand our withdrawal from this com It had a great appeal to all classes, be leges of the United Nations, yet her daily munistic enterprise I do not know. But cause in this country the people do not action is absolutely against what the they are becoming more enlightened as want war. But time has revealed the United Nations was avowedly organized the days pass. fact that the United Nations is more for. Our only fear for the security of the concerned with changing the Constitu Under the United Nations and under future is the fear that our own people tion of the United States than it is with the recognition of our Government, Rus will fall victims to this Russian world world peace. We would need no organ- sia has a powerful position of advantage propaganda.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to policy, and it should be implemented in HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the request of the gentleman from West all of its varied forms and ramifications. Virginia? Stand firm, Mr. Dulles, stand firm. T u ESDAY, APRIL 13,1954 There was no objtection. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, recently The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, Mr. Harold Stassen, Director of Foreign THE LATE JOSEPH P. TUMULTY D. D., offered the following prayer: Aid Operations, went to London to con The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes fer on the easing of restrictions on East the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. 0 Thou God of all majesty and mercy, West trade, and the United States sus daily during this Holy Week, we are re HART]. tained a diplomatic defeat. The Brit Mr. HART. Mr. Speaker, on last minded of those events ar-d scenes in the ish-French view obtained, not only to life of our blessed Lord whose sacred sig Thursday morning I was profoundly the extent of encouraging more East shocked and saddened by the receipt of nificance our finite minds cannot com West trade but also in the agreement to prehend. news that Joseph P. Tumulty, who had revise thoroughly the definition of what been confidential secretary to Woodrow Give us the humble spirit and the constitutes strategic goods. contrite heart as we follow, in thought, Wilson as Governor of New Jersey and the King of Kings who, on Palm Sunday, One of the primary conflicts between as President of the United States, was proclaimed His sovereignty and the High Red totalitarian philosophy and eco dead. The leading newspapers of the nomic democracy is the unending con Priest who, on Good Friday, laid upon N~tion and the radio informed readers the altar the acceptable sacrifice of His test to demonstrate the superiority of and listeners of this ·..,ragic event. But own life for the sins of the world. the respective system. Clearly, the eco their accounts dealt almost altogether We penitently confess that we cannot nomic philosophy of Western democracy with the achievements and in:fiuence of fathom the mystery of His sufferings and has proved its superiority; so, with the Mr. Tumulty after his arrival upon the death but may we find in it all the su cold war in full force, with Moscow's national scene. The fullest and most preme revelation of a love that seeks our campaign of hate America unabated, moving of these reports and the best that redemption and will never let us go. with the West pledged to bring the op has come to my attention is that which May the days of this Passion Week portunities of self-determination to David Lawrence wrote in his syndicated evoke within us the faith and hope that captive peoples, what do we do?· We column for April 12, which I s:i1all insert the time is coming when the whole world surrender at one fell swoop the eco in the RECORD immediately after my re shall be lifted by the spirit of the cruci nomic advantages we have won in the marks. Mr. Lawrence, highly talented fied Saviour and risen Lord out of its struggle against communism. observer of public affairs, was well ac tragedies and tribulations, its chaos and Moreover, the press today, Mr. Speak quainted with both Woodrow Wilson and confusion, into the glorious orbit of jus er, brings us the disquieting news that Mr. Tumulty before their advent to tice and righteousness, peace, and good Anthony Eden, British Foreign Minister, Washington. In fact, he had been a stu will. is presently endeavoring to persuade dent of Woodrcw Wilson while in at In His name we offer our prayer. Secretary of State Dulles to refrain from tendance at Princeton University. But, Amen. seeking a unified warning from the West the sad intelligence of Mr. Tumulty's to the Communist bloc against any pos death set me to indulging in recollections, The Journal of the proceedings of sible aggression in Southeast Asia. Mr. recollections of days long, long ago, and yesterday was read and approved. Dulles :flew· to London in an effort to get of fine men associated with them, nearly the Western Powers to present a united all of whom have passed to their reward. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED front on this crucial issue. But I am sad I have been thinking of the Persian poet, to say he h as been met apparently with and of the cruel finger which having Mr. BAILEY asked and was given per the old ostrich-like pre-Munich appease mission to address the House for 30 min writ moves relentlessly on. I have been utes on Wednesday next, following any ment blindness. This kind of weak, in thinking back four decades and more, al special orders heretofore entered. decisive, vacillating policy, Mr. Speaker, most to the turn of the century. After never protects the peace; it only invites a long period of complacency, de war. mocracy was stirring :'..gain. It was com STAND FIRM, MR. DULLES Now, a~ never before, is the time for ing alive to the realization that it was Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani constant vigilance. The administration being throttled by overpowering forces, mous consent to address the House for 1 and the Congress need to be ever alert to that devices conceived by cunning minute and to revise and extend my re new and subtle forms of appeasement. groups of men were frustrating its larg marks. Peace through strength must be our er purposes, anJ that it must bestir it- 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5067 self, if the public welfare were to be tion of those who saw and helped him The column by David Lawrence is as revitalized. _ rise to leadership in a great cause. So follows: The necessity for action was nowhere true that is that although for more than [From the Washington Evening Star of more immediate than in New Jersey. a quarter of a century before disabling April 12, 1954] Antisocial forces directed by unscrupu illness overtook him-his visits to his JoE TuMULTY, WHAT PRICE GLORY?-RIGHT lous corporate power and buttressed by native S.tate were much fewer than HAND MAN OF PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON faithless public officials had brought our either he or its people could wish-they DmD IN VIRTUAL OBSCURITY, BROKEN IN people close to servitude. Due and time still followed his career with pride and . Ml:ND AND SPIRIT ly recognition of this stark fact impelled interest; they quickly filled the halls (By David Lawrence) them to rebel. wherein he all too seldom spoke and This is the tragic and untold story of a Those were thrilling days back in my gave wholesome respect to the senti man who helped make American history in old State. The most imminent need was ments he uttered. its most critical period, who sat next to a President of the United States at the White for leadership. Our people sought wide Woodrow Wilson himself back in those House for 8 years and influenced some of ly and eagerly for men who could and days made frequent public reference to the most significant policies of our Govern would lead them away from bondage the great debt New Jersey owed this man ment before and during World War I, and and place them again upon the firm sure for the high character of his public yet died last week in virtual obscurity, highway of political and economic free service. He won the confidence, yes, broken in mind and spirit. dom. As always in America they did not and the love of that most noble and dis Joseph Patrick Tumulty was secretary to seek in vain. A little band of conse tinguished American of our time, even President Woodrow Wilson and no man since crated men, young in years but strong as he in turn served the Governor and his time has ever held a comparable position of influence. Mr. Tumulty had no corps of of heart, with high ideals and a passion the President with lasting loyalty and administrative assistants such as are supplied · for the commonwealth, came forward burning zeal. nowadays at the White House. He had no to undertake the burden of the fierce Mr. Speaker, in the brief time at my press secretary, for he handled all press tense struggle which ensued. disposal it would be impossible to empty relations himself. He was not a member of To the cunning of selfish, sinister my heart of its sentiments concerning the Cabinet but had more influence than all forces they opposed their unshakable Joe Tumulty. In his memoir of the of them combined. His genius for discern ing the trends of public opinion and his and dauntless courage. To the experi deceased which appeared in last Friday's uncanny faculty of coming up with a mem ence and machinations of the enemy of New York Times, Arthur Krock, his long orandum of policy at '"bpportune moments the State they opposed their unquench time friend, made mention of his bright that fitted the domestic or international sit able ardor in behalf of popular sover spirit, his gay charm, his blithe person uation, as the case may be, would mean, if eignty and equality before the law. To ality. The press generally in its obitu President Eisenhower had such a man today, the blandishments of those who would aries referred to his captivating geniality, the difference between a divided and a united turn them aside from their high pur scintillating wit, and exceptional ability, party. pose they gave a deaf ear. And with and when a biography of Mr. Tumulty Always aware of the progressive and liberal trend of American thinking, Mr. Tumulty eloquence of a high order which moved was published a few years ago, reference successfully influenced Woodrow Wilson to men to action, they carried the fight to to which is made by Mr. Lawrence in his be articulate at all times against reactionary the enemy. column and to which its learned author policies but never to antagonize individual It was "flaming youth'' on the march devoted several years of diligent re conservatives in the Democratic Party whose indeed, but youth flaming with love of search, Henry Steele Commager, one of support was needed in Congress for the legis America. Among this gallant group of America's topflight historians, com lative program. whom I speak was a young man who menting on it said, ''It would be absurd Most important of all, Mr. Tumulty knew when a policy, for example, of peace with came from my own city; he was a young to say that Tumulty needed Wilson. prosperity could be espoused as in the cam lawyer of striking comeliness; like one Wilson merely filled his life. But in a paign of 1916 and he could be outspokenly of the characters in Shakespeare's plays, very real degree Wilson needed Tumulty. belligerent when, as in 1917, Berlin again he wore "Hyperion's curls," but unlike He needed not only his shrewdness, his ordered her submarines to violate American him he did not bear "the front of Jove." political toughness, his belligerent loy rights on the high seas. He was never lack There was nothing imperious in his alty, but he needed also his more per ing at any time in his advice to strike hard countenance. His handsome face com sonal qualities, his humor, his simplicity, at those who wanted to appease imperialist Germany or to cater to the hyphenated plected like the blush of dawn, while his very simplemindness." Americans-those who allowed sympathy for it manifested character, reflected also And now Joe Tumulty, this once pow the countries of their origin to becloud their the kindness and charity that filled his erful and influential force in the affairs vision of what a truly American policy toward valiant heart. of America, yes, and of the world, has Europe should be. Mr. Tumulty took a good Associated with him closely in behalf passed into eternity. His shining char deal of abuse from some of the professional of public decency and justice was acter, his sagacity, his sweet and over Irish-American organizations of those days which was flung at him notwithstanding his another highly talented young lawyer generous nature drew wide acclaim from Irish ancestry and the assistance he had from the same city, Mark A. Sullivan, his contemporaries. Long after he had given· on other occasions to the cause of Sr., happily still active in the practice of left the White House, where he had in Ireland's independence. his profession. These two young advo vested the office of presidential secretary The opposition to the presence of a Catho· cates gradually forged to the forefront with a stature that it had never known lie as private secretary at the elbow of a of this struggle for liberation. Their before and has not even approached President of the United States began when names became household words in our Governor Wilson, as President-elect, was con since, his law offices became the Mecca sidering the continuance of Mr. Tumulty in community; they became its idols, the for people from all over this Nation, of the post which he had occupied at the state men above all men in whom our people high and low degree, of widespread fame house in Trenton. placed its faith and to whom it gave its and humble obscurity alike. And, they Riding alone with Mr. Wilson one morning affection without stint and almost with were equally welcome. For Joe Tumulty early in 1913 on a day coach to Trenton from out limit. And it was largely if not Princeton, this writer, then an Associated mainly through their inspiration that was no snob. A devout man, he recog-_ Press reporter assigned to cover the Presi this fight so bravely begun, was bravely nized all men as his brothers in a spir dent-elect, had an off-the-record conversa continued in the face of tremendous re itual kinship deriving from the gloom tion which ran lik~ this: and the glory of Calvary of which we, "Whom will you pick as private secretary?" sistance, that battles for desirable legis "I am being urged in many letters," Mr. lation were carried forward to victory too, shall be reminded in a special man Wilson !"eplied, "not to appoint a Catholic, against heavy odds until that blessed ner within the next few days. He had but I've made up my mind to ram that ap hour when there came forth from old no spurious ambitions. His career was pointment down the throats of the bigots Nassau the towering historic figure of based upon the twin ideals of loyalty to and pick Tumulty." Woodrow Wilson to take command and his God and service to his country, and Small wonder that Mr. Wilson had at his lead the way to final triumph. This his life was motivated by noble impulses side such a devoted, faithful, hard-working assistan'; who spent every waking hour in young man of whom I speak, as you must that caused countless people in his day devoted work for his chief. have suspected, was Joe Tumulty. He to hold his name in honor and rejoice The anti-Catholic issue arose again after won and held the admiration and a1fec- to call him friend. Mr. Wilson was reelected in November 1916, 5068 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 13 and this time it looked as if the opposition The SPEAKER. Is there objection to will be a long time in the quelling. It will which came from intimate friends in the the request of the gentleman from mean a severe worsening of relations between political world would persuade Mr. Wilson Georgia? the races. It will mean a decided hardship to force the resignation of Mr. Tumulty. The for many, particularly the thousands of Wilson mind was virtually closed. He had There was no objection. faithful and upstanding Negro teachers in written a letter to Mr. Tumulty suggesting Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, the school systems. It will mean social and his resignation. Immediately on learning of the Savannah Morning News, of Savan political upheavals that will adversely af the letter, this writer, at that time Wash nah, Ga., recently carried an editorial fect both races for many years. ington correspondent of the New York Eve regarding remarks of Mr. Jonathan The southern Negro should be the one ning Post, went to the White House and Daniels, editor of the Raleign (N. C.) most apprehensive of any court ruling which spent 45 minutes alone with the President News and Observer, on the subject of seg will eliminate segregation. Under the ex urging him to reconsider and reminding him isting system he has made greater progress of his 1913 stand against religious bigotry regation. than any race in the history of the world. in America. The next day Mr. Wilson deter This editorial in the Savannah Morn He has maintained his racial integrity; he mined to ignore the cabal and welcomed Mr. ing News so aptly presents the situation has found economic, cultural and educa Tumulty for another term as his private that I think it should be widely read and tional opportunities such as no similar race secretary. That was the kind of a liberal studied. I therefore present it herewith ever found before. An end to segregation Woodrow Wilson was before his physical col as a part of my remarks, and recommend would mean an end to much of the prog lapse deprived him of the keen judgment of it to the thoughtful consideration of all ress the Negro has been making, and we human values he had so dramatically ex believe the majority of our Negro leaders hibited in public affairs. those who seek a wise and satisfactory are a ware of this danger. The distinguished service rendered by Mr. solution of the race problem. To Editor Daniels we would recormnend Tumulty to his country is well told by John MR. DANIELS' 0U"I'LOOK ON SEGREGATION that if he cannot approach this momentous Morton Blum, now an assistant professor at Of all the gentlemen we know who are par subject with any more reason or clarity the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ticularly adept at talking out of both sides than he did in his New York address, he in a well-documented biography entitled of their mouths, the most agile is Editor would be wise to stay home and putter "Joe Tumulty and the Wilson Era," pub Jonathan Daniels, of the Raleigh (N. C.) among his flowers-because he does not lished in 1951 by the Houghton Miffiin Co. News and Observer. Editor Daniels, a long speak for the section from which he comes. of Boston. It tells of the inexplicable man time crony of ex-President Harry Truman, is ner in which Mr. Wilson, sick and inac particularly adept at an illogical brand of cessible to old friends, was persuaded, in doubletalk as it relates to established and RESIDENTS OF MULTNOMAH April 1922, to write a•letter to the New York cherished Southern traditions and institu COUNTY, OREG.. WHAT'S YOUR Times repudiating an oral message of greet tions. OPINION? ing which Mr. Tumulty had brought to a In his observations yesterday on a possible testimonial dinner in New York City for Gov. Supreme Court decision outlawing the prac Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask James M. Cox, of Ohio. Mr. Cox, though sup tice of segregation in the South, it would unanimous consent to extend my re porting the Wilson policies 100 percent, was appear that Editor Daniels went to even marks at this point in the RECORD. defeated for the Presidency on the Demo greater length than usual to make conflict cratic ticket in 1920 and was being talked of ing statements. Speaking to a New York The SPEAKER. Is there objection to again for the nomination. Urban League audience he said on the one the request of the gentleman from The message-unimportant in itself and hand that he believed the South would ac Oregon? constituting really no indorsement of any cept such an adverse decision with "good There was no objection. body for the 1924 nomination-was due to a sense and good will" and that Gov. Her Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, from misunderstanding by Mr. Tumulty of an man Talmadge would not call out the State time to time I have asked the residents ambiguous, if not incoherent, expression by militia and that South Carolina Governor of my congressional district, which is Mr. Wilson when he was ill. After the Wil Byrnes would not end public education. Multnomah County, Oreg., to give me son statement, Mr. Tumulty apologized pub A few moments later he listed himself as licly for the error, but he never was per not wanting to see segregation ended, and their views on some of the important mitted to see Mr. Wilson again in the 2 added that he viewed the day an antisegrega problems facing the Nation. I am 3,000 remaining years that the former President tion decision might be handed down "with miles from home, and for the most part lived and was not even invited to ride in the apprehension." He elaborated as follows: "I I do not have the opportunity to return funeral procession until Mr. McAdoo, former know the dangers and distress which may at home except during a recess of the Secretary of the Treasury and son-in-law of tend such a change, particularly in the rural Congress. Mr. Wilson, interceded. areas of the South." These questionnaires do give some This episode, it has long been assumed by Such conflicting statements all in the same cross-section views of the voters in my friends, was the genesis of the nervous address make it quite evident that Editor breakdown that struck Mr. Tumulty in later Daniels knows precious little of the subject district. I am sending out the following years. He never really recovered from the on which he spoke. Certainly he is not well questionnaire: shock of being cast off after his years of acquainted with the characters of Governors RESIDENTS OF MULTNOMAH COUNTY, OREG., faithful service. He lived the last decade in Talmadge and Byrnes or of the steps that WHAT'S YOUR OPINION? solitary seclusion. He never consented to have already been taken to implement their From time to time I have asked the resi see any friends of the past and did not even respective plans for coping with a possible dents of my congressional district, Mult see all the members of his large family. He antisegregation decision. Both of these nomah County, to give me your views on read the newspapers daily and discussed southern governors are men of will and de some of the important issues that are facing public affairs intelligently with his eldest termination, and we can set it down right the Nation. Not being able to see you per son but he seemed to have departed to some now that they have every determination to sonally this will give me some firsthand in other world and never came back, despite the do what they have said they are going to do, formation as to your views on these issues. I efforts of the best psychiatrists in America whether Editor Daniels or his northern will appreciate it if you will check your to fathom the mystery of his shattered mind. friends like it or not. answers and return them to me as promptly Last week marked the end of the life of as Neither, we think, does the North Carolina as possible at 1314 House Office Building, unselfish a public servant as Washington has editor show a~y deep or incisive knowledge Washington 25, D. C. It is not necessary to known in a half century. What price glory? of the characters of his own southern people sign your name unless you desire to do so but of both races. The majority of them do I hope you will mark your answers and re Mr. HART. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan not want an end to segregation and they turn. imous consent to revise and extend my prefer not to have it. 1. Should Communists and subversives be remarks and include extraneous matter. The enforced end of segregation will mean kept from Government employ? Yes 0 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to trouble in the South, and there is no point No 0 in being secretive or Pollyannish about it. 2. Do you favor continuation of Senator the request of the gentleman from New The great bulk of our people are opposed McCARTHY's investigations of communism? Jersey? to it, and view with definite distaste the Yes 0 No 0 There was no objection. breaking down overnight of the barriers 3. Should Government spending be dras which time and custom have built. To tically curtailed in order to balance the speak of ending segregation as a long-time budget? Yes D No D project is one thing; to speak of it as an 4. Should taxes be reduced? Yes D NoD MR. DANIELS' OUTLOOK ON overnight measure 1s quite an6ther. Most 5. Do you favor continued spending over SEGREGATION of us in the South know this, 1f Editor seas for: (a) military aid? Yes D No D Daniels does not. Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Spea~er, (b) economic aid? Yes 0 No 0 Ending segregation won't mean another 6. Do you favor developing Hells Canyon I ask unanimous consent to address the War Between the States nor do we think (check one) : (a) High dam constructed by House for 1 minute, to revise and extend it will mean race riots or violent major the Federal Government? 0 (b) Series of my remarks and include an editorial. disturbances. But it will mean trouble that low-head dains constructed by private enter- 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5069 prise? 0 (c) Let Federal Power Commis Clarence Manion; the eminent consti experiences have molded us into one peo sion decide, on basis of engineering facts? 0 tutional lawyer, truly said, in his book, ple of similar qualities of character, it 7. Do you favor using all Federal gasoline Lessons in Liberty: is essential that we reevaluate our his taxes for highway construction? Yes 0 toric background. NoD When we reenforce America's faith in 8. Do you favor Government aid in slum God and buttress American confidence in We do not detract from the just re clearance? Yes 0 No 0 the personality and immortality of the indi nown of those already imperishably es 9. Do you favor statehood for Alaska? vidual human soul, we solidify the founda tablished in our affection when we pierce Yes 0 No 0 tions of our constitutional freedom and un the walls of silence to bring forth the 10. Do you favor statehood for Hawaii? veil the one and only justification for the forgotten great meri and women of our Yes 0 No 0 mqst unusual political system on the face of the earth. history. We add to the wealth of our 11. Do you favor United States participa national heritage by rescuing from the tion in the St. Lawrence seaway? Yes 0 Recently the honorable -gentleman imprisonment of obscurity the inspira No 0 12. Should the reciprocal trade agreement from Ohio, Mr. OLIVER P. BoLTON, made tion of other heroes of loftiest stature. be extended? Yes 0 No 0 a splendid statement in support of this HANSON AS PRESIDENT proposed addition to the pledge of alle 13. Do you favor the Bricker amendment? John Hanson was the first President Yes 0 No 0 giance, citing with telling effect the 14. Do you favor resumption of trade with convictions of Presidents from George of the United States in Congress assem Communist countries? Yes 0 No 0 Washington to Dwight D. Eisenhower. bled. He was the recognized and pro 15. Do you favor sending American troops As a Democrat and a Catholic, I am claimed head of our Government when overseas for combat service? Yes 0 No 0 happy and eager to join with the hon Cornwallis surrendered his sword to 16. Do you favor the Benson farm support Washington at Yorktown. His official program? Yes 0 No 0 orable gentleman, and with others of various political beliefs and religious designation was "President of the United 17. Do you favor distribution of surplus States in Congress assembled." Government foods for school lunches and to faiths, in urging that the two words, needy American citizens on relief? Yes 0 "under God," necessary to complete the Abraham Lincoln, in his inaugural ad No 0 pledge of allegiance in its full meaning, dress of March 4, 1861, said: 18. Do you favor development of hydro be inserted at the appropriate point. The Union is much older than the Consti electric power by the Federal Government? Let us all join in this effort, in the spirit tution. Yes 0 No 0 19. Do you favor extension of social secu of the words attributed to George Wash The date of the adoption of the Ar rity to cover all citizens? Yes 0 No 0 ington with reference to the work to be ticles of Confederation on March 1, 1781, 20. Do you believe President Eisenhower is done by the Constitutional Convention: fixes the date of the real beginning of doing a good job? Yes 0 No 0 Let us raise a standard to which the wise the United States as a perpetual nation. Mall your answers to Congr~essman HoMER and just can repair. The event is in the The first election of a President, after D. ANGELL, 1314 House Office Building, Wash hand of God. the ratification of the Articles of Con ington 25, I?· C. federation, was on November 5, 1781. Delegates from all the 13 States partici SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED pated. John Hanson was then chosen THE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE TO Mr. STAGGERS asked and was given as "President of the United States in THE FLAG permission to address the House today Congress assembled." On November 30, Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I ask for 5 minutes, following any special or 1781, 25 days after this first historic elec unanimous consent to extend my re- ders heretofore entered. tion of a Chief Executive of the United marks at this point in the RECORD. States, General Washington wrote to John Hanson a letter in which he stated: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from New JOHN HANSON I congratulate Your Excellency on your ap pointment to fill the most important seat in Jersey? The SPEAKER. Under previous order the United States. There was no objection. of the House, the gentleman from Tili PRECEDENCE OF ALL Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, "In the nois [Mr. O'HARA] is recognized for 60 This was recognition by George Wash name of God, amen." These, the open minutes. in.g words of the Mayflower compact, ington of the relative ranking of the Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, various Government officials as deter seem to me a most appropriate invoca this is the natal anniversary of Thomas tion to use in prefacing an appeal for mined by a committee of the Congress. Jefferson and of John Hanson. I think This committee ruled that "the Presi support of the movement to add the it not inappropriate that today I, a Jef words "under God" to the Pledge of Alle dent"-that was John Hanson-"takes fersonian Democrat, should talk about precedence of all and every person in the giance to the Flag of the United States. John Hanson. This is a thoroughly American move United States." When at long last the statue of John There is substance therefore to the ment, enlisting the enthusiastic support Hanson was placed in the Capitol here of Republicans and Democrats, Chris claim that John Hanson was the first in the home of the Congress of the President of the United States dating tians and Jews. It is in the tradition of United States, as one of the two im the Virginia bill of rights, which defined from the time when the United States mortal sons of Maryland, Senator Dol became a perpetual Union, certainly con. religion as "the duty which we owe to liver, of Iowa, said: our Creator, and the manner of dis sistent with the position taken by Abra This is a tardy act of justice to a man ham Lincoln in the period of the great charging it," and of the Declaration of whose eminence in the public service bas Independence, which, though a brief been almost lost in the waste of time. and historical dispute between the North document, refers to God no fewer than and the South. 220 four times. The pledge of allegiance John Hanson had been dead years, FIRST WHITE HOUSE should be proclaimed in the spirit with his memory buried in the caverns of his His wife, Jane Contee Hanson, was which the signers of the Declaration tory, when the story of his service and recognized as the First Lady of the Land, closed that mighty document, "with a his greatness broke from a conspiracy and a building, still standing in Philadel firm reliance on the protection of divine of silence to add illumination and in phia, was furnished by the Congress for providence, we mutually pledge to each spiration to the American heritage. the occupancy ·of John Hanson while other our lives, our fortunes, and our PRICELESS HERITAGE serving as President. sacred honor:• This recognition of God That heritage is something priceless The Congress provided for the upkeep as the Creator of mankind, and the ulti because it cannot be reproduced. It is of the President's Mansion in much the mate source both of the rights of man the product of many people from many same manner as provision now is made and of the powers of government, is lands. No individual, no group of indi for the maintenance of the White House. common to all the constitutions of the viduals, no race nor nationality nor any I am quoting some of the provisions: Thirteen Original States. It is, in brief, other part of a divided whole was the That all sums of money necessary for the the basis of the political philosophy on parent of its creation. expenses of the House be drawn by the Pres which the Federal Government and all Today when our country is faced with ident and paid to the steward; that the stew the State governments were built and the challenge of world responsibility, ard keep a regular account of all receipts and continue to operate. and intermarriage and a commonality of disbursements and of furniture and utensils 5070 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- I-lOUSE Apr il 13 broken, lost, and purchased and delivered, From his Excellency, Erik Boheman, scribed as a man of unusual wealth for to the secretary of the President on the first Ambassador of Sweden to the United the time. d ay of every month a fair copy thereof. States, I received a letter in which he He was a justice of the peace, later WASHINGTON AND HANSON stated that a monument to these judge of the western circuit, and at 43 George Washington, who was a long Swedish-Americans would most aptly was a member of the provincial court. time friend of John Hanson, and who in serve as a reminder of the close ties At 50 he served on the Governor's coun 1781, as I have mentioned, recognized between the United States and Sweden. cil, hoping for reconciliation with Eng Hanson as the Head of State, was the The Ambassador added: land; but when the war clouds deepened first President of the United States under I know that His Majesty, the King of he took his place as president of the our present Constitution. George Wash Sweden, wh ose well-known historical inter Council of Safety and later as Delegate ington, to the end of time, will stand as ests embrace also the past of Swedish to the Second Continental Congress. the great figure in American history. His America, will deeply apprecia te this gest ure. His friendship with Washington was stature, looming far above the clouds, The letter from which I am quoting close. Although he was a general fa forever symbolic of the highest virtues of may be found in the CONGRESSIONAL REC vorite, he spoke only three times in the freedom-loving men, will grow larger and ORD, volume 99, part 6, page 7574. In Constitutional Convention. In 1790, 3 larger as the centuries roll on in the end the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Volume 99, years after the Convention, he died, in less march of time. Recognition of John part 5, pages 6226-6229, will be found a his 67th year. Hanson as the first President of the series of biographical sketches of John BOOKS ON JOHN HANSON United States in Congress assembled, Hanson, John Morton, and John Erics Mr. Speaker, time will not permit me actually the first President of our coun son, written by Mr. Lundquist. to tell of the life and works of John Han try after the formation of a permanent I take advantage of this opportunity son as they should be told. He was in Union, is no diminution of the fame and to suggest that my colleagues, if they every sense a great man. Perhaps no the glory that belongs in unequaled have not already done so, now read the man in the critical period of the for m easure to George Washington. letter of the Ambassador of Sweden and mation of the Union was more entitled DESCENDED FROM ROYALTY the articles of Mr. Lundquist. I know to the credit for bringing divergent John Hanson was of Swedish blood. of no better way to honor the memory minds into unison and thus assuring suc He was descended from a maternal an of John Hanson than every Member now cess in the launching of a new state of cestor who was the granddaughter of present leaving this observance of his destiny. Gustavus Vasa of Swedish royalty. It 239th birthday with a determination to I can suggest only that all my col· is said, in a book by J. Bruce Kremer, get behind H. R. 5607 and bend to its leagues and the American people gener that the Vasa line surpasses almost any enactment before our adjournment. ally will find profit and inspiration by heritage in Scandinavian history. AMONG MAKERS OF CONSTITUTION reading up on the man who was the Mr. Speaker, I wish to pause here to first President of the United States in comment on the contribution that men John Morton, the grandson of a Congress assembled and whose 239th and women of Swedish blood and an Swedish immigrant, was a signer of the birthday we are observing today here in cestry have made in the building of our Declaration of Independence. Daniel of the Congress of the United States as United States of America. I have spoken St. Thomas Jenifer, whose mother was sembled, 173 years after the Congress on other occasions on the floor of the of the Swedish blood of the John Hanson of John Hanson's Presidency. Among Congress and on every other place ac line, was one of the 39 members of the the books that I suggest are the follow· corded me by gracious opportunity on Constitutional Convention who signed ing, which is inclusive of the bibliogra the large contributions made by the sons the Constitution of the United States. phy in J. Bruce Kremer's volume: and daughters who came from other My colleagues may find interesting an Acrelius, Israel, A History of New lands to join in the thrilling adventure excerpt from Who Made the Constitu Sweden; Philadelphia, 1874. of an American melting pot from which tion? a book published in 1932 and in the Andrews, Charles McLean, The Fa• has come a people forever dedicated to writing of which I collaborated with Miss thers of New England; New Haven, 1919. the mission of holding high the torch Marie Crowe, author of works on Ameri Andrews, Matthew Page, The Found· of freedom. Today, on the anniversary can history, and now my administrative ing of Maryland; New York, 1933. of the birth of John Hanson, I join with assistant. The interest, of course, on Archives of Maryland, Maryland His• my colleagues in paying tribute to our · this birthday anniversary occasion will torical Society; Baltimore, 1883-1919. countrymen and countrywomen in whose stem from the fact that Daniel of St. Bancroft, George, History of the veins course the blood of Sweden. Thomas Jenifer was of the Hanson blood and that he was among the immortals United States of America; New York, MONUMENT TO THREE JOHNS 1891. who gave us our Constitution. The ex In the office of the corporation coun cerpt follows: Campanius Holm, Tomas, Description sel of the city of Chicago I was affection of the Province of New Sweden; Stock· Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, Maryland: holm, 1702. ately associated with a great Swedish Perennial bachelor; rich; mother, Swedish; American, Carl Hjalmar Lundquist. He judge, close friendship with Washington. Clay, Jehu Curtis, Annals of the was born in Sweden, came to the United Mr. Jenifer is a gentleman of fortune in Swedes on the Delaware; Chicago, 1938. States with his parents when 3 years Maryland; he is always in good humor, and Documents, compiled from manu old, and later returned to Sweden tore never fails to make his company pleased with scrips at Albany, and in the Royal Ar· ceive his bachelor's degree at one of the him. He sits silent in the Senate, and seems chives at Stockholm; Albany, 1877. great Swedish universities. He is a dis to be conscious that he is no politician. Dodge, Theodore Ayrault, Gustavus From his long continuance in single life, no Adolphus; Boston, 1895. tinguished lawyer, a profound scholar, doubt but he has made the vow of celibacy. and both a writer and an orator of re He speaks warmly of the ladies notwith Earle, Swepson, The Chesapeake Bay nown. In recognition of the contribu standing. Mr. Jenifer is about 55 years of Country. tion of Sweden, his native land, to the age, and once served as an aide-de-camp to Ferris, Benjamin, A History of the United States of America, his adopted Major General Lee. (Maj. Wllliam Pierce, Original Settlements on the Delaware: land, he conceived the idea of a statue, Georgia, a fellow delegate.) Wilmington, 1846. or a memorial of some character, to three Delegate Jenifer was the perennial Glenn, Thomas Allen, Some Colonial Johns, who were among the immortals bachelor of the Convention. Major Mansions and Those Who Lived in of American history-John Hanson, Pierce has given him that place in his Them; Philadelphia, 1900. John Morton, and John Ericsson, all of tory. He was jolly and always com Hanson, George Adolphus, Old Kent Swedish blood. panionable. Good nature must have The Eastern Shore of Maryland; Balti H . R. 5607 kept him looking young for Pierce re more, 1876. Inspired by the thought as Carl Lund marks that he was about 55, underesti Hart, Albert Bushness, Swedish Amer quist with such feeling presented it to mating his years by 9, for he was born icanism; Philadelphia, 1929. me, I introduced in the first session of in Maryland in 1723. Jenifer deserves Johnson, Amandus, The Swedes in this Congress a bill EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Justin Miller: Eminent Jurist, Great In my book, there is no success that is Now, please listen carefully and see if you greater than a successful family life. remember the man, the time, and the place Broadcaster, and Outstanding Citizen Naturally, Californians are interested for the following words which helped write · history for all of us: that their State can and has produced "Perhaps a few of us are tempted to EXTENSION OF REMARKS such a man. squirm guiltily, and admit every charge OF When Judge Miller was asked to be which the cynics, the satirists, and the rival come the head of the broadcasters of the media gaily toss our way, rather than stand HON. LEROY JOHNSON National Association of Radio and Tele up and toss them back again. OF CALIFORNIA vision Broadcasters, he started upon a "Where the lawyers, journalists, or physi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cians would rise in angered protest and new career. Like every other opportu swarm down upon an overreaching Govern Tuesday, April13, 1954 nity that was presented to him during ment agency, we are inclined to acquiesce. his varied experience in the law, he Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. After all-to a considerable extent--we are proved to be equally successful as a still a heterogeneous aggregation of indi Speaker, under leave to extend my re broadcaster. viduals, while other professional groups en marks, I include a very interesting I wish that our boys growing into joy the confidence and stability which come speech made by Arthur B. Church, pres manhood could read the life of Justin from centuries of tradition and cooperative ident of stations KMBC-AM-TV Miller. It would furnish inspiration to action. Kansas City, Mo., upon the retirement "But all this makes it even more impor· many a struggling young student who is tant that we come of age professionally. of Justin Miller as chairman of the trying to train himself for his chosen board and general counsel of the Na By thinking and acting as professional peo vocation. Not only is he a professional ple do, we come sooner to the maturity tional Association of Radio and Tele man in three separate vocations, that of which must be achieved. It is not neces vision Broadcasters on Mar..:h 31, 1954, the law, teacher and broadcaster, but sary to wait for centuries to pass in order in the grand ballroom of the Mayflower also as a personality. He is outstand to obtain such professional consciousness Hotel in Washington, C. D. ing. He is a true Christian gentleman. and capacity. It was not necessary to wait Justin Miller's record is a typical centuries for the scientific development and American success story. He was born At the testimonial dinner, Arthur B. exploitation of the basic discoveries which in the quaint Crescent City, Calif., Church, the president of ::.tations made broadcasting possible. There are plenty where he began his schooling. He later KMBC-AM-TV-Kansas City, Mo., de of broadcasters who are, as individuals, went to Stanford University, receiving a livered a very interesting speech in which professionally mature, and capable of ex he eulogized and analyzed the character panding the professional side of our devel bachelor of arts degree in 1911, and a opment, just as quickly and convincingly as doctor of jurisprudence degree in 1914. and accomplishments of Judge Justin Miller. was done by the physical scientists. It is He taught in various colleges, worked in time to act. We have deliberated long a large law office in San Francisco, and I enclose this very interesting address, enough. If the draft of standards which practiced law in the small city of Han and I hope that every Member of the is submitted to you is not a fairly balanced ford, Calif., as well as in Fresno and San Congress may read it, as it throws in product, let us put it quickly into shape Francisco. He served as district attorney teresting light upon a man who has had and into operation. I have full faith and of King's County. Later he became a a remarkable and interesting career. It confidence that you will do so." illustrates what the freedom and 0ppor To my mind, those words point· to what special assistant to the Attorney Gen might be termed a self-portrait of the man eral of the United States. He had many tunity which the American system offers we honor this evening. Broadcaster Justin varied experiences, which need not be to its people is capable of producing. Miller left a lifetime position as a judge of enumerated here. He became a member The address follows: the United States Court of Appeals for the of the United States Court of Appeals, A pioneer broadcaster from the South District of Columbia Circuit after having Washington, D. C., in 1937, and made a west, en route to tonight's occasion, was served there 8 years as an associate justice, great record as a member of that court. heard to say to his train seat mate: "How to take up a new challenge in a vital and growing profession. He resigned to accept the position of foolish can we get? Here we are, letting ourselves be jostled across a great distance Let us try to imagine, if we can, this great president of · the National Broadcasters just to buy a swell guy a dinner-and prob man's mental conflict while trying to reach in 1945. ably he won't even be hungry." a decision on such a dramatic and complete I am one of those who believes that I, too, flew here from Kansas City espe change in the manner of his living. The one of the marks of a real successful cially to honor this swell guy-as our old situation is one of the most dramatic of any man is one who has had a happy. har friend, the hired hand, aptly spoke of the of which I have personal knowledge. You monious and productive family life. In man we have come to honor. And I must wonder what I mean when I use the term other words, the most important con admit that I, too, haven't been nearly as "of which I have personal knowledge"? It hungry tonight as on many other nights over happened that Judge Miller met with our tract which a man makes is the one industry committee in my office in Kansas which "for better or for worse" unites the years when I was banqueting with my broadcaster friends. City. I did not meet Judge Miller then- him with the lady who has consented Harold Hough and Arthur Church are only 1 was at my cabin in the mountains of to be his life's companion. Judge and two of many pioneers and hundreds of other Colorado. I hadn't even then met Judge Miller, but I knew what was transpiring. Mrs. Miller are an ideal couple. They broadcasters who came here tonight because have had a very happy married life. they wouldn't miss this very special occa My imagination pictured a scholarly man Each has had a career which is out meeting with a group of practical broad sion, an opportunity to honor this swell casters, the committee chosen by our in standing. Mrs. Miller is an author in guy-our great industry leader for nearly a dustry board to find a man of sufficient her own right, and has produced some decade--whose integrity, whose accomplish stature to properly and effectively lead very excellent books. Their children ments for us, with us, we desire to acknowl American broadcasters at a time when our had the privilege and the pleasure of edge together on the eve of his retirement problems had become numerous and highly being the offspring of a model couple. as active chairman of the NARTB. complex. 5076 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE April 13 Judge Miller must have experienced as refiected, I belie'Ve, -in som~ of the titles of We salute him here tonight, as friend, great an admixture of feelings as any man various addresses he made during his tenure counselor, executive--and champion of a can experience in this life as he met with of office and published by the association. new profession. the industry committee, and later, when You recall them: Textbooks and TV; The Judge Miller, you are "our kind of a guy." alone in the quiet of night he pondered his Profession of Radio Farm Broadcasting; Ra• own immediate destiny and the destiny of dio Broadcasting-a Profession; Municipal all people in our Nation whose lives are so ities and Radio Broadcasting; Attacks on constantly and so vitally affected by this Freedom of Communication; Broadcasting great communications medium we know as and Better Business; and Benjamin Franklin The Current Inquiry Into FHA Insured broadcasting. and Radio Broadcasting. Again let your imagination soar with mine Benjamin Franklin has been one of my Loan Practices for a minute. Think of this man lying in great heroes. It seems to me especially ap his bed, after that meeting, peering into propriate to further illustrate the temper the night; then getting up and pacing the of Justin Miller's leadership by quoting EXTENSION OF REMARKS hotel room fioor as he must have done. A briefly from that latter address made No OP scholar who had reached maturity in the vember 1, 1946, at Franklin and Marshall practice of law, in teaching the law, and College, on the occasion that Judge Miller HON. PAUL F. SCHENCK in serving his fellow man as a distinguished was awarded an honorary degree of doctor OF OHIO jurist. Yes, a philosopher as well as a of laws. I like very much what I now quote scholar, a citizen of full social conscious from that address: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ness, a man whose comprehension and vision "Radio broadcasting is only a quarter cen Tuesday, April13, 1954 were so fully developed that he could fore tury old, but it has become already a great see the terrible task that would be his if American institution. It permeates every Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Speaker, almost he accepted this new responsibility. - phase of our daily lives. It affects the closest 2 years ago to the day-on May 13, 1952- Shortly after our industry committee's relationships of our national life. It will I stood on the floor of this House to warn meeting with Judge Miller, 1 was very in become increasingly _an agency to be con against possible abuses of Federal hous terested to learn of their quick and unani jured with in international affairs. Those who control this great institution and those ing laws. Today, there appear in the mous decision in finding the right man to morning papers articles revealing the lead the National Association of Broadcast who are affected by it must be dispassion ers as its president. Later I had the pleasure ately objective concerning its operation. We scandals in the Federal Housing Admin must be tolerant of many points of view, of of meeting him and talking with him. Dur istration. Federal Housing Administra other people and of other nations; so many tor Albert Cole told of how many build· ing our conversation I sensed that this different people, with different opinions to learned man reflected no regret in having ers using sharp practices in getting Gov deal with." ernment guaranteed loans have made left the profession in which he had reached And he went on, speaking of radio broad full maturity and had attained such a dis casting in the manner he imagined Benja more than $75 million by so-called mort tinguished position. Rather, he exuded min Franklin might have addressed the gaging out. It is a relatively simple youthful enthusiasm in facing up to the august group to whom he was speaking: scheme, but yet one which has been used challenge of leading the Nation's broadcast "It astonishes me, sir, to find radio broad very profitably ·by fly-by-night builders ers toward solutions of their many serious casting approaching so near to perfection as at the expense of the legitimate building problems. it does. May it always be a blessing to our industry. "Mortgaging out" is the proc Most of us well remember some of the people; a means of preserving that which our ess of obtaining a Government approved more pressing problems President Miller en forefathers wrought for us. May it please loan far in excess of the actual cost of countered when he came to the association God, that the American system of broadcast building. Administrator Cole pointed as president on October 1, 1945. How many ing shall help, long, to prevent the despotism out that in one deal a builder obtained men could have stood up for the industry which comes only when people become so an $8 million loan for a housing project as he did during those trying first months corrupted as to need despotic government." which cost only about $4 million and and years in his tenure of office? How well Now I wish to remark on one of the then pocketed the other $4 million as an we remember The Blue Book-the fears we greatest demonstrations of teamwork which immediate profit. If that loan is de broadcasters had as we came to understand I have ever witnessed. Of course, I am faulted, the taxpayers are going to have the implications of that.-is popular the thinking of President Harold Fellows and right adjective?-document. to foot the bill. Chairman Justin Miller. Again the element As I said, I warned against this prac The head of a famous music union was of timing and its importance are evidenced. again fiexing his muscles and making un These two great men associated with them tice in a speech from the floor of the usual and painful demands upon the indus other hard-working, exceptionally loyal and House. I then had specific projects in try that had done so much to support musi capable men. Yes, over the years, our as mind, namely, the building of two 1,000· cians. Legislation was introduced which, if sociation headquarters has been in good unit housing projects at Wright Patter enact ed into law, would have placed onerous hands. son Air Force Base, where it appeared controls on the broadcasting industry: In 1949, district 14 of the National Associa the builders were attempting to "mort Then-to complicate to a maximum the al tion of Broadcasters presented to Judge gage out." These projects now have been ready overwhelming problems of a young but Miller a gold wrist watch, which I believe completed. I now call on Housing Ad great industry--commercial television came you will find he still wears. On its back was ministrator Cole to include those same aborning. inscribed: "To Justin Miller, president, NAB, projects in his investigation. It is time If President Justin Miller was dismayed from a grateful district 14." for a final accounting. It is time to see with this welter of acute problems and with Later, in making the presentation, Hugh just exactly how the certificates for these the coincident differences among members Terry, KLZ, Denver-then district 14 direc projects were approved. of the industry, the acrimonies that devel .. tor--said to Judge Miller that the district Mr. Cole, a former Member of the oped, the resulting criticism, claims and first considered the inscription "Our kind of House, and also a then member of the counterclaims--our great leader did not show a guy," but it seems Hugh and his com Banking and Currency Committee, which dismay. Rather, into this vineyard of con patriots decided that perhaps the judge was considers housing legislation, is to be fusion which personified the industry of that a bit too distinguished and too austere to hour, Judge Miller walked with a calm and congratulated for cleaning up the ap address in such casual terms. The judge parent mess in the housing administra almost benign manner, bringing to those himself responded to Hugh that as much as whom he led a renewed sense of dignity, of he appreciated the gift itself and the senti tion. He is to be doubly congratulated citizenship, and of professional status. ment behind it, he would have been even for bringing facts to the full light of day As you have heard from Judge Laws, he happier had the inscription read, "Our kind for the public to see and in not trying was peculiarly gifted by character, by train of a guy." to hide or whitewash the scandals. I ing, and by background to bring to the Justin Miller has walked with honor and am confident that Mr. Cole and Attorney broadcasters of that day what the broad integrity among the broadcasters; he has General Brownell will take all civil and casters o! that day needed most: firm, coura served them with justice and. in good faith; criminal actions necessary to clean up geous leadership devoted to unbending prin he has exemplified the kind o! leadership to the mess. ciple. which all o! us shoUld aspire; he has cast a Mr. Cole's description of the scandals The character o! Justin Miller's admlnls• long shadow o! 1nfiuence on a great and in the Housing Administration has made tration, first as president and later as chair growing industry. He has our gratitude, my long fight against the practice of man of the board and general counsel, ia our affection, and our good wishes. "mortgaging out" all the more valid. 1954 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5077 Such civil and criminal action as is has no respect for truth and veracity. agricultural research program in the appropriate must be taken. I would like These filthy lies make one wonder how State of North Carolina. to point out also that there might well much of the rest of the book is truth We have numerous experiment -sta be a question of perjury involved if mis and how much is unreliable fiction. tions engaged in various types of essen statements have been made on applica Mr. Speaker, I am proud iio say that tial agricultural research, all dealing tions for certificates for loans in cases both Detroit and Hamtramck, Mich., with vital problems of agriculture. Six where "mortgaging out" is involved. It have enviable records in the State and teen branch experiment stations are lo is there that unscrupulous builders might country for respectability, cleanliness, cated in strategic parts of our great be trapped, just as we sometimes use and for abiding by the laws of the State. In some of these stations, exten the perjury statutes to drive known country. sive study is made of a single commod Communists out of Government and into The city of Hamtramck, particularly, ity, such as tobacco, peanuts, peaches, the penitentiary. has had a number of national awards apples, and so forth, while others deal For years, through the Democratic for cleanliness. It has one of the best with a combination of commodities, such administrations of President Roosevelt ratios of homeowners in the country. as small grains, field .crops, cotton, dairy and Truman, Federal offi.cials have kept The record of relatively small occurrence cattle, and beef cattle, and forage crops, their eyes closed to the practices of of crime in both cities compares very which are the principal commodities "mortgaging out" despite repeated warn favorably with other similar municipali studied in one station, while a combina ings from this Congressman and many ties. Our Michigan liquor laws are some tion of vegetables, bulbs, flowers, and of my colleagues. It took a former Con of the most stringent in the country and small fruits are studied at another. Still gressman, concerned over this practice, are scrupulously observed by both cities. another station combines the study of to finally bring the true facts to light. I am happy to make this clear on the beef cattle, sheep, burley tobacco, and Again, I plead that the investigation record in order to correct any confused forage crops. be made as thorough as possible. Excess ideas which an unsuspecting person Federal grant appropriations to the profits should be reclaimed through civil might get upon reading this tripe which State experiment stations are, I under• suits. If the laws of perjury or other is passed for literature. stand, apportioned by a formula which criminal statutes are involved, then those takes into account rural-and farm popu who broke the laws should be prosecuted lation. For each additional $1 million in the criminal courts to the fullest ex appropriated as a grant to the States for tent possible. Department of Agriculture Appropriation agricultural research, my own State of Bill, 1955 North Carolina would receive $31,120 di rectly for use on projects selected by the experiment station. In addition, the A Defense of the Good Name of a Fine EXTENSION OF REMARKS State would participate actively in the Community OP regional research program, undertaking HON. HAROLD D. COOLEY a reasonable share of responsibility for EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF NORTH CAR OLINA projects of regional significance selected OP jointly by the experiment stations of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES southern region and financed in part by HON. THADDEUS M. MACHROWICZ Tuesday, April13, 1954 the 25 percent grant, which I understand OF MICHIGAN Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, I hope is reserved to support regional research IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES very much that when the final vote is projects. While the offi.cials in charge of the pro Tuesday, April13, 1954 taken tomorrow on the amendment now pending, which would provide for an gram in North Carolina have always at Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, it increase in the appropriation of agricul tempted to allocate the available funds has for some time now become the cus tural research, that the amendment will to insure maximum return in service to tom of second-rate writers, who have be adopted and approved. This amend all the major segments of the State's little ability or originality, to depend' ment is compatible with the views of the agriculture, they are of the opinion that upon sensationalism, slander, and libel President, the Secretary of Agriculture, at present the following fields are those to help them sell their books to the guile farm leaders, and farmers throughout which need additional strengthening, less public. Knowing that our laws pre the Nation. It is also supported by through the medium of additional funds, vent libel and slander of living persons, those who are responsible for conduct~ in the immediate future: they have resorted to attacks, sometimes ing the much-needed research and dem First. Mechanization and improve upon deceased persons and sometimes onstrations on both the production and ment in the labor effi.ciency in produc upon municipalities or communities, utilization of agricultural . commodities tion, harvesting and curing tobacco. knowing that they can thus evade pun and all related research and services. · Second. Animal diseases and para ishment under the law. Washington and Those in charge of the program in the sites. other large cities of this country have State of North Carolina have done and Third. Marketing of farm products, had experiences with this type of books are doing a magnificent and very worth with special emphasis on dairy products, only recently. It is unfortunate that while job, and, as I have heretofore livestock, poultry, and grain. there is no effective law under which the pointed out, North Carolina has more Fourth. Supplemental irrigation. publication and circulation of this kind than matched all Federal appropriations Fifth. Home economics. of book can be stopped. for agricultural research and education Sixth. Soil microbiology. Mr. Speaker, I call this to your atten and is now anxious to embark on an ex Seventh. Ornamental horticulture. tion because of the recent publication of panding program. - Eighth. Forage crops production and a book regarding the execution of an The fact that some States are not preservation. American private for alleged cowardice ready, able, and willing to go forward Ninth. Additional support and im during World War II. I shall make no with an expanded program certainly provement in field facilities for projects further reference to the title or author should not prevent an expansion of the in such fields as chemical weed control, in order not to give him any undeserved programs in the States which are now crop stands, poultry diseases, nematode publicity, which is what he obviously well prepared an