Gravitational Wave Science with LIGO and Virgo
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Physical and Chemical Sciences 2010-2015 Utrecht University
RESEARCH REVIEW PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2010-2015 UTRECHT UNIVERSITY Quality Assurance Netherlands Universities (QANU) Catharijnesingel 56 PO Box 8035 3503 RA Utrecht The Netherlands Phone: +31 (0) 30 230 3100 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.qanu.nl Project number: 0630 © 2017 QANU Text and numerical material from this publication may be reproduced in print, by photocopying or by any other means with the permission of QANU if the source is mentioned. 2 QANU / Research Review Physical and Chemical Sciences, Utrecht University REPORT ON THE RESEARCH REVIEW OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES OF UTRECHT UNIVERSITY CONTENT 1. Foreword committee chair 5 2. The review committee and the procedures 7 2.1 Scope of the review 7 2.2 Composition of the committee 7 2.3 Independence 7 2.4 Data provided to the committee 7 2.5 Procedures followed by the committee 8 3. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of Physical and Chemical Sciences 9 3.1 Broader context 9 3.2 Research quality 10 3.3 Relevance to Society 11 3.4 Viability 13 3.5 PhD programmes 15 3.6 Research integrity policy 17 3.7 Diversity 18 3.8 Conclusion 19 3.9 Quantitative assessment of Physical and Chemical Sciences 20 4. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the separate research institutes 21 4.1 Debye Institute for Nanomaterial Science 21 4.2 Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research 24 4.3 Institute for Theoretical Physics 27 4.4 Institute for Sub-Atomic Physics 30 5. Recommendations 33 Appendices 35 Appendix 1: Explanation of the SEP criteria and categories 37 Appendix 2: Curricula Vitae of the committee members 39 Appendix 3: Programme of the site visit 41 Appendix 4: Quantitative Data 47 QANU / Research Review Physical and Chemical Sciences, Utrecht University 3 4 QANU / Research Review Physical and Chemical Sciences, Utrecht University 1. -
Seismic Characterization of the Euregio Meuse-Rhine in View of Einstein Telescope
SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EUREGIO MEUSE-RHINE IN VIEW OF EINSTEIN TELESCOPE 13 September 2019 First results of seismic studies of the Belgian-Dutch-German site for Einstein Telescope Soumen Koley1, Maria Bader1, Alessandro Bertolini1, Jo van den Brand1,2, Henk Jan Bulten1,3, Stefan Hild1,2, Frank Linde1,4, Bas Swinkels1, Bjorn Vink5 1. Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2. Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands 3. VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 5. Antea Group, Maastricht, The Netherlands CONFIDENTIAL Figure 1: Artist impression of the Einstein Telescope gravitational wave observatory situated at a depth of 200-300 meters in the Euregio Meuse-Rhine landscape. The triangular topology with 10 kilometers long arms allows for the installation of multiple so-called laser interferometers. Each of which can detect ripples in the fabric of space-time – the unique signature of a gravitational wave – as minute relative movements of the mirrors hanging at the bottom of the red and white towers indicated in the illustration at the corners of the triangle. 1 SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EUREGIO MEUSE-RHINE IN VIEW OF EINSTEIN TELESCOPE Figure 2: Drill rig for the 2018-2019 campaign used for the completion of the 260 meters deep borehole near Terziet on the Dutch-Belgian border in South Limburg. Two broadband seismic sensors were installed: one at a depth of 250 meters and one just below the surface. Both sensors are accessible via the KNMI portal: http://rdsa.knmi.nl/dataportal/. 2 SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EUREGIO MEUSE-RHINE IN VIEW OF EINSTEIN TELESCOPE Executive summary The European 2011 Conceptual Design Report for Einstein Telescope identified the Euregio Meuse-Rhine and in particular the South Limburg border region as one of the prospective sites for this next generation gravitational wave observatory. -
LIGO's Unsung Heroes : Nature News & Comment
NATURE | NEWS LIGO's unsung heroes Nature highlights just a few of the people who played a crucial part in the discovery of gravitational waves — but didn’t win the Nobel Prize. Davide Castelvecchi 09 October 2017 Corrected: 19 October 2017 Joe McNally/Getty LIGO hunts gravitational waves with the help of two laser interferometers — and hundreds of people. Expand Every October, the announcements of the Nobel Prizes bring with them some controversy. This year’s physics prize — in recognition of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in the United States — was less debated than most. The three winners — Kip Thorne and Barry Barish, both at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, and Rainer Weiss at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge — had attracted near-universal praise for their roles in the project’s success. But the award has still put into stark relief the difficulty of singling out just a few individuals from the large collaborations of today’s 'Big Science'. The LIGO collaboration uses two giant laser interferometers to listen for deformations in space-time caused by some of the Universe’s most cataclysmic events. Physicists detected their first gravitational waves — interpreted as being produced by the collision of two black holes more than a billion years ago — in September 2015. The resulting paper, published in February 20161, has a mind-boggling 1,004 authors. Some of those are members of the LIGO Laboratory, the Caltech–MIT consortium that manages LIGO’s two interferometers in Louisiana and Washington State. But the list also includes the larger LIGO Scientific Collaboration: researchers from 18 countries, some of which — such as Germany and the United Kingdom — have made crucial contributions to the detectors. -
A Brief History of Gravitational Waves
Review A Brief History of Gravitational Waves Jorge L. Cervantes-Cota 1, Salvador Galindo-Uribarri 1 and George F. Smoot 2,3,4,* 1 Department of Physics, National Institute for Nuclear Research, Km 36.5 Carretera Mexico-Toluca, Ocoyoacac, Mexico State C.P.52750, Mexico; [email protected] (J.L.C.-C.); [email protected] (S.G.-U.) 2 Helmut and Ana Pao Sohmen Professor at Large, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. 3 Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire APC-PCCP, Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. 4 Department of Physics and LBNL, University of California; MS Bldg 50-5505 LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.:+1-510-486-5505 Abstract: This review describes the discovery of gravitational waves. We recount the journey of predicting and finding those waves, since its beginning in the early twentieth century, their prediction by Einstein in 1916, theoretical and experimental blunders, efforts towards their detection, and finally the subsequent successful discovery. Keywords: gravitational waves; General Relativity; LIGO; Einstein; strong-field gravity; binary black holes 1. Introduction Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, published in November 1915, led to the prediction of the existence of gravitational waves that would be so faint and their interaction with matter so weak that Einstein himself wondered if they could ever be discovered. Even if they were detectable, Einstein also wondered if they would ever be useful enough for use in science. -
Letter of Interest Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Wave Detectors
Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest Fundamental physics with gravitational wave detectors Thematic Areas: (check all that apply /) (CF1) Dark Matter: Particle Like (CF2) Dark Matter: Wavelike (CF3) Dark Matter: Cosmic Probes (CF4) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: The Modern Universe (CF5) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Cosmic Dawn and Before (CF6) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Complementarity of Probes and New Facilities (CF7) Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics (TF09) Cosmology Theory (TF10) Quantum Information Science Theory Contact Information: Emanuele Berti (Johns Hopkins University) [[email protected]], Vitor Cardoso (Instituto Superior Tecnico,´ Lisbon) [[email protected]], Bangalore Sathyaprakash (Pennsylvania State University & Cardiff University) [[email protected]], Nicolas´ Yunes (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) [[email protected]] Authors: (see long author lists after the text) Abstract: (maximum 200 words) Gravitational wave detectors are formidable tools to explore black holes and neutron stars. These com- pact objects are extraordinarily efficient at producing electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. As such, they are ideal laboratories for fundamental physics and they have an immense discovery potential. The detection of merging black holes by third-generation Earth-based detectors and space-based detectors will provide exquisite tests of general relativity. Loud “golden” events and extreme mass-ratio inspirals can strengthen the observational evidence for horizons by mapping the exterior spacetime geometry, inform us on possible near-horizon modifications, and perhaps reveal a breakdown of Einstein’s gravity. Measure- ments of the black-hole spin distribution and continuous gravitational-wave searches can turn black holes into efficient detectors of ultralight bosons across ten or more orders of magnitude in mass. -
A Brief History of Gravitational Waves
universe Review A Brief History of Gravitational Waves Jorge L. Cervantes-Cota 1, Salvador Galindo-Uribarri 1 and George F. Smoot 2,3,4,* 1 Department of Physics, National Institute for Nuclear Research, Km 36.5 Carretera Mexico-Toluca, Ocoyoacac, C.P. 52750 Mexico, Mexico; [email protected] (J.L.C.-C.); [email protected] (S.G.-U.) 2 Helmut and Ana Pao Sohmen Professor at Large, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China 3 Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire APC-PCCP, Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France 4 Department of Physics and LBNL, University of California; MS Bldg 50-5505 LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.:+1-510-486-5505 Academic Editors: Lorenzo Iorio and Elias C. Vagenas Received: 21 July 2016; Accepted: 2 September 2016; Published: 13 September 2016 Abstract: This review describes the discovery of gravitational waves. We recount the journey of predicting and finding those waves, since its beginning in the early twentieth century, their prediction by Einstein in 1916, theoretical and experimental blunders, efforts towards their detection, and finally the subsequent successful discovery. Keywords: gravitational waves; General Relativity; LIGO; Einstein; strong-field gravity; binary black holes 1. Introduction Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, published in November 1915, led to the prediction of the existence of gravitational waves that would be so faint and their interaction with matter so weak that Einstein himself wondered if they could ever be discovered. -
Annual Report 2001
2001 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2001 Kruislaan 409, 1098 SJ Amsterdam P.O. Box 41882, 1009 DB Amsterdam Colofon Publication edited for NIKHEF: Address: Postbus 41882, 1009 DB Amsterdam Kruislaan 409, 1098 SJ Amsterdam Phone: +31 20 592 2000 Fax: +31 20 592 5155 E-mail: [email protected] Editors: Louk Lapik´as & Marcel Vreeswijk Layout & art-work: Kees Huyser Organisation: Anja van Dulmen Cover Photograph: A 3-D drawing of the LHCb Vertex detector URL: http://www.nikhef.nl The National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High-Energy Physics (NIKHEF) is a joint venture of the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), the Universiteit van Amsterdam (UVA), the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen (KUN), the Vrije Univer- siteit Amsterdam (VUA) and the Universiteit Utrecht (UU). The NIKHEF laboratory is located at the Science and Technology Centre Watergraafsmeer (WCW) in Amsterdam. The activities in experimental subatomic physics are coordinated and supported by NIKHEF with locations at Amsterdam, Nijmegen and Utrecht. The scientific programme is carried out by FOM, UVA, KUN,VUAandUUstaff.Experimentsaredone at the European accelerator centre CERN in Geneva, where NIKHEF participates in two LEP experiments (L3andDELPHI),inaneutrino experiment (CHORUS) and in SPS heavy ion experiments (NA57 and NA49). NIKHEF participates in the Tevatron experiment D0 at Fermilab, Chicago. At DESY in Hamburg NIKHEF participates in the ZEUS, HERMES and HERA-B experiments. Research and development activities are in progress for the future experiments ATLAS, ALICE and LHCb with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. NIKHEF is closely cooperating with the University of Twente. -
Heinz Billing
Heinz Billing Born April 7, 1914, Salzwedel, Germany; an inventor1, of magnetic drum storage and built the first working electronic computer in Germany; searched for gravity waves and became unsurpassed in not finding them. Education: doctoral degree, University of Göttingen, 1938. Professional Experience: Aerodynamic Test Centre, Göttingen (Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt, AVA) 1938-1946; German Air Force, 1938-1941; Institute für Instrumentenkunde (Institute for Scientific Instruments), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (later Max-Planck- Gesellschaft), 1946-1949, and again in 1950-1972; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization, Sydney, Australia, 1949-1950; Max Planck Institute, Garching, Germany, 1972-1982. Honors and Awards: honorary professorship in computing, Erlangen University, 1967; Konrad Zuse Prize, 1987. Heinz Billing was born on April 7, 1914 in Salzwedel, a small town some 30 miles north of Wolfsburg, where Volkswagen automobiles are made. He went to school at Salzwedel, graduated from high school (“Abitur”-examination) at 18 and, after studies at Göttingen (a famous university town south of Hanover) and Munich, he received his doctorate in physics at the age of 24. His thesis under Walter Gerlach was on Light Interference with Canal Rays. He began his career June 1, 1938, at the Aerodynamic Test Centre at Göttingen (Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt, AVA) connected with Ludwig Prandt], the famous director of the Kaiser- Wilhelm-Institut für Strömungsforschung (fluid mechanics). By October 1, 1938, he was drafted to the Air Force, where he worked in weather forecasting. He was released from these duties in May 1941 to do research in aeronautical acoustics. Magnetic Sound Recording In those days German engineering was well known for excellent results with magnetic sound recording, first on steel wire and then on tape. -
National Institute for Subatomic Physics Annual Report 2014
Annual Report 2014 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics Annual Report 2014 National Institute for Subatomic Physics Nikhef Colophon Nikhef Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica National Institute for Subatomic Physics Visiting address Post address Science Park 105 P.O. Box 41882 1098 XG Amsterdam 1009 DB Amsterdam The Netherlands The Netherlands Telephone: +31 (0)20 592 2000 Fax: +31 (0)20 592 5155 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.nikhef.nl Science communication Contact: Vanessa Mexner Telephone: +31 (0)20 592 5075 E-mail: [email protected] Editors: Stan Bentvelsen, Wouter Hulsbergen, Kees Huyser, Louk Lapikás, Frank Linde, Melissa van der Sande Layout: Kees Huyser Printer: Gildeprint Drukkerijen, Enschede Photos: Kees Huyser, Stan Bentvelsen, Jan Koopstra, Marco Kraan, Arne de Laat, Hanne Nijhuis, CERN Front cover: First full KM3NeT string of 18 optical modules assembled at Nikhef. Deployment in the Mediterranean Sea follows early 2015. Back cover: The Standard Model of particles since the discovery of the Higgs boson. Nikhef is the National Institute for Subatomic Physics in the Netherlands, in which the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter, the University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Radboud University Nijmegen and Utrecht University collaborate. Nikhef coordinates and supports most activities in experimental particle and astroparticle physics in the Netherlands. Nikhef participates in experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, notably ATLAS, LHCb and ALICE. Astroparticle physics activities at Nikhef are fourfold: the ANTARES and KM3NeT neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea; the Pierre Auger Observatory for cosmic rays, located in Argentina; gravitational-wave detection via the Virgo interferometer in Italy, and the projects eLISA and Einstein Telescope; and the direct search for Dark Matter with the XENON detector in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy. -
Input from the Netherlands for the European Strategy for Particle Physics – Update 2020
Input from the Netherlands for the European Strategy for Particle Physics – Update 2020 Stan Bentvelsen On behalf of Nikhef Particle- and Astroparticle Physics in the Netherlands The programme for Particle Physics in the Netherlands is co-ordinated by Nikhef, the National Institute for Particle Physics (www.nikhef.nl). Nikhef presently comprises groups from the NWO (Dutch national funding agency) Institute for Subatomic Physics and five universities: Free University of Amsterdam, Radboud University, University of Amsterdam, University of Groningen and Utrecht University. The historical aim of Nikhef was to be the Dutch home base for Particle Physics experiments at CERN. While this aim is still being honoured, Nikhef is now the home base for experiments at a larger variety of labs all around the world. The current Nikhef strategy is described in the Nikhef Strategy 2017-2020 and Beyond. The strategy is divided in three pillars: Proven Approaches, New Opportunities and Beyond Scientific goals. For the Proven Approaches Nikhef takes part in the particle physics experiments ATLAS, LHCb and ALICE. The Astroparticle Physics portfolio comprises of Advanced Virgo on gravitational waves, KM3NeT (and a small effort in protoDUNE) for the neutrino program, Pierre Auger Observatory for Ultra High Energetic Cosmic Rays and Xenon for the direct search of Dark matter. Further, Nikhef is building a precision atomic physics programme to determine the electric dipole moment of the electron. Next to these programs, Nikhef has a vivid theory department, a dedicated R&D group and a Physics Data Processing group. Together with SARA Nikhef houses a Tier-1 computing centre. In the Nikhef strategic plan the importance of a healthy theory community is underlined as essential for progress in Particle and Astroparticle Physics. -
LIGO Magazine Issue #14 !
LIGO Scientific Collaboration Scientific LIGO issue 14 3/2019 LIGO MAGAZINE The Gravitational Weather Forecast: Predicting sources for O3 Upgrades to Hanford, Livingston and Virgo sites Getting ready for O3 p.12 The LVC‘s first Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog Inventorizing the dark side p. 15 ... and an interview with Sir James Hough on the early days p.19 Front cover A new study using Chandra data of GW170817 indicates that the event that produced gravitational waves likely created the lowest mass black hole known. The artist’s illustration shows the black hole that resulted from the merger, along with a disk of infalling matter and a jet of high-energy particles. (Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss) The top inset shows the view from below the ‘north input test mass’ of Virgo. The bottom inset shows a schematic of binary mergers observed by LIGO and Virgo so far. Image credits Photos and graphics appear courtesy of Caltech/MIT LIGO Laboratory and LIGO Scientific Collaboration unless otherwise noted. Cover: Main illustration from NASA/CXC/M.Weiss. Top inset from M. Perciballi / The Virgo collaboration. Bottom inset from LIGO-Virgo / Frank Elavsky / Northwestern University p. 3 Comic strip by Nutsinee Kijbunchoo p. 6-9 Colliding neutron stars illustration by NASA/CXC/M.Weiss. Gravitational wave sources by Chris Messenger. Sensitivity curves from LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA p. 12-14 Livingston photo by Matthew Heintze. Hanford photo by Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Virgo photo by M. Perciballi / The Virgo Collaboration. p. 15-18 Time frequency plots and waveforms by S. Ghonge, K. Janu / Georgia Tech. Masses in the Stellar Graveyard by LIGO-Virgo / Frank Elavsky / Northwestern University. -
Annual Report 2016 | University of Amsterdam 1
annual report 2016 | university of amsterdam 1 Annual Report 2016 uva.nl 2 annual report 2016 | university of amsterdam annual report 2016 | university of amsterdam 1 Annual Report 2016 University of Amsterdam 2 annual report 2016 | university of amsterdam Publication details Published by University of Amsterdam May 2017 Composition Strategy & Information Department Design April Design Cover photography Niké Dolman & Lisa Helder Photography AIAS | AMC | Andrea Kane | API | Bastiaan Aalbergsen | Bob Bronshoff | Bram Belloni | Carlos Fitzsimons | CLHC | Daan van Eijndhoven | David Cohen de Lara | Dirk Gillissen | DSM | Eduard Lampe | Faungg (Via Flickr) | FEB | Frank Linde | Free Press Media | GRAPPA | HIMS | Ingrid de Groot | Jan Willem Steenmeijer | Jeroen Oerlemans | KHMV | Liesbeth Dingemans | LinkedIn | Maarten van Haaff | Maartje Strijbis | Merijn Soeters | Judith van de Kamp | Monique Kooijmans | Nottingham Trent University | NTR | Rogier Fokke | RUG | Sander Nieuwenhuys | Sacha Epskamp | Stefan Pickee | Suzanne Blanchard | Teska Overbeeke | Ties Korstanje | University of Melbourne | Ursula Jernberg | VU Information University of Amsterdam Communications Office Postbus 19268 1000 GG Amsterdam +31 (0)20-525 2929 www.uva.nl No rights can be derived from the content of this Annual Report. © Universiteit van Amsterdam Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to provide an accurate translation of the text. However, the official text is the Dutch text: any differences in the translation are not binding and have no legal effect. annual report 2016 | university of amsterdam 3 Contents 5 a. Foreword by the Executive Board 7 b. Key data 9 c. Message from the Supervisory Board 14 d. Members of the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board 15 e. Faculty deans and directors of the organisational units 16 f.