Annual Report 2001

2001 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2001 Kruislaan 409, 1098 SJ Amsterdam P.O. Box 41882, 1009 DB Amsterdam Colofon Publication edited for NIKHEF: Address: Postbus 41882, 1009 DB Amsterdam Kruislaan 409, 1098 SJ Amsterdam Phone: +31 20 592 2000 Fax: +31 20 592 5155 E-mail: [email protected] Editors: Louk Lapikás & Marcel Vreeswijk Layout & art-work: Kees Huyser Organisation: Anja van Dulmen Cover Photograph: A 3-D drawing of the LHCb Vertex detector URL: http://www.nikhef.nl The National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High-Energy Physics (NIKHEF) is a joint venture of the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), the Universiteit van Amsterdam (UVA), the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen (KUN), the Vrije Univer- siteit Amsterdam (VUA) and the Universiteit Utrecht (UU). The NIKHEF laboratory is located at the Science and Technology Centre Watergraafsmeer (WCW) in Amsterdam. The activities in experimental subatomic physics are coordinated and supported by NIKHEF with locations at Amsterdam, Nijmegen and Utrecht. The scientific programme is carried out by FOM, UVA, KUN,VUAandUUstaff.Experimentsaredone at the European accelerator centre CERN in Geneva, where NIKHEF participates in two LEP experiments (L3andDELPHI),inaneutrino experiment (CHORUS) and in SPS heavy ion experiments (NA57 and NA49). NIKHEF participates in the Tevatron experiment D0 at Fermilab, Chicago. At DESY in Hamburg NIKHEF participates in the ZEUS, HERMES and HERA-B experiments. Research and development activities are in progress for the future experiments ATLAS, ALICE and LHCb with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. NIKHEF is closely cooperating with the University of Twente. Training and education of students are vital elements in the research climate of the laboratory. Contents Preface 1 AExperimental Programmes 3 1AmPS 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Experiments at EMIN 3 1.3 Experiments abroad 6 2TheAntaresProject 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Progress in 2001 9 2.3 Recent developments 10 3TheATLASExperiment 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 D0 experiment 11 3.3 ATLAS experiment 12 3.4 ATLAS detector R&D spin-off 15 4B-physics 19 4.1 Introduction 19 4.2 HERA-B 19 4.3 LHCb Outer Tracker 21 4.4 LHCb Vertex detector 23 4.5 LHCb front-end chip 26 4.6 L0 Pile Up Veto System 27 4.7 Track Reconstruction 28 4.8 LHCb Physics Performance 30 i 4.9 Grid Activities 30 5CHORUS 33 6HeavyIonPhysics 35 6.1 Introduction 35 6.2 Direct photons in WA98 35 6.3 Strange baryon production in NA57 36 6.4 Strangeness and Charm Production in NA49 37 6.5 The Alice experiment 39 7HERMES 41 7.1 Introduction 41 7.2 Physics analysis 41 7.3 The JLab experiment 45 7.4 The Lambda Wheel project 45 7.5 Longitudinal Polarimeter 46 7.6 Outlook 47 8ZEUS 49 8.1 Introduction 49 8.2 Structure Function F2 49 8.3 Micro-Vertex Detector 50 BLEP in 2001 53 1DELPHI 53 1.1 End of data taking and reprocessing 53 1.2 Selected research topics 53 0 − 0 1.3 Bd Bd oscillations 53 1.4 W mass and width 54 1.5 ZZ cross section 54 1.6 Flavour blind Higgs search 55 2L3 57 2.1 Introduction 57 2.2 Searches 57 2.3 Fermion pairs 58 ii 2.4 W physics 58 2.5 QCD 60 2.6 L3+Cosmics 60 CTheoreticalPhysics 61 1Theoretical Physics Group 61 1.1 Particles, fields and symmetries 61 1.2 Research program 61 1.3 Teaching 62 DTechnical Departments 63 1Computer Technology 63 1.1 Introduction 63 1.2 Central services 63 1.3 Network infrastructure 63 1.4 Security 64 1.5 Desktop systems 64 1.6 Farm configurations 64 1.7 Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX) 64 1.8 Software engineering 65 1.9 ANTARES 65 1.10 Embedded software for ATLAS hardware modules 65 1.11 Communication between Trigger/ DAQ and DCS in ATLAS 66 1.12 Applications for the production of ATLAS muon chambers 66 2Electronics Technology 69 2.1 Introduction 69 2.2 Projects 69 2.3 Department development 74 3Mechanical Workshop 75 3.1 Introduction 75 3.2 Projects 75 4Mechanical Engineering 79 4.1 Introduction 79 iii 4.2 Running Experiments 79 4.3 Projects in development 79 5GridProjects 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 DataGrid 83 5.3 AliEn 85 5.4 D0 Grid 85 5.5 DataTAG 85 6Future Projects: TESLA 87 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 Physics Motivation 87 6.3 Detector R&D 87 6.4 Investigation into a beam protection system for TESLA 88 EPublications, Theses and Talks 89 1Publications 89 2PhDTheses 97 3InvitedTalks 98 4SeminarsatNIKHEF 102 5NIKHEF Annual Scientific Meeting December 13-14, 2001, Amsterdam 104 FResources and Personnel 105 1Resources 105 2Membership of Councils and Committees during 2001 106 3Personnel as of December 31, 2001 107 iv Preface In this Annual Report we look back at the achievements During the first six months of the period covered by this of NIKHEF in the year 2001, a year that unfortunately annual report the NIKHEF programme was carried out wasovershadowed by the tragic death of Cees Bakker under the responsibility of my predecessor professor Ger who we commemorate with thankfulness. van Middelkoop. It was a rewarding tasktoconsolidate this ambitious and well balanced programme in a well In theyear 2001 important progress was made towards organised institute with an excellent infrastructure. I the technical realisation of the large-scale hardware proj- hope that the fruitful collaboration in NIKHEF between ects for the future LHC experiments. The production of FOM and the universities KUN, UU, UvA and VU will the Atlas muon-chambers was successfully started and continue to proof an excellent basis for research at the the first vacuum vessel of the huge end-cap toroids was frontier ofoneofthemost exciting fields in physics - produced in industry and delivered at CERN. The de- afieldinwhichimaginative attempts to look beyond velopment and production of the state-of-the art instru- the horizon of the LHC already appear on the agenda; mentation for Atlas, LHC-b and Alice will continue to NIKHEF certainly has the ambition to also participate make great demands on the professional skills and ded- in the definition of this agenda and with our priorities ication in our technical departments during the coming clearly reflected in this Annual Report 2001 I hope we years. As has been the case in 2001 we will have to will have a lively scientific debate even beyond these solve complex technical and planning problems within priorities. tight constraints imposed by limited resources – I am convinced we will be able to do so, motivated by the fact that the LHC is the most important project in high energy physics on a world-scale for at least the coming decade. Computing in the LHC era will put unprecedented demands on CPU and storage capacity. NIKHEF plays a leading role in various pilot projects Jos Engelen aiming at developing GRID technology, the new ap- proach to large scale computing. Wonderful results continue to emerge from the Del- phi and L3 experiments at LEP and from ZEUS and Hermes at HERA. The latter two have undergone ma- jor upgrades in 2001 with important contributions from our institute. These experiments and also the HERA-B experiment at DESY (Hamburg, Germany), the fixed target heavy ion experiments at CERN and the D0 project at Fermilab (Batavia, USA) will provide excellent opportunities for research at the forefront of high energy physics while the LHC programme is prepared. In 2001 the Chorus programme was concluded; a num- berofinteresting publications will, however, still follow as is the case for the AmPS programme concluded ear- lier. The Antares project in the emerging new field of astro-particle physics made important steps towards the launch of the first detector string in the Mediterranean Sea, now planned for late 2002. The NIKHEF partic- ipation in Antares represents the only activity in the Netherlands in this rapidly growing field. 1 2 AExperimental Programmes 1AmPS 1.1 Introduction components strongly depend on p and are sensitive to the repulsive core of the NN interaction at short dis- The analysis of the experiments performed with AmPS tances. To obtain sensitivity to the spin structure of the reaches its final stage. While the analysis of all exper- deuteron, spin-dependent observables in quasi-elastic iments carried out in EMIN is finished, there remain scattering can be used. In the 2H(e, e p)n reaction, an the analyses of a few experiments performed in the energy ω and a three-momentum q are transferred to Internal-Target Facility (ITF). These pertain to scat- the nucleus and the nuclear response can be mapped as tering of polarised electrons off polarised 1H, 2Hand afunction of missing momentum p and missing en- 3He targets. m ergy. In the plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) The electron-scattering programme with AmPS has the neutron is only a spectator during the scattering been concluded with a report Results of the AmPS process, and pm is equal to the initial proton momen- Program submitted early 2001 to the funding agency tum in the deuteron, while the missing energy equals FOM. In this report an overview is given of the physics the binding energy. program carried out at the electron-scattering facility The polarisation of a proton Pp inside a deuteron with AmPS at NIKHEF in the period 1992-1998. The re- z avector polarisation Pd ,isgivenby port describes the instrumentation built for this pro- 1 gram, and the results obtained with the extracted beam in the EMIN hall and with the stored (polarised) beam p 2 d − 1 Pz = P1 PS PD , (1.1) in the internal target facility.

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