How Shareholder Activists Create Value: Overview and Impact of Their
MEMOIRE Présenté en vue de l'obtention du Master en Ingénieur de G es tion , fin alité spécialisée How shareholder activists create value: Overview and impact of their different strategies Par Nathan Giot Directeur: Professeur Hugues Pirotte Assesseur: Professeur Laurent Gheeraert Année académique 2018 - 2019 Executive Summary Whereas institutional activism is performed by passive investors that seek to support their portfolio’s underperforming firms, this thesis focuses on hedge fund activists, who deliberately purchase a minority stake in a company and try to implement their vision or strategy to improve the company’s performance and generate abnormal returns. In the last decade, this form of activism has received much more media attention, with activists deploying a record of $65 billion of additional capital in 2018. Moreover, activists historically targeted small to medium- sized U.S. firms; however, recent growth is mainly driven by new campaigns in Europe, Asia, and Australia with targets becoming larger and more complex than ever before, leaving no company immune to activism. Even though shareholder activists only purchase small, non-controlling stakes, they often manage to impose their new vision and strategies on targeted firms through the use of several tactics. Prior to implementing their changes, activists need to find targets that will benefit from their intervention. Several company characteristics increase the likelihood of attracting hedge fund activists. Indeed, similarly to companies targeted by private equity investors, underperforming businesses often attract activists that want to push the firm back to normal or higher performance levels. Other attractive target-related criteria include companies trading at a conglomerate discount, firms with a poor capital structure, bad governance practices such as extravagant executive pay or inappropriate board members, lacking a clear business strategy, poor ESG ratings, and companies involved in M&A transactions.
[Show full text]