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THE CONCEPT OF SACRED WAR IN ANCIENT GREECE By FRANCES ANNE SKOCZYLAS B.A., McGill University, 1985 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Classics) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 1987 ® Frances Anne Skoczylas, 1987 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of CLASSICS The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date AUtt-UST 5r 1Q87 ii ABSTRACT This thesis will trace the origin and development of the term "Sacred War" in the corpus of extant Greek literature. This term has been commonly applied by modern scholars to four wars which took place in ancient Greece between- the sixth and fourth centuries B. C. The modern use of "the attribute "Sacred War" to refer to these four wars in particular raises two questions. First, did the ancient historians give all four of these wars the title "Sacred War?" And second, what justified the use of this title only for certain conflicts? In order to resolve the first of these questions, it is necessary to examine in what terms the ancient historians referred to these wars. -
Building" Nuestra América:" National Sovereignty and Regional
Building “Nuestra América:” National Sovereignty and Regional Integration in the Americas* Renata Keller** “It is the hour of reckoning and of marching in unison, and we must move in lines as compact as the veins of silver that lie at the roots of the Andes.” José Martí, “Nuestra América,”1891 José Martí, the Cuban intellectual and independence hero, publis- hed one of his most important essays in a Mexican newspaper while representing Uruguay at the First International Conference of Ame- rican States in Washington DC in 1891. Titled “Nuestra América,” Martí’s call to action touched on a number of themes, including nati- onalism, imperialism, and racism. He urged his readers to discard * Article submitted on September 16th, 2013 and approved for publication in October 16th, 2013. ** Renata Keller is an assistant professor of International Relations at Boston University and holds a Ph.D. in History from the University of Texas at Austin. Her research and teaching interests focus on Latin American history, particularly the connections between foreign and domestic politics, the dynamics of the Cold War, and U.S. relations with Latin America. E-mail: [email protected]. CONTEXTO INTERNACIONAL Rio de Janeiro, vol. 35, no 2, julho/dezembro 2013, p. 537-564. 537 Contexto Internacional (PUC) Vol. 35 no 2 – jul/dez 2013 1ª Revisão: 29/12/2013 Renata Keller their provincial mindsets, insisting that “hometowns that are still strangers to one another XX must hurry to become acquainted, like men who are about to battle together” (MARTÍ, 1977, p. 26). -
The Vice President in the U.S. Senate: Examining the Consequences of Institutional Design
The Vice President in the U.S. Senate: Examining the Consequences of Institutional Design. Michael S. Lynch Tony Madonna Asssistant Professor Assistant Professor University of Kansas University of Georgia [email protected] [email protected] January 25, 2010∗ ∗The authors would like to thank Scott H. Ainsworth, Stanley Bach, Ryan Bakker, Sarah A. Binder, Jamie L. Carson, Michael H. Crespin, Keith L. Dougherty, Trey Hood, Andrew Martin, Ryan J. Owens and Steven S. Smith for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Madonna also thanks the University of Georgia American Political Development working group for support and comments, and Rachel Snyder for helpful research assistance. All errors remain the authors. Abstract The constitutional designation of the vice president as the president of the United States Senate is a unique feature of the chamber. It places control over the Senate's rules and precedents under an individual who is not elected by the chamber and receives no direct benefits from the maintenance of its institutions. We argue that this feature of the Senate has played an important, recurring role in its development. The vice president has frequently acted in a manner that conflicted with the wishes chamber majorities. Consequently, the Senate has developed rules and precedents that insulate the chamber from its presiding officer. These actions have made the Senate a less efficient chamber, but have largely freed it from the potential influence of the executive branch. We examine these arguments using a mix of historical and contemporary case studies, as well as empirical data on contentious rulings on questions of order. -
The Congressional Debate Over US Participation in The
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Opus: Research and Creativity at IPFW Indiana University - Purdue University Fort Wayne Opus: Research & Creativity at IPFW History Faculty Publications Department of History 11-2006 “The onC gressional Debate over U.S. Participation in the Congress of Panama, 1825-1826: Washington’s Farewell Address, Monroe’s Doctrine, and the Fundamental Principles of U.S. Foreign Policy” Jeffrey J. Malanson [email protected] This research is a product of the Department of History faculty at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne. Follow this and additional works at: http://opus.ipfw.edu/history_facpubs Part of the History Commons Opus Citation Jeffrey J. Malanson (2006). “The onC gressional Debate over U.S. Participation in the Congress of Panama, 1825-1826: Washington’s Farewell Address, Monroe’s Doctrine, and the Fundamental Principles of U.S. Foreign Policy”. Diplomatic History.30 (5), 813-838. http://opus.ipfw.edu/history_facpubs/82 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Opus: Research & Creativity at IPFW. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Opus: Research & Creativity at IPFW. For more information, please contact [email protected]. jeffrey j. malanson The Congressional Debate over U.S. Participation in the Congress of Panama, 1825–1826: Washington’s Farewell Address, Monroe’s Doctrine, and the Fundamental Principles of U.S. Foreign Policy When Simón Bolívar resolved in December 1824 to call a grand meeting of representatives from the independent republics of the Americas to meet at the Isthmus of Panama, he had no intention of inviting the United States to attend. -
Chavez Presents Boli
xviii FURTHER READING STUDIES ON BOLIVAR AND INDEPENDENCE Brown, Matthew, Adventuring Through Spanish Colonies: Sifnon BoUvar, Foreign Mercenaries and the Birth of New Nations (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2006) Conway, Christopher Brian, The Cult of BoUvar in Latin Aincricati Literature (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2003) Davies, Catherine, Claire Brewster and Hillary Owen, South Anicricati Independence: Gender, Politics, Text (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2006) Earle, Rebecca, Spain and the Independence of Colombia (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2000) Lynch, John, Latin American Revolutions 1808-1826 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) Murray, Pamela, For Glory and BoUvar: The Remarkable Life of Manuela Saenz (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008) f CHRONOLOGY 1783 24 July: Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar y Palacios bom in Caracas. 1799-1802 Bolivar visits and lives in New Spain (Mexico), Spain and France. 1802 26 May: Bolivar marries Maria Teresa Rodriguez del Toro in Madrid. 1803 22 January: Maria Teresa Rodriguez del Toro dies in Caracas. 1803-1807 Bolivar travels to Spain, France, Italy and the USA. 1810 19 April: Caracas rebels against colonial mle and deposes Captain-General. New junta governs, autonomously, in the name of deposed King Femando VII. Bolivar travels to London as part of Venezuelan mission seeking recognition of its independence (returns to Venezuela in December). r k X X C H R O N O L O G Y 1811 5 July: Elected Venezuelan Congress declares independence. Beginning of First Republic. 1812 26 March: Earthquake in Caracas. 6 July: Bolivar abandons Puerto Cabello. 31 July: Bolivar complicit in arrest of Francisco de Miranda. -
An Analysis of the Historiographical Treatment of Athenian Democracy
Ouachita Baptist University Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita Honors Theses Carl Goodson Honors Program 2019 An Analysis of the Historiographical Treatment of Athenian Democracy John Thomas Ryan Ouachita Baptist University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/honors_theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Ryan, John Thomas, "An Analysis of the Historiographical Treatment of Athenian Democracy" (2019). Honors Theses. 713. https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/honors_theses/713 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Carl Goodson Honors Program at Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SENIOR THESIS APPROVAL This Honors thesis entitled "An Analysis Of The Historiographical Treatment Of Athenian Democracy" written by John Thomas Ryan and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion of the Carl Goodson Honors Program meets the criteria for acceptance and has been approved by the undersigned readers. Dr. Bethany Hicks, thesis director Dr. Chris Mortenson, second reader Dr. Steven Thomason, third reader Dr. Barbara Pemberton, Honors Program director 29 April 2019 An Analysis Of The Historiographical Treatment Of Athenian Democracy John Thomas Ryan The government of Athens has had an uncommon influence through time. This influence is revealed by historians and writers who have examined time and time again this single city. Athens has been critiqued and praised by these writers ever since the city-state gained a position of prominence in the Greek world. -
Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: a Socio-Cultural Perspective
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective Nicholas D. Cross The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1479 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INTERSTATE ALLIANCES IN THE FOURTH-CENTURY BCE GREEK WORLD: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE by Nicholas D. Cross A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 Nicholas D. Cross All Rights Reserved ii Interstate Alliances in the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________ __________________________________________ Date Jennifer Roberts Chair of Examining Committee ______________ __________________________________________ Date Helena Rosenblatt Executive Officer Supervisory Committee Joel Allen Liv Yarrow THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross Adviser: Professor Jennifer Roberts This dissertation offers a reassessment of interstate alliances (συµµαχία) in the fourth-century BCE Greek world from a socio-cultural perspective. -
The Formative Platform of the Congress of Panama (1810–1826): the Pan-American Conjecture Revisited Revista Brasileira De Política Internacional, Vol
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional ISSN: 0034-7329 [email protected] Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais Brasil de la Reza, Germán A. The formative platform of the Congress of Panama (1810–1826): the Pan-American conjecture revisited Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, vol. 56, núm. 1, 2013, pp. 5-21 Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais Brasília, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=35827889001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ARTIGO The formative platform of the Congress of Panama (1810–1826): the Pan-American conjecture revisited A plataforma formativa do Congresso do Panamá (1810–1826): a conjectura Pan-americana revisitada GERMÁN A. DE LA REZA* Rev. Bras. Polít. Int. 56 (1): 5-21 [2013] Introduction A large number of historians attribute Pan-American designs to the Amphyctionic Congress of Panama.1 One ramification of this assumption consists in making Simón Bolívar’s opposition to US participation dependent solely on specific conditions.2 In most cases, it concentrates on the process surrounding the calling of the Amphyctionic Congress, in particular the invitation strategy of the Vice-President of Gran Colombia, Francisco de Paula Santander, eliminating the importance of prior stages in their function as formative platforms for Bolivarian unionism.3 The other current of historians sustain a different perspective: the confederative project was essentially Latin American.4 * National Researcher, Level III, of Metropolitan Autonomous University of Mexico ([email protected]) 1 This position has been defended by, among others, Lockey (1927), Guerra (1946), Whitaker (1954), Caicedo (1961), Bernstein (1961), Castillo (1972), and Bingham (1976). -
South American Power Politics During the 1820S Ron L
South American Power Politics during the 1820s Ron L. Seckinger The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 56, No. 2. (May, 1976), pp. 241-267. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0018-2168%28197605%2956%3A2%3C241%3ASAPPDT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E The Hispanic American Historical Review is currently published by Duke University Press. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/duke.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Sun Oct 28 14:56:15 2007 South American Power Politics During the 1820s HIS study seeks to formulate some general statements concerning intra-South American relations during the T 1820s. -
Politics, Competition, and the Courts in Democratic Athens Susan Lape*
The State of Blame: Politics, Competition, and the Courts in Democratic Athens Susan Lape* Abstract Politics in democratic Athens routinely spilled over into the courts. From an Athenian perspective, this process was fundamentally democratic; it allowed the courts to provide a check on the power of individual political leaders and contributed to the view that the courts were the most democratic branch of Athenian government. That said, there were some downsides to transferring the scene of politics to the courts. When political issues and rivalries were brought into the courts, there was a tendency to render them into the court’s adversarial rhetoric. This translation of political issues into the polarizing language of judicial rhetoric in turn impoverished political reasoning and the political process. This study examines this broad process by first reviewing the culture of competitive honor that informed Athenian political and judicial practice, and then by examining how it operates in one famous and exceptionally competitive political trial in which politics and policy-making are center stage: Demosthenes’s prosecution of Aeschines for misconduct on the embassies leading to the Peace of Philocrates between Athens and Philip II of Macedon. The arguments and emotion strategies in this case indicate that intra-Athenian competition, both in and out of the courts, inflected the way foreign policy issues were conceptualized and understood, and was a factor in Athens’s inability to formulate a coherent policy and response to Philip of Macedon in the context of the Peace of Philocrates. * * * In the United States, the judicial system is supposed to be inoculated from political con- cerns, even though this is often more an ideal than reality. -
12/09/2004 Steve Fredette Final Paper Ancient Greece the Center
Steve Fredette 12/09/2004 Final Paper Ancient Greece The Center of the Greek World: The Myth and Reality of Delphi The legend goes that Zeus took two eagles and released them at different ends of the world, one in the east and one in the west. When they met again, it was in Delphi, which was thus declared the center of the world. As in many mythical stories, which attempt to explain a given phenomena through acts of the gods, there was surely some reason behind this story. In other words, in some way the Greeks must have seen Delphi as the center of the world. Looking back through history, ways in which this mythical claim was true can be examined. To begin, Delphi was certainly a great and important religious center. People from all over Greece came to visit the oracle, and the temple of Apollo was built through contributions from city-states throughout Greece. The Pythian Games in Delphi, held every four years, was an event which brought together all of Greece. Many Greek city-states also set up treasuries in Delphi which represented a more peaceful method of competition than the wars were parallel. Much Greek history passed through and was influenced by Delphi, and Delphi certainly represents and symbolizes the panhellenism of Greece. In Delphi, the independent nature of each individual city-state was represented through the individual treasuries. At the same time, these treasuries were all located in the same sacred ground and all the city-states collectively supported the temple and Delphi’s public buildings. -
Ancient Macedonians
Ancient Macedonians This article is about the native inhabitants of the historical kingdom of Macedonia. For the modern ethnic Greek people from Macedonia, Greece, see Macedonians (Greeks). For other uses, see Ancient Macedonian (disambiguation) and Macedonian (disambiguation). From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ANCIENT MACEDONIANS ΜΑΚΕΔΌΝΕΣ Stag Hunt Mosaic, 4th century BC Languages. Ancient Macedonian, then Attic Greek, and later Koine Greek Religion. ancient Greek religion The Macedonians (Greek: Μακεδόνες, Makedónes) were an ancient tribe that lived on the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmonand lower Axios in the northeastern part of mainland Greece. Essentially an ancient Greek people,[1] they gradually expanded from their homeland along the Haliacmon valley on the northern edge of the Greek world, absorbing or driving out neighbouring non-Greek tribes, primarily Thracian and Illyrian.[2][3] They spoke Ancient Macedonian, a language closely related to Ancient Greek, perhaps a dialect, although the prestige language of the region was at first Attic and then Koine Greek.[4] Their religious beliefs mirrored those of other Greeks, following the main deities of the Greek pantheon, although the Macedonians continued Archaic burial practices that had ceased in other parts of Greece after the 6th century BC. Aside from the monarchy, the core of Macedonian society was its nobility. Similar to the aristocracy of neighboring Thessaly, their wealth was largely built on herding horses and cattle. Although composed of various clans, the kingdom of Macedonia, established around the 8th century BC, is mostly associated with the Argead dynasty and the tribe named after it. The dynasty was allegedly founded by Perdiccas I, descendant of the legendary Temenus of Argos, while the region of Macedon perhaps derived its name from Makedon, a figure of Greek mythology.