Important Mountain Passes in India
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Impact of Climatic Change on Agro-Ecological Zones of the Suru-Zanskar Valley, Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India
Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment Vol. 3(13), pp. 424-440, 12 November, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JENE ISSN 2006 - 9847©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Impact of climatic change on agro-ecological zones of the Suru-Zanskar valley, Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India R. K. Raina and M. N. Koul* Department of Geography, University of Jammu, India. Accepted 29 September, 2011 An attempt was made to divide the Suru-Zanskar Valley of Ladakh division into agro-ecological zones in order to have an understanding of the cropping system that may be suitably adopted in such a high altitude region. For delineation of the Suru-Zanskar valley into agro-ecological zones bio-physical attributes of land such as elevation, climate, moisture adequacy index, soil texture, soil temperature, soil water holding capacity, slope, vegetation and agricultural productivity have been taken into consideration. The agricultural productivity of the valley has been worked out according to Bhatia’s (1967) productivity method and moisture adequacy index has been estimated on the basis of Subrmmanyam’s (1963) model. The land use zone map has been superimposed on moisture adequacy index, soil texture and soil temperature, soil water holding capacity, slope, vegetation and agricultural productivity zones to carve out different agro-ecological boundaries. The five agro-ecological zones were obtained. Key words: Agro-ecology, Suru-Zanskar, climatic water balance, moisture index. INTRODUCTION Mountain ecosystems of the world in general and India in degree of biodiversity in the mountains. particular face a grim reality of geopolitical, biophysical Inaccessibility, fragility, diversity, niche and human and socio economic marginality. -
Border Trade: Reopening the Tibet Border Claude Arpi the First Part of This Paper Concluded with This Question: Can the Borders
Border Trade: Reopening the Tibet Border Claude Arpi The first part of this paper concluded with this question: can the borders be softened again? Can the age-old relation between the Tibetans and the Himalayans be revived? The process has started, though it is slow. This paper will look at the gains acquired from the reopening of the three land ports, but also at the difficulties to return to the booming trade which existed between Tibet and India before the invasion of Tibet in 1950 and to a certain extent till the Indo-China war of 1962. It will also examine the possibility to reopen more land ports in the future, mainly in Ladakh (Demchok) and Arunachal Pradesh. Tibet’s Economic Figures for 2012 According to a Chinese official website, the Tibetan Autonomous Region is economically doing extremely well. Here are some ‘official’ figures: • Tibet's GDP reached 11.3 billion US $ in 2012, an increase of 12 % compared to the previous year (Tibet's GDP was 9.75 billion US $ in 2011 and 8.75 billion US $ in 2010). • Tibet's economy has maintained double-digit growth for 20 consecutive years. • Fixed asset investment have increased by 20.1 % • The tax revenues reached 2.26 billion US $ (fiscal revenue grew by 46%) • And Tibet received over 11 million domestic and foreign tourists earning 2.13 billion US $ Tibet’s Foreign Trade Figures for 2012 The foreign trade is doing particularly well. On January 23, 2013, Xinhua announced that Tibet has registered new records in foreign trade. A Chinese government agency reported that the foreign trade of the Tibetan Autonomous Region reached more than 3 billion U.S. -
Sino-Indian Border Trade: the Promise of Jelep La
No. 24No. 45 May 2017 December 2014 Sino-Indian Border Trade: The Promise of Jelep La Diki Sherpa Research Assistant, Institute of Chinese Studies, Delhi [email protected] trade or an instance of trade diplomacy A decade has elapsed since the re-initiation towards India. of the border trade between India and China through Nathu La, though the Indian side This paper first, seeks to highlight the remains undecided on many fronts. Among possible reasons for the trade gap between others, one of the most crucial is the lack of India and China through Nathu La. Second, willingness for infrastructural development considering India’s comparative advantage against China’s agility for road-building. and potential through this sector, it suggests Notwithstanding, trade balance through re-opening of Jelep La as a viable option for Nathu La has continued to be in favour of further enhancing bilateral trade. The India. This is in stark contrast to the steep historical significance of Jelep La from imbalance that India suffers with China Kalimpong in North Bengal suggests the through other Indian border posts, such as vibrancy of this route and that the Lipu Lekh and Shipki La in Uttarakhand and topography facilitates smooth access to Himachal Pradesh. Interestingly, the relative Tibet. Further, it can act as a potent force for trade imbalance that exists through Nathu La bridging the spatial differences, promoting does not seem to be of much concern to mutual cooperation and fostering healthy China, so far. The lack of Chinese protest interdependence between the two here raises the question of whether this neighbouring countries. -
Historical Places
Where to Next? Explore Jammu Kashmir And Ladakh By :- Vastav Sharma&Nikhil Padha (co-editors) Magazine Description Category : Travel Language: English Frequency: Twice in a Year Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh Unlimited is the perfect potrait of the most beautiful place of the world Jammu, Kashmir&Ladakh. It is for Travelers, Tourism Entrepreneurs, Proffessionals as well as those who dream to travel Jammu,Kashmir&Ladakh and have mid full of doubts. This is a new kind of travel publication which trying to promoting the J&K as well as Ladakh tourism industry and remove the fake potrait from the minds of people which made by media for Jammu,Kashmir&Ladakh. Jammu Kashmir and ladakh Unlimited is a masterpiece, Which is the hardwork of leading Travel writters, Travel Photographer and the team. This magazine has covered almost every tourist and pilgrimage sites of Jammu Kashmir & Ladakh ( their stories, history and facts.) Note:- This Magazine is only for knowledge based and fact based magazine which work as a tourist guide. For any kind of credits which we didn’t mentioned can claim for credits through the editors and we will provide credits with description of the relevent material in our next magazine and edit this one too if possible on our behalf. Reviews “Kashmir is a palce where not even words, even your emotions fail to describe its scenic beauty. (Name of Magazine) is a brilliant guide for travellers and explore to know more about the crown of India.” Moohammed Hatim Sadriwala(Poet, Storyteller, Youtuber) “A great magazine with a lot of information, facts and ideas to do at these beautiful places.” Izdihar Jamil(Bestselling Author Ted Speaker) “It is lovely and I wish you the very best for the initiative” Pritika Kumar(Advocate, Author) “Reading this magazine is a peace in itself. -
Defence Committee
10 STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2020-21) (SEVENTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE [Action Taken by the Government on the Observations / Recommendations contained in the Fiftieth Report (16th Lok Sabha) on ‘Provision of all weather road connectivity under Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and other agencies up to International borders as well as the strategic areas including approach roads- An appraisal’] TENTH REPORT LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI February, 2021/ Magha, 1942 (Saka) ( i ) TENTH REPORT STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2020-21) (SEVENTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE [Action taken by the Government on the Observations / Recommendations contained in the Fiftieth Report (16th Lok Sabha) on ‘Provision of all weather road connectivity under Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and other agencies up to International borders as well as the strategic areas including approach roads- An appraisal’] Presented to Lok Sabha on 12.02.2021 Laid in Rajya Sabha on 12.02.2021 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI February, 2021/ Magha, 1942 (Saka) ( ii ) CONTENTS PAGE COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE (2020-21).……………………….....…..... (iv) INTRODUCTION ..…………………………………………………….….…............... (v) CHAPTER I Report………………………………………………………………….. 1 CHAPTER II a) Recommendations/Observations which have been accepted by the Government …………………………………. 15 b) Recommendations/Observations which have been accepted by the Government and commented upon................ 24 CHAPTER III Recommendations/Observations which the Committee do not desire to pursue in view of the replies received from the Government …………………………………………………… 27 CHAPTER IV Recommendations/Observations in respect of which replies of Government have not been accepted by the Committee which require reiteration and commented upon ………………….… 28 CHAPTER V Recommendations/Observations in respect of which Government have furnished interim replies/replies awaited……………………….......................................................... -
OU1901 092-099 Feature Cycling Ladakh
Cycling Ladakh Catching breath on the road to Rangdum monastery PICTURE CREDIT: Stanzin Jigmet/Pixel Challenger Breaking the There's much more to Kate Leeming's pre- Antarctic expeditions than preparation. Her journey in the Indian Himalaya was equally about changing peoples' lives. WORDS Kate Leeming 92 93 Cycling Ladakh A spectacular stream that eventually flows into the Suru River, on the 4,000m plains near Rangdum nergy was draining from my legs. My heart pounded hard and fast, trying to replenish my oxygen deficit. I gulped as much of the rarified air as I could, without great success; at 4,100m, the atmospheric oxygen is at just 11.5 per cent, compared to 20.9 per cent at sea level. As I continued to ascend towards the snow-capped peaks around Sirsir La pass, the temperature plummeted and my body, drenched in a lather of perspiration, Estarted to get cold, further sapping my energy stores. Sirsir La, at 4,828m, is a few metres higher than Europe’s Mont Blanc, and I was just over half way up the continuous 1,670m ascent to get there. This physiological response may have been a reality check, but it was no surprise. The ride to the remote village of Photoksar on the third day of my altitude cycling expedition in the Indian Himalaya had always loomed as an enormous challenge, and I was not yet fully acclimatised. I drew on experience to pace myself: keeping the pedals spinning in a low gear, trying to relax as much as possible and avoiding unnecessary exertion. -
General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 14 Points of Jinnah (March 9, 1929) Phase “II” of CDM
General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 1 www.teachersadda.com | www.sscadda.com | www.careerpower.in | Adda247 App General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 Contents General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................ 3 Indian Polity for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .................................................................................................. 3 Indian Economy for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ........................................................................................... 22 Geography for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .................................................................................................. 23 Ancient History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................................ 41 Medieval History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .......................................................................................... 48 Modern History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................................ 58 Physics for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .........................................................................................................73 Chemistry for AFCAT II 2021 Exam.................................................................................................... 91 Biology for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ....................................................................................................... 98 Static GK for IAF AFCAT II 2021 ...................................................................................................... -
Journey to Southern Zanskar Trekking -NEC Travels and Tours
Journey to Southern Zanskar Trekking https://www.nectravels.com/package/journey-to-southern-zanskar/ Trekking is a popular adventure sport in India and has attracted many enthusiasts across the nation and the globe. India is home to some of the most dangerous and challenging mountainous terrains and valleys which are full of scenic and ethereal beauty. These mountain ranges are hotspots for trekking expeditions providing the chills and frills of an adventurous journey. Unmatched in their flora and fauna these high altitude terrains are worth visiting at least once in a life time. People who love to experience strenuous ventures and unexplored territories must try out exploring the Ladakh region situated in the North-Easter region of Jammu and Kashmir. Zanskar is an inviting mountaineering destination that will not only test your physical and mental limits but it is also an opportunity to tread in to the serene uncharted territories, places where very few men have set foot and also a chance to conquer the massive mountains by scaling high altitude peaks. Southern Zanskar with its vivid ecology, cascading waterfalls, silent valleys, clear rivers and snow covered peaks guarantees to be one of your finest trekking experiences. Zanskar is located in the eastern part of Jammu and Kashmir along the banks of the river Zanskar at an average altitude of 3500m-7000m. Its geography is scattered with passes and valleys like the Shingo la which locals say is one of the most thankless and sordid routes with no natural grandeur. In the north eastern part of Zanskar lies the Zanskar mountain range where a variety of wildlife like the snow leopard, bear, white yak, ibex etc are in abundance. -
1 Jonathan Demenge
Jonathan Demenge (IDS, Brighton) In the Shadow of Zanskar: The Life of a Nepali Migrant Published in Ladakh Studies, July 2009 This article is a tribute to Thinle, a Nepali worker who died last September (2008) in Chilling. He was a driller working on the construction of the road between Nimu and Padum, along the Zanskar River. Like most other similar stories, the story of Thinle could have remained undocumented, mainly because migrants’ presence in Ladakh remains widely unstudied. The story of Thinle has a lot to tell about the living conditions of migrants who build the roads in Ladakh, their relationship to the environment – physical and imagined – and their relationship to danger. Starting from the biography of a man and his family, I attempt to understand the larger social matrix in which this history is embedded. Using the concept of structural violence (Galtung 1969; Farmer 1997; 2004) I try to shed light on the wider socio-political forces at work in this tragedy. At the same time I point to a striking reality: despite the long and important presence of working migrants in Ladakh, they remain unstudied. In spite of their substantial contribution to Ladakh’s history and development, both literally and figuratively, in the field and in the literature, migrants remain at the margin, or in the shade. The life of Thinle Sherpa I started researching road construction and road workers in Ladakh about three years ago. Thinle was one of the workers I learnt to know while I was conducting fieldwork in Chilling. Thinle and his family were very engaging people, and those who met them will surely remember them. -
(A) Revised Fee Structure Is Applicable for the Climbing Season 2020 Only
ANNEXURE REDUCTION/DISCOUNTS ON PEAK FEE TO OTHERS FOR LESS CLIMBED PEAKS Height of Peak Existing Peak Fee ProposeD peak Fee for the Climbing Season 2020 Below 6500 M (1) US$ 500 for party of two 1) US$ 250 for party of two members. members. (List of peaks attacheD AppenDix “A”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members twelve, US$ 225 each. upto twelve, US$ 110 each. 6501 M to 7000 M (1) US$ 700 for party of two (1) US$ 350 for party of two members. members. (List of Peaks attacheD AppenDix “B”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 325 each. twelve, US$ 165 each. 7001 M anD above (1) US$ 1000 for party of two (1) US$ 500 for party of two members. members. (List of Peaks attacheD AppenDix “C”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 450 each. twelve, US$ 225 each. Trekking Peaks (List of (1) US$ 100 for party of two (1) US$ 100 for party of two peak AppenDix “D”) members. members. (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 50 each twelve, US$ 50 each Note : (a) Revised fee structure is applicable for the climbing season 2020 only. (b) There is no change in other terms and conditions applicable. Appendix “A” PEAKS BELOW 6500 M IN OPEN AREA J&K S.NO. Name of peak Height Longitude Latitude Remarks 1. Bobang 5971 M 76° 08’ 33° 25’ Leh-Harpass-Kijai Nala- Nagdal Lake-C-I-CII Summit Attempt 2. -
2Nd Week Oct 2020
PRE-Mix (Compilations of the Multiple Choice Questions) For the 2nd Week Of October 2020 (12th October to 17th October) Visit our website www.sleepyclasses.com or our YouTube channel for entire GS Course FREE of cost Also Available: Prelims Crash Course || Prelims Test Series T.me/SleepyClasses Table of Contents 1. Geography ...........................................................................................................1 2. Polity .....................................................................................................................3 3. Economy ..............................................................................................................5 4. Environment .......................................................................................................9 5. Science & Technology .....................................................................................12 www.sleepyclasses.com Call 6280133177 T.me/SleepyClasses 1. Geography Click here to watch the following questions on YouTube 1. Which of the following statements with respect to Kaveri River are correct? 1. It flows through the states of Karnataka and Telangana. 2. It is the basis for the Ranganthittu Bird Sanctuary. 3. The Stanley water reservoir has been built over it 4. The water of the river is shared between Karnataka, Kerala, Puducherry and Tamil Nadu. A. 1 and 2 only B. 1, 2 and 3 only C. 2, 3 and 4 only D. 1, 2 ,3 and 4 Answer: C 2. Identify the correct statements regarding coral reefs? 1. Corals are in fact animals, not plants. 2. Coral reefs are the largest structures on earth of biological origin. 3. Coral reefs are naturally colorful because of algae, which lives inside of the coral, providing them with food. 4. The three main types of coral reefs are fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and coral atolls. A. 1,2 and 3 only B. 1,3 and 4 only C. 2,3 and 4 only D. 1,2,3 and 4 Answer: D 3. Which of the following statements regarding Atal tunnel are correct? 1. -
Iasbaba 60 Day Plan 2020 –Geography
IASBABA 60 DAY PLAN 2020 –GEOGRAPHY 60 DAYS PROGRAMME-2020 IASBABA IASBABA 60 DAY PLAN 2020 –GEOGRAPHY Q.1) With respect to the seismic waves consider the Following statements: 1. Primary waves travel to and fro in the line of propaGation and travel only in liquid medium 2. Secondary waves travel perpendicular to the line of propagation and they travel both in solid and liquid medium. Which amongst the above statements is /are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.1) Solution (d) Basic InFormation: • Seismic waves are waves of enerGy that travel throuGh the Earth's layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, maGma movement, larGe landslides and larGe man-made explosions that Give out low-frequency acoustic energy. • The place of occurrence of an earthquake is called ‘focus’ and the place which experiences the seismic event first is called ‘epicenter’. • Epicenter is located on the earth’s surface and focus is always inside the earth. • The propaGation velocity of seismic waves depends on density and elasticity of the medium as well as the type of wave. Velocity tends to increase with depth throuGh Earth's crust and mantle, but drops sharply GoinG from the mantle to the outer core. • Seismic waves are Generally divided into 1. Primary waves, 2. Secondary waves and 3. Surface waves. Primary waves: • They are called lonGitudinal waves or compressional waves and are analoGous to sound waves where particles move to and fro in the line of propaGation. • They travel both in solid and liquid medium.