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Impact of Climatic Change on Agro-Ecological Zones of the Suru-Zanskar Valley, Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India
Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment Vol. 3(13), pp. 424-440, 12 November, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JENE ISSN 2006 - 9847©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Impact of climatic change on agro-ecological zones of the Suru-Zanskar valley, Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India R. K. Raina and M. N. Koul* Department of Geography, University of Jammu, India. Accepted 29 September, 2011 An attempt was made to divide the Suru-Zanskar Valley of Ladakh division into agro-ecological zones in order to have an understanding of the cropping system that may be suitably adopted in such a high altitude region. For delineation of the Suru-Zanskar valley into agro-ecological zones bio-physical attributes of land such as elevation, climate, moisture adequacy index, soil texture, soil temperature, soil water holding capacity, slope, vegetation and agricultural productivity have been taken into consideration. The agricultural productivity of the valley has been worked out according to Bhatia’s (1967) productivity method and moisture adequacy index has been estimated on the basis of Subrmmanyam’s (1963) model. The land use zone map has been superimposed on moisture adequacy index, soil texture and soil temperature, soil water holding capacity, slope, vegetation and agricultural productivity zones to carve out different agro-ecological boundaries. The five agro-ecological zones were obtained. Key words: Agro-ecology, Suru-Zanskar, climatic water balance, moisture index. INTRODUCTION Mountain ecosystems of the world in general and India in degree of biodiversity in the mountains. particular face a grim reality of geopolitical, biophysical Inaccessibility, fragility, diversity, niche and human and socio economic marginality. -
The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications
The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications By Name: Syeda Batool National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad April 2019 1 The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications by Name: Syeda Batool M.Phil Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, 2019 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY in PAKISTAN STUDIES To FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN STUDIES National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad April 2019 @Syeda Batool, April 2019 2 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES THESIS/DISSERTATION AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read the following thesis, examined the defense, are satisfied with the overall exam performance, and recommend the thesis to the Faculty of Social Sciences for acceptance: Thesis/ Dissertation Title: The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications Submitted By: Syed Batool Registration #: 1095-Mphil/PS/F15 Name of Student Master of Philosophy in Pakistan Studies Degree Name in Full (e.g Master of Philosophy, Doctor of Philosophy) Degree Name in Full Pakistan Studies Name of Discipline Dr. Fazal Rabbi ______________________________ Name of Research Supervisor Signature of Research Supervisor Prof. Dr. Shahid Siddiqui ______________________________ Signature of Dean (FSS) Name of Dean (FSS) Brig Muhammad Ibrahim ______________________________ Name of Director General Signature of -
Download Deployment Map.Pdf
73o 74o 75o 76o 77o 78o Mintaka 37o AFGHANISTAN Pass 37o --- - UNMOGIP Darkot Khunjerab Pass Pass DEPLOYMENT - Thui- An Pass Batura- Glacier UN HQ / Rear HQ Chumar Khan- Baltit UN field station Pass Shandur- Hispar Glacier Pass 36o 36o Jammu Chogo Mt. Godwin CHINA Lungma Austin (K2) Gilgit Biafo 8611m Glacier Glacier Dadarili Baltoro Glacier Pass Karakoram Pass Sia La - Chilas Bilafond La Siachen Nanga Astor Glacier Parbat -- 8126m Skardu PAKISTAN Goma Babusar-- 35o Pass and 35o NJ 980420 X Kel ONTR C O F L LINE O - s a r Kargil D Tarbela Muzaffarabad- Tithwal- Wular Zoji La Dras- Reservoir Sopur Lake Pass Domel J h Jhe ---- e am Baramulla a m Z - Leh Tarbela A Dam Uri Srinagar- N Chakothi Kashmir S o o 34 K - 34 Haji-- Pir A - R Rawalakot Pass P - - - i- Karu Campbellpore Islamabad r M - O Titrinot P Vale of Anantnag Islamabad--- Poonch U a Kashmir N Mendhar n T Rawalpindi- Kotli j - A a- Banihal I ch l Pass N - n u R S P Rajouri C a n hen - Mangla g e ab Reservoir Naushahra- - Mangla Dam New Mirpur- Riasi 33o Munawwarwali- 33o - Jhelum Tawi Bhimber Chhamb Udhampur Akhnur- NW 605550 X International boundary Jammu INDIA - b Provincial boundary - na Gujrat he C - National capital Sialkot- Samba City, town or village Major road Kathua Line of Control as promulgated in the Lesser road 1972 SIMLA Agreement -- vi Airport Gujranwala Ra Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. 32o The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not been agreed 32o 0 25 50 75 km upon by the parties. -
Demilitarization of the Siachen Conflict Zone: Concepts for Implementation and Monitoring
SANDIA REPORT SAND2007-5670 Unlimited Release Printed September 2007 Demilitarization of the Siachen Conflict Zone: Concepts for Implementation and Monitoring Brigadier (ret.) Asad Hakeem Pakistan Army Brigadier (ret.) Gurmeet Kanwal Indian Army with Michael Vannoni and Gaurav Rajen Sandia National Laboratories Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors. Printed in the United States of America. -
(A) Revised Fee Structure Is Applicable for the Climbing Season 2020 Only
ANNEXURE REDUCTION/DISCOUNTS ON PEAK FEE TO OTHERS FOR LESS CLIMBED PEAKS Height of Peak Existing Peak Fee ProposeD peak Fee for the Climbing Season 2020 Below 6500 M (1) US$ 500 for party of two 1) US$ 250 for party of two members. members. (List of peaks attacheD AppenDix “A”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members twelve, US$ 225 each. upto twelve, US$ 110 each. 6501 M to 7000 M (1) US$ 700 for party of two (1) US$ 350 for party of two members. members. (List of Peaks attacheD AppenDix “B”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 325 each. twelve, US$ 165 each. 7001 M anD above (1) US$ 1000 for party of two (1) US$ 500 for party of two members. members. (List of Peaks attacheD AppenDix “C”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 450 each. twelve, US$ 225 each. Trekking Peaks (List of (1) US$ 100 for party of two (1) US$ 100 for party of two peak AppenDix “D”) members. members. (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 50 each twelve, US$ 50 each Note : (a) Revised fee structure is applicable for the climbing season 2020 only. (b) There is no change in other terms and conditions applicable. Appendix “A” PEAKS BELOW 6500 M IN OPEN AREA J&K S.NO. Name of peak Height Longitude Latitude Remarks 1. Bobang 5971 M 76° 08’ 33° 25’ Leh-Harpass-Kijai Nala- Nagdal Lake-C-I-CII Summit Attempt 2. -
Demilitarization of Siachen Glacier and Its Implications on the Defence Budget of Pakistan
Journal of Politics and International Studies Vol. 2, No. 1, January –June 2016, pp. 01– 12 Demilitarization of Siachen Glacier and Its Implications on the Defence Budget of Pakistan Sanam Ahmed Khawaja PhD Scholar Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore ABSTRACT This research paper focuses on demilitarization of Siachen Glacier and its implications on the defence budget of Pakistan. The government of India and Pakistan are hiking the defence budget to an extreme and in particular for Siachen that consequently it reveals that the glacier of Siachen retain massive geo- strategic significance for both the states. The data has been collected from primary and secondary sources. Moreover theory of disarmament has been adopted by the researcher in relation to Siachen conflict. An interview was conducted from military personnel to get aware of military’s stance with reference to Siachen Glacier. Thus it has been concluded that mutually both the states ought to look for an amicable solution as regard to glacier’s demilitarization furthermore generate a balance between defence and other main sectors so they might not face any negligence. Keywords: Budget of Pakistan, Siachen Glacier, Demilitarization Introduction Geographical Location of the Glacier Siachen Glacier said to be as the “world’s highest battlefield” is ranked as the second longest non- polar glacier after the Fedchenko Glacier in the Pamir which is 77km long. The 70km long glacier of Siachen is located in the Eastern Karakoram Range and width of it lies in between 2 to 8 km and total area is less than 1,000sq km. -
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Purik Purik is a phonologically archaic variety of Tibetan spoken in Kargil, a district of Jammu and Kashmir in the northwestern part of India.1 Its center, Kargil, is situated between Leh (Ladakh) in the east, Padum (Zangskar) in the south- east, Srinagar (Kashmir) in the west and Skardo (Baltistan, Pakistan) in the north, one day’s journey away from each of these four places. Still today, people travelling between the first three of them must pass through and generally stay overnight in Kargil.2 At the same time, the town of Kargil is also an important hub for the people living in the surrounding valleys. After briefly enlarging on the area in which Purik Tibetan is spoken (1.1), two subvarieties are distinguished from the main focus of this book in 1.2. Section 1.3 discusses the languages with which Purik has had contact. In 1.4 of this introduction, I propose that there was an early split of Tibetan into an Eastern and a Western branch, and that Purik along with most of Central and Western Tibetan derives from the Western branch. Section 1.5 briefly identifies previous linguistic research on Purik, and 1.6 discusses the data on which this book is based. After pointing out the importance of context in both construal and analysis of utterances in 1.7, section 1.8 sketches the method of function- al reconstruction which was persistently employed in making this book. The morphemes with the most strikingly divergent functions are used to illustrate this method. -
Shegerti I Magjistarit
EVALD FLISAR SHEGERTI I MAGJISTARIT 1 Përktheu: Valdet FETAHU E drejta e përkthimit i përkasin përkthyesit Ky libër editohet ne këtë faqe me autorizimin e përkthyesit të tij Tituli i origjinalit: “Čarovnikov vajenec” Botuar: EVALD FLISAR 1986 2 PARATHËNJE Bestseler fascinant dhe dinamik i cili flet përi kërkimin e të së vërtetës me ndihmen e tantrës seksuale të shkrimtarit ndërkombëtarisht të njohur Evald Flisar. Me ikje nga monotonia dhe skizofrenia e botës perëndimore moderne në urtësine e guru-së Jogananda të cilin personazhi kryesor e takon gjatë udhëtimit të tij dramatik nëpër Zanskar(Himalaje)si dhe paraqitja teorike dhe praktike në inicimin e kultit të svastikës grremçmajtë – mësimet e tantrës seksuale të fshehura nëpër lamaserit e Tibetit. Roman të cilin do ta lexoni me nje frymë. Për të parën herë është botuar në vitin 1986, e deri me tani është ribotuar gjashtë herë. 3 “I marri i cili ia del në marrëzinë e tij do të bëhet urtar”. Viljen Blejk 4 “Ti më kërkon, e unë të gjej.” 1 Në fund të grykëmalit, Aliu ma tregoi njërën nga urat e akullta me të cilat Kashmiri është i njohur. Çdo dimër bora i mbulon luginat dhe shtretërit e lumenjëve dhe kur në sipërfaqe lumenjët ngrihen, uji kalimin e gropon nëpër thellësi, kështu që rrjedhë i pavërejtur, i pazhurmëshëm, derisa në sipërfaqe nëpër borë mund të ecësh nga njëra anë në tjetrën. Në pranverën e vonë, kur bora fillon të shkrihet, depërtimi i ujitë bëhet shumë më i madhë e ura e akulltë e cila është mbi të, bëhet gjithnjë e më e hollë. -
Ladakh Studies 11
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR LADAKH STUDIES LADAKH STUDIES _ 11 Spring 1999 CONTENTS Page: Editorial 2 News from the Association: From the Hon. Sec. 3 News from Ladakh: 6 Sonam Wangyal Passed Away PM Visits Leh Heavy Snowfall Causes Havoc in Changthang Spituk Monastery Collapsing LAHDC Boycotts Republic Day Function Threats to Revive UT Agitation Obituary: Sonam Wangyal — Kristoffer Brix Bertelsen & Martijn van Beek 13 Articles: From Skardu to Yarkand — Rohit Vohra 14 The Farm Project: Learning from the Villagers — Robert Cook 23 Virtual Ladakh 2 — Michael Khoo 26 Conference Reports: Bloomington, Meudon, Madison 28 Ninth Colloquium Information 38 Dissertation Abstract: Kim Gutschow 42 Book reviews: High Peaks, Pure Earth, Hugh E. Richardson – John Bray 43 Transformation of Social and Economic Relationships in Northern Pakistan, Stellrecht and Bohle (eds.) – Martijn van Beek 44 Book announcement 45 Bray’s Bibliography Update no. 8 46 Production: Repro Afdeling, Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University Layout: MvB Support: Department of Ethnography and Social Anthropology, Aarhus University. 1 EDITORIAL Preparations are under way for the ninth IALS colloquium. As announced in the previous issue of Ladakh Studies, the continuing difficult situation in Kargil forced a shift of venue to Leh. Details regarding the conference, as far as they are available at this time, are provided elsewhere in this issue. Most importantly, however, members based outside of Ladakh should begin making their travel arrangements in good time. The colloquium will be held at the very end of August, just prior to the Ladakh Festival, and this means that there will be many other people trying to get in and out of Leh. -
The Eastern Karakoram
33 The Eastern Karakoram Harish Kapadia Plates 2-10 The early explorers knew no boundaries except those of mountain ranges but present day mountaineers and explorers have to respect political boundaries and territorial regulations. Only since 1984 have all the ranges of the E Karakoram been opened to climbers by the Indian Government. At first while planning for the Siachen Indo-British Expedition 1985 to the Terong valley, one felt that the area was not frequented, remote; that information was scarce and approach difficult. However, upon a little research it was found that more than 40 parties had visited the area. Information and various references were scattered over a large number of books and journals. The Karakoram has many opportunities for climbing and exploration and it is bound to receive many mountaineering parties in the future. In early days, caravans from Srinagar to the Siachen snout took nearly 50 days; now it would be but five! The E Karakoram consists of the Siachen Muztagh, the Rimo Muztagh, and the Saser Muztagh as a sub-group of the Great Karakoram. I All these groups consist of various sub-groups and peaks as classified in the Karakoram Conference report of 1936. Out of these the Siachen Muztagh was explored thoroughly, while the Rimo Muztagh and Saser Muztagh received a few parties. The Siachen Muztagh The peaks surrounding the Siachen glacier form this group. In 1821, W Moorcroft passed near its snout and first acknowledged its existence. 2 In 1835 GT Vigne approached it from the west trying to reach the Bilafond la, but he never guessed the existence of such a large glacier across the divide. -
An Invitation to Zanskar We Could Soak up the Scenery and See That We Were Higher Than Any of the Other Peaks in This Area
14 T h e A l p i n e J o u r n A l 2 0 1 4 ‘And what a summit it was. .’ Fowler and Ramsden triumphant. DEREK BUCKLE An Invitation to Zanskar we could soak up the scenery and see that we were higher than any of the other peaks in this area. It felt a great privilege to be able to make the first ascent of a mountain like this. We loitered for 30 minutes taking photographs, gener- ally revelling in the achievement of something we’d dreamed about for many months. The weather stayed fair, the descent was pleas- ingly uneventful and seven days after setting out we were back at base Tributary glacier 1 and the north face of Z8. (Derek Buckle) camp. Mike and Rob had enjoyed their exploratory trip to the upper glacier and Pritam had prepared a Kishtwar Kailash success cake. Relaxing felt he decision to return to India in the autumn of 2013 was made much particularly good and the enduring retrospective pleasure that goes with Ttoo late for us to apply for grant applications since it was April before Himalayan success was beginning to flow – long may the exciting peaks of we had really got the makings of an expedition together. Eventually four Kishtwar be accessible for mountaineering. of us committed to the trip: Mike Pinney, Chris Storie, Tony Westcott Next day our perfectly timed weather window closed and snow came and me – all seasoned Alpine Club members, some would say. The next to base camp. The mules arrived as planned and it was time to go home. -
MELTING MOUNTAINS Sukeshi Sheth
Volume-17, October 2009 Events ~ AUGUST GATHERING IN LEH Jasmine Hegde In the month of August, Motup Chewang, the local secretary of the Leh section of the Himalayan Club organised a grand celebration, “The Leh Conference” which was sponsored by Rimo Expeditions. The event included a series of lectures on topics including environmental conservation, ecology, high altitude acclimatisation, mountain cultures and the Siachen glacier. Eminent mountaineers, scientists, environmentalists and ecologists participated, suggesting strategies to save the heritage of the Himalaya and address issues related to global warming. The Hon. Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Mr. Omar Abdullah, inaugurated the seminar and released three publications on the subject of acclimatisation and precautions to be taken at high altitudes. These included ‘Healthy in the High Himalaya’ (for trekkers and climbers), ‘Stay Healthy at High Altitude’ (for tourists) and a CD, ‘Handbook of High Altitude Medicine’ that will be distributed widely. Addressing the function, Omar Abdullah said, “We have to look for ways to safeguard the green hwealt of the State by all means. Our water bodies, glaciers, forests, fauna and flora are under constant threat by our own uncalled‐for interference with nature. If this trend is not reversed the life process on our blue planet will come to a standstill”. He praised the Himalayan Club for organising this seminar and underscored the need of such seminars and workshops regularly across the State and also saw the film ‘Himalayan Club at 80’. The Minister for Tourism, Nawang Rigzin Jora, the Chairman, LAHDC, Leh, Chering Dorje, the MOS, Tourism, Aslam Wani, Political Advisor to Chief Minister, Devender Singh Rana, the Executive Councilors of LAHDC, former Union Minister, P.