The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Abbay Basin Authority

Wetlands Ecosystems Coverage,Status and Threats in the Abbay River Basin

Conducted By: Getnet Hunegnaw Habib Mengesha Alemante Aimro Biazin Ferede Abbay Basin Authority December, 2013

Table of Contents Table of Contents ...... ii List of Figures ...... iv List of Tables ...... v Acronyms ...... vi Abstract ...... vii Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Objectives of the assessment ...... 3 1.3 Scope of the assessment ...... 3 2. Literature Review ...... 4 2.1 Wetlands in the world ...... 4 2.2 Wetlands in Ethiopia ...... 6 2.3 Wetlands in the Abbay Basin ...... 8 2.4 Classification of wetlands ...... 10 2.5 Functions of wetlands ...... 12 2.5.1 Wetland economic values ...... 13 3. Methodology ...... 15 3.1 Description of Assessment Areas ...... 15 3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods ...... 17 4. Findings of the Assessment and Discussion ...... 17 4.1 Wetlands Distribution in the Abbay Basin ...... 17 4.2 Uses of wetlands in the Abbay River Basin ...... 23 4.2.1 Fisheries ...... 24 4.2.2 Food supply ...... 25 4.2.4 Material supply ...... 26 4.2.5 Water supply ...... 27 4.2.6 Urban wastewater and Surface runoff treatment ...... 28 4.3 Bird Species Diversity ...... 28 4.4 Plant Species Diversity ...... 29

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4.5 Current wetlandmanagementsystems……………………………………………….30 4.6 Threats of Wetlands ...... 30 4.7 Legal Frameworks ...... 31 4.8 Strategic issues for future wetland management ...... 32 5. Conclusion and Recommendations ...... 33 5.1 Conclusion ...... 33 5.2 Recommendations ...... 35 References ...... 37 Annexes ...... 41 Annex I. Assessment Questionnaires ...... 41 Annex II. Bird Species ...... 45 Annex III. Plant Species ...... 46 Annex IV. Wild Animals ...... 49 Annex V. Reptiles ...... 49 Annex VI. Fishes ...... 49 Annex VII. Lists of wetlands found in the Tana sub basin ...... 50 Annex VIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Debub Gojjam sub basin ...... 59 Annex IX. Lists of wetlands found in the Fincha sub basin ...... 74 Annex X. Lists of wetlands found in the Beles sub basin ...... 82 Annex XI. Lists of wetlands found in the DiDessa sub basin ...... 84 Annex XII. Lists of wetlands found in the Dabus sub basin ...... 84 Annex XIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin ...... 85 Annex XIV. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin ...... 85 Annex XV. Lists of wetlands found in North Gojjam sub basin ...... 85

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List of Figures

Figure 2 1 Wetalds distribution around Lake Tana ...... 9

Figure 3. 1 Assessment Study areas ...... 16

Figure 4. 1 Wetland distributions in Tana sub basin at wereda level ...... 19 Figure 4. 2 Wetland distributions in Debub Gojjam sub basin at wereda level ...... 20 Figure 4. 3 Wetland distributions in Fincha sub basin at wereda level ...... 20 Figure 4. 4 Wetland distributions in Dabus sub basin at wereda level ...... 21 Figure 4. 5 Wetland distributions in Didessa sub basin at wereda level ...... 21 Figure 4. 6 Wetland distributions in Muger sub basin at wereda level ...... 22 Figure 4. 7 Wetland distributions in Welaka sub basin at wereda level ...... 22 Figure 4. 8 Wetland distributions in Beshilo sub basin at wereda level ...... 23 Figure 4. 9 Wetland distributions in Jemma sub basin at wereda level ...... 23 Figure 4. 10 Rice cultivation in Fogera swamps ...... 25 Figure 4. 11 Wetlands used for grazing ...... 26 Figure 4. 12 Local boats made from wetland products (Papyrus) in Lake Tana ...... 27 Figure 4. 13 Flock of Eurasian Cranes and other large waterbirds, Fogera Plain, ...... 29 Figure 4. 14 Nymphaea sp. and sedges along roadside wetlands in Fogera Plain ...... 30

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List of Tables

Table 2. 1 Wetland types ...... 6

Table 2. 2 Wetland distribution by region in Ethiopia ...... 7

Table 2. 3 Wetland goods and services, intrinsic attributes and ecological functions .... 14

Table 4. 1 Typical loss of wetland areas in Tana Sub- basin ...... 31

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Acronyms

ABA Abbay Basin Authority BCM Billion Cubic Meter BoEPLAU Bureau of Environmental Protection Land Administration and Use CBOs Community Based Organizations EPA Environmental Protection Authority EWNRA Ethiopian Wetlands and natural resources Association EWRP Ethiopian Wetland Research Programme FAO Food and Agriculture organization FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia GIS Geographical Information System GPS Global Positioning System LUPRD Land use Planning and Regulatory Department MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MW MegaWatt NGOs Non Governmental Organizations SNNPRS Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples‟ Regional State USDA United Nations Department of Agriculture WA Wetland Action

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Abstract

Wetlands are ecosystems or units of the landscape that are found in the interface between land and water. Of the total estimated wetlands area of Ethiopia the Abbay Basin covers about 1.43% wetlands area and are largely found in Tana sub basin at the shore of Lake Tana, Didessa, Fincha sub basin and Dabus sub basins.

Wetland assessment study data was cllected in the Administrative Zones of the Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul Gumuz Regions embraced by the sub basins of Abbay Basin. In all of the assessed sub-basins significant hectares of wetlands are found. Accordingly, the total coverage areas of wetlands in the four sub basins are estimated to be above 188,528 hectares of marshy or swampy areas. Tana and Didesa sub basins are the largest center of wetlands that comprise Fogera and Dembia flood plains in which are the largest wetland areas in Ethiopia. Wetlands of the sub basins are rich in bird, plant and large mammals’ diversity including reptiles. These wetlands are providing services being shelters for indigenous and migratory bird species that come from England and other European countries seasonally to cope up the weather conditions, and wild animals. In addition these, wetlands consist of plant species like papyrus, gicha, filla, sedges…etc.

Wetlands found in the Basin serves the surrounding communities for animal grazing, irrigation, water sources for animal and human consumption, fishing center for the local communities, harvesting place for green grasses-‘Chefe’ for holiday and festival ceremony, sources of hatches for hats, shelter for wild lives and reptiles. Wetlands are the sources of sedges that serve the local community to prepare rain protective material-‘Gessa’ in the rainy season.

The current management of wetlands in the sub basins is poor and even attacked by recession and drain agriculture. Because of the misuse and poor management of wetlands the very crucial biodiversity of wetlands are indangered and no policy formulation and legal frame works enacted for the management and sustainable utilization of wetlands in Federal or Regional governments

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Introduction

1.1 Background

Ethiopia, with its different land formations and climatic conditions, is endowed with considerable water resources and wetland ecosystems, including twelve drainage systems/basins, more than eight major lakes, many swamps, marshes, floodplains, and human made reservoirs. Out of the twelve drainage systems in the country three of them, namely Abbay (Upper part of Blue Nile), Baro-Akobo, and Tekeze, are located within the Nile Basin.

The Abbay Basin having total area coverage of 199,812km2 is the most important river basin in Ethiopia. It accounts for about 20% of Ethiopia land area, 50% of its total average annual run-off, and 25 % of its population (MoWR, 1998). The land cover of the basin includes Afro-Alphine (0.57%), cultivated (34%), forest and plantations (1.4%), bamboo (3.5%), woodland (20.3%), bush and shrub (10.2%), grassland (23.1%), wetland (2.9%), rock (3%) and urban area (0.05%) (MoWR,1998).

Wetlands are ecosystems or units of the landscape that are found in the interface between land and water. While water is a major factor of wetland definition, soils, vegetation and animal life also contribute to their unique characteristics (Rogeri 1995). Over years wetlands were defined in different forms in different parts of the world and more than 50 definitions exist. However, the recent definition provided by the Ramsar Bureau seems to be gaining more acceptance across the globe; the Ramsar Convention under Article 1.1 defines wetlands as: “areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters”. In addition, the convention (Article 2) provides that wetlands: “may incorporate riparian and costal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and

1 islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying within the wetlands” (Ramsar 1971).

In this regard wetlands in the Abbay Basin provide various services and benefits to the wider local community members. They are important natural resources both in terms of their environmental functions and their products, which are used by local communities.

Wetlands in this part of the basin are also considered an important source of medicinal plants, their vegetation is palatable to cattle which are given access to wetlands during the dry season, and critically, communities rely on wetlands for drinking water which is collected from springs around their periphery (Bognetteau et al 2003; Dixon et al 2002; Afework 1998). Wetlands serve as livelihood income bases for the local communities, for example papyrus plant that grows in wetland found around Lake Tana shore is source of livelihood income for the „Negede Weyto‟ communities who made local small boats and household artefacts.

Although, wetlands have a significant economic and environmental value they are under serious threats from human intervention. They are facing serious threats that have resulted in the loss of a number of wetlands and degradation which will lead to further loss of wetlands in the near future. Despite the fact that some efforts being made to address the problems and the threats that wetlands have encountered, the situation needs considerable attention, and commitments from all groups of actors at all levels from the grass roots to decision and policy makers in order to stop and reverse the threats and bring a sustainable solution to the problem.

So, the aim of this assessment report is to assess the existing situation of wetland ecosystems in Tana, Fincha, Debub Gojjam and Beles sub-basins and serve as a spring board for the preparation of strategic plan for wetlands conservation and its sustainable management system in the Abbay River Basin.

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1.2 Objectives of the assessment

The general objective of this study is assessment of the over all status of wetlands that will lead to the preparation of strategic plan for sustainable utilization and management in the Abbay River Basin.

Specific objectives are:-

 To prepare baseline information on total coverage of wetlands area found in the Abbay Basin  To assess the status and usage of wetlands in the basin  To assess the abundance of plants, birds and animals living within the area.  To investigate the threats and opportunities in the management and use of wetlands

1.3 Scope of the assessment

This assessment study is limited only to four sub-basins of the Abbay River Basin mainly targeted in collection of task relevant data from zonal offices and sample woredas in each sub basins based on the information obtained from zonal Agriculture and Environment offices. Therefore the study report mainly focuses on secondary information collected from relevant stakeholders and primary data obtained from the field visits. The primary data collected is limited to marshy and swampy areas only that does not include water bodies.

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2. Literature Review

2.1 Wetlands in the world

Wetlands, are a distinctive group of habitats intermediate between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, have specialized vegetation which copes with the vagaries of fluctuating water tables, the chemical oddities of anaerobic soils and the problems of inundation with saline water. Over years wetlands were defined in different forms in different parts of the world and more than 50 definitions exist. However, the recent definition provided by the Ramsar Bureau is gaining more acceptance worldwide and the Ramsar Convention under Article 1.1 defines wetlands as: “areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters”. In addition, the convention (Article 2) provides that wetlands: “may incorporate riparian and costal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying within the wetlands” (Ramsar 1971).

The extent of the world‟s Wetlands is generally thought to range from 7 to 9 million Km2 or about 4 to 6 % of the land surface of the earth (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2002). However, based on the Russian geographers, it is estimated that more than 6.4% of the land surface of the world, or 8.8% million Km2, is wetland, and almost 56% of this estimated total wetland area is found in tropical (2.6 million Km2) and subtropical (2.1 million Km2) regions. But, a more recent estimate of the world‟s wetlands by the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) cited in (Hayal Desta, 2006) states that 13.7% (18.8 million Km2 ) of the earth‟s surface is wetland.

Wetlands are very important for the multifarious values that they provide free of charge. They constitute a resource of great economic, cultural, scientific and recreational values. They support high level of biological diversity. They are the richest ecosystem next to tropical rainforest on this planet, providing essential life support for much of humanity, as well as for other species. They are described as “the kidney of the

4 landscape” because they function as the downstream receiver of water and waste from both natural and human sources (hydrological and chemical cycles) (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2002). They stabilize water supplies, thus ameliorating both flood and drought, cleanse polluted waters, protect shorelines, and recharge ground water aquifers. They also have been called “biological supermarkets” because of the extensive food chain and rich biodiversity that they support (Afework, 1998). They offer sanctuary to a wide variety of plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and mammals, as well as to millions of both migratory and sedentary water birds. They are being described by carbon dioxide sinks and climate change stabilizers on a global scale (Mitsch and Gosselink), 2002).

Wetlands have long been viewed as dismal, beg-infested areas of nuisance and unsightliness. Rather, they are rich centers of many fauna and flora resources (Hayal Desta, 2006). They are also important sources of water for agriculture, industrial and domestic uses. Wetlands especially river valleys and their associated flood plains have been at the heart of human civilization. Thus, wetland systems have played key role throughout the development and survival of human communities.

Wetlands differ widely due to regional and local variations in soils, landscape (topography), climate, hydrology (water regime), water chemistry, existing vegetation and anthropogenic disturbances. In general, according to (Cowardin et.al.. 1979) cited in (Bacon, 1999), five major wetland system types are recognized: marine, estuarine, lacustrine, riverine and palustrine. Of the global total wetland area estimated, the greatest part is occupied by wetlands in freshwater environments (Table 2.1).

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Table 2. 1 Wetland types

Type Percentage (%) Marine 16.6 saline water Estuarine 9.2 Brakish water Lacustrine 23.8 Freshwater Riverine 15.9 Freshwater Palustrine 30.0 Freshwater Artificial (man made) 10.5 Freshwater Source: Bacon, 1999

Marine (coastal areas) and estuarine (deltas and tidal areas) systems describe coastal, saltwater wetlands, whereas the other three categories represent freshwater systems. Lacustrine wetlands are associated with lakes; riverine wetlands are found along rivers and streams; and palustrine wetlands represent those wetlands that are often referred to as marshes, swamps and bogs, which are characterized by spongy peat deposits, a growth of evergreen trees and shrubs and a floor covered by a thick carpet of Sphagnum moss. According to Hayal Desta, 2006 wetlands can be divided into two types; peat forming (with > 40 cm of accumulated organic matter) and non-peat forming (with < 40 cm of accumulated organic matter). Non-peat forming wetlands are classified as shallow open-water wetlands, marshes and swamps. Peat forming wetlands are subdivided into fens and bogs.

2.2 Wetlands in Ethiopia

The wetlands of Ethiopia represent a significant environment in the country, estimated to cover around 1.5% of total land area (1.43% of it is within the Abbay Basin) (Johnston and McCartney, 2010). Ethiopia is home to all types of wetlands except those associated with coastal wetlands. The wetlands in the country vary in size and type. The types of wetlands that are dominant in one part of the country might be rare in other areas and vice versa. Although the potential of Ethiopia‟s wetland resources is not fully

6 documented; it is known that they represent a significant micro-environment in parts of the country.

According to Hillman (1993) there are about 73 major wetlands in Ethiopia with a total coverage of 13,699 km2. Furthermore, according to the FAO Land Use Map of Ethiopia, produced from air photos from the 1960s and 1970s, and early Landsat data, 0.74% of the country is made up of wetlands. However, this only includes permanent wetlands of the size which can be registered by such remote sensing sources. The report accompanying the map recognizes that the figure is nearer to 2% of its total area ( 22,500 Km2 ) including shallow lakes, small wetlands, peat lands, swamp forests and seasonal wetlands not picked up by these sources (FAO 1984). In addition the data compiled from the Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Project (2002-unpublished) study indicates that the 1.43% of the country is covered by wetlands that include swamps, marshes and water bodies (Table 2.2). The distribution of wetlands varies from one region to the other and Gambella has the highest proportion of wetlands followed by Amhara Regional state whilst Tigray has the lowest proportion of wetlands after Benishangul Gumuz.

Table 2. 2 Wetland distribution by region in Ethiopia Total area Wetlands* Regions (ha) Coverage (ha) % wetlands Gambella 3,203,280 247,556 7.73 Amhara 15,764,744 431,695 2.74 SNNPRS 11,064,200 152,900 1.38 Afar 9,526,567 131,000 1.38 Oromiya 35,961,996 397,853 1.11 Somali 29,151,596 250,612 0.86 Beneshangul Gumuz 5,033,592 22,466 0.45 Tigray 5,085,784 8,053 0.16 Total 114,791,759 1,642,135 1.43 Source: Afework 1998 (cited in Woody Biomass, 2002- unpublished report) *Includes all wetland types including water bodies 7

2.3 Wetlands in the Abbay Basin

The Abbay Basin occupies an area of 199,812 km2 and is located within the Eastern and central part of Ethiopia between latitudes 7o 45‟ and 12o 45‟N and longitude 34o 05‟ to 39o 45‟E. The basin drains towards Sudan on its Western border and shares common boundaries with the Tekeze basin to the North, the Omo Gibe basin to the South, the Awash basin to the East and South-east and the Baro-Akobo to the South-west (FDRE MoWR, 1998). The basin is located within part of each of the Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul-Gumuz Regions.

The basin accounts for about 20% of Ethiopia land area, 50% of its total average annual run-off, and 25 % of its population. It has wetlands area that accounts 2.9% of its area (FDRE MoWR, 1998). Out of the 2.9% the basin wetlands area coverage; water bodies account about 1.7% i.e. 3,415 km2 (equivalent to 341500 ha) and marshy and swampy 2 lands account about 1.2% i.e. 2,384 km (equivalent to 238400 ha) of the Basin area.

Wetlands are much more common in the Amhara region (2.74% of area of which 90% of the wetlands are found within Abbay drainage system (Woody Biomass 2002) than in Oromiya (1.11%) or Benishangul-Gumuz (0.45%) (AMU,2009). Abebe and Geheb (2003) list 73 significant wetland sites nationally. Of these, seven lie within the Abbay Basin (Aloba Lake, Ashenge Lake, Chomen Lake, Fogera Swamps, Tana Lake, Wonchi Lake, Zangana Lake), and there are many other small wetlands within the basin. The main wetland areas within the basin occur around Lake Tana, the Finchaa and Chomen swamps and the large Dabus swamp which is located within the Western Wellega zone of the Oromiya region.

Wetlands are used extensively for a range of purposes including domestic water supply and agriculture (Wood 2001). Because of the importance of livestock in the basin many are used for grazing. In many places grazing strategies follow distinct seasonal and spatial patterns with grazing pressure focused on wetlands during the dry season and in uplands during the rainy season when the wetlands are too wet (Mwendera et al. 1997). Rice farming in swamp areas is practiced South of Gonder in Amhara, on the Fogera

8 floodplain wetlands (around Lake Tana) and also in the Dabus wetland (Gebregziabher 2010).

The wetlands of Amhara region are distributed all over the region, but the largest portion of the wetlands are found in the Abbay Basin drainage system associated with Lake Tana such as Fogera, Dembia, Kunzela flood plains (Figure 2.1), marshes and swamps are dominant within Awi and Western and Eastern Gojjam zones.

Figure 2 1 Wetalds distribution around Lake Tana Source: Amhara National Regional State Bureau of Agriculture, 2001.

Furthermore the Oromiya region, especially that of the upper part of Nile Basin South Western and Eastern areas with a varied landscape and considerable rainfall up to 2,200mm in Illubabor highlands, has varied wetlands from small wetlands scattered all over to larger and bigger wetlands located deep in forested areas. The dominant types found in the region include valley bottom swamps, marshes, floodplains, human made reservoirs mainly Fincha, peat swamps and forested and riverine wetlands. The overall

9 estimate of wetlands within the Western Oromiya Region mainly in the Abbay Basin is estimated up to 1.0% (Afework 2005).

Out of 43 wetlands inventoried in the country by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA 2003) some 19 wetlands (44%) including lakes, swamps, marshes and human made reservoirs are found in the Abbay Basin part of Ethiopia. Although the proportion of wetland area is low, the contribution of wetlands to the livelihood of the community and their ecological significance is much higher than their area coverage.

2.4 Classification of wetlands

Ethiopia as well as the Abbay Basin hosts all types of wetlands that have been classified and listed in different parts of the world except wetlands that are associated with costal zones. However, due to lack of institutional setup and legal frame work within the country there has no systemic classification and inventory of wetlands has been undertaken. There are isolated reports on the location and estimates on the extent of wetlands in different parts of the country. Some researchers and resource managers have tried to list names and location of limited number of wetlands within the country and made rough estimates of their area coverage. Hunghes and Hughes (1992) have made some attempts to group Ethiopian wetlands into ten categories based on their ecological zones and also made their descriptions. On the other hand Leykun Abunie (2003) has made an attempt to classify Ethiopian wetlands into four major categories based on ecological zones, hydrological functions, geomorphologic formations and climatic conditions. He explained that the four categories in which he has classified are linked with the four major biomes, which also describe climatic conditions in Ethiopia. The four wetland biome he tried to identify includes: o The Afro-Tropical wetland system, o Somali-Masai wetland system, o Sudano Guinean wetland system, and o Sahelian Transitional wetland system.

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However, such classification is based on their location and do not take into account the nature of the wetlands itself and lacks to provide proper information for their management.

There are many systems of classifying wetlands followed by various organization and institutions depending on their sources of water and nutrients (river, lake, ground water or rainfall), according to their hydrological regime-e.g. permanently or temporarily flooded, permanently waterlogged, etc and many other classification criteria could be envisaged (such as soil type, vegetation structure, etc.) as well.

Based on a simplified classification version used by the Ramsar Convention one can also classify the wetlands in Ethiopia into three broad classes which include Fresh Water, Salt Water and Human made wetlands.

A) Fresh water wetlands

Most of the wetlands in the country can be classified as fresh water wetlands. This in turn can be classified as riverine wetlands that are associated with presence and flow of rivers, plustraine wetlands that are associated with temporary and permanent freshwater marshes and swamps and lacustrine wetland types that are lakes and wetlands associated with lake systems.

i) Riverine wetland types

Examples of riverine wetland types in Ethiopia are the floodplains of Fogera, Dembia and Kunzela in Amhara Regional State, Beles in Benishangul Gumuz Region, and floodplains of Wabe Shebelle, Genale, Dabus, Geba, Dedessa Rivers in Oromiya Regional State and others.

ii) Plustrine wetland types

The plustraine wetlands are represented by Borkena/Cheffa, Fincha Swamps, Gumero Wetland and others that are numerous in number within Southwest Ethiopian highlands.

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iii) Lacustrine wetland types

There are abundant lacustrine type of wetlands that include lakes of the Rift Valley (Lake Ziway, Langano, Awassa, Shalla, etc), Lake Tana, Lakes of Bishofetu and many crater lakes and the associated wetlands.

B) Salt water wetlands

There are limited salt water wetlands in Ethiopia. The example of salt water wetlands includes wetlands of Dallol Depression in Afar Regional State.

C) Human made wetlands

Human made wetlands includes Koka, Gelgel Gibe, Melka-Wakana, Fincha, Alwero and other hydropower and irrigation dams. Further, municipal and small water reservoirs like dams built for various purposes, aquifers and wells.

2.5 Functions of wetlands

The major functions of wetland ecosystems are water storage, ground water recharge, flood control, shoreline stabilization, and water quality control, moderation of climate and flood regulation. They are also a source of substantial biodiversity and support numerous species from all of the major groups of organisms from microbes to mammals.

The ecological functions of wetland ecosystems in the Abbay Basin are poorly studied and documented. However, the wetland ecosystem in the basin provides many ecological functions which maintain and protect nature and systems which benefit people through services such as maintenance of water quality, flow and storage, flood control, nutrient retention and microclimate stabilization. For example Fincha, Chomen and Lake Tana wetlands support thousands of birds and act as stop-over sites for migratory species, including some globally endangered species. A prime example is the large numbers of Lesser Flamingos are common in these wetlands starting from the end of October to March. 12

Furthermore, out of a total of 73 important bird areas identified in Ethiopia about 30 (41%) of them are wetlands and they support a variety of bird species including some birds endemic to Ethiopia, as well as worldwide endangered bird species such as the White Winged Fluff tail. In addition to that, of 861 bird species that are believed to exist in the country, 204 (around 25%) of them are dependent on wetlands (Mengistu, 2003).

Wetlands serve as natural water purification systems. This has crucial practical benefits, for example Gimbi Town Water Supply Plant is located at the downstream end of Gefar wetland system which is effectively purifying water and reducing the level of sediment in it (Afework, 1998).

The most impressive example of wetland services is the flood regulating and flood control ability of wetlands in highland Illubabor. In earlier decades before deforestation and wetland drainage intensified in Highland Illubabor there was no history of flooding in the neighbouring Gambella Township. However, with increased deforestation and extensive drainage of wetlands in Illubabor Highlands flooding has become a major threat to Gambella Town and until recently dikes were built along the river bank to stop such a threat. Another example is the presence of Shallo wetland or Cheleleka wetland in the influent of Lake Awassa which plays a similar role. Shallow wetland holds much of the runoff from Lake Awassa‟s catchment that drains first into the swamp and then gradually flows to the lake via the Tikur Wuha River. From this point of view, the wetland plays a vital role in controlling flooding, particularly that which originates from the Wondo Genet highlands (Zerihun 2003).

2.5.1 Wetland economic values

The economic values of wetland ecosystems are extremely significant and critically important for all local communities that are dependent on wetland products and resources. In Ethiopia, wetlands have been providing benefits to many local communities throughout the nation for centuries. The current economic, social and cultural values that wetlands deliver in the country remain overwhelming and there are 13

many communities who depend on wetlands for their livelihood. Table 2.3 presents the goods and services, intrinsic attributes, ecological functions and possible future values of wetlands as a general.

Table 2. 3 Wetland goods and services, intrinsic attributes and ecological functions Direct Values Indirect Values Optional Values Non-use Values Production and Ecosystem functions Premium placed on Intrinsic consumption of goods and services possible future uses significance in and services such as: o water quality and applications terms of: o Fish o water flow such as: o cultural o Fuel wood o water storage o pharmaceutical values o Building poles o water purification o agricultural o aesthetic o Sand, gravel, clay o water recharge o industrial value o Thatch o flood control o leisure o heritage o Water o storm protection o water use value o Wild foods o nutrient retention o bequest o Medicines o microclimate value o Agriculture/cultivation regulation o existence o Pasture/grazing o shore stabilization value o Transport o recreation Source: Emerton (1999).

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3. Methodology

3.1 Description of Assessment Areas

The wetlands assessment study was conducted in all of the Administrative Zones found in Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul Gumuz Regions embraced by the Abbay River Basin. The Abbay basin occupies an area of 199,812 km2 and is located within the eastern and central part of Ethiopia between latitudes 7o 45‟ and 12o 45‟N and longitude 34o 05‟ to 39o 45‟E. The basin drains towards Sudan on its western border and shares common boundaries with the Tekeze basin to the north, the Omo Gibe basin to the south, the Awash basin to the east and south-east and the Baro-Akobo to the south-west. The basin is located within part of each of the Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul-Gumuz Regions. Abbay Basin further sub divided in to 16 sub-basins namely Tana, Beles, Dinder, Rahad, Dabus, Anger, Muger, Guder, Jemma, Walaka, Beshilo, South Gojjam, North Gojjam, Dedessa, Wenbera and Fincha.

The climate of the basin is primarily influenced by altitude and the proximity to the equatorial monsoonal systems. These factors produce a wide variety of local climates ranging from hot and semi-arid to high altitude cool alpine climates. Mean annual rainfall within the basin varies from 800 - 2,000 mm and generally increases with altitude. (Figure 2). Rainfall in most of the basin is unimodal with the majority of the rain falling in the wet season (June to September) brought by the south west monsoon originating from the Atlantic Ocean. The dry season extends from October to March while a period of short rains may sometimes occur from April to May from the penetration of the south East Indian Ocean monsoon into the basin area. The eastern fringe area of the basin can have a bimodal rainfall distribution, where the “belg” rains comprise nearly 50 percent of the “keremt” rains.

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Figure 3. 1 Assessment Study areas

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3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods

Review of secondary data: Available secondary data were collected from the web site and relevant institution and reviewed to extract valuable information about wetlands relevant to this assessment study.

Primary data Collection: Closed and open ended questionnaire was prepared and used as a tool to gather relevant information from Zonal and Woreda Agriculture Offices and Environmental protection, land administration and use offices. In addition direct observation of wetlands and informal discussions and interviews were made throughout the assessment. The team used direct observation to perceive the existing conditions of sample wetland in each sub-basin. It was an important method for the study team to get acquainted with the present situation of the study area. Through direct observation, information was obtained on threats and services of wetlands.

Secondary data collection: Secondary data were obtained from published and unpublished sources. The main sources of secondary data for this study were MoWR, EPA, BoEPLAU, EWNRA and Website Information relevant for this study was screened for immediate use.

4. Findings of the Assessment and Discussion

4.1 Wetlands Distribution in the Abbay Basin

Abbay basin comprises of 16 sub basins and we were to address all administrative relevant offices in the sub basins to collect the desired data. Tana Sub-basin wetlands cover parts of areas found under the administrative Zones of South Gondar, North Gondar, West Gojjam and Awi zone. Tana sub basin contributes 23 999.8 hectares of swampy areas and 315960 hectares of water bodies. The Beles sub basin wetlands covers most parts of the Metekel zone and partly Awi zone and covers about 23,908 ha

17 of seasonal wetlands. Fincha sub basin wetlands cover most parts of Horo Gudru zones having 17884.25ha permanent swampy areas.

Debub Gojjam sub basin covers most parts of Eastern Gojjam and some parts of West Gojjam and Awi Zones having 16,123.25 ha of seasonal and permanent wetlands. Didessa sub basin wetalands includes some parts of Jimma, most parts of Illu Aba Bora and Qelem Wellega Administrative Zone marshy and swampy lands with an area of about 54,127 hectares. The following sub basins covers-Dabus 35,564, mugger 32. Jemma 1516.5, Anger 15309, North Gojjam 38.8 welakka 11, and Beshilo 53.4 hectares of wetlands

The total area of wetlands in Abbay basin was estimated to be above 188,528 hectares of marshy or swampy areas and water bodies. Tana sub basin being the largest areaof wetlands that comprises fogera and Dembia flood plains which are the largest wetland areas in Ethiopia. These wetlands are providing services being shelters for indigenous and migratory bird species that come from England and other European countries to cope up seasonal weather conditions. It is also a shelter of wetland animal species. In addition these wetlands consist of plant species like papyrus, gicha, filla, sedges …etc.

Wetlands found in the sub-basins serves the surrounding communities for animal grazing, irrigation, water sources for animal and human consumption, fishing center for the local communities, harvesting place for green grasses-„Chefe‟ for holiday and festival ceremony, sources of thatches for huts, shelter for wild lives and reptiles. Wetlands are the sources of sedges that serve the local community to prepare rain protective material-„Gessa‟ in the rainy season. It is also a source of Hydropower in the case of Fincha sub basin. Wetlands distribution data in the Abbay Basin were collected at the Zonal Bureau of agriculture and Environmental Protection land Administration and Use Departments. Because of the absence of well recorded data concerning the area of swampy /marshy areas in each woredas and kebeles in the contacted relevant offices, we were not able to obntain significant areas of swapy/marshy areas in Rahad, Dinder, Wenbera and Guder Sub basins. Based on the collected data the distributions of wetlands (only 18 marshy/swampy areas) in the assessed Sub-Basins at woreda level with respective areas are indicated below (Figures 4.1-4.9). The total sum of wetland areas of the indicated figure does not represent the total areas of wetlands found in each sub basins due to the presence of some woredas in each sub basin that do not have recorded areas of wetlands. According to the collected data most wetlands in Tana sub basins are found at Fogera woreda followed by Bahr Dar zuria Wereda as shown in Figure 4.1. About 16,591ha of wetlands in Debub Gojjam basin are found in Gozamin weredas and in Fincha sub basin 15,537.25 hectares are found in Abbay Chomen weredas as shown in Figure 4.2 and 4.3.

Figure 4. 1 Wetland distributions in Tana sub basin at wereda level

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Figure 4. 2 Wetland distributions in Debub Gojjam sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 3 Wetland distributions in Fincha sub basin at wereda level

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Figure 4. 4 Wetland distributions in Dabus sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 5 Wetland distributions in Didessa sub basin at wereda level

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Figure 4. 6 Wetland distributions in Muger sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 7 Wetland distributions in Welaka sub basin at wereda level

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Figure 4. 8 Wetland distributions in Beshilo sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 9 Wetland distributions in Jemma sub basin at wereda level

4.2 Uses of wetlands in the Abbay River Basin

The extent to which Abbay Basin wetland resources contribute to the national development has poorly studied and no empirical information exists in this regard except for very few wetlands and wetland resources such as fisheries. However, the wetland and the wetland resources in the assessed sub basins have immense economical values. The following are just a few of the many economic and social benefits that wetlands provide: supply of fish, food through drainage and recession

23 agriculture, raw materials for thatching huts and crafts, water, clay soil for pottery and ceramics, medicinal plants, sand and grazing for the majority of livestock owners across the sub basins.

The wetland ecosystems and the major rivers within the basin are fundamental parts of life interwoven into the structure and welfare of societies and natural ecosystems. In this regard wetlands in the Tana, Fincha and Debub Gojjam Sub-basins in greater extent and in Beles sub basin in lesser extent provide various services and benefits to the wider local community members. They are important natural resources both in terms of their environmental functions and their products, which are used by local communities. They represent a vital source of water throughout the year. As an example, the wetlands in Tana sub basin are sources of Papyrus which are used to make local boats, craft products, and as chefe for coffee and festival ceremonies, and Fincha sub basins are dominated by sedge vegetation known as cheffe (Cyperus latifolius) which is the main raw material used for thatching local huts. Cheffe is used by many local communities and urban dwellers throughout the year in a range of ceremonies and celebrations. Wetlands in this part of the basin are also considered an important source of medicinal plants, their vegetation is palatable to cattle which are given access to wetlands during the dry season, and critically, communities rely on wetlands for drinking water which is collected from springs around their periphery. Although, wetlands have a significant economic and environmental value they are under serious threats from human intervention. They are drained and cultivated for food production in unsustainable ways, over-grazed and their resources are over-exploited.

4.2.1 Fisheries

Wetlands are a major source of fish and wetland fisheries constitute a very important sector of the local economy and contribute towards the livelihood of tens and thousands of the citizens especially in Tana sub-basin surrounding areas of Bahir dar, Gorgora, Delgi and Zege. Further, the „Nagade Weyto‟ community is a particular ethnic group on Lake Tana who is specialized on fishing using small tankaus (boats made up of

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Papyrus) and whose livelihoods highly depend on fishing. Wetlands found in the lake shore are important breading centers of fish and sources of food for fish fingerlings.

4.2.2 Food supply

Wetlands in all of the assessed sub-basins have been draining and used for growing food crops. In wetlands of Tana sub basin of Lake Tana shores, around Fincha sub basin various forms of recession agriculture are practiced by the local communities to produce food for domestic use. Market-oriented agriculture has appeared more recently, especially on the Fogera Plain, with the development of extensive wetland reclamation for rice and garlic cultivation.

Figure 4. 10 Rice cultivation in Fogera swamps

4.2.3 Grazing

In the assessed sub-basins wetlands have been found, and remain significant field sites for livestock grazing. Wetlands are important destination for livestock owners or grazers during the dry season. It would be no exaggeration to claim that the survival of the sub basin‟s especially the Fogera breed and Debub Gojjam livestock is directly linked to the abundance of wetlands.

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Figure 4. 11 Wetlands used for grazing

4.2.4 Material supply

Wetlands found in the sub basins are important sources of raw materials to construct local houses, rain protective materials, boats and household and ornamental artefacts Sedges are one of the important wetland resources that local communities value in all of the assessed basins .For example, in Fincha sub basin sedges have a variety of uses for the local communities and their prime importance is for thatching local huts especially where other suitable materials are not available or are too expensive. Around Lake Tana in the Tana Sub- basin, Papyrus is an important raw material used by the „Nagade Weyto‟ Community and other local households, as well as for craft making and ceremonial purposes.

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Figure 4. 12 Local boats made from wetland products (Papyrus) in Lake Tana

4.2.5 Water supply

Along the edges of most wetlands there are many water springs. They are the major sources of drinking water for the rural population of most of the Eastern Wellega of Fincha and Metekel zones of Beles sub basins. Wetlands are also a major water source for domestic stock as well as wildlife. In the dry months of the year, when many streams dry up, wetlands constitute a reliable source of water for domestic and wild animals. In areas where there are no wetlands or where rivers are ephemeral, farmers move their cattle in search of water every day.

Other benefits of wetlands include:  Wetlands have medicinal plants that contribute to the health care of humans as well as livestock,  Wetlands are bird watching sites for tourist attractions – Lake Tana, Enfranz wetland,

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 Sites for investment can be found in wetlands, such as sugarcane farming in Fincha, livestock and crop farming Fogera wetlands.

4.2.6 Urban wastewater and Surface runoff treatment

Natural wetlands purify water by breaking and assimilating nutrients, bacteria, heavy metal residues and other contaminants. Wetlands can be designed, constructed to take advantage of these naturally occurring processes to treat wastewater from a variety of sources. The natural wetlands found around Lake Tana are serving as natural treatment for waste waters and runoffs coming from urban center, Bahir Dar, and farm lands into the Lake. Fore example the wastewater runoff from Bahir Dar city kebele 13 and 16 are discharging to the natural wetland found near to the Avanti Hotel in South of Lake Tana.

4.3 Bird Species Diversity

Wetlands are important bird and wildlife areas and have significance for congregational bird species (Flamingos, cranes, ducks, geese etc.) and over-wintering areas for a variety of migratory Palaearctic birdlife. The Tana sub-basin encompasses rich wetlands and Sudan-Guinea Savannah biomes with wide variety of habitats and wildlife resources. Most areas of Tana sub basin around Lake Tana and Fincha sub-basins support diverse and valuable birds and are of the most important wetland bird sites in Ethiopia. The Tana sub-basin may even hold, on average, more birds annually than anywhere else in the country. About 32,471 birds of 83 wetland species were counted on the Lake Tana area in January/February2007 (Ibid). Birds such as the Crested Francolin and Helmeted Guinea fowl have important economic values (food & cash) for the local people while others have significant cultural values (tourism attraction).

In a bird survey carried out on the Lake Tana and its surroundings by Francis and Shimelis Aynalem (2007), a total of 213 species were recorded. In addition near- threatened species including Pallid Harrier, Black-crowned Crane and Black-tailed Godwit were also observed. Many species of migratory birds also make a twice-annual

28 stop-over in Lake Tana wetlands whose continued existence and good conditions are essential to their successful migration.

Figure 4. 13 Flock of Eurasian Cranes and other large waterbirds, Fogera Plain,

4.4 Plant Species Diversity

Surrounding Lake Tana of Tana sub basin and Fincha sub basin wetlands are areas support a variety of emergent macrophytic vegetation including papyrus (Cyperus papyrus), which is the dominant vegetation around the shore of Lake Tana. Papyrus is used to build the local boat “tankwa” which is used by the lake fishermen. Other large plants occurring in the reed beds around Lake Tana include Echinochloa pyramidalis; E.stagnina; Polygonum barbatum; P.senegalese and Typha domingensis Floating leaves aquatics include Nymphaea caerulea, N. lotus and Pistia stratiotes, while the most important submerged species are Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria spiralis. Much of the Finchaa swamp area is covered by vast mats of floating stoloniferous grass vegetation (Panicum hygrocharis).

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Figure 4. 14 Nymphaea sp. and sedges along roadside wetlands in Fogera Plain

4.5 Current wetland management systems

The current wetland management systems are not well organized. The collected data indicates that among 188,238 ha of wetlands in the basin only 4752. 75 ha hectares are protected and the rest are either used for cultivation or free grazing with out sustainable plans. Wetlands in the assessed in the Abbay River Basins are communal properties and highly attached by free grazing, agricultural expansions and illegal encroachment. The destruction of wetlands arises from lack of ownership for the communal property i.e. “the tragedy of the Commons”.

4.6 Threats of Wetlands

The major threatens of wetlands in the sub-basins are anthropogenic activities as was expressed by contacted persons and professional experts during the assessment. The main anthropogenic activities that harm and devastate the biodiversity of wetlands are free grazing, sedimentation, draining of wetlands for agricultural expansion and malaria breading protection, irrigation schemes, over exploitation of wetlands resources due to

30 population pressure and poverty level of the local people. In some areas eucalyptus tree plantation and watershed degradation had lead significant contribution for the loss of wetlands.

Wetlands found in Didessa, Dabus sub basins are planned for the development of irrigation schems for crop production. Most of the wetlands in the Tana sub basins are found near the shoreline Lake Tana and Fincha sub basin wetland are also found in the shore line Lake Chomen and Fincha dam. Around the shore line of Lake Tana and Chomen lake recession agriculture become a common practice and these effects contributes more threat for the devastation of swampy/ marshy lands to the dry land. Especially the wetland found in Tana Sub basin are much more vulnerable to recession agriculture and significant shrink of wetland are happened in less than a decade as it is indicated in Table 4.1 below. Around the North-East of Lake Tana an exotic weed species water hyacinth had invaded the area near the shore of Lake Tana. This weed highly disturbs the aquatic ecosystem of wetlands.

Table 4. 1 Typical loss of wetland areas in Tana Sub- basin

Wetland area (ha) Name 1987 2008 loss in 21 years Shesher 1,557 136 1,405 welela 298 159 139 Daga-Takua 248 75 181 Source: MoWR, 1998

4.7 Legal Frameworks

Although the country has an imperative sectoral and cross sectoral environmental policy and national conservation strategy, indicative policy statements about the conservation and sustainable utilization of the fragile ecological valuable wetlands is not stated. But currently the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Environmental Protection Authority has drafted wetland proclamation that incorporates registration and

31 management of wetlands and allowed and prohibited activities in a registerd wetland. Because of the absence of clear conservation mechanisms and enacted legal frameworks wetlands found in the basin are threatened by unsustainable utilization and illegal encroachment on wetland resources. Hence, the competent government organization has to review the drafted proclamation and formulate directives and regulations that serve as an enforcement mechanism for the sustainable utilization and conservation of wetlands.

4.8 Strategic issues for future wetland management

A lot have been said about the importance of wetlands for human beings and animals in particular and for the wellbeing of the environment in general because of these fact strategic issues for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands should be proposed and implemented by the competent government organizations, NGOs, CBOs and the lower community members that directly benefit from it.

To protect the destruction of wetlands and ensure the sustainable utilization of wetlands, the following strategic activities may be very crucial.

 Avoid free grazing and preaching and provoking the farmers to exercise zero-grazing system and practice cut and carry system;  Establish community based organizations and associations for the protection and sustainable utilization of the existing wetlands;  Make free illegally encroached wetlands  Awareness creation for the farmers about the importance and practice of watershed management  Enact legislation of legal frameworks that will enable to protect wetlands  Introduce integrated agricultural technologies that will benefit farmers sustainably

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 Introduce alternative agricultural practices and provide practical training for the farmers like about fishing in ponds, animal fattening, ecotourism development in wetland resources  Conduct detailed inventory and registration of wetlands found in the basin  Mapping of wetlands using GPS points and GIS and demarcate the area coverage of each wetlands in the basin

5. Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Conclusion

Abbay River Basin has the largest proportion of wetlands that exist in Ethiopia. Among the most figurative sub basins that have significant all season wetlands are Tana , Didessa, Dabus and Fincha sub basins. South Gojjam sub basin also has considerable wetlands while Beles sub basin has seasonal wetlands that exist in the rainy season most commonly. Based on the data collected about 188,528 ha of wetlands in the Abbay river Basin with larger contribution of Tana, Didessa Fincha, South Gojjam and Dabus sub basins. To take forward the study of wetlands in the Basin and improve their management and contribution to development, it is necessary to make an inventory of the wetlands in other sub basins with special emphasis on their extent and nature.

Wetlends found in four of the assessed sub basins provides quite a lot of services to the surrounding community being source of raw materials, and source of food, shelter and breading center for aquatic species like fish and larger mammals. Wetlands of Tana and Fincha Sub basins are host centers of indigenous and migratory birds that come from Europe and Middle East countries during the cold season. In addition these wetlands are sources of varieties of plant species used for artefacts and serve as carbon sequestration like papyrus.

The management of these wetlands is very poor and unsustainably exploited and endangered by illegal encroachement, free grazing and agricultural expansion. Significant wetland area in shesher and welela wetlends around Lake Tana losses are

33 observed in less than a decade. This was because of irrigation and recession agriculture expansion, and absence legal frame works that direct the conservation and sustainable utilization these biodiversity enriched environmental endowed resources.

Wetlands are not waste lands rather they are wealth lands, if we properly manage and use them. Nowadays wetlands are getting attention for their eminent ecological, socio- cultural & economic importance. Their importance is significantly recognized by rural communities as sources of, among others, food, water & pastures & as last resorts for survival during dry seasons & drought times. It is also vital to underscore that besides their local & national importance, the wetlands of Ethiopia including the Abbay Basin wetlands have global relevance, among others, in their biodiversity hotspots, nesting/stopover/breeding sites for migratory birds & climate change mitigation & adaptation.

In spite of the above, the wetlands of the Abbay Basin have not yet received the attention they ought to get. One of the basic reasons for this situation is that issues of wetlands have not been well mainstreamed or treated separately in the contents of national policies & other pertinent documents. But they are briefly or implicitly addressed within policy contents of sustainable development, conservation and wise use of natural resources. As a result, implementations of such policies have barely dealt with problems of wetlands in Ethiopia.

Thus the commitment of decision makers to introduce wetland law and put in place a workable institutional arrangement is critical. Local communities are the immediate beneficiaries of wetlands and are also first level victims of wetland loss. The participation of local communities in wetland management is of paramount importance. Community based organizations need to be strengthened by developing laws in order to regulate wetland abuse, enhance wise use and lead in planned manner. Developing and implementing management plans through active participation of the communities in a way that addresses their vision and objectives is also basic to materialize wise use of wetlands at community level.

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5.2 Recommendations

 This crude assessment of wetlands in ths Basin has indicated that the absence of clear and exact data that indicate the location, area coverage and types of wetlands that the Basin exactly endowed from nature and human made activities. Hence, detailed inventory of wetlands has to be performed to know and conserve it.  At the national and regional level there is wetland conservation and management policy and legal frameworks. In spite of this fact the Authority has to push and coordinate the relevant organization to formulate the desired legislations.  There was an ambiguity about the definition of wetlands among the experts and decision makers encountered during the assessment. The relevant organization has to set definition for the wetlands that the country accepts and aware the professionals and decision makers at all levels through possible communication and information dissemination networks.  Awareness creation workshops and brochures has to be made at the community level wherever the wetland exist in order to avoid the deliberate destruction of wetlands.  Ecotourism and carbon trading has to be developed in the sub basins that centered wetlands in order to facilitate the conservation of wetlands and decrease the threats.  Some wetlands can lose their vigour at an alarming rate due to unwise management. The problem needs integrated problem solving approach through realizing the collaboration of relevant stakeholders from policy level down to grassroots community. Decision makers, communities, private sectors and all others who have stake in wetlands.  Decision makers at Woreda level have significant role in ensuring wise use of wetlands in their jurisdiction. Through coordinating Woreda level stakeholders and assisting kebele administration they can halt wetland degradation and improve its situation.

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 Decision makers at higher levels are required to strengthen sustainable wetland management efforts through effecting legislation, improving institutional arrangements and supporting capacity building initiatives.  It is appropriate to assess the significance of wetlands and their environs for national development, and also the consequences of wetland degradation.  Perform participatory watershed management practices at the upper catchment of wetlnads that will help them self protection from recession agriculture.  Devise self reliance programs for the communities settle around threatened wetlands inorder to cover the food shortages occur after post harvesting seasons since wetlands are ecroached by farmers for the purpose of producing food crops that will transit them to the main harvesting season.  Differentiate wetlands that will serve for agriculture, eco-tourism purposes and ecological functions.

 Alternative energy sources had better be accessable to minimise the pressures exerted on forests for the purpose of cooking.

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References

Abebe, Y. D. and Geheb, K. (eds) (2003). Wetlands of Ethiopia. Proceedings of a seminar on the resources and status of Ethiopia's wetlands. Adrian wood, 2001. The role and importance of wetlands in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the wetland awareness creation workshop of the ANRS. January 2001, Bahar Dar. Afework Hailu (1998). An overview of wetland use in Illubabor, EWRP. Metu, Unpublished (mimeo). Afework Hailu (2005). Proceedings of the second awareness creation workshop on wetlands in the Amhara Region. EWNRA, Addis Ababa Afework Hailu, A.B. Dixon and A.P. Wood (2000). Nature, extent and trends in wetland drainage and use in Illubabor Zone, southwest Ethiopia. (Report for Objective 1.) Ethiopian Wetlands Research Programme (EWRP) and the University of Huddersfield, Metu and Huddersfield. Afework Hailu and Adrian Wood (2006). Livelihoods and the survival of wetlands in the highlands of Ethiopia, A paper presented in Wetlands and Poverty Reduction Project Workshop, St. Lucia, South Africa. Amhara National Regional State Bureau of Agriculture, 2001. Proceedings of the Wetland Awareness Creation and Activity Identification Workshop in Amhara National Regional State Bacon, P.R. 1999. The role of wetlands in the water cycle. Ramsar COP7 DOC. 16.1 BeSBO, 2011. Draft report of Beles sub basin Zero state. Bognetteau, E., A. Hailu, L. Taffa, and A.P. Wood, (2003). Wetlands and food security in southwest Ethiopia: an economic, ecological and institutional analysis for sustainability, Study Report, Wetland Action, Zeist, The Netherlands. Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet, E. T. LaRoe (1979). Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, U.S. Department of the Interior,Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource /wetlands/classwet/index.htm(Version 04DEC1998)

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Dixon, A.B. (2002). The role of indigenous knowledge in wetland management, mechanisms of knowledge acquisition and development as a basis for sustainable use. Wetlands and Natural Resources Research Group, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield. Emerton Lucy (1999). Valuing Wetlands in Uganda. IUCN – The World Conservation Union, Nairobi Kenya. EPA (2003). National Report on the 43 Surveyed wetlands, Ecosystem Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. FAO, (1984). Assistance to land use planning, Ethiopia, A land resources inventory for landuse planning, AG: Dp/ETH/78/003, Technical Report 1. Rome. FDRE MoWR, (1998). Abbay River Basin Integrated Development Master Plan Project: Section II Sectoral Studies Vol.XIII. Hayal Desta, 2006. Environmental, Biological and Socio-economic study on Boye and extendedwetlands in Jimma zone of Oromia National Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia. AddisAbaba University school of Graduate studies department of Environmental Science. Hillman, J.C. (ed), (1993). Ethiopia: Compendium of Wildlife Conservation Information. NYZS – The Wildlife Conservation Society, International, New Yourk Zoological Park, Bronx, NY and Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation organization, Addis Ababa, 2 Vol.s. 786pp. Lemlem S. (2003). Biodiversity potentials and threats to the southern Rift Valley lakes of Ethiopia. In Wetlands of Ethiopia, proceedings of a seminar on the resources andstatus of Ethiopia.‟s wetlands, edited by Abebe, Y. D. and Geheb, K, IUCN. Leykun Abunie (2003). The distribution and status of Ethiopian wetlands: an overview. In Yima D. Abebe and Kim Geheb (eds), Wetlands of Ethiopia, Proceedings of a seminar on the resources and status of Ethiopia‟s wetlands, IUCN 2003. Hunghes and Hughes (1992). A Directory of African Wetlands, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK/UNEP, Nariobi, Kenya/WCMC, Cambridge, UK. 820pp. Johnston, R.; McCartney, M. 2010. Inventory of water storage types in the Blue Nile and Volta river basins. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management institute. 48p. (IWMI Working Paper 140). doi:10.5337/2010.214 38

Mengistu Wondefrash (2003). Wetlands, birds and important bird areas in Ethiopia. Proceedings of a seminar on the resources and status of Ethiopia‟s wetlands, IUCN Wetlands and Water Resources Programme.

Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G. (2002). Wetlands. 3rd Ed, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. U.S.A. Retrieved 19 October 2009 from www.iucn.org/themes/wetlands/

Ramsar Bureau (1971). Proceedings of the international conference on conservation of wetlands and waterfowl, Ramsar, Iran, 30th January – 3rd February 1971, International Development Wildfowl Research Bureau, Slimbridge.

Roggeri, H. (1995), Tropical freshwater wetlands: a guide to current knowledge and sustainable management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

Siraj Bekele (2004). Wetlands of Oromiya, Their conservation and contribution to food security and poverty reduction. Proceedings of the “National Consultative workshop on the Ramsar Convention and Ethiopia”, March 18-19, 2004. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Wood, A.P., (2000) Policy issues on sustainable wetland management. (Report for Objective 6.) EWRP and the University of Huddersfield, Metu and Huddersfield. Wood, A P, Afework Hailu, Abbot, P G & Dixon, A B (2002) Sustainable management of wetlands in Ethiopia: local knowledge versus government policy. In Gawler, M (ed) Strategies for wise use of wetlands: Best practices in participatory management, Proceedings of a Workshop held at the 2nd International Conference on Wetlands and Development, November 1998, Dakar, Senegal. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, p 81-88. Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project, (2002). A Strategic plan for development, conservation and management of the woody biomass resources in Ethiopian Regions. Unpublished document, Final Draft June 2002.

Zerihun Desta (2003). Challenges and opportunities of Ethiopian wetlands: the case of Lake Awassa and its feeders. Proceedings of a seminar on the resources and status of Ethiopia‟s wetlands, IUCN Wetlands and Water Resources Programme.

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AMU (Arba Minch University, Ethiopia). 2009. Inventory of water storage types, their distribution and characteristics in the Abbay river basin. Unpublished report prepared for IWMI. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Gebregziabher, G. 2010. Situation analysis of agricultural water management (AWM) solutions. In: Tigray, Afar and Amhara Regions of Ethiopia. Unpublished report prepared for International Water Management Institute, Addis Ababa. Mwendera, E.J.; Mohamed Saleem, M.A.; Dibabe, A. 1997. The effect of livestock grazing on surface runoff and soil erosion from sloping pasture lands in the Ethiopian highlands. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37: 421-

430. Wood, A. 2001. The role and importance of wetlands in Ethiopia. Policy Briefing Note. University of Huddersfield, UK: Ethiopian Wetlands Research Programme; Ethiopia: Ethio-Wetlands and Natural Resources Association. Burnside & Tonkin & Taylor Int. 2009. Supplemental Work to Ministry of Water Resources - ESIA for the Ribb Dam, Ethiopia - Final Report. Report for ENIDP, MoWR. Francis, I.S. & Shimelis Aynalem. 2007. Bird Surveys around Bahir Dar-Lake Tana IBA, Ethiopia. RSPB /AAU. 93pp

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Annexes

Annex I. Assessment Questionnaires Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Abbay Basin Authority Questionnaire for Data Collection on Wetlands Assessment to be filled by Relevant Bureau of Environmental Protection and Bureau of Agriculture.

Definition of wetlands: areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters”.

1. Name of Zone ------Office------Tele------2. Area of wetlands found in hectare (ha)------3. Wetland services to the surrounding community------4. The No of households served by the wetlands------5. The types of Bird species and plant species found within the wetland------6. Does wetland area increase or decrease within the past decade?------

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7. If the area of the wetlands decreased mention the impact reasons------8. Ownership of the wetland: a/ private b/ Communal c/ State 9. Area of protected wetland------10. State if there is (are) community bylaw (s) to conserve and sustainably utilize wetlands------11. The type of wetland services ------12. If the wetlands serve for irrigation the no of beneficiaries------13. What are the impacts that threaten the wetlands?------14. Water sources of wetlands a/ lake b/ river c/ rain d/ Stream e/ Flood

15. Duration of wetland a/ 1-2 months b/ up to 6 months c/ rainy season only d/ 12 months

16. How was the past wetland management system------42

17. State the plans set to use the wetlands sustainably------18. Forward your strategic plans/ideas to conserve and sustainably use wetlands------

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List of wetlands Found in the Zone S.No Name of Wetlands Area (ha) Woreda Kebele Got Location 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Annex II. Bird Species

List of observed /identified/ bird species around the four sub basin during the assessment period No Common Name Scientific Name 1 Wattled ibis Bostrychi carunculata 2 Sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus 3 Hadada ibis Bistrychia hagedash 4 Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus 5 Rouget’s rail Abyssinian rail 6 Crowned crane Balearica regulorum 7 Eurasian crane - 8 Egyptian crane Alopocheen aegyptiaca 9 Spur winged goose Plectroplerus gambensis 10 Little egret Egretta garzetta 11 Great white egret Egretta alba 12 Pygmy goose Nettapus auritus 13 Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis 14 Grey heron Ardea cinerea 15 Open billed stork Anastombus lamelligerus 16 Spoon billed stork - 17 Black headed plover Vanellus armatus 18 Duwarf bettern Ardeirallus sturmii 19 African Jacana Actophilornis africanus 20 Greater flamingo Phoenicoperus ruber 21 Marabu stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus 22 Saddle ebill stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis 23 White pelican Peliecanus onorotalus 24 Spotted stone curlew Burhinus capensis 25 Black headed heron Ardea melanocephala 26 Cattle egret Ardeola ibis 27 Wooly necked stork Ciconia episcopus 28 Carmine bee eater Meops pusillus 29 Maccoa duck Oxyura maccoa 30 Goliath heron Ardea goliath 31 African fish eagle Haliacetus vocifer 32 Olive pigeon Columba delegorguei 33 Supr winged plover Vanellus spinosus 34 Ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula 35 Yellow billed stork Egretta intermedia 36 Black kite Milvus migrants 37 Pink backed pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus

Annex III. Plant Species

No Amharic Name Scientific Name 1 ዝግባ Podocarpus falcatus 2 ዋንዛ Cordia africana 3 ብሳና Croton mycrostachyus 4 ሠሣ Albizia gummifera 5 አርቦጅ Sapium ellipiticum 6 ዶቅማ Sizygium guineese 7 እሸ Mimsops kummel 8 ችብሃ Ficus thonningii 9 ዋርካ Ficus vasta 10 ባምባ Ficus sycomorus 11 ዝግጣ Calpumiaaurea 12 አዛምር Bersama abuyssinica 13 ደንጎሪታ Solanum gigantum

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14 ሳስፓንያ Sasbania sasban 15 ቀይ ባህርዛፍ Euclyptus comaldulesis 16 ግመሮ Capparis tomentosa 17 ኩሸሽላ Acanthus eminens 18 ሰኔል/ዘንባባ/ Phoenix reclenata 19 አካያ Salix subserrata 20 ቀፍ Ficus ovata 21 ዛና/ዋሽታ/ Stereospermum kunthianum 22 ልምብጭ Clausena anisata 23 ብርብራ Millettia ferruginea 24 ቃሞ Rhus vulgaris 25 አምቢልታ Enthanda abyssinca 26 ጨጮ Nuxia congesta 27 ቃዋት Ceftis africana 28 ወይራ Olea africana 29 ጥቁር እንጨት Prunus africana 30 እፀጰጦስ Dracaena steudneri 31 እንዶድ Phytolacca dodecandra 32 ቀንጠርፋ Pterolobium steliatum 33 ቁልቋል Euphorbia candelabrum 34 የአበሻ ጽድ Juniperus procera 35 ቀጋ Rosa abyssinica 36 ሇንቋጣ Grewia ferruginea 37 ስፓቶዲያ Spathodea nilotica 38 ስሚዛ/ሰንሰል/ Justicia schimperiana 39 ሰርክ አበባ Cassia didymobotrya 40 ግማርዳ Acacia polycantha 41 አበትሬ/ቁርቁራ/ Zizyphus mucronata

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42 ነጭ ግራር/ዋጮ/ Acacia seyal 43 አልቢዳ ግራር Acacia albida 44 ጎርጎሮ/አዳር/ Dichrostachys sinera 45 አባሎ Combretum molle 46 ጋምቢሎ Gardenia volkensii 47 ክትክታ Dodonea viscosa 48 አጋም Carissa edulis 49 ቋራ/ኮርች/ Erythrina abyssinica 50 ወንበላ Premnatoma laxiflora 51 ደደሆ Euclea racemosa 52 ጠንበሇል Jasminum abyssinicum 53 ዳብዲ/የቆላ ዋንዛ/ Pilosfigma thonningii 54 ዉልክፍ Dombeya quinqueseta 55 ሸምበቆ Arundo donax 56 ወንዝ አድምቅ Salix mucronata 57 የነብር ጥፍር Bridelia micrantha 58 ግራዋ Vernonia amygdalina 59 ጉሎ Ricinus communis 60 ሰሇቸን Diospyros abyssinica 61 ቅንጭብ Euphorbia tirucalli 62 በሇስ Ficus carica 63 የተሇያዩ የሳር ዝርያዎች Different kinds of grass species 64 ደንገል/papyrus/ -

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Annex IV. Wild Animals

No Common Name Scientific Name 1 Hippopotamus Alcelaphus boselaphus 2 African porcupine Hystrix spp 3 African civet cat Civettitis civetta 4 Bush ping Potamochoerus porcus 5 Common bush back Tragelaphus scriptus 6 Anubis baboon Papio anubis 7 Vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops 8 Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia 9 Hyena Hyaena spp 10 Advark Orycteropus afer 11 Honey budger Procavia capensis 12 Leopard Panthera paradus 13 Common fox Canis auxeus 14 Warthong Phacochoerus poreus 15 Swamp rat Otomys typus (family name) 16 Bush squirrel Palliantus sp

Annex V. Reptiles

No Common Name Scientific Name 1 Alligator (different spp) - 2 Monitor lizard Varanus spp 3 Snakes (different spp) -

Annex VI. Fishes

No Common Name Scientific Name 1 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus 2 Cat fish Clarias gariepinus 3 Barbs Barbus tanopelagius

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Annex VII. Lists of wetlands found in the Tana sub basin

Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote 1 Wolela 215 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Fuafuate 2 Dega 300 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Abderie 3 Diba 95 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Fogerbet 4 Fogeriebet 20 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Sarsu 5 Burie 19 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Sarsu 6 Shosher 349 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Medemekija,Aferbela 452.42 D/Gondar Fogera Menguzer 7 y,Shehiwonz 513 D/Gondar Fogera K/michael Tankua,Saku 8 rta,Mosko Lede wuha, genet 409.5 D/Gondar Fogera Bebekis Grargie 9 wonz,chirama Abder Total Fogera Wereda 2372.92 area D/Gondar Fogera

1 Daga 20 D/Gondar Libokemkem Tizamba Daga

2 Godguadit 30 D/Gondar Libokemkem Tizamba Baad

3 Gigna 10 D/Gondar Libokemkem Kabe Wajo Kulinta 12 D/Gondar Gib Wajo(B/Men

4 Libokemkem di) Girmo Ewaka 40 D/Gondar Gib Lamgie(Kabe

5 Libokemkem )

6 Kedokmaw esk Abay 45 D/Gondar Libokemkem Agid Fota Girmo Ewaka 20 D/Gondar Agid Lamgie(Agid

7 Libokemkem )

8 177 D/Gondar Libokemkem

9 Daga 20 D/Gondar Libokemkem TotalA rea Libo kemkem Wereda 374 D/Gondar Libokemkem 1 Zuma 5.75 Awi Dangila Wunbri

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Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote 2 Arb Minch 7.5 Awi Dangila Ligaba Dasheshe/Worke 77.085 Awi Gait 3 Mesk Dangila Gulet Mesk 47.775 Awi G/Abshik Gult 4 Dangila an 5 Agaga mesk 27 Awi Dangila A/Agaga Gult 6 Kilti Mesk 13.015 Awi Dangila Girargie Girargie 7 Toka Mesk 20 Awi Dangila Bacha Biraita 8 Dingel Mesk 1 32 Awi Dangila Gisa AiteWuha Dingel Mesk 2 4 Awi De/Sengu Sengurie 9 Dangila ry Birakat Mesk 9.4 Awi Ka/Seham G/Medhanial 10 Dangila bre em Warki Mesk 3 Awi Ka/Seham Birakat 11 Dangila bre 12 AmboMesk 1 Awi Dangila Afesa MehalSelbet Total Dangila Wereda 247.525 area Awi Engury 20 Awi Basa Enguana 1 Banja Enguana 2 Gushery 5.5 Awi Banja Akenajify Akena 3 KilagTegushery 3.5 Awi Banja Akenajify Akena Godegodo 1.5 Awi Bata Amby 4 Banja Emby Walki 0.25 Awi Arsa Gimbha 5 Banja Gimbaha 6 Demelash 0.1875 Awi Banja 7 Teshitamegn 2.25 Awi Banja Arsa Zurzur 5.5 Awi Sankit Lideta 8 Banja Lideta 9 Niwayte 5.5 Awi Banja Bida Bida 10 Dirny 20 Awi Banja Sankit Lideta

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Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote Lideta 11 Girayta 10 Awi Banja Ganguta Janguta Aymerga 2 Awi Gurge Gurja 12 Banja Gumerta Kambusu 4 Awi Gurge Gurja 13 Banja Gumerta 14 Workie 2.5 Awi Banja Zufary DibreWajira Chemi 18 Awi Akayta 15 Banja Gashina Dreni 16 Awi Gashina 16 Banja Akayta Bertena 0.5 Awi Askuna 17 Banja Abo Bertina 0.75 Awi Askuna 18 Banja Abo Kesesheha 0.875 Awi Chewusa 19 Banja Kasa 20 Warki 18 Awi Banja Mesela Walkay 19 Awi Chabana 21 Banja Gisa 12 Awi Kuachkua 22 Banja ch 23 Durisa Sheha 17 Awi Banja Da/Ki Samuel 24 Nushyewole 4 Awi Banja Da/Ki Absla Zer rare 66.75 Awi Meselach D/Genet 25 Banja ayty Total Banja Wereda 255.562 Area 5 Awi Gich 1.5 Awi Absela Samuel 1 Guagusa Warda 2 Army 0.75 Awi Guagusa ,, Absela 3 Chary Arnasta 0.75 Awi Guagusa Chaba D/Genete

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Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote Zinbry Asindabo 1 Awi Chaba Zinre 4 Guagusa Zinbry Shema 3 Awi Zigra & Mareta Its surroundi 5 Guagusa ng 6 Muachua 0.5 Awi Guagusa ,, ,, 7 Kiteb 1 Awi Guagusa ,, Zagra 8 Galiye 5 Awi Guagusa ,, ,, Guashita 4 Awi Askuna Gidema 9 Guagusa Agiza Aguta 2.5 Awi Wonjila Aguta 10 Guagusa Aguta Konchayta 2 Awi Jiba/Am/ Jibayta 11 Guagusa wahis 12 Lashishta 2.5 Awi Guagusa ,, Wahisa Shalign 4 Awi Ashifa A/Alem Bahiry 13 Guagusa Direwa 14 Awerta 3 Awi Guagusa ,, Deriwa 15 Girgista 4 Awi Guagusa ,, Ashifa 16 Asindabo 6 Awi Guagusa Tilili 01 1 Dadakiy 6 Awi Askuna Gidema 17 Guagusa Agza 18 Achigy 2 Awi Guagusa Baguna Achigy 19 Wodeb 4 Awi Guagusa Baguna ,, Total Guagusa Wereda 53.5 Area Awi Guagusa 1 Kitam 3 Awi Guangua Tirigi T/Selasie 2 Workie 1.25 Awi Guangua Waykela A/Ghiorgis 3 Ambeyesta 0.5 Awi Guangua Waykela Abetema

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Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote Abo 4 Aba Seyoum 1 Awi Guangua Yimali Y/Maryam 5 Nabre 17 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki 6 guhini 3 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki 7 Yewesen Bida 3 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki Total Guangua Wereda 28.75 Area Awi Guangua 1 Zenzenina Kebtele ? Awi Jawi Kebtele kebtele webochrguanchina 2 burabur ? Awi Jawi webo webo Yjahimala regregama 3 bota ? Awi Jawi jeha jeha 4 Dil Zegi ? Awi Jawi jeha jeha Total Jawi Wereda Area ?? Awi Jawi 1 Arbaminch 3 Awi Fagitalekoma Ligaba 2 DashesheWorke Mesk 26.485 Awi Fagitalekoma Gayita 3 Zuma 2 Awi Fagitalekoma Wunbri Gulit Mesk Gu/Abshi 4 47.775 Awi Fagitalekoma kan Gulit 5 Agaga mesk 27 Awi Fagitalekoma Agaga Gulit 6 kiliti mesk 13.015 Awi Fagitalekoma Girarghe Girargie 7 Toka Mesk 20 Awi Fagitalekoma Bacha Brayita 8 Dengemesk No.1 32 Awi Fagitalekoma Gisa 9 Dengemesk No.2 4 Awi Fagitalekoma Diseguri Siguri Birakat Mesk Ka/Seham G/medihanea 10 9.4 Awi Fagitalekoma bre lem 11 Warki Mesk 3 Awi Fagitalekoma Total Fagta Lakoma Wereda Area 187.675 Awi Fagitalekoma 1 lemba bahir Shesh 299.473 S/Gonder Gonder lemba lemba

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Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote zuriya Arbaetu Mitriha Mtiririha Gonder Abewarik 2 321.456 S/Gonder zuriya a Firiqua dengure Gonder firiqua 3 450 S/Gonder zuriya dengure firiqua Sheha Gomen Gonder Sheha 4 200 S/Gonder zuriya Gomen Bulkaba Total Gonder Zuria Wereda 1270.92 Gonder Area 9 S/Gonder zuriya 1 Amba mesk 221 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Amba mesk 2 Mehalge 152 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Mehalge 3 Kibrail 102 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Kibrail 4 Seraba/Teter 337.5 S/Gonder Dembia Seraba dabilo 5 Fenja Kebele 65 S/Gonder Dembia Fenja Barcha Regregama Abalayina ategicha,qaha.dej 6 165 S/Gonder Dembia Achera wegen Yetana regreg Abalayina ategicha,qaha.dej 7 280 S/Gonder Dembia D/Zuriya wegen Keretit Amiga, Keretit, Jara 8 Biwekitu wuha 150 S/Gonder Dembia D/Zuriya Total Dembia Wereda Area 1472.5 S/Gonder Dembia Takusa Mekonte Mariamwuha, Mariamwuha, Aykaga sebasaba, 1 sebasaba, gizatoka 55 S/Gonder gizatoka Takusa Chemera Asrate and Asrate and Ambaza Ambaza 2 Mektekecha 75 S/Gonder Mektekecha 3 Chegera and 50 S/Gonder Takusa Chanke Chegera and

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Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote Bebantos Beban Bebantos Mich, Lenkuatit, Takusa Achera Mich, Lenkuatit, 4 Gedema,weyira 60 S/Gonder Gedema,weyira Takusa Chach Sahel,Alewa,Tok 5 Alewa,Sahel. Chach 110 S/Gonder Alewa a Meruh, Takusa Meruh, 6 Fantikura,Tibaga 40 S/Gonder Dekul Arba Fantikura,Tibaga Takusa Arama 7 Demek and Abo 8 S/Gonder Liderkun Demek,Abo 8 Kima 1 S/Gonder Takusa sibisraqo Kima Total Area Takusa Wereda 399 S/Gonder Takusa 2 Gudera 202.95 W/Gojjam Sekela B/Dar 3 wegelna gicha mento 590 W/Gojjam Zuriya Robit B/Dar 4 chero, liblibo,Zalamit 482 W/Gojjam Zuriya wenjela B/Dar 5 Abuach 719.5 W/Gojjam Zuriya Seblet B/Dar 6 Amilko mesk 836 W/Gojjam Zuriya Lijimi B/Dar 7 Ambo Meske 275.125 W/Gojjam Zuriya Debrenta B/Dar 8 GrargoT, Zeleka 109 W/Gojjam Zuriya Deq B/Dar 9 Lata Ambo 80 W/Gojjam Zuriya Lata Ambo B/Dar 10 Gena Mesent 138 W/Gojjam Zuriya Gena Mesent B/Dar 11 Liboli 61.75 W/Gojjam Zuriya Liboli 12 Lol 200 W/Gojjam Mecha Tatek Gebere Abasita

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Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote 13 Weyra ber 5 W/Gojjam Mecha Tatek Gebere Fenti Mecha Enashenifale 14 Qurit Bahir 2 W/Gojjam n Leyo 15 Asabila 8 W/Gojjam Mecha Avola/Gesher Mecha Edigetbehibir 16 Biraqat 4 W/Gojjam et Birakat 17 Wesagnmesk 223 W/Gojjam Mecha ch/Genet Bulad Qurit Mecha Bahir,Bojed,Danbirar, 18 Monzir 81.5 W/Gojjam Qurit bahir Leqa,Angot,Gulit Tined Wacho, Mecha 19 Achamote 13 W/Gojjam kudime wegel Agiz 20 Beke 4 W/Gojjam Mecha Kudime Bake 21 Anded,Kuses 1.75 W/Gojjam Mecha Enguti Werebti,Amarat Yimaderi,Boli,Eleshia, Mecha Merymender,Lal 22 Haro 26 W/Gojjam Enamirit o,Haro 23 Kimalo 0.25 W/Gojjam Mecha Bachima Abokabok Biraqat, Mecha Efesa,Weleqa,A 24 Chikamewucha,kuna 4.6 W/Gojjam A/awuta wuTa,Elshia Gudvale,Tiriki,bashent Mecha 25 a 3 W/Gojjam A/Aniba Jibjib,Gocha Mecha Chencha 26 Dedebit 2 W/Gojjam A/Aniba mender Baguri, Dengel, Mecha Dengiamender,bamina Cheba 27 , Cheba mender 170.75 W/Gojjam Amarit Mender Mecha Dagi 28 Quaranti 2 W/Gojjam Abyot Quarante Mecha Dagi 29 welebi 3 W/Gojjam Abyot Welebi qusquam,qorem,lendi, Mecha Cheba, 30 abegelo 18 W/Gojjam Rim Qusquam,

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Area(h Kebele S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote lendi,Abagol a 31 Markudi 1 W/Gojjam Mecha Rim Chebamender 32 D266 1.5 W/Gojjam Mecha Fanahiwet Mecha Leweshana, 33 Biraqat 2.5 W/Gojjam B/Chora qondela Barkua,tomi,Chereche Mecha lhulusela wama,D/men 34 r,Kemenash 13.75 W/Gojjam m der,Tomita 35 Baymeda 20 W/Gojjam Mecha Z/ Birhan Barmeda 36 weremet 0.25 W/Gojjam Mecha T/Terara Weremet 37 Welomesk,Atengeria 20 W/Gojjam Mecha T/Terara Weletatiwele Mecha weqiri,Gidol 38 Qortema,Ketemit 0.75 W/Gojjam Biraqat may 39 Gebre minich 0.125 W/Gojjam Mecha biraqat Tach Gadi 40 Goter,Sefeni 2.5 W/Gojjam Mecha F/Birhan Biti,jibasra Mecha barkua, Minchiras,genbo,gelo, fata,gelo,Che 41 Shenkor 3.5 W/Gojjam Z/Hiwet fe 42 tach Libu 2.5 W/Gojjam Mecha mekeni tachlibu Mecha mebeshi,aser minchras, eta,gebremes 43 Ysewmesk,gebremesk 7 W/Gojjam tagel k 44 Cheqecheq 150 W/Gojjam Mecha addislidet addisgeb Mecha ambomes 45 shinkurit 2 W/Gojjam k Debretsehay Mecha ambomes 46 Alomeda 1 W/Gojjam k Kuaja abo Mecha ambomes Kuajaghiorgi 47 Ander 3 W/Gojjam k s Total 1003.22 area Mecha Wereda 5 W/Gojjam Mecha

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Annex VIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Debub Gojjam sub basin

Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East 1 Nefagn 8 Gojjam Machakel Gobata Akina Nefagn East 2 Yedefas 10 Gojjam Machakel Yedefas Yedefas East 3 Ayidem 8 Gojjam Machakel Yedefas Kul Debel East 4 Gedesm 35 Gojjam Machakel Gira Kidamin Yekebabit East 5 Kuldebel 58 Gojjam Machakel Gira Kidamin Weyi Beyign East 6 Qilabo 22 Gojjam Machakel Minch Yeqest Minch East 7 Ketem 30 Gojjam Machakel Kuashiba Kuashiba East 8 bediltin 4 Gojjam Machakel Minch Yeqest Zigma East 9 Berenzima 20 Gojjam Machakel 6 Werqima Berenzima East 10 Yeqest 40 Gojjam Machakel Mingu Yeqest East 11 Yexiyat 80 Gojjam Machakel Gira Qidamin Yexiyat East Abebna 12 Muyibebyi 120 Gojjam Machakel Yewla Tinbirbra East 13 Yegagas 80 Gojjam Machakel Yewla Yegagas East Yewlana 14 Yewus 236 Gojjam Machakel Yewla Yewebit 15 Dijil 120 East Machakel Qeqer Dijil

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Gojjam East 16 Mehal Amba 150 Gojjam Machakel Kuashiba Mehal Amba East 17 Yewebesh 60 Gojjam Machakel Amari Yewelesh East 18 Belemin 60 Gojjam Machakel Belemin Belemin East 19 Regreg ? Gojjam Machakel yewla Regreg East 20 Yedefes Regreg 10 Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Yedefas East 21 Ayidem Regreg 6 Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Ayidem East 22 Yeduhan Regreg 8 Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Yeduhan East Amari 23 Meteqa Regreg ? Gojjam Machakel yewbish Meteqan East 24 Temamagn Regreg 2 ? Gojjam Machakel Temamagn Temamagn East 25 Gedelem Regregam 2 ? Gojjam Machakel Gira Qidamin Gedelem Total East area Mechakal Wereda 1165 Gojjam Machakel East 1 ? 1 Gojjam D/Elias Guyi Tiwur East 2 ? 4 Gojjam D/Elias Gibtsawit Jebun East 3 ? 188.8 Gojjam D/Elias Guyi Hamusin East 4 ? 60 Gojjam D/Elias Gibtsawit Teshet Mesk 5 ? ? East D/Elias Yemizegn Teshet Mesk

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Gojjam East 6 ? ? Gojjam D/Elias Yedenbesh Teshet Mesk Total East area D/Elias Wereda 253.8 Gojjam D/Elias East Hulet Eju 1 Gedam Ganu 0.25 Gojjam Enese Addis Zemen Addis Zemen East Hulet Eju 2 Boda 0.02 Gojjam Enese Hizibe Selam Boda East Hulet Eju Webqen 3 Dewel 0.125 Gojjam Enese Charit Dewel East Hulet Eju 4 Debeb 0.5 Gojjam Enese Godir Meda Debeb East Hulet Eju 5 Ambo Mesk 0.5 Gojjam Enese Teji Bahr Ambo Mesk East Hulet Eju 6 Sholaw 0.025 Gojjam Enese Teji Bahr Ambo Mesk East Hulet Eju 7 Lakech Wenz 1 Gojjam Enese Buha Geltima Laqech Wenz East Hulet Eju 8 ZufanGot 0.5 Gojjam Enese Abyotu selam Zufan Got East Hulet Eju 9 Tedima 2 0.25 Gojjam Enese Agere Birhan Tedima East Hulet Eju bere 10 Bere Ayitegash 0.25 Gojjam Enese beza Bizuhan Ayitegash East Hulet Eju 11 Matel 0.25 Gojjam Enese De/Selam Matel East Hulet Eju 12 Gult Mesk 0.5 Gojjam Enese A/Mariam Gult Mesk East Hulet Eju Shege 13 Ahiya Ejoch 1 Gojjam Enese Qeraniyo Ahiya Ejoch 14 Gibtsawit 0.25 East Hulet Eju Hiwote Selam Gibtsawit

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Gojjam Enese East Hulet Eju 15 Girggria 0.025 Gojjam Enese Selam Abebe Girgrit Total Hulet Eju Enese East Hulet Eju area Wereda 5.445 Gojjam Enese

East Shebel 1 Gulit Regregama bota ? Gojjam Berenta Gedayasu Gubit East Shebel 2 Zeqort ? Gojjam Berenta Gedayasu Zeqort East Shebel 3 Chergaga ? Gojjam Berenta Yeju Bayile Chergaga East Shebel 4 Gonji ? Gojjam Berenta Yeju Bayile Gonji Total Shebel Berenta East Shebel area Wereda ??? Gojjam Berenta Dasen;Shola;De/Moq East 1 moqa ? Gojjam Enemay Qeshemish ? East 2 Ziya 0.25 Gojjam Enemay Dima ? East 3 Goma ? Gojjam Enemay Ediget band ? East 4 Yenischa Gubis 10 Gojjam Enemay Gotera ? East 5 Gonga 0.12 Gojjam Enemay B/Debr ? East 5 Beand 6 Anba Minch 0.0125 Gojjam Enemay Densa ? Total 10.382 East area Enemay Wereda 5 Gojjam Enemay East 1 Demol 1 Gojjam Goncha Liso 3 ?

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East 2 ? 2 Gojjam Goncha Liso 5 ? East 3 ? 2 Gojjam Goncha Liso 8 ? East 4 Ende Gon 2 Gojjam Goncha Liso 13 ? East 5 Fofo 3 Gojjam Goncha Liso 18 ? East 6 Tiwa;Qola;Qetema 3 Gojjam Goncha Liso 20 ? East 7 Tsimot 6 Gojjam Goncha Liso 28 ? East 8 Meqiten Gossa 1 Gojjam Goncha Liso 32 ? Total East area Goncha Liso Wereda 20 Gojjam Goncha Liso East 1 Debre Medihanit 3.72 Gojjam Bibugn De/Medihanit ? East 2 Digo qonta 0.5 Gojjam Bibugn Digoquanta ? East Bibugn 3 Bibugn G/Mariam 0.25 Gojjam Bibugn G/Mariam ? East Fiqe Tor 4 Fiqetor Wadewon 0.25 Gojjam Bibugn waden ? East 5 Arusi 0.75 Gojjam Bibugn Arusi ? East Gena 6 Gena Memcha 0.5 Gojjam Bibugn Memcha ? East 7 Debrezeit Quchit 0.5 Gojjam Bibugn D/Zeit Quchit ? East 8 Ded 0.5 Gojjam Bibugn Ded ?

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East Amba 9 Amaba Amarsa 0.25 Gojjam Bibugn Amarsa ? East 10 Debre Tsion 0.25 Gojjam Bibugn Debre Tsion ? Total East area Bibugn Wereda 7.47 Gojjam Bibugn East 1 Gurgor 2.5 Gojjam Baso Liben Aratu amba ? East 2 Kure 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Aratu amba Minch East 3 Qetefetam 0.5 Gojjam Baso Liben Yelemlem Qetefetam East 4 Kure 0.1 Gojjam Baso Liben Yelemlem ? East 5 Zeles 0.25 Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol Zeles East 6 Yebuna 0.25 Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol Yebuna East 7 Birbir 0.065 Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol ? East 8 Yemekel 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol ? East 9 Wentu 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ? East 10 Jibat 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ? East 11 Godebye 0.25 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ? East 12 Aletin 0.5 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ? East 13 Haro Debay 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East 14 Aba Muye 0.1 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ? East 15 Debon 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ? East 16 Mankelkay Jung 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ? East 17 Jareyim 0.5 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ? East 18 Addis Amba 2 Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom Addis amba East 19 Goto 0.5 Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom ? East 20 Bered Wass 1 Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom ? East 21 Gundilmit 0.75 Gojjam Baso Liben Gundil Met ? East 22 Dejat 0.25 Gojjam Baso Liben Dejat Dejat East Yenischa 23 Yenischa Gubis 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Gubis Gidib Amba East 24 Lechim Mar 3 Gojjam Baso Liben Lechim Mar ? East 25 Yechebera 0.025 Gojjam Baso Liben Del Yechebera East 26 Qomi Regreg 3.15 Gojjam Baso Liben Degel ? Total East area Baso Liben Wereda 16.69 Gojjam Baso Liben East 1 Teterma 0.75 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha East 2 Densaw 1.25 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Emarit

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East 3 Ziqre 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha East 4 Shuka 8.5 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha East 5 Shemu 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Giraram Giraram East May 6 Damot 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam Yeweyan East May 7 Argedif 0.2 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam የ ወያ ን East May 8 Yebo 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam የ ወያ ን East May 9 Yeberdin 1.5 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam የ ወያ ን East Addis and 10 Manchire 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Gulit Lay Addis East Addis and 11 Aluta 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Gulit Lay Addis East Addis and 12 Kulech 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Gulit Lay Addis East 13 Sentera 3 Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa Sen Tera East 14 Dibago 3.5 Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa Dibago East 15 Jema 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Jima East 16 Set wuha 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Set wuha East 17 Agafari 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Agafari East 18 Yemesge 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Yeboqila Yemesge

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East 19 Delenta 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Yenebrna Delenta East 20 yebuna 0.125 Gojjam Gozamin Balarf yebuna East 21 A/Amba 0.125 Gojjam Gozamin Balarf A/Amba East 22 Chiwuqo 0.0625 Gojjam Gozamin Balarf Chiwuqo East Weyinma 23 Denderam 0.75 Gojjam Gozamin Gerim Denderam East Weyinma Lomi 24 Lomi Matebiya 1 Gojjam Gozamin Gerim Matebiya East Weyinma 25 Yebrna 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Gerim Yebrna East 26 Leqleqit 1.75 Gojjam Gozamin Leqleqit Leqleqit East 27 Arjina 4 Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Arjina East 28 Demashish 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Demashish East 29 Yebo Megod 3 Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Yebo Megod East 30 Geyima 6 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Geyima East 31 Wendiro 0.75 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Wendiro East 32 Bahr Dar 12 Gojjam Gozamin Chimberd Aset East 33 Enerta 1473 Gojjam Gozamin Enerta East 34 Yegagna 603 Gojjam Gozamin Yegagna

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East 35 Wenqa 604 Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa East 36 Yetijan 532 Gojjam Gozamin Yetijan East 37 A/Guleta 1510 Gojjam Gozamin A/Guleta East Weyinma 38 Weyinma Geram 600 Gojjam Gozamin Geram East 39 Wudar 600 Gojjam Gozamin Wudar East 40 Asab Abo 1254 Gojjam Gozamin Asab Abo East 41 Leqleqit 208 Gojjam Gozamin Leqleqit East 42 Chertekel 2000 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel East May 43 May Angetam 442 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam East 44 Deledel 220 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel East 45 Libanos 262 Gojjam Gozamin Libanos East 46 Balezaf 451 Gojjam Gozamin Balezaf East 47 Demba 19 Gojjam Gozamin Demba East 48 Chimt 60 Gojjam Gozamin Chimt East 49 Yebo 160 Gojjam Gozamin Yebo East 50 Qebi 161 Gojjam Gozamin Qebi

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East 51 Deba Enese 7 Gojjam Gozamin Deba Enese East 52 Chimberd 1810 Gojjam Gozamin Chimberd East 53 Yenebir 390 Gojjam Gozamin Yenebir East 54 Giraram 315 Gojjam Gozamin Giraram East 55 Yebokla 530 Gojjam Gozamin Yebokla East 56 Qegn Abo 175 Gojjam Gozamin Qegn Abo East 57 Gedemala 152 Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala East 58 Chiwuye 1.7 Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Chiwuye East 59 Gult ? Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Gult East 60 Yebul ? Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Yebuna East 61 Addis ? Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Addis East 62 Wenfitma 35 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Wenfitma East 63 Geyima 15 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Geyima East 64 Dilenta 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Yenebirna Dilenta East Wetrn 65 Enerata Gojjam Gozamin Enerta Chemba East 66 Addis and Gulit 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Addis Gulit Addis

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote East Weyinma 67 Dendelem ? Gojjam Gozamin Gerim Dendelem Total 14644. East area Gozamin Wereda 46 Gojjam Gozamin West 1 Gudera 80 Gojjam Jabitehnan

Wetland Name Area Zone Wered Kebele Gote S.No (ha) a Tsimiki 4 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Aguta 1 Shikudad Aguta Tsarka 0.03 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Aguta 2 Shikudad Aguta Kali Gurari 0.5 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Wonjela 3 Shikudad Aguta Wuslosa 0.25 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Wonjela 4 Shikudad Aguta Bawi 0.03 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Aguta 5 Shikudad Aguta Mayta 0.125 Awi Guagusa Absela Absela 6 Shikudad Warda Bekimayta 0.5 Awi Guagusa Absela Absela 7 Shikudad Warda Keteb 2 Awi Guagusa Zagra& its Zagra 8 Shikudad surrounding Engista/Awranta 4 Awi Guagusa Zagra& its Zagra 9 Shikudad surrounding Endandi 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Ashifa 10 Shikudad Mendebay 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Ashifa 11 Shikudad 12 Shalegna 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Addis Alem

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Wetland Name Area Zone Wered Kebele Gote S.No (ha) a Shikudad Lako 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Addis Alem 13 Shikudad Belewendy 2 Awi Guagusa Zagra& its Shima 14 Shikudad surrounding Armi 5 Awi Guagusa Chaba Zimsry 15 Shikudad Zimbre Chary Afnasta 1 Awi Guagusa Chaba Debre 16 Shikudad Zimbre Genet Achogy 4 Awi Guagusa Baguna Tach 17 Shikudad Baguna Dankur 0.25 Awi Guagusa Adega Marita 18 Shikudad Guashta Shemita 1 Awi Guagusa Askuna Agza 19 Shikudad Agza Egziabhirab 20 Asidabo 2 Awi Guagusa Shikudad Tilili Karnid 1 Awi Guagusa Askuna Lay Menga 21 Shikudad Agza Gosher 1 Awi Guagusa Askuna Lay Menga 22 Shikudad Agza Gifta 0.5 Awi Guagusa Askuna Egziabhirab 23 Shikudad Agza Total Guagusa Shikudad 31.185 Awi Guagusa Area Wereda Shikudad Dinbi 0.25 Huletu 1 Awi Ankesha Chaja G/Ghiorgis 2 Belges 15 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Dereb 3 Alemayehu Berfeze 15 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Zelen 4 Setsi 2 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Bako 5 Yejert Wuha 3 Awi Ankesha Dingusha Dingusha 6 Ate wuha 0.5 Awi Ankesha Dingusha Dingusha 7 Afasha 0.75 Awi Ankesha Buya Buya

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Wetland Name Area Zone Wered Kebele Gote S.No (ha) a 8 Mara 0.75 Awi Ankesha Buya Buya 9 Temek 8 Awi Ankesha Buya Sehenti 10 Masra Got 20 Awi Ankesha Mesla Masra 11 Zegenta 3 Awi Ankesha Mesla Mesla 12 Armi 30 Awi Ankesha Jebele Sahusa 13 Shuma 80.75 Awi Ankesha Jebele Shuma 14 Chala 44 Awi Ankesha Jebele Shuma 15 Areme Shehata 8 Awi Ankesha Qonzena Finasech 16 Tach Dihali 28 Awi Ankesha Chaja Chaja 17 Ambo 1 Awi Ankesha Beyinagunsi Goshita 18 Burusha 2 Awi Ankesha Beyinagunsi Goshita 19 Mankuta 1.5 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Tenkusha 20 Temim 2 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Manja 21 Birinta 1 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Manja 22 Tampi Bahir 1 Awi Ankesha Ambela Ambela 23 Biliko 0.5 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera 24 Dibana Tambi 2 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera 25 Basita Amba 5 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera 26 Koda 12 Awi Ankesha Ambara Ambara Bada 13 Chibachibas Chibachiba 27 Awi Ankesha a sa Gimbil 3 Chibachibas 28 Awi Ankesha a Chara Gozhgozh 2.5 Chibachibas 29 Awi Ankesha a Chara Bahusti 15 Chibachibas 30 Awi Ankesha a Chara 31 Gode 25 Awi Ankesha segno Denbisi 32 Enjor 1.5 Awi Ankesha Segno Mocheger 33 Deret 2.5 Awi Ankesha Tulta Tulta 34 Afeshita 2.5 Awi Ankesha Tulta Tulta 35 Dihrits 1 Awi Ankesha Wu/Wunbri Tach

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Wetland Name Area Zone Wered Kebele Gote S.No (ha) a wundigi 36 Amachena tiriba 2 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela 37 Tach Jabela 1 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela 38 Shenguch 2 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela Betena Yegenet 1 39 Waleha Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela 40 Amba giorgis 1.5 Awi Ankesha Kupor T/Kupor 41 Tsahab 0.5 Awi Ankesha Bekafta Bekafta Total Ankesha Wereda 361 Area Awi Ankesha

Wetland Name Area Wered S.No (ha) Zone a Kebele Gote 1 Washengara Chebere 12 Awi Zigem Aheti Sorit 2 Mesefina Gundebele 9 Awi Zigem Aheti Filem 3 Damotiho 1 Awi Zigem Akako Sariwi 4 Bahusit 4.25 Awi Zigem Akako Arja 5 Gisayita 10 Awi Zigem Gisayita Mengeha 6 Chifiqi 3.2 Awi Zigem gohanaj Chifqi Total Zigem Wereda 39.45 Area Awi Zigem

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Annex IX. Lists of wetlands found in the Fincha sub basin

Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Horo Abbay 1 Cheleleqa Gudru Chomen Genji;Haro Horo Abbay 2 Qetala Gudru Chomen Qetala Horo Abbay 3 Chama Wenz Gudru Chomen Genji;Qetela Horo Abbay 4 Amert Gudru Chomen Denbel; Godele Horo Abbay 5 Denje Gudru Chomen Qetela Horo Abbay 6 Neshe Gudru Chomen Sendabo Horo Abbay 7 Fincha Wenz Gudru Chomen Kolobena jere Horo Abbay 8 Qemed Wenz Gudru Chomen Didibe Estana Horo Abbay 9 Chomen Gudru Chomen Doyo Borso Horo Abbay 10 Ado Gudru Chomen Didibe Estana Horo Abbay 11 Abuna Total Gudru Chomen Bone Abuna Horo Abbay 12 Denje 15000 Gudru Chomen Qent Chabr Horo Abbay 13 Sheloko Gudru Chomen Ashaya;Dado Horo Abbay 14 Lega Gonbo Gudru Chomen Guditu Jima

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Horo Abbay 15 Lega Belbela Gudru Chomen Berbela Borgo Horo Abbay 16 Lega Goresu Gudru Chomen Berbela Borgo Horo Abbay 17 Lega Wendo Gudru Chomen Charo Gonbo Horo Abbay 18 Lega Jida Gudru Chomen Charo Gonbo Horo Abbay 19 Gude Gonbo Gudru Chomen Le/Keya Horo Abbay 20 Lega Dechasa Gudru Chomen Hunde Gudina Horo Abbay 21 Gode Didimtu Gudru Chomen kelela Didimtu Horo Abbay Joro Sreya 22 Chogo Gudru Chomen Tulununu Horo Abbay 23 Molgo 10 Gudru Chomen Kolobo Horo Abbay 24 Agus 36 Gudru Chomen Kolobo Horo Abbay 25 Homi ? Gudru Chomen Horo Abbay 26 Denje 34 Gudru Chomen Jere Horo Abbay 27 Qebena 6 Gudru Chomen Jere Horo Abbay 28 Debela 4 Gudru Chomen Jere Horo Abbay 29 Gefere 5 Gudru Chomen Jere Horo Abbay 30 Qorcha 6 Gudru Chomen Jere

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Horo Abbay 31 Rqicha 17 Gudru Chomen Jere Horo Abbay 32 Solo 13 Gudru Chomen Jere Horo Abbay 33 Melo 8 Gudru Chomen Jere Horo Abbay 34 Chama 14 Gudru Chomen Banji Qetele Horo Abbay 35 Shibu 8 Gudru Chomen Banji Qetele Horo Abbay 36 Rqicha 65 Gudru Chomen Banji Qetele Horo Abbay 37 Qemed Wenz 30 Gudru Chomen Duga Arbas Horo Abbay 38 Wenbere 15 Gudru Chomen Duga Arbas Horo Abbay 39 Melgo 11 Gudru Chomen Genji Haro Horo Abbay 40 Cheleleqa 1.5 Gudru Chomen Genji Haro Horo Abbay 41 Boye 8 Gudru Chomen Genji Haro Horo Abbay 42 Hama Lega 4 Gudru Chomen Genji Haro Horo Abbay 43 Boye 5 Gudru Chomen Genji Qere Horo Abbay 44 Boka Shum 4 Gudru Chomen Genji Qere Horo Abbay 45 Bachu 5 Gudru Chomen Genji Qere Horo Abbay 46 Chama 21 Gudru Chomen Homi

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Horo Abbay 47 Boye 10 Gudru Chomen Hom Horo Abbay 48 Meti 6 Gudru Chomen Denbel Horo Abbay 49 Belechi 4 Gudru Chomen Denbel Horo Abbay 50 Lega Deqe 6 Gudru Chomen Denbel Horo Abbay 51 Chiqif 2 Gudru Chomen Denbel Horo Abbay 52 Alat 6 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 53 Dengoro 5 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 54 Chimo 0.5 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 55 Beches 1 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 56 Fakaf 2 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 57 Qordana 1 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 58 Kombolcha 2 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 59 Qelbisa 9 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 60 Burchiw 2 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 61 Lega Anchote 6.25 Gudru Chomen Gudene Horo Abbay 62 Lega Kuta Shimela 3 Gudru Chomen Dino

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Horo Abbay 63 Lega Wereda 2 Gudru Chomen Dino Horo Abbay 64 Lega Wecha 4 Gudru Chomen Dino Horo Abbay 65 Lega Abayo 6 Gudru Chomen Dino Horo Abbay 66 Lega Cheb 4 Gudru Chomen Dino Horo Abbay 67 Lega Qerano 1 Gudru Chomen Dino Horo Abbay 68 Agemsa 4 Gudru Chomen Chenen Horo Abbay 69 Kebeda 2 Gudru Chomen Chenen Horo Abbay 70 Bebela 2 Gudru Chomen Chenen Horo Abbay 71 Lega Tadesse 5 Gudru Chomen Chenen Horo Abbay 72 Nale Wenz 10 Gudru Chomen Chenen Horo Abbay Sendabo 73 Abbay Wenz 6 Gudru Chomen Dengoro Horo Abbay Sendabo 74 Chirgu 4 Gudru Chomen Dengoro Horo Abbay Sendabo 75 Wanale 4 Gudru Chomen Dengoro Horo Abbay Sendabo 76 Nemara 1 Gudru Chomen Dengoro Horo Abbay Sendabo 77 Seru 3 Gudru Chomen Dengoro Horo Abbay Sendabo 78 Qorsa 2 Gudru Chomen Dengoro

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Horo Abbay Sendabo 79 Neshe 26 Gudru Chomen Dengoro Horo Abbay Sendabo 80 Dengoro 7 Gudru Chomen Dengoro Horo Abbay 81 Melke 4 Gudru Chomen Bote Horo Abbay 82 Buqe 4 Gudru Chomen Bote Horo Abbay 83 Fiqe 1 Gudru Chomen Aleku Horo Abbay 84 Gubn 6 Gudru Chomen Aleku Horo Abbay 85 Gutin 4 Gudru Chomen Aleku Horo Abbay 86 Ajer 1 Gudru Chomen Aleku Horo Abbay 87 Baso wenz 10 Gudru Chomen Aleku Horo Abbay 88 Yejim Wenz 5 Gudru Chomen Gutane Horo Abbay 89 Welde 7 Gudru Chomen Achane Horo Abbay 90 Fafa wena 6 Gudru Chomen Achane Total Abbay Chomen 2037.2 Horo Abbay Area Wereda 5 Gudru Chomen Horo Jima 1 Chitu 40 Gudru Genete Horo Jima 2 Buru;Bdidim 90 Gudru Genete Lelga Gombo Horo Jima 3 Selen 10 Gudru Genete

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Horo Jima 4 Weyila 10 Gudru Genete Horo Jima 5 Hunde Gudina 90 Gudru Genete Riqicha Sayil Horo Jima 6 Charo Gobena 50 Gudru Genete Wendi Horo Jima 7 Antet;Goraso;Wend ? Gudru Genete Horo Jima 8 Damo Gembo 10 Gudru Genete Wilno Total Horo Jima Area Jima Genete Wereda 300 Gudru Genete Horo 1 Sheloko 800 Gudru Horo A/Dado Sheleko Horo 2 Chabir;Buluq 65 Gudru Horo Ada/Buluk Sekelena Buluk Horo 3 Akuje Fincha 105 Gudru Horo Akeja Sabit Akeja Sabit

Chunqule;Abuna;Gu Horo 4 d Boqo;Foqa 45 Gudru Horo Gudina Atna Dinbe Abuna Horo 5 Dehaba Dosh 37 Gudru Horo Lot Ano Amara Chiko Horo 6 Gelebo Jebesa 450 Gudru Horo Doyo Beriso Deyona Bile Horo 7 Heche;Abuna 105 Gudru Horo Bone Abuna Bene Muleta Horo Ado;Kistana;Did 8 Ado;amerti 190 Gudru Horo De/Kistana ibe Horo 9 Goda Chabr 140 Gudru Horo Je/Chabr Chabr 10 Chunqube 30 Horo Horo Je/Chabr Chabr

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Area S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Gudru Horo 11 Qamadi 80 Gudru Horo Didibleq Didibe Total Horo Area Horo Wereda 2047 Gudru Horo Jeremet;Senbokum; Horo 1 Gose ? Gudru J/Jirete Horo 2 Degel;Chis ? Gudru Horo 3 Lilo Welege ? Gudru Umuru Horo 4 Abuna;Didibe;Sibet ? Gudru Horo Horo Jima 5 Bebela ? Gudru Rare Horo 6 Jera; Gembo ? Gudru Horo 7 Chomen Rare ? Gudru Gudru

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Annex X. Lists of wetlands found in the Beles sub basin

Wetland Area S/no Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Kebele 2 Mender Kebele 2 Mender Kebele 2 Mender 1 134 1002 Metekel Pawe 134 131/132/134 Kebele 2 Mender Kebele 2 Mender 2 28/29 1498 Metekel Pawe 28/29 Kebele 2 Mender 28/29

Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender 3 Mender 30 1980 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 30 5/6/30

Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender 4 Mender 17 1308 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 17 8/9/17 Kebele 2 Mender Kebele 2 Mender Kebele 2 Mender 5 23/45 467 Metekel Pawe 23/45 9/10/23/45

Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender 6 Mender 14 2971 Metekel Pawe Addis Zemen 14/15/16

Kebele 2 7 Mender 12 574 Metekel Pawe Debre Werq Kebele 2 Mender 11/12

Kebele 2 Kebele 1 mender 24 8 Mender 24 815 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 24 Segno gebya

Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender 9 Mender 21 2462 Metekel Pawe Addis beles 20/21/22

Kebele 2 10 Mender 26 485 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 26 Kebele 2 Mender 26 Abat beles kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender 11 Mender 1 2637 Metekel Pawe Abbat beles 01/02/51

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Wetland Area S/no Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote Medin kebele 2 12 Mender 3 1605 Metekel Pawe Medin Kebele1 Mender 3/4 Mekane Selam Kebele 1 Kebele1 Mender 13 Mender 49 1032 Metekel Pawe Mekane Selam 10/11/46/49

Kebele 1 Kebele1 Mender 14 Mender 4 1655 Metekel Pawe Kebele 1 Mender 4 2/3/4/5 Kebele 1 15 Mender 7 933 Metekel Pawe Kebele 1 Mender 7 Kebele1 Mender 6/7 Kebele 1 Mender Kebele 1 Mender Kebele1 Mender 16 127 171 Metekel Pawe 127 101/127 Kebele 1 Mender Kebele 1 Mender Kebele 1 Mender 17 104 547 Metekel Pawe 104 105/104 Pawe 18 Ketema 1205 Metekel Pawe Pawe ketema Pawe ketema Felege Selam Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender 19 Mender 4 305 Metekel Pawe Felege Selam 4;Tena Tabiyaw 20 Almu 195 Metekel Pawe Almu Almu Total Pawe Area Wereda 23847 Metekel Pawe 1 Angata 15 Metekel Dangur Chamch Angata 2 Endalema 46 Metekel Dangur Burzhi Endalema Total Dangur Area Wereda 61 Metekel Dangur 1 Ayishanza ? Metekel Mandura Wedit ?

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Wetland Area S/no Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote 2 Mozaga ? Metekel Mandura Gumade ? 3 ? ? Metekel Guba All kebele ? Eteshemo& manasibu, Gensegesa,&Begond i, Chancho and 1 661.5 Wonbera &sanki

Annex XI. Lists of wetlands found in the DiDessa sub basin

Wetlands Area Wetlands Area Woreda (ha) Woreda (ha) Geera 3245 Sigima 4711 Gomma 2421 Didessa 649 Gumay 1029 Gechi 1577 Limu Seka 242 Borecha 416 Limu Kossa 1063 Bedelle 1350 Manna 1038 Dapo Hana 1233 Kerssa 5817 Chewaka 21 Setema 1861 Cora 1772 Seqa Degga 765 cheqorsa 4221 Meko 730 Sha sambbo 1403 Total 35564

Annex XII. Lists of wetlands found in the Dabus sub basin

Area of Area of Woreda Wetlands Woreda Wetlands Gimbi 2698 M/sibu 14650 Aira 1031 Jarso 2325 Gulliso 2218 B/Gambel 2559 B/cokorsa 1339 Kondala 1920 B/Dimajii 1944 beghi 4544 K/kara 3387 Assossa 2200 Najo 11410 Kamashi 1036

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Area of Area of Woreda Wetlands Woreda Wetlands Antillo 1040 Jimma sayo 2839 Horro 510 Haula Gidami 6540 Galan 2080 Dale sadi 1880 Dale Lolo Qile 1385 Wabera 1060 Yamalgi Gawo Watel 146 Qebbe 1280

Annex XIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin

Wetlands Area Woreda (ha) Adaa 27 Jeldu 5

Annex XIV. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin

Area of Woreda wetlands(ha) Meket 3 Dawunt 6.72 Gubalafto 39.25 Gidan 4.5

Annex XV. Lists of wetlands found in North Gojjam sub basin

wetlands Woreda (ha) Hulet ejunese 5.445 Shebel Berenta 3 Enemay 10.3825 Goncha Sisoenese 20 38.8275

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