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The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance

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The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance ................. 16410$ $$FM 02-28-07 10:04:39 PS PAGE i International Humanitarian Affairs Series Keven M. Cahill, M.D., series editor To Bear Witness: A Journey of Healing and Solidarity Basics of International Humanitarian Missions Emergency Relief Operations Traditions, Values, and Humanitarian Action Technology for Humanitarian Action Human Security for All: A Tribute to Sergio Vieira de Mello Tropical Medicine: A Clinical Text, edited with Herbert Gilles, M.D. ................. 16410$ $$FM 02-28-07 10:04:39 PS PAGE ii The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance Edited by KEVIN M. CAHILL,M.D. A Joint Publication of FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS and THE CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION New York • 2007 ................. 16410$ $$FM 02-28-07 10:04:40 PS PAGE iii Copyright ᭧ 2007 The Center for International Humanitarian Cooperation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other— except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permis- sion of the publisher. International Humanitarian Affairs Series ISSN 1541-7409 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data [[To come]] Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 5 4 3 2 1 First edition ................. 16410$ $$FM 02-28-07 10:04:40 PS PAGE iv For Jan Eliasson whose extraordinary diplomatic career has been marked by a pas- sionate, and compassionate, identification with the victims of war, armed conflicts, and natural disasters. ................. 16410$ $$FM 02-28-07 10:04:40 PS PAGE v ................. 16410$ $$FM 02-28-07 10:04:40 PS PAGE vi CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Acronyms xi Introduction 1 Kevin M. Cahill, M.D. Part 1 Moving Targets 1. Patients Without Borders 13 Bernard Kouchner, M.D. 2. Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: A Decade of Promises 22 Sheri Fink, M.D. 3. No Justice Without Power: The Case for Humanitarian Intervention 41 Alexander Van Tulleken, M.D. Part 2 Military-Civilian Cooperation 4. The Humanitarian Community and the Private Sector 79 Tim Cross 5. Looking Beyond the ‘‘Latest and Greatest’’ 103 Christopher Holshek 6. Not If . But When and How? 132 Larry Hollingworth ................. 16410$ CNTS 02-28-07 10:04:43 PS PAGE vii viii CONTENTS 7. The 2005 Pakistan Earthquake 158 Nadeem Ahmed and Andrew MacLeod Part 3 Post-Conflict Issues 8. Protecting Societies in Transition 179 Geoff Loane, Lois Austin, and Pat Gibbons 9. Internal Displacement in West Africa: Challenges and Constraints 202 Claudia McGoldrick Part 4 The NGO Perspective 10. Coordination and Collaboration: An NGO View 243 Charles F. MacCormack 11. Being With Them 263 Lluis Magrin˜a`,S.J. 12. Transformation from Relief to a Justice and Solidarity Focus 279 Joan Neal Notes 293 Contributors 309 About the Center for International Humanitarian Cooperation and the Institute for International Humanitarian Affairs 313 ................. 16410$ CNTS 02-28-07 10:04:43 PS PAGE viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This text is the eighth volume in the International Humanitar- ian Affairs series published by Fordham University Press. I express my gratitude to the contributors for their chapters, and for their patience and goodwill during the editing process. The text was typed, and retyped, by Mrs. Rene´e Cahill; Sean Cahill proofread the manuscript; the staff of the Institute of International Humani- tarian Affairs graciously offered assistance throughout. Father Jo- seph McShane, S.J., President of Fordham University, and Mr. Robert Oppedisano and his staff at Fordham University Press provided both personal and institutional encouragement and support. ................. 16410$ $ACK 02-28-07 10:04:46 PS PAGE ix ................. 16410$ $ACK 02-28-07 10:04:46 PS PAGE x ACRONYMS ACBAR Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan Relief ADO Australian Defense Organization AI Amnesty International AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIMS Afghanistan Information Management Service ALNAP Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action ALSS Advanced Logistic Support Site APOD Air Ports of Disembarkation BAPSC British Association of Private Security Companies BSG Brigade Support Group CA Civil Affairs officers CAP Consolidated Appeals Process (UN) CCA/UNDAF Common Country Assessment/UN Development Assistance Framework CDC Centers for Disease Control CERF Central Emergency Revolving Fund CHAP Common Humanitarian Action Plan CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIHC Center for International Humanitarian Cooperation CIMIC Civilian-military cooperation CINCEUR Commander-in-Chief, U.S. European Command CMOC Civil-military operations centers CONDO Contractors Deployed on Operations CONLOG Contractor Logistics CPA Central Provisional Authority CRED Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters CRS Catholic Relief Services CWS Church World Services DAC Development Assistance Committee ................. 16410$ ACRO 02-28-07 10:04:52 PS PAGE xi xii ACRONYMS DFID Department for Foreign International Development (UK) DOB Deployed Operating Bases DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo ECHO European Community Humanitarian Office ECOMOG Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ERC Emergency Relief Coordinator FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FMB Forward Mounting Base(s) FRSA Force Rear Support Area GEMAP Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program HDC Humanitarian Dialogue Center HEWS Humanitarian Early-Warning System HPN Humanitarian Practice Network HRR Humanitarian Response Review HRW Human Rights Watch IAPTC International Association of Peacekeeping Training Centers IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICC International Criminal Court ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDHA International Diploma in Humanitarian Assistance IDP Internally displaced person IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IHL International Humanitarian Law IIHA Institute of International Humanitarian Affairs, Fordham University ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IOM International Organization for Migration IRC International Rescue Committee IRIN Integrated Regional Information Networks L of C Line of Communication ................. 16410$ ACRO 02-28-07 10:04:52 PS PAGE xii ACRONYMS xiii LRRRC Liberia Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission MONUC United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo MSF Medicins sans Frontieres—Doctors Without Borders NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NGO Nongovernmental organization OAS Organization of American States OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (U.S.) OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe OSOCC Onsite Coordination Center RSOI Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SITREP Situation report SPLA Sudan Peoples Liberation Army SPOD Sea Ports of Disembarkation UNAMIR United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda UNDAC United Nations Disaster and Coordination UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund UNIENET International Disaster Management Information Network UNMIL United Nations Mission in Liberia UNOCI United Nations Operation in Coˆte d’Ivoire UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force (in Yugoslavia) UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees ................. 16410$ ACRO 02-28-07 10:04:52 PS PAGE xiii xiv ACRONYMS UNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance Group USAID U.S. Agency for International Development WFP World Food Program (UN) WHO World Health Organization ................. 16410$ ACRO 02-28-07 10:04:52 PS PAGE xiv The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance ................. 16410$ HFTL 02-28-07 10:04:56 PS PAGE xv ................. 16410$ HFTL 02-28-07 10:04:56 PS PAGE xvi INTRODUCTION Kevin M. Cahill, M.D. Everything evolves and grows or it stagnates and dies. This is clearly true in nature, where plants and animals need to con- stantly adapt for their species to survive. It is also obvious that the philosophic, economic, and even religious bases of civilization change in response to unforeseen challenges, sometimes influ- enced by new technology and knowledge, often in reaction to failures. In the medical world the humbling process of an autopsy—a detailed postmortem examination—allows pathologists and clini- cians to better understand the causes of death. It is, simultane- ously, a study intended to stimulate solutions in the endless fight against disease and to improve our methods of treating, and even preventing, fatal complications. Individuals and societies striving to create a more peaceful world must learn from past mistakes as well, constantly analyzing practices and principles once accepted as inevitable. If a better approach to the terrible problems that divide humanity seems feasible, then mankind must have the wis- dom, and the courage, to try new paths forward. This is the essence of diplomacy—the art of searching for a common ground while avoiding the seductive trap
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