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1958

The Poor Apprentices of Boston: Indentures of Poor Children Bound out Apprentice by the Overseers of the Poor of Boston, 1734-1776

William Graham Millar College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences

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Recommended Citation Millar, William Graham, "The Poor Apprentices of Boston: Indentures of Poor Children Bound out Apprentice by the Overseers of the Poor of Boston, 1734-1776" (1958). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539624505. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-mghv-ct94

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TUB FOOt APPftfKTXCSS OF BOS TOM ' (< Indentures o f Boor Children Bound Out Apprentice

By the 'Overseers ■ of the Boor of Boston, X734«*I7?6

Compiled., with an Introductory Bssay

A Thesis

Presented to

the Faculty of the Department of History

The College of w illisst and Mary

In: Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree Master sof Arts

by W. Crahaia M illar

Ju ly , 1058 APPROVAL SHEET

'This thesis is submitted la partial fulfllliaerit of the requiremesiis for Hie degree of Master of Arts

W» Graham M illar

Approved:

/tc

HaxoM t . Fowler#.- Hi.B,

James M# Smith, Ptj*D

July 1958 prhpacb

'Ute purpose of this thesis i$ threefold ; first, to present 4a tab­ ular form the essence of 693 indentures of poor children apprenticed by the Overseers of the Foor of Boston* Massachusetts* £tm 1734*1776) second* to pise# these indentures in their historical setting! and third* to shew how the pooxwappreatie eship laws of the Province of Massachusetts were carried out* ibe dates 1734-1776 were determined in part by the souicesi fox no indentures for poor diildren exist before 1734* 1 have chosen 1776 as the terminal date because it marks the end of the ^provincial” period in Massachusetts and because very few poor apprentices were bound out during the Revolution*. In fact, 1776 was the low point in the number of indentures from 1734 to 1803*

My thanks are due to the following fox assistance* advice* and inspiration in the preparation of this thesis; to the College of William md Mary fox the graduate m&istmtsbMp which helped carry idle financial burdens of a year of study) and to Re* iawrence w. Ibvmer of the College and of the Institute of laxly American History and Culture for suggesting this topic and for undergoing with admirable fortitude my constant harass­ ment while it was in progress* the indentures here presented were taken from microfilm he secured from the City, _ of Boston for his own wofk. He kindly placed them at my disposal* I., must also egress my appreciation to Drs* Harold 1* Bowler and James, M.* Smith who served on my examining iv

committee; to Hr# Richard t» Morton and the members of the Department of History of the College of william and Mary? and to Hr# tester J* Cappon and the staff of the Institute of Early American Bis tory and Culture# all of whom have given me the benefit of their wisdom and candor# Mr* Jaa es

Servies and the staff of the eolle ge library have given valuable assistance In locating materials#

Ho my parents* William and Margaret Miliar# who have given me con# sten t encouragement in a ll that 1 have tried to accomplish! t can hardly egress my debt; I cm never hope to repay it#

Williamsbnrgt Virginia W%. Graham M illar July4 , 1053 axrsam

Preface*, * * « iv Introductory Essay v ii The Indentures * * * * I Appendix At Voluntary lndentme&% 62 Appendix 8». table l :f Toms and Counties 63 table It*. Apprentice's tirades , _ 69 fable lit#. Masteti* Occupations 72

ta b le If* length of Indentures * 75 Bibliography 77 Vita 30

XhUlSTMTWm following Figure 1* Muster of Indentures of PoorChildren, by Sex .# *S* *//> Figure 2t Itaber of Boys Bound to trades * *, * f * , * SI Map of Massachusetts <1943) * * * , * ******* 30 JBTR043UCTORY ESSAY

too* APPft®TICESHI3? BI BOSTON, 1734*1776 ram mmmncmBW m msvm$ i m - i m

the indentures of poor children bound out as apprentices by the Overseers of the Boor of Boston were pasted# a t ■some indiscernible date* into six large votames of approximately two hundred numbered pages each* Volumne 1 covers the years i734~i?Si$ Volume 1I# 1752-1762$ Volume III* 1763-1760$ Volume IV# 1770-1779$ Volume V* 1780-1792$ and Volume VI* 1793- 1805# These records * which were only recently unearthed* have been micro- filmed* three volumes to each of two reels# In the preparation of this thesis the microfilm copies were utilised*. The original indentures are now housed in the office of the Clerk of the City of Boston* reJbaps some indication of the historical value of these records can be seen from the fact that, they represent one of .only two large collectiom of indenture# in the .United States* The other* numbering some two thousand contracts of indentured servants# is in Philadelphia# Only in England are there any other indentures- relating to the American, colonies* f

One point must be made clear* In the eighteenth century# the word indenture was synonymous with contract; therefore Hie child ret* discussed here shot Id in so my be confused with what are usually referred to- as “In­ dentured servants, “ They were apprentices* Just as were those children m more fortunate circumstances whose parents bound them out to learn a trade* The only apparent difference was that these were poor diHdren* bound out by Hie overseers of the poor*.

Prom 1734 to- 1776* the period covered here# there are exf ant 692 Indentures of poor Boston children bound out by the overseers* The forms* v i i i whidfe stain ed fairly constant during the entire period* differ slig h tly fro® those uted for voluntary indentures* ohe example shown here- is tlio indenture of Isaiah Thomas to Zachariafe FOWle* printer* of Boston* Thomas cool# fee Oast as the hero of a colonial Horatio Alger story* for he rose * from his position as a poor apprentice to become' m outstanding Mmldm.- publisher* a personal, friend of Franklin*Jefferson#and other Revolutionary leaders.| the author of a history of printing in America!!# and the founder’ 2 of the American Antiquarian Society*

BUS INDENTURE iflBUSSSSXB m at (Jacob Wendell Andrew Oliver %qr, Isaac Walker £b&ie&e* Stoner John Tudor md William Phillips Gentlemen) Over­ seers of the 'Boor of the Tom of Boston in- the County of Suffolk in ggw Sjtglaad* by and with the Consent oFtwo of his Majesty’s Justices of^the Peace for Said County* Have placed and by these Presents do- place and bind out (Isaiah Thomas a poor £b£US belonging to said Boston unto Zacharlab Bowie of .Boston aforesaid Printer and to his Wife -and heirs) and with (them) after the Manner of an Apprentice to Dwell and Serve* from the Pay of these Presents* until the (Eig&h day of January which will be .in the year ofOur lord One thousand Seven hundred and Sixty-nine at which fine the said Apprentice if hiving w ill Arrive to the- Age df Twenty (hie years) During a ll which\fisse and Term* the said Apprentice (his) said Master (and Mistress) well and faith fu lly ’shall serve# Ctheir) Secrets he shall keep close* (th e ir5 (kim&andmeiits lawful and honest every where he-'shall gladly obey; he shall do no- damage to (his) said Master (etc*,) nor suffer it to be done by others, without let ting or giving seasonable notice thereof to (his) said Master (etc#) he shall not waste the goods of (his) said Master (etc*) nor lend them- unlawfully to. aayj a t Cards* Bice* or any other uateffitt Game or Games he shall not play* Fornication he shall not commit s. Matrimony (during the said- ¥'mm) he shall not contract t Taverns* Me^Hotises* or Places of Gaming fee ehall not taint or frequent# ’ Fro® the, service of (his) said Master (etc*) by Pay nor Night be shall not absent Chimlself ? but in -all Things and at att Times* he sh a ll> carry and behave (him) se lf towards (his) said Master (ete#> and all (theirs).as a good and faithful. Apprentice ought ten do (to big ut~ most Ability) during the 'Time or Tern aforesaid# And the said Master doth hereby Covenant and Agree- (for himself his Wife and feeler to teach or Cause the said Apprentice to be taught by the best way md means he can- the Art and Mistery of A P rinter, also to Read Write and Cypher*) And -also sh all and will* well and truly”find* allow to* md provide for the said Apprentice* sufficient m d tiiolesome Meat and Brink* with washing* lodging (and apparel) and other necessaries meet and convenient for such an. Apprentice* during all the Time or Tfera aforesaid* and at the Bad and Bscpiration thereof sh all (dis­ miss the said Apprentice with two good Suits of Apparrell for all p~x£s *af his Body Cue for the Lac d*s days the other for working dayCiSuiitablel-tolixie i s

degree) W TESTMSfit the a aid parties have to these indentures interchangeably set their Bands and Seal* the (fourth) day o f (June) in the (29 th) fear of the- Eeipi of Our Sovereign; (Lord George- the Second King Over Great Britain eta*) Mmque Domini, One Ihousand Seven Hundred and (Fifty Six}* \ Signed Seated md delivered <-/ Czech* fowle) in Bresence of Cus)

(Samuel Mdy) •(Will lam Seymour) CStiffoth Sat (Boston July m 1756) 3 (John Pnillips) (Justices (Assented to by} (John Bill) of the Peace)

the forms used at f i r s t carried the information '^Overseers of the Poor of the Worn of Boston in, the Bounty of Suffplb In fe£ lagland# by and with .the Consent of two of his Majesty^ Justices of the fem e &r Said 4 County , n w ritten in by hand* These were probably standard indenture forms# which could be used for any apprentice#, whether bound voluntarily m by the town*, they were- procurable at most printing establishments. An indenture specifically intended for the Boston overseers was Issued in 1749#, with the reference to the overseers printed titer eon. The only other substantial change mode before the Revolution (when 'the reference to the King mm- deleted) came in 1763# when words which had appeared in blach letter type were reset in larged Roman.

■for each child bound out# two copies of the indenture m m drawn up* die# Mite that quoted above# was signed by the master# two witnesses* and the two justices whose Consent was necessary to bind out the child* the other was signed by the justices and the overseers of the poor* M most instances#, only that copy signed by the master has survived! in some*, only *st

that signed by the overseers* Bat in every ease inhere both copies of a child fs indenture are available*. there is one signed by .the master and one by the overseers* strongly suggesting, that' this was the standard procedure#

Prom the notes pasted in with the indentures we can establish the facts that one copy was retained by the overseers* that the other was held by the master*, and that the copies were to be exchanged when the apprentice was freed#. I t seems logical that the overseers would retain the copy -signed-by the master* M voluntary indentures* the apprentice held h is am copy, but so way of the poor apprentices wets of a tender age, it does rot m m probably that they would have been intrusted, with the care of so im** ( portent a document* In addition'* the overseers were responsible for looking / ■after the good treatment of the children, as^were the parents o# voluntary / apprentices. Top* it isy..more/' likely that the copy held by the or erseers* / x being held in a public repository of, .some kind* would be more likely to smev vive* and the vast majority of indentures bear the masters* signature#

Hie whanging of the indentures at the end of the to*** presents a ’ problem* I t is known, that at least some of the indentures were eHcbaaged* On. August l f t 1789* Nathan Sargeant wrote t© the Overseers* ,fl have sent by William Hartshorn his Indentures to be exchanged* ** ' and in m undated note with the indenture of John Plant* Timothy Ruggles informed th e ' overseers that Plant had rthaiis£ed in the Continental service for three years* and as th at period of time is after he is twenty one t should be dud Ton would 7 Exchange his. Indentures*..*,.*,11 Hate that- Ruggles mentioned *%is". $|f#sn*®?3P®• “ -- ~w.J} •fcl a 3&t flaps indicating that the copy. ■/held by the 'overseers /' was/to go / to the former vy/ ■apprentice.* ftsrtber proof oftrt&is is found in a re^pe^i ftxm Samuel tihib* well*. one of the oask' *zg one of his colleagues to delivet'Benjamin- .Bus&ard*. a freed apprentice* "his Indenture*** 8 f&y the!?,, are so many of the copie* supposedly .held by. the o*v.?seers e^faatt,... Hae only probable answer© that can be given are that the overseers either gave the apprentice the other copy* or that the apprentice* living a considerable distance from Boston* aijht cot have bo tine red .to, make die exchange* since he could take the master’s copy* viherebotk copies of the indenture are found in the volumes* we may reason that the master sent his copy to the overseers, hot that those gentle* men for some reason mwer gave a copy to the apprentice*

Mother Question is raised by the fact that in some instances two -dates appear on the copy, bearing the mas ter % signature $ one in the body*, the other with the signature of the justices* ffttich then*, was ’’the day of these presents* ’* when the indenture tool; effect? mat in the body appears to he the effective date* for it is unlikely that the master would have made- two t rips to Poston*** one - to f i l l out the indenture* the other to pick up the cliiM after the justices had added th eir names* & so | on the copy signed by the overseers# me dates N are the same*, therefore it is reasonable to assume that since one copy had t already been attested* the justices* signatures on the other were more or less a matter of form.# and that they could have been added la te r a t the convenience of the magistrates and the overseers* If so# it is further proof that the overseers* retained the copy signed by the master*

Scattered throughout the indentures are several notes from master© and other persons*, some of which are cited below* Ihere are also several Indentures of the type used for voluntary apprenticeship* t&efftg? these appear in the tnofrn by mistake# or are those of children bound out by their parents under circumstances similar to those bound out by die overseers, it is impossible to say#- Uiey have not been considered in this analysis, but have been abstracted#, and the vital information from them has been included as Appendix A#

With three hundred of the Indentures -«* slightly under oae4ialf the to ta l— are recommendations as to the master #s character and suitability for taking m apprentice, from the selectmen of his town#' Until October 1 f$B§ these were hand written! ofler that a printed form was used*

10 the Overseers of the Poor of the Town of Boston oam— ' """ ’" ~~~ — We, the Subscribers#, the major part of the Select~Men o£ the town of Certify that of said Ibm is a fen of sober life and Conversation! and -la such Cir- tances, that we can recommend him as a fit person to .'bind ait Apprentice to# 9 Witness -Our Hands fflls

Some hand written forms were used after lfS8# doubtless when the select** me*! of a tom had no printed- forms in their possession*

There is no specification either in the lawssof Massachusetts or In the Boston records that these recommendations were a necessary prerequisite for taking an apprentice! neither is there any way of telling Aether or not each master had- one made out for him*. We can say surely only that they appear with the indentures of eh IB ren bound to men of a ll stations and occupations—- farmers#, merchants#, mariners,, gentlemen#, clergymen -.—coming from, almost •every corner of Massachusetts#, with Hie notable e^eptiong of Boston,, Only two x i ii

10 tmmmrnmatiom appear £m mm. who m m tm M m tm i that city, suggesting that they may have been intended, -solely lot noa-Bostooians« If so*, this would partially account for the fact that only three hundred of them exist-* the otherst being small in sire* might eatlly have been lost or inadvertently discarded*- ’ there is a p o ssib ility that recommendations also served as appli* cations to take an apprentice.! hut only a few masters oho -took more than one child have more fefe one recommendation extant*

these records fomu fee hulk of the materials from which this thesis | has been written; fee information from them make-up fee greater part of fee completed product* But by themselves fee indentures are hardly more than curios* for we cannot hope to understand th a t they meant without also understanding fee reasons im their existence* fo do this %m must look briefly at fee origins of fee system of binding out poor children* and at

fee laws of which- these indentures were fee direct result*

In -fee seventeenth -and eighteenth centuries fee family was looked upon as fee true basis of a stable and orderly society throughout fee entire Englisti«speaking community* Ibis was -especially true among Mm Bag** landers in the Puritan tradition for in their eyes fee family was a holy in** siitiition*. established by the Creator to aid Bin in saving fee souls of Bis elect* Has not God fee Father of all believers* and did He .not require in. fee Fifth Commandment feat one should "Honor fey father and fey mother”? m a t aom proof was needed? qpite naturally fee Puritan churches m m constantly concerned with keeping family solidarity in their congregations#

From the pulpit fee ministers reminded fee attendant "saints* of their -divinely ordained family responsibilities; in sane cases fee churches took it upon themselves to settle family quarrels that the unity might not he Impaired# And m e he unto the person who strayed from the path# ’*Bor her reviling of her husband and s tricking o f him and other vild and wicked curses# " one Boston-woman m s &&ommxcate&* Other Instances of similar action show that

. . 12 -this was no isolated Incident* *

Similarly# the laws of the holy community reflected concern for the family* Probably the most severe was the one setting forth capital punish* 13 mmt for disobedient or disrespectful children* A Massachusetts statute of ld-36 required single persons to- live with some established family. Bor

... ^ ■■•*»/ failure to comply the offender could be made to reside with a famll|5r ■Chosen by the tom authorities* " "Shore was no mention of age in this provision; seemingly it applied to single persons of any age. instances where this law was carried out can be found itt surviving cn*ri records-. John titteale was ordered by the Essex County Court to s e ttle with o family;,by October 12# 1672# as his living alone subjected him "to much sin and iniquity# which are the 15 companions m d consequences of n solitary life# ***** Connecticut had a similar law* enacted in 1637* and other colonies* including Plymouth# followed 16 suit. A provision of like nature was embodied in a Massachusetts law of 17 1703#- and remained in effect throughout the eighteenth century.

A family relationship assisted between servants and masters almost as much as i t did between patents and children* the "servanty who might be a slave* a redemptions*# an apprentice* or simply a hired worker# was- expected by custom and by 1 m to obey and revere his master as he would his - own father. Stiff penalties# including whippings# resulted from. £ allure to do- so*. It mattered not if the master was harsh* or if be worked the servant long hours § m obedience bad yet to be maintained*- what time the servant had aside ffO» his work was s till not his own* He was forbidden# for example, to- freciuent tfverns#. and tavern keepers were forbidden to serve him* Her Could the servant do in anything else his master forbade* On the other hand# masters like the one who hung his servant by the heels as punishment were subject to c iv il or erimi~ nal action* In such cases of extreme cruelty# the servant could fee released fro® his indenture and bound out to another master*"'

If the servant had to revere his master as a father# so had the master to bring the servant up as a son or daughter* Hie earliest compulsory 9dMC&* tion laws in Hew Bigland provided that masters as well as parents bore the responsibility of teaching# or haying taught* children in their Charge a trade 20 and to read#,, and to instruct them in the proper religions precepts* which* i t was taken for granted# were those of the Puritan faith* Here again failure, 21 to follow the law could result in the child feeing bound to someone else* Mdst 'masters* however*, took their duties seriously# as law*abiding#Gftdkfearing citizens* A girl bound to Cotton Mather probably surprised few people when# on feeing received into the communion of the church* she claimed th at the in* ftnm m of toe godly Mather family had been an essential part of .her conversion# but this was m i toe only case -wherein toe influence of a family was given, at 22 least partial credit for regeneration* ' Meed* it was part of toe duty of a im iljfy to help their child ren and. servants along toe toad to salvation.

With this strong emphasis on toe family* i t fellows that the responsibility im the care of toe poor fell* where practicable* on the members of the paype*% family* m e o f toe f i r s t acts of to e. newly erected I'rovinee of mmmJcMmettB acvi

proper charge (fat inhabitants) * ** * in case through sickness* lameness* or otb e m im they stand in need of relief*is to he home by such town* unless the relations of such poor impotent person in the lin e o r degree of father or grandfather,' motbenbr grandmother* children ot grandchildren foe of sufficient ability! then such relations respeet& Ively shall relieve such poor person in such manner as the justices of the peace in that county* *,« 3haXl assess* on. pain, that every one- 33 failing therein shall forfeit twenty shillings for every monthV neglect,* th is law remained in sta tu te boohs long after Massachusetts had ceased to foe a colony* proof in itself that the gradual breakdown of the old Puritan tradition did not necessarily carry with it a loss of the fatally centered society#

Hie practice of binding out poor children as apprentices was also in accord with the idea that each person should foe a member of some responsible family* but its origin goes beyond the establishment of the Puritan common** wealth to the noted leg islatio n of Hicafoetfo t 1 the Statute of Artificers of

1563 and Hie Poor law of 160$,. Hie former*- to a large m tm t a codification of the practices of the guilds respecting apprenticeship* also established overseers o f the .poor,*, charged with the responsibility of carrying out measures of poor relief in each parish* the statute gave them and the justices of the peace the authority to bind out as apprentices persons under twenty-one who 24 had no regular employment* / Hie law of 1601* among other stipulations* permitted the binding out of pauper#* children and the children of large families if it was- thought they might la the future become objects of public 35 charity* 'Clearly* these measures weird, more than just a method of relieving the poori they were also an attempt to prevent pauperism* As in the la te r colonial poor laws* the family was given a large share of the task*- x ffiii

^ It, .Mas in 161# feat fee feglisfc system of iadenturittg poor children was introduced on this side of fee Atlantic. la feat year one hundred ■jf tasteless children fro® london wore seat to Virginia to serve m apprentices* fees© children# a ll of vfam m tz twelve or more years old* were to herve at least seven years# fee minimum stipulated for. all uproot ices by fee Statute of A rtificers# Boys were to be freed at tweaty*otte# g irls at the' same age or upon marriage* So satisfied were fee Virginians wife fees© So children that fee oast- year ■ they requested another hundred*

Bsmtoi< colonies adopts, compulsory apprenticeship laws of their own* Hie Massachusetts act of 1636# is addition to forbidding single persons to live alone# provided that they could be bound out to service if 27 that was deemed desirable* Hi© 1642 statue gave towns the. authority "to put forth apprentice the children of such as shall not be able and fit! to employ and bring fern up*** Ifo&sjtms the first provision of this sort in fee colonies* Unlike the feglish statues* this and future Massachusetts laws set no minimum tern for the apprenticeship# so feat the binding out of ^ . 28 children for less than seven years was fartiy common.. By fee end of fee colonial period#, every colony timd some form of apprenticeship for the children of persons unable to teach them a trade or otherwise educate the® properly* -" In general# these laws were based on fee fegtish system#though they did not a ll follow it exactly*

Appr eniic©ship as a form of poor relief came into full flower in Massachusetts during fee ’provincial*# period ~~ from fee union of Massachusetts Bay and Plymoti th in 1691 to fee time of Independence in 1776* fee General Court included# in a 1692 law regulating fee- selection md duties of town jcv iii

o fficers ,f a section permitting the seiectnen or overseers of fee poor# wife fee assent of two justices of fee peace# "to., bind any poor children belonging to each town to be apprentices where they shall see convenient** *to maximum. or minimum term. M l get fer the length of service? feeonly limits were feat boys were to serve.until twenty-one* g irls until eighteen or marriage* It was noted feat fee indenture was to have, full legal effect* fee same as if fee 30 child had been bound out by Ms or her parents*

Although fee law provided broadly for fee apprenticing of "any poor children*** i t was sometimes misconstriied to apply only to children Whose parents received aims* thus in 1703 an- act was passed to clarify fee original enactment# Hie new Im made It clear feat fee selectmen or. fee overseers could bind out any children- who# in their consideration* could not be supported by their parents*: regardless of fee fact. >tfCfiving ... -PT.* / V, . ►. jf alms or any other form of assistance* the only requirement was feat fee parents be not assessed for public taxes* or any other "province or .town. charges**1 Further* i t was .provided feat the selectmen or overseers could inquire as to how fee children they had bound out were treated.* md to see 33 feat fee children were in no danger of misuse*

Srcept for m act of 1735 which applied only to Boston* md which w ill be discussed later* m changes were made in fee poor apprenticeship laws until 1741*. When i t was decided feat something should be done for fee children of the poor who lived outside fee bounds of any town* Accordingly* the- justices of the peace' in each county were given the power to appoint as overseers of fee poor three freeholders* who could* wife fee justices* consent# bind out 33 children under fee same conditions as could their counterparts in fee towns.#. xiat

tine failure of some masters and servants to carry out the terns of 1L* their contracts resulted in a new law in 1758* Tnis stipulated that if on complaint of the overseers of the poor or selectmen before the courts of gm* oral, session It was found that: ,»* any Indented* bmigh% o r anyway legally hound,., servant or apprentice.* is abused or evil treated* by * their masters or mistresses, or that the education of ouch children in -reading or writing and cyphering*, accord* lug to the tenors of th eir indentures:* has been unreasonably neglected.#,. the master could be fined up to five petmd§* to be used for relief' of the.! poor* aad/or the. court couM order the servant or apprentice to be discharged from-Ms indenture. Boys under twenfy«

h final law covering poor apprenticeship was enacted, in Iffl* By its provisions the oversee is of the poor in any town* with the usual Judicial consent* could bind out any poor children living the town who were not legally residents* If their - condition was such that they would have been bound out had they been residents* Any expense incurred was to be borne by the to n 34 to which the children belonged*

the responsibility for carrying out the apprenticeship of the poor children* md all other "acts for the relief of the poor* devolved upon the overseers of the poor of each ton* Whereas the overseers In fttgiand- were parish officers* those in liassachusetts were agents of the ton* Hie? had been specifically authorised In the same act which set up the system of poor apprenticeship in 1692* tons were enabled **ie choose three* five* seven or nine persons* able and. discreet* of good conversation*** to serve as s *

overseers of Hie poor# One of their duties* m mentioned in the law* was to see that ail, persons of any age who had. insufficient estates to maintain themselves were employed at **some honest calling/* that to y might not const!** 3 5 tute a burden to the town#

Boston had set up its overseers of the poor two years before* in 1690, when the tovm meeting appointed • Hathll# M iilass* -Hr# B e n ito KMker* Hr# Ms* Coleman and Hr, Sysseon Stoddard to be overseers of itfee poor for the ye are ensueingd* #• to draw up cmd^preseEt^rmto the Generali Court such proposals as they shall aprehend needfuii for the Orderlage and itaproveiiige of them* - to imploy and se t 'the poore a worfee*

Hie Boston overseers had no special' iegitfation enacted in their behalf until 1735, vMm i t became clear that Bos torn,, to 'largest ton in the province* needed more than the prescribed maximum of nine overseers# In March of that year t o town petitioned to- General. Court to allow an increase in to number 37 e^verseers# this was soon granted* with the provision that each of the

twelve to be appointed was to have particular charge of one of the equal jujus ** her of' wards Auto- which the mm was to be divided* but that no one of than was to act in such a maimer as to impair to authority of any of Ms colleagues#

At le ast onee a month each overseers was to v is it M s ward* and* also monthly,. t o twelve were to meet together to discuss what needed to be done to best 3S Carey out th eir office#

M May* 1772, t o overseers were o ffic ially incorporated by m act of the General Court# this* i t was believed* would enable them to ccarry nut

th eir duties more readily and effectively# they were empowered to hold funds up to the amount of sixty thousand pounds, and to purchase lands up to the value of fifte e n hundred pounds to be used at their discretion for the relief of the poor* Also#the? were permitted to make any by-laws# **mt re» pugnant to the laws of the land,” necessary for the proper discharge of their 39 defies# these by~iaws were to have the foil force of law#

The overseers received financial support in a number of ways* appro­ priations were voted fey the town in various amounts, the highest feeing eight,

thousand pounds in I f §9 and %t71# .Bar the other years for which there are records of appropriations # the amounts varied from four thousand five hundred 40 pounds in 1760 to seven thousand pounds m 1764 and 1773* Other funds came 41 4 from the sale of manufactures of the almshouse and workhouse* from donations* and in one instance which must have shaken the shades of the devout Puritan 4 3 founders| fro# the proceeds of a dance in Faneuil Hall#

Hie powers and duties of the overseers were equally varied* they were authorised to warn away "intruders” -^persons of an undesirable nature not fee- 44 longing to die town* to ascertain the condition of the poors and to take 4 5 measures to set the able poor at work*. ifce almshouse# which stood at the foot of Beacon Hill, was their responsibility, they had to examine persons before admitting them to assure that they were ^proper Objects of the Charity of th is 1tarn*” to appoint a master and assistants to run the house# and to In* 40 spect it to see that it was' feeing properly maintained# In if$St with-..per- mission, from the town meeting# they divided the almshouse so as. to. separate 4 7 poor inmates from those committed "for vice and disorder*" By 1735 the numbers of the poor in Boston«-and presumably the mmbex of those engaged in vice and disorder**-*had so increased that i t was necessary to begin construction of a new workhouse* Here the inmates were required to work# andhere id le per­

sons not in need ofcharity might fee committed. Ihe workhouse was completed 48 and turned over to the overseers in 1739. Two years later it was found neces- i s t f m is&v&em fiie %lm-- of the oM cOiishoaso* md In. lf4S moilier public institution vm d ie ted * th is tioe a house* m n t to the tom&mafy foe the So coo£te23ont of persons*** "

la addlftoti to Hes# dstieo* the overseers of the poopwete soas tte e i SI catted upon to assist other tom officials In eiitcying oat tielt ftmotioo^- finaliy, and for ontr pannes most. laiportaot# they were responsible for He proper ttainliig of poor children#

It la ififftcsft to say /#6|‘ how m il the ovoftStoogsof -the poo* of Boston enforced the a^prmtieesbip provisions of the acts Of 1003 md 1703 S3 for the available indentures asxier tlmso tom begin at 1734* other devei** cprients* however* did? th a t they were doing something toward educating the offspring of tiepoor#, when f i t oot^lt&a&tt of' a apiiusitsg ee;*ooli for tie training of any Children of the tom t&oee parents sight ecad Horn mm&iwm Considered & t730* It was decided that poet patents# uanhlo to afford the fees Charged# could sm& their children at-‘tom ggpoos&g and that the sestet of the echoedt mold fee obliged to teach ftn*% ®fte? «h;tidi?&i coold be sent by the e«c$* S3 mme* ' a spinning school was estaMiohed In- 1768* but mem failed* and its properties were tote* at a loss by the tom* Has ft# If my jmor children ®me£Mke& £$m it*. ^

H e te#which lad increased tb e number o f overseers a im repaired a flaw In the act of 1703 by permitting the overseers to bind out the children o f poor persona «to mre'#atad for t«e% m long as they were not rated lot 55 their personal estates# His in itself suggests that at least sane child* tm of non-rated inhabitants had been bound out* and that it had been found Hat the group is question* uncovered by previous statutes* stood in need of some way to educate their children* He same law also gave the overseers of the poor authority to bind out children whose parents and. neglected their Sd education* Bo* those children not bound out by the town whose parents still could not afford to send them to school * it m s provided in 1744 that 5 7 the overseers could send them* and that the town would bear the expense* m the surface*, this would seem to assure all the children of Boston some formal education* ^

lhat the overseers bound out poor children by 1741 is clearly es­ tablished by the extant indentures of twenty-one children whom they had SB assigned 'to various masters* But at least one Boston resident thought they were not doing the Job well enough * md introduced into the town meeting on May 8* 1741 a motion requesting the overseers "Vigourouslyto pursue the Steps of the law* irogxmering them, to put fbosr Children out to Service*.„ :*

Evidently, be was in the ainority, for the motion was voted down,59

in the same year r,some Interest* was expressed in a house -for the use of poor children*, but nothing further appears la the records concerning the project* 60 It .is conceivable that the Increased number of children, bound out by the overseers made such an institution unnecessary* la any case* it would have been inconsistent with Hie concept of the need for family arrange* ©eats to place children in a home removed from family. - Influence*

Ute .indenturing of poor children, may be looked upon as a combination of two existing institutions rather than as the creation of something new* Public institu tio n s such as the almshouse and workhouse had not replaced the family as the most desirable .institution for the care of the poors they merely supplemented it* the law* i t 'must be remembered,, specifically named the family as having the first tr e s p a s s ability for poo t relief* the practice of apprenticeship provided a workable and .acceptable means of sending children to b family not their ow* Htws the apprenticing of poor cMif res. was as., natch a method of poor re lie f as i t was one of training oad%$i!&atl08* u ‘

Ute number of poor child tm bound out by the Boston Overseers shows a alight but not constant increase fmm 1740* the first year four which there are significant figures# to-1775* when there Is a Sharp decline* During th is period, Hie year with the largest number of indentures was 1768* idiea forty* six children, were hound out*. Bear most years, however* Hie average m s between fifteen and tw enty,^

Several reasons can. be given for the overall increase* One may he the simple fact that the longer the system remained in effect* the more people became fam iliar with' it* and were willing to tale advantage of it* More im­ portant, Boston was alone among the five large colonial ports In. showing a de­ crease in population and business activity during much of the period* Popu­ lation declined from 16*382 in 1743 to 15,631 In 1760, By 1775 it had risen, but only by a few hundred* to 16,000. Business was being shuttled to other 63 ports, which expanded as Boston slipped* ' la th is situ atio n , an increase .la the number of the poor is not surprising* and fro® statements made in the Boston town''meetings*: we know that the problem of Hie poor was serious during 63 those years* ' thus there was a larger- number of children in circumstances which would permit th eir binding out by the overseers of the poor* Also* Figure 1

JRJMBKR OF IRDEMTtJRES FOR POOR CHILDREH BT S H , 1754-1776 by 5 peer periods, except 1754 and 1775-76

\ S a !

1754 1740 1745 1750 1765 1760 1765 1770 177* 1744 1748 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776 throughout the period# there was an acute labor shortage throughout mo colonies t

m acute in fact# that the Bxglish Cub tom of paying a premium to a master for taking apprentices mm far to m prevalent here* It was by no means nonexistent* 64 but masters vjtxo demanded no premium wtre plentiful* Here then* was a source of labor* for apprentices not only learned but produced* m d the master lost nothing by taking a poor child rather than one whose parents might not be willing to pay a premium*

the decrease In the number of poor apprentices in IW $ ami 1776 Is almost phenomenal* from the twenty*three children bound out in 1774* the figure dropped to five .in W7B and one Is 1776* These years* of course* were the first years of the Eevoiution* when for part of the time Boston was under seige by the Ckmti&eafai Army* and When a disturbance in the normal functions of the town §om tm mif was to be ejected* Binding out poor children would be a minor a ffa ir caapated to the prosecution of the war and the setting up of the &m state government* especially In a town Where the leading citizens were Samuel Mams and Jolm Hancock*, Cftiat some of the older boys among the candidates for apprenticeship may have ended.up in the army is not.out of the guestion; we knew that at least one apprentice did. But this- would account for only a few*} A glance at the indentures for the years following 1776 shows that the number picked up again as conditions became more settled after the war# 65

The children bound out by the overseers came from two sources* First* there were those from the almshouse* as several of the notes with the indentures testify* Solomon DiaS&aft wrote to the overseers in 1768 requesting one of them 66 to ^asis't my Sun jfetm to g it a boy out of the arms bouse*" Thomas Banks* who was found unable to learn the trade to which he had 'hem bound* cam, item the KKVi

alffishotsse .1 6? m d Ester Burgean, characterised by her master as ”of so Bail and Stupid Capacity as not to he Capable of doing any Service of account***” 68 came from the same place*

Cther children came from families who*. thongs not In the almshouse * coiid not support than* That these should be bound out mm m accordance with the law of 1703* Seme parents in such clreiaiS fauces wrote to the overseers either requesting th m to hind out their children* or to legalise act Indenture already informally concluded# Hannah Smith* a widow* wrote that since her husband*s death she could not maintain herself and her' children* • m d ashed the overseers to approve of the binding of her eldest son to Theodore Beiione* a 69 barber* This the overseers subsequently did* John Milton of Boston sent his son in a sim ilar instance to Charles Cushing, Bsquire, of Fomalborough* m d ashed the overseers to make out an indenture *bn the terms you think will 70 be most for his advantage*” The overseers compiled the wm t day* Isaiah Thomas * in Hie sketch of Ms own. life in, his History of Printing in America* says that he was apprenticed by his mother, md makes no mention of the over** 71 seers of the poor* although m indenture for him exists* Other children could, be, and no doubt were, bound' out by the overseers without parental, consent* la accordance with the authority given in the acts of 1703 m d 1733*f3L Unfortu­ nately* we have no documentary evidence of cases where this was done# If the overseers could bind out the children without action on the part of the parents* why did parents take the trouble to find .a master for their children, then go to the overseers for the indenture? Probably because in this way they had. some voice as to Which trade the child was to be sent* and because children bound out by the overseers were under their protection from ill treatment and misuse.*.

How many of these poor children were from Immigrant families is hard xxvii

to say* for we do not know the names of the immigrants* However* C lifford E. Shiptors has estimated that tip to 1740 two**thirds of the inmates of Hie almshouse were immigrants* and that of these* the Scots* Irish formed the larg est group* with some coming from. English and Bugenots **©£ the lower social a 73 orders* But after 1740 Immigrants arrived at Boston in fa r smaller numbers* 74 partly due to the depressed commercial for tunes of Hie town*

411 of the children hound out fey the overseers were from Boston* but only one-third of them (234) were bound to masters residing in that city* Hie majority were scattered throughout Massachusetts* .with a few going to New Hampshire and Connecticut# Table I shows the exact figures for each community. The distribution reflects to same extent the occupations of Hie masters to whom the children were bound*- la years when maritime tradesmen took sore apprentices* the numbers sent to seaconst towns are larger* and when ©ore went to farmers* the inland towns show an increase*. Thin accounts for some of the grouping of the numbers * Notice* for example* that in the years when a large number of boys were apprenticed to mariners* the figure for such towns as N ellfleet and Marblehead are at th eir peak* ■ and that Worcester* an inland county, has only eight apprentices' from 1760 through 1764* when the number of farmers taking poor children declined, but that Hie number increased in the next ten years wheb the farmers as masters did the same* A similar situation is noticeable for llamp** shire ^County. There are exceptions, to this* After 1759 the number of Children sent to Plymouth County declined greatly* perhaps Indicating the economic con­ dition of skat area*. Only Boston* which took children in maritime and (mostly) skilled trades* shows any sort of consistency.

Some counties* like Hikes* -Nantucket* and the ^ialne counties*” which a&PilA

%m® m®steely T O o io tti god out of t i t way* tools yory fat* ooiidrm* on* wottM 0© oa&ottddb $opswfaim eastt m til 1774 to* pseooat a tfsiM 7$ iw m feelag Ocott& out of tt*Q co&my# r t#*i men clearly ^ not & general p fte tl^ t* only tin of t i l g&Udr&i iof't tiaosoctootitc* m a tiiay neat to rtfjo&igg ialoaiss* S is #1 meet cast wttfeIn i74$»f?49*

HitO me exception of X7S&*t7S% ttare to a renarikfiOXe ootyolotoflOy In 76 ttse ratio of Ooyo to girts O 2 0 «s t i t poor apyreof tc iit f t retains appragj** m taly three to t bo -ia $ m m of tfte boy&« H?e IioMresi elgn$y**fjiae g irta m m tmm& ootg °n ocapaf^i w lii foor sisacSeod tire e freye* tbot m am m m fewer girls tta» Hoys doooo logical* for girls wots yery rarely isogtsf a tte no a setweo of ptotetiw imer mo? mm m t nearly m useful m toyo#

Ui$i only one ossoopttoa gift# noro to team ohai today wrnsM ie termed nlwm mmm.§&Q*r' Specifically, .|S6 w ifi to tm m imBmsMotf# XQO epir&try* a to *%tl&£ sow* aod so te|,, a&t c$e mo trade of a smatemi ncteri or d&das&ft&f# fno f it s f t&reo ore Out dlffirtsii ways of o^isaisg tieesne ftiing# Ml tim e to loam **iM art md cteiery Of & splitittr*1 folk wtttilo ** fitteaa year periog s CJ.?45~lfSi>* t£ » # preDUQtiftXy* wtoyer wrote not f i e moimMd i*mt ti&x&l to UonoowXfoiryf * g$. £@p*a&ficge gt&o.poistd a s iltf Ifte of tt& ttos*gie# and one %-mrnom iw &mf &$3&e$ttsettg tastes ^agestef** to tboi? Ossa**

'km^B fiat It wooM 0 # a t e to Oto- Sena feoip otono# tie Souse* especially alaoo more wife moot poor p late In Beet-#i oouXO M pot to worn for m m m f&m m oif &oep#,

ftfttQO loss on&foroity^m om In tlio trcioo to wnicn m t Ooyo tao*© opprootloog* fer i?orpOQOO of ooopariro% f iiy art groopoi &otof tod In tiM e Iff oofer four J3tailo03f ogrlcoXtoroX troclee* m r l t f e trades $ me gaadry eniXlod NUMBER OF BOYS BOUND TO AGRICULTURAL, MARITIME, AND OTHER TRADES 1754-1776; by 5 year periods except 1754 and 1775-76 . / / / / / / / / / / / / 7 J / 7 / / / 7 7 / 7 7 / / 7 7 ^ v w w u w u w v v w w v v r sr u l r EB / / / / / Z M V \ 7 7 7 / / 7 7 7 7 7 V 7 2 A \ iue 2 Figure

1754 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1705 1770 1 775 1744 1749 1754 1759 1784 1769 1774 1776 trades, and those hairing no trade lis te d a the indenture* Under agriculture m m these hoys who m m to he htisbanten, those to he f& mezs (the terns being synonymous), and s is hoy© learning two trades, one of them agriculture* The number of hoys apprenticed to agriculture show©' violent ups and downs; in the ten years from 1700 to 1760 there were ten* during the next five years there were twenty-eight. Faming, of course* is subject to strong fluctuation* which may account for some of this, And it may have been that agriculture served the purpose of taking up the slash when the demand for apprentices in other trades t*as le ss.

Maritime trades include all those primarily connected with the sea* though many of them* such as ropeoaketa* shipwrights*and sailmafcers# did not involve actual seafaring* ihe maritime trades account for eighty-seven hoys* roughly 20 per cent of -the total* Certainly the fact that Such a large per­ centage were involved in this type of work indicates the relative importance of the sea to- Massachusetts* M maritime activities increased in the years preceding the Revolution* the number of boys apprenticed to maritime trades increased* there was a significant decline after 1770* part of which may be laid to the difficulties imposed on the Boston traders- and shippers by the in­ tolerable Acts of 1774*

the other shilled trades were by no means Isolated from those above* Coopers* who with thirty represent the largest number among them, were needed In Communities of a ll types—agricultural * commercial* and maritime-** as were cordwaiaers, blacksmiths, tailors* and other tradesmen* In a ll but one five year span* from 0 6 $ to 106% 'the shilled trades have the greatest number of boys bound out, mud in general they keep the same proportion of thejfcotal. the demm^fov apprentices in these trades, less effected by the weather or by navi- gation acts* md so necessary to daily living, would naturally bo more even than for other trades*

Accounting for boy© for whom no trades are specified on the indentured is a knottier ,proM@t;*. All o f the® were bound either t# farmersor to the professional or "gentry1* class# Ibis in itself- gimtfm & & tie* for no poor boy, gaits obviously* would be taught to be a gentleman or an "esquire" in the eight* em th century sense of the words, Nor were m y to bo taught to be "clerks** {clergymen) or physicians, to some cases boys bound to these men m m to be taugfci agriculture* presumably on the master#s estate or on a local farm, Almost all boys with no trade listed were to go to outlying areas#

I t may be that some o f the boys for whom no trade is specified would be taught one at the master1© discretion* or would be prepared for some kind of -general labor, Also,*, sine# the system was one of' pm t re lie f*. i t may have been deemed more desirable to bind a boy out without indicating a trade than to leave him in a destitute home or in the almshouse# toe number of boys with no specified trade is large only from 1765 to 1769* when the number sent to learn agriculture is at Its lowest point* which may be indicative of hard times in agricultural areas,

toe provision for reading* writing* and cyphering for boys* and reading and writing for girls was only rarely omitted* usually in the cases of older children who bay already have learned to do so*

to some oases* poor children were bound out more than, once* too inden­ tures exist* for eraapie* for Robert: Humphreys, a ftegro boy* who had the dis~t tinction of being bound out iwicfe within toe space of two weeks—on October 2(|* ,1760 to Jof m sSddardt a Boston merchant*. and on Hovember 1* 1768 to John Smith*

* 1*3 another Boston merchant* Thomas Banks was bound out for a second time in 1770 because be bad proven physic ally unable to io llm j the trade of husbandry* *yo to which he had been apprenticed* His net? trade was that of a cordwaiaer* Abigail Cox was bound twice to the same ©aster, William Warland of Boston* for two years in 1758* then for one year in 17601 no doubt because a mistake had 70 been made in figuring vdien her eighteenth birthday would arrive* “

Masters* occupations provide an interesting comparison with the trades their apprentices were to learn* Since only six girls were bound to unmarried women, f t would seem likely that any difference between the number of masters having a particular occupation and the number of boys learning that trade would be in the ©asters1 favor* However, oitty Jfetia$ee .©asters' werecoopers* and thirty boys learned the cooper’s trade* The explanation is that in several cases boys were to learn a different trade from that of their ©asters* We have already noted that clergymen* gentlemen*, escjuires, and physicians had boys bound to them taught some other trade, m d this accounts for most of the difference* But there were also instances where men of other callings did the same*. In 1741, Jonathan Bass*-, a yeoman, contracted to teach his apprentice -the trade of a weaver* Other farmers took boys the were to learn blacksmithing and coopering*, /toother so boy apprenticed to be a cooper had a master whose occupation was whaling* I t is possible that these men,* who had to be able to perform the functions of many trades* would be able to teach them to apprentices, but it must also be remembered that the master contracted teach or Cause the said apprentice to be taught1* a particular trade* He did not necessarily have to teach it himself#

Of the groups of ©asters* occupations, it was the maritime which took the smallest percentage of girls* Here* of course, was the group in which there were moaelikely to.fee single men, m d g irls were sent only to fam ilies. Sending boys to unmarried mariners was soodtihet inconsistent with the Ideal behind poor apprenticeship, tout even a married mariner -would not -hate his family with him. at sea, where he spent most of his time,

the minimum term of seven years for an. apprentice prescribed toy the Statute of Ariifitors was not coos Intently-followed in the colonies. Terms from one year to twenty years were common, and only the figures for Mm York la the early eighteenth century show any majority following the customary fern. So it was with the children bound out toy the overseers* The average tern of boys was for 10*7 years ?■ the average age a t apprenticeship 10/3* The longest . indentures for boys were for twenty/years* meaning that those boys 'were bound out at the age of one. The shortest term was for one year. Almost 40 per cent of the boyswere bound for between thirteen and sixteen years, and about half the total were apprenticed before reaching the -age of ten* less than 7 per cent were bound for seven-year terms.

G irts were bound for m average of 8,5 years, or at an average age of nine and one-half* Their tew s ranged iw m one to seventeen years, with 36 per cent bound for between ten m d thirteen years, just over 12 per cent were bound for seven years. One thing was strictly observed*** the requirement that boys toe freed at twenty-one, and girts at eighteen. To have done otherwise would have been in violation of the law* No girts, incidentally, were permitted to Contract marriage, and thus receive their f reedom at an earlier age* There appears to toe no relationship between the length of indentures for boys or girls and the number of children, bound to m y particular trade, group of masters, or geographical area* xacxiii

freedom 4 u m m aiiaoat every instance consisted of #*two good suits of Appartell***oae for the Lord’s days the other for working days ,.***1 Bvery g irl received this payments no g irl received- soy thing additional# With too ye* the situation was m m m hni different* t& ile only one boy’s -indenture failed to specify clothing,, ninety-six of them- were given either money or some other payment • in addition to clothing# Usually, the cash payment amounted to 113-6/3 so ‘’current money,** ' tout money payments were given, ranging from L2-3/0 to 125. Three boys received fishing gear* one got "twenty acres of good unimproved land,** and others received similar gifts# Thirty-three of these extra payments were given to boys for whoa no trade was specified on the indenture $ the rest went to hoys who were engaged in agriculture or navigation* By five year periods, we have the following figures;

1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 Total thru thru 'thru thru,- thru thru ih m 1744 1.749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 Trade omitted on indenture 3? £*£?& payment without trade 1 0 2 2 5 21 2 33 Bstrs payment with trade 3 6 6 8 2 8 30 63

Seventeen of the hoys who received no-money with -no trade specified were bound to husbandmen, three to masters whose occupations were omitted on the indenture, and thirteen to the gentry or professional class* Of those re­ ceiving additional payment with a trade, forty-seven went to husbandry, eleven to navigation, two to toe eordwainers, one a shoreman, and one a tolortssaker*

in cases where m trade was spec if led, the extra payment may have been in compensation for that fact* The reason, for 00 many payments from 1770 to 1774 to boys who learned trades can only toe guessed at* Two possible answers may be that the turbulent conditions of the times made it seem, desirable to give the ss s iv

apprentices something to get started, ®m or tlidt i t had b o m. found they could not always • get jobs Immediately, and the extra payment was designed to help tide the® over until they could secure employment*

It would seem that the system, of poor apprenticeship, as carried out m Boston*- was satisfactory* Had i f not been so* i f would undoubtedly have been changed or abolished* Hie arrangement fu lfille d the provisions .of Massa* cfiusetts law concerning poor children* and In so doing was- in full accord with tile beliefs that each person should be a member of m established family and * * that the best possible institution for the care of the poor.was the family, Hie children were removed from the m i overly desirable atmosphere of the alms­ house or from their destitute homes m d placed with families who could bring them up In a manner more beneficial to the children and to society* Boor apprenticeship also provide a source of labor* and gave the community* at the end of each indenture, one more shilled worker to add his share to the pjroduc** tivity of the colony* At the same time it helped- insure that the person would be less likely to require poor relief himself* Finally* it serve the happy pur­ pose* especially to the thrifty Bostonians, of saving the imm from paying for fe t upkeep of the children bound out#

Much more remains to be done on fee subject* I t is unfortunate that there m e no indentures available which could shed lig h t on fee practice before 173&, and none between 1734 and 1740* They would give us a much-more complete picture* However fee remaining Boston Indentures*- those from 1777 to 1805*. should be investigated* If almshouse records are available, i t would be valuable to check them against fee list of indentured children* to see if all children in a u aar

in fee almshouse were bound out* A Survey should toe made of what became of fee children after they had served their apprenticeship* to $ m k m mmy§ like taainh Thomas,.became prominent citizens# ox achj^ed even a mild prosperity* Avail able im lists* lists of Massachusetts colonial# state# and local officials* census compilations* court records* m d cenealogieai works would toe useful fox this purpose*

Court records and newspapers need to toe checked to find out how many of the apprentices ran away* m d why they did set and how many of fee children bound out mote than once had been taken away from a harsh ©aster* fee only hints on the latter point in fee materials covered in this thesis are feat few children were bound out more than once* and feat of them* one was physically unable to perform fee labor of his trade. The only other complaints from 83 masters concern two- girls who were obviously mentally defective*

Much work could also toe done on fee overseers of fee poor* there is ff much information concerning their activities in fee Boston records* and cer­ tainly fee court records would show additional data concerning them*. Finally* fee subject should toe expanded to cover a ll of fee colonies* fthat renders this impossible at fee moment is feat no indentures save those of Boston are available, ffeea m d if others emerge i t m the basements and attics of courthouses* archives, and libraries* per haps the job con toe done* m m

JL m m t Stetson Smith, Colonists jp BmSsgSi kbits Servitude md Convict tabor in America* 1607-1??$ (Chapel H ill, 194?), 340a. 7 f i i .incla5tii.res in rn^Mm include io^ooo W l’ristoi* 3,000 in and ?0D In Mid&b sex County* Hte microfilms used here a at aim other records. Mm® is a list of some of the children bound out by the overseers between Beeember 23, 1749 and August 28 , 1736. including the-names of the- children* the smses of the masters# md the inclusive dates of the indentures* mother list consists of persons residing In the Boston almshouse in August* 1756* ft s contains, beside the names* an. account for beds, rugs, hlan'&ets,pairs of sheets.! m d shifts and shifts# presumably those issued to the inmates maned* tilth each- name appears a musfeer* possibly that of the room occupied'by the person in the almshouse* Both'of these lists are in separate, smaller notebooks. After the indenture dated December 15, 1741, is a lis t of "Sundries,*’ pro sumably fssxsishings# In the .almshouse* At the m d of reel 2 there is a sepa~ rate book listing the inhabitants of Boston in 1695# '-and chiB tm apptmt&ced between September .24, 1679, m d February 27, 1690* Since the overseers of the poor were m t created until later, the m % f thing which would indicate that these children were bound out by the town is their inclusion with the other IMaatures* Hence#, they have mot been considered in the discussion of Hit appreatic^ing of children before 17S4, 2* Neither Clifford R# 5bipt©&% biography.," |sa!.ajt Hiom&s % Printer* Patriot and Philanthropist (Rochester# 1948), $ior R. W TW ^aii’s' artxcle on Thomas STthe M ctieuary of American' Biography (Bumas Malone (ed* > 20 vois., Hew fork 1936) mentron the FB: t*3EWWe-15as^n3Si tured by the overseers, 3* Boston Indentures# X?34~I803* Indentures of Poor- Child ten Bound Out as Apprentices by the Overseers of the Poor of the M m of Bos ton* SJbs, Volumes,. In the Office of the Clerk of the City of Boston* Microfilm- copy In the Institute of Bariy American History m d Culture,. Williamsburg, Vat II, 74, Hie indenture, ’as- reproduced, is mot a line for ’line copy* information which was written into the original by hand appears here .in parenthesis* Words set In black letter type on the indenture are shown here in large capitals* 4* for a good,, legible example, eee the indenture of Mary HaeHamcirai June 3, 174?.. Boston. Indentures* I,. 152* 5* See, fo r’an- example, Hie indenture of Mary Feck, September 2* 1741, ibid.* IS, i 6* Hathan Sargeant to the Overseers of the Poor of Boston, August 17, 1789. Boston Indentures, IV, 133* Its all direct quotations I have Allowed the "e^aaded method" as outlined in Oscar Bamdiia et* al* . Harvard feide Jo ^AmerlcaCHistoiyTCCaobriageyll^^ Tcer r£ ^.2 tc -v ■=.> xLid,y

7, Timothy Buggies to the Overseers of the Poor of Boston, undated, ibid*, 103. S. S samel VftxitvmXl to Captain Partite* iteeea&er 12* 1787* ibid* * 59* 9* Printed RecooraendatiOK fraa Selectmen* Boston Indentures* II* 105, 10* See indentures of Samite! Russell* f^bctafy 9#, 1745* sad Jeremiah Rhodes* 4 p ftl % 1749* pp* % If* beta?* l i f j&bixkI s# Morgan* Jhg, Pytitgg on Religion and Bo&estie Relations In Sov$ntesnt&' gj§llBiSHBjjS W e l T 1§ o ig %

.12* Ibid,* 83, ‘tS i£ icld a g n and Mvi3d" a te spelfe d a s in the o r ig in a l* as fpoted i f ' Morgan,

13* Slitiirtloff* H. 3* <«*«}* Records of the Burner and of Massachusetts Bay, 4 vols*. (Boston* ISS 8 )*/ % 179^180, 14* Ibid**. 186. IS* Morgan* .guiritan 3S~86# frees Rgnex Court Records* V* 104, 16, Ibid** 85# If* Aefs y d Regolfts* TfflUd and Private* of tg^ pgmimm of Massachusetts Say*"^iiTy5li, t5853S®T 1JTSS®T ***"" 18* Morgan* Pnrltaa Pmlly* 42*65* See the restrictions on the indenture* p* lac* ' 19# Ibid# * 6(U69* 20* Records of the C arnot and *.*.** II* 8.9* 31.* Morgan*. Pii.rltan fytliy*. ¥ 2« 22, mid** 70, and Resolves* I* 67*68*. 24, Patti H* Dough $* American apprenticeship and .feidttstrial Bdyeatly (Hew? vorh* 1921)* 25*26$ Robert $,* Kelso* History of Ftiblic Boot H ilieF iE Massa* chasefts, 1620^1920 (Boston* 1932)* 2®*" 25 Bottglas, f 26 i Helso* m ot Relief* 20*. 26* Richard B, Morris* Government and labor in Aaerica (Has? YorR* 1946)* 385* 27, Records of the Governor and Company* I* 186 ^ sffiswisi

28* ttsg ayf Cmpmy* II# 0* Sfee Appm&tet I* Ts&te IV* feelm*'" ' w ' *,"aw“ i“ * 29» Howglas* %pr

33*. Acts ■ m d Resolves* t% 179*

34# A c ts m € M bo%m&* % lit * »nw>ipjifc»jriir, vm****nn ■ n,'i>fr T .j iiiii'J‘t:>i'i.<^ii*ij»il Lr * - 35, Acts and Resol yes, I, 63-67, .36. Record Ccssalssioaess ot the City of Boston* Reports, 39 tots* (Boston, 1876-1909), fit, 206. Hereafter cited as Reports. 37, Reports, XIX, 104. 38, Acts and Resolves. It, 756* 39, Acts and Resolves, V, 177-178,

40, Reports, XVI, 42, 58, 93,.. 118, 145, 185, 214, 247, 293j XVIJ, 60, 86 *. 135. there is no indication whether this was Massachusetts currency or Sterling.' 41, Reports, XII, 131-132, 42, Reports, m u , 177, 43, .Reports, XVII,.88* 44, Acts and Resolves, II, fSi, 45, Reports. VIII, 23*: m t ibid., 101*

47. Ibid** lil»113i 48, Acte and Resolves, li, 757-758; Reports. XII, 1 1 1 , 330,

49, Reports’, XII, 3 8 1 * 50. Reports, XIV, 77, 89* 52* Hie f i r s t mention of children. bmmI out fey- motion of the town is. found in the Boston .records of 1673* M m m gifB -and three boys ranging in. age from ei^it to twenty y m m m m ordered to be bmttdfaui by their parents* or failing that* by the selectmen* Is 4pril 1681 * the town ordered Maty Sepaio* a Hegro g ir l vMme mother had died and. i&ose father bad been banished.* to fee' hound out until the age- of thirty* Sports., vn* 67*. 146* 53. Reports* VHI*. 137.

54* Kelso* Boor Relief* life* 35* |c i 8 and Resolves» 11* 757* 36* S M *t 738*

37* Reports* XIV* 50*

58* See indentures for 1740-1741* feeler* 50* Reports* XII*. 276-277* 60* Ibid** 282 ♦ 61* See Appendix 8 * faMe I* and Figure I*. 62* Carl Bridenfean^j* Cifie^in Revolt? l l l p i t i l e in *$gri£as J743-17761 (net? Vorlc* 1755)*. 5* 47* 58* 216* t i t l W rel atioasSIF^xs appSrSt'' feiteeo" the price index in" Boston s tm 1752 to 1765 and the number of apprentices bound out fey the overseers M those years*. Hit p riod of highest prices* from 1756 to 1763* Shows no dgnifleant increase in the number of poor apprentices* and the years In which the greatest number of poor children were fecund out are those in which Hie .price SM m m siig h tly above the ootm—the very years: tdteo* in the words of the Tfesgt Meeting,*, "the Boot of the lbv 2t#**are dayly increasing fey the te e of its trade and commerce ***#*1 (Ruth Ctondall* *WholQ$&JB Commo­ dify Prices in Boston During the Bi^iteeafh Century*1* Review of. BcoEomic Statistics*. Iff (June 15 and September 15* 1934)t pp* iiy^liaT^ITl^iafrRecords*

63* Reports* XII* 313 1 273* 64* Morris-* G>vegmieaf gpd lafeof* 369-370;: Carl Sridgabaugjh* the Colonial. Craftsman, CfSfl&S* BridtfibaiJgjb makes mote oF*taSSTSSS' iSSa does Morris*. wS® e la te tint the Inch of records of premiums does m i necessarily moan that £m .were paid* 65* Boston Indentures* t% 145* ff* 66* Solomon Binkhsm to the 0 m m m m of the Poor of Boston* January 28 * 1768* Boston Indentures* III* 157* §7* William Williams to the Overseers of tbe Poor of Boston,* January 23*. 1770* Booton indentures* IV* IS* 68 * B&vid 8 u*f#e to. the Overseers of fit# Boor of Boston,. May 7* 1771* Ib id .* #3* 60* Maanati Baker to t i t Oyggsears of the Foot of Boston (undated)* Boston indentures* 111* 139* 8 ef indenture*, Apr& 30* 176% below* p* 46* 70. John Milton t© ilte overseers ©I the Boor of Boston* digest 30* 1768* ibid.* ISO* See indenture, -August 3.1* 1768* below* p* 47* 71* , Isaiah mornas* % e History of Print iiifg in- aneriee (Worcester* 1010)* I* 360* This hook*. IneidentSHyr is s lill‘cSisIdteii3"’,Ee standard work on' the st& ject. 72* See pages {arcdii-six* above, 73* C lifford % Ship ton* ^ te ig ta iio n to Hew Bigland* 1686-1740, ** Journal ©| P olitical Seongay#. XL17 (April* 1936># pp. 233-330* " ~

74. Bridenhsskgti*v --C ities .In Revolt* lug**,!.-*. -#W ft, 123* 73* Bniglas* torentic^hlii* 48*.

76* See Appendix 0* Table 11* and finite l# 77* See indentures, October 2* 1768 and Mov&aber 1 f 1768*. h el« * pp.,,. 47-48. 78, William Williams to the Overseers of the toot of Boston*, January 33#, 1770* Boston Sadentured# If* 13$ See iMeuiutes, July 1* 1761 and 7/7, 1770* below* pp,: 33* 3 t, 79*, See.- indentures* September 6* I73i and July i*. 1760* below*, pp.. 28 * 32* Mar land was ’itse&y# ii an earl let ©as# it was decided that although the term!* Hal date .on tfee edentate it on Id list# been nine years later*, that'written on Hie indenture wm legally bln#eg* (Morris* 0cv#j»ent and' I#hor». 373-374,) Here*;, however, to bdv# release©. .tfse -girt a yeaF’S ^ .In violas iionof the law* which required girls t© be bound to the age of eighteen* Hie fact that ©tore fbi® one iadentug# esditi for a ©ingle child in no way alters the fact that there exist 602 valid indentures* Hoc does the fact that several wasters took more than one apprentice Invalidate the statesiai t that in so many cases members of a particular trade took .apprentices* this analysis,* and ttm tables in .appendix 0* therefore* constitute* strictly speaking, on .analysis of indentures* not of persons*" 80* $ m Indentures of William Negert* October 7* 1741s Thomas Caryl*. February 6 » 17611 william Bverton* June 37* 1763? andBan& rih Campney* October 18* 1762* feeitiw* pp. 4* 33# 33* 36. 8 %. Douglas, apprenticeship* 39-42; Morris, Government and. Inbor, 370-376* 82, Ib is was equal to- 1400* Old Tenor* whieh was redeemed In 1749 a t a ratio of 74 to 1* Crandall* Review of Soon* S tatistics* X7t*. 122* — - iiiw»T .- ,w>i.wTilM>t wmniw • i jiiwcuw.BWiw^'wjsiiiiiK***! w ~ 83* John Boneywood to the Overseers of the Poor of Boston, January 25* 1758* Boston indentures* I I , 115| David Barfee to the Overseers* November 27# 1773# Boston mgmtisref* f% 63* ‘ mm m m m m m Hie information from the indentures appearing here is that which applied to the individual apprentice© and masters.* Hie tables have been arranged to present that information as concisely m possible* The order is that in walch the indentures *can be read m the microfilm. Hie columns', left to right, are as follows! 1* Hie inclusive dates of “die indenture (Date Bound and Date Free)* Num­ erical designations are used for months to conserve space* MS dates are given with the year considered to have begun on January 1* 2* the Apprentice's name (apprentice); the master's name (Master); and tiie master!© occupation if given (occupation) * Names are spelled as v they appear on the indenture* An asterisk <*> indicates that a recommendation from the selectmen of the master’s town accompanies the indenture* A num­ ber sign ££) Indicates some other inclosure*.

3* The town m d county in which the master lived (Town and County)* Spel­ ling is in accordance with present' usage* locations outside of Massachusetts are italicized; Information supplied is put in parenthesis* 4* Hie trade to which the apprentice was bound, spelled as in current usage* and whether he was to learn writing# reading# or cyphering# indicated by Wt R# and C (Trade). Goods and/or money received by the apprentice when freed (Freedom Dues). these categories are separated by a semicolon* 5. Hie age of the apprentice when bound (Age Bound); the term of the In­ denture (Years Bound); and the age at freedom (Age Free). Age bound and years bound have been supplied in the following manner* Date free was sub­ tracted from date bound* giving the term* As i t Is knovja that boys were freed at twenty-one and g irls at eighteen the term was subtracted from that number to find the age bound. Both are figured to the nearest six months. 3

Date Bound Apprentice ttowu trade Age Bound Date Frees Master County Freedos Dues tea rs Bound Occupation Age Free

11/27/34 Nathan Cortly Freetown (ille g ib le ) WR; 7 4/30/40 — Nichols B r isto l 2 su its ' 14

4/2/40 John D— Sokbury husbandry* vmc; 15 3/6/46 Joseph Williams Stiffb $M 3 suits* -&20 e 21

5/7/40 Benjamin Doibe&te Woburn husbandry* WRC; 6 8/6/55 Nathaniel SloggStt Middlesex Z suits 15 21 7/3/40 Mary B&tley C harleston houae&ifery* WR; 13 2/12/45 3ho&* Proihinghagi Middlesex Z sorts S 18 7/24/40 Sarah Gould Dorchester housewifery* WR; 13 9/12/45 Timothy Til&ion Suffolk - 2 su its 5 18 8/6/40 Mary An&ehLe&ierre Boston housewifery* M l 10 8/6/48 Abie! Wallery Suffolk 2 suits 8 merchant 18 11/5/40 James Mood Woburn husbandry*. WRC; 14 1/1/48 Jonathan Hayward Middlesex 2 Suits ? 21 11/5/40 Jonathan Wisher Shexbum housewright* WCt 5/1/53 Benjamin Kendall Middlesex 2 su its 13 housewright 21 12/3/40 Samuel Waters Braintree husbandry* WRCj 5 9/20/56 Jonathan. Clark Suffolk 2 suits 16 farmer 21 1/13/41 Barnabas diodes Marlborough husbandry* WRC; 8 3/5/56 Joseph Rice Middlesex 2 suits* 120 15 Y®mm 21 2/12/41 Meaner Green Boston housewifry* WR; 6 7/3/53 John. Beaudri Suffolk 2 suits 12 blacksmith IS 2/7/41 Robert Anger’' Weston husbandry* WRC; 4 2 /1 /5 8 Bbeneser Cutler Middlesex Z suits 17 husbandman 21 4 sate Bound Ap&renticg TOWO Trade %e Sound Bate Free Has ter County Freedom hues fea rs Bound 'Oeett^atioa liars Free

4/7/4% Hoses Barges Water tom cefdstaiitet, WRC; B 7/ 1/54 Isaad Samdersea Middlesex 3 suits** 13 31 5/6/41 .Mary Sof res (7) Hilton hoase^ifery, WR| 4/8B/4S Bberteaer Sumner Stiff oils 2 su its f fame# IS 5/6/41 Blleaor Burke Boston housewifery* WE; 14 4/4/45 Thomas Hartley Suffolk 3 su its 4 18

S/6/41 Olivo Strange <7) Boston housewifery* tffts 14 S/1/45 James Stetson Suffolk 3 sorts 4 18 6/3/41 Samuel Star Boston tailor* WRCj 10 6/1/52 Henry tr ie s Suffolk' 2 su its 21 i. 6/2/41 Mary Peck Scituate housewifery* WE; ‘ 6 5/6/53 Cornelius Srigg Cs?> Plymouth 2 su its 12 husbandman IB 10/7/41 M im b etii Hayes Woburn housewifery, w&p 5 3/3/55 ■8 wfisto» Beed Middlesex 2 su its 13 18

10/7/41 William Negcct Bridgewater weaver* WBC; 7 •6/6/55 jo m th m Bass Plymouth 2 suits 14 yeoman 21 10/7/41 &&3£$heth M ather Bridgewater housewifery* WE; 3 11/8/56 Jonathon- Bass Plymouth 2 su its 13 18

/1/41 Bachei looson HOpkintQft housewifery# 981 6 5/6/53 Thomas Bd MzddXestKic 2 su its 12 yeoman 18 1 /6 /4 2 Benjs^in. Scrivener Boston eordifaiitert BBC 5 12 6/15/51 John Sores Suffolk 2 suits, 9 cordpaltter 21 2/3/42 Henry Hiasr Bridgewater husbandry,. WED? 9 9 /U /S 4 Saamtl Donbar Plymouth 2 su its 12 .hiisbandfeian .3/2/42 Peter Grace Woburn^ husbandry, VMC; S t/15/58 Thomas- Head Middlesex 2 suits 16 yeottagt 21 miv'UEotmd .Apprentice Isom Tzade- Age Bound Bate -Free Master County Freedom Dues ferns Bound Occupation Age Free

'/ a/ 2 / 4 2 Savage Ferry leading -'eordwaitier, waC? 5 1/9/54 JointM m $s Middlesex 2 suits 16 eordwaiser * 21

3/2/42 £^perieMee Wittis Boston housewifery* Wft ; 12 2/1/48 John Jr* Suffolk 2 Suits 6 yeoman 18

4/7/42 James Campbell Boston tailor*. BBC s 13 7/84/50 James Beige Suffolk 2 suits 8 tailor 21

4/T /tZ Mary Bass Heston housewifery* WE; 6 12/15/53 Isaac Maoleoo Middlesex 2 suits 13 yeoman 18

5/14/42 Richard Umes Beading husbandry* WSCf 5 6/6/58 Timothy’ Wim fcliddlesex 2 suits 16 yeoman 21 i/2/42 Bas ter Smith Hewlett. housewifery* f&g 6 3/31/34 John Ar&oess (?) Middlesex 2 suits 12 yeoman * IB

6/3/42 Richard Ifoiltom Woburn blacksmith, WRC; 8 12/1/55 John Baweence-- Middlesex z suits 13 M M km iik

7/14/42 Elisabeth Bar jars ©o,rehester housewifery, Wl; 15 10/1/45 Hopes till teeda Suffolk 2 suits 3 yeoman IS

7/7/42 Frances Hamilton 'te«ington howsewifery* WE; 13 3/1/4? Benjamin Smith* Jr* Middlesex 2 suits 5 husbandman *, •..» - IB

11/3/42 Bathsheha Bogers Swansea. housewifery*. ; 1? 3/13/44 James Mason Bristol ■3 suits 1 yeoman * 18

11/3/42 Hsiafc (?) Bosom Charles twi housewifery,. WE; 7 3/26/54 Benjamin Wheeler Middlesex 2 suits 11 t&ae&staith * 18 11/2/42 Hiornas Capron Boston tailor* W8Cj 13 3/10/52 Seth Foster Suffolk 2 suits 0 tailor 21 Pate Bound Apprentice Tbun Trad# Ago Bound Pate free Master County Bteedom Dues Teats Bound Oecupatioii % e free

U /V 43 John ksfaM Tacmoitth 7/1/58 Boi®mn torittg Toth 2 su its

14/1/43 Mary Msoti Boston housewifery, WR; 1C 2/22/53 fb ttih m Boiteeys Suffolk 2 suits 8 18 ll/m/42 Sarah Cobb it Oxford housewifery* i?R; 8 4/11/55 Hudson Worcester 2 stilts 12 husbandman * IS

12/1/42 Biisabeitt Scribner f7)Bnmt«#e hottSpfifery#-tfRj ^ 12 2/19/49 John Hancock Suffolk 2 suits " * 6 Clefts * 18 12/1/42 Timothy Hales Needham husbandry*; WRC$ 9 2/3/5$ JOSiah Nowell Suffolk 2 suits 12 husbandman # 21 13/1/42 Bdmrd Oliver Malden victualler*. WSPt 18 7/1/45 John Oliver Middlesex 2 suits 3 -victualler * 21

1/4/43 Joseph Warwick Eokbury husbandry* hRc * io 11/15/47 Josioh Child Suffolk 2 suits, & 60 (’’Old 5 yeoman t#aorn> * 21 1/4/43 X’ti l l i m Horton Boston shipwright; 15 8/37/46 Alexander Hunt Suffolk 2 suit# 6 shipwright 21 2/29/43 John Slowly Boston barber * HRC| 12 1 2 /1 3 /5 1 Richard Barrington Suffolk 2 su its 9 barber 21 3/8/13 Samuel Hood Boston cabinebanker, i/RC; 11 11/10/52 Beni*'Salisbury Suffolk 2 suit# 10 cabinetmaker 21

3/8/43 M liltet Or see Boston currier MBCj 11 i/19/53 John Coles Suffolk 2 su its 10 currier 21

3/23/43- George Miles Mori©!* husbandry* isMGj 8 1/25/58 Gideon Bassett B ristol 2 suits* £30 13 husbandman {"old tenor”) 21 7

Date Bound Apprentice ttawa Ikade Age Bound Date Free Master _ County freezes Dues Teaifs Bound Occupation

4 /6 /4 3 John Gixiings (?) Dudley _ husbandtyf WIC;- 9 5/1/55 Bhe&ener Bdtauntis Worcester 2 suits ' 22 yeoman 22 4/6/43 Bdwatd Bunt Boston ffcpeaafcer* hill;, f 3/10/57 John Crosely Suffolk 2 su its 24 xopemafcer 21 4/6/43 %ex* te Blond MMdlebero husbandry* WRC; 24 6/16/50 . ^btalm Holmes Suffolk 2 suits r * 7 . yeoman 32 6/30/43 B2isa.be th Feck Bridgewater housewifery* HR; 5 m m Hobart Mirth (?) M ym vik 2 su its ’’ 20 husbandman IB .6/39/43 Ebeneaer F ratt Raynham husbandry, WED; $ w m m Stephen Dean Plymouth 2 suits 26 yeoman * 22

7A S /43 Bobert C illeg.) Boston- bricklayer* if EC; 24 5/7/30 John Blower Suffolk 2 suits " 7 bricklayer- 22 S/3/43 Lydia Robinson Medfleld (?) housewifery,0 HR; 9 7 /2 2 /5 2 Seth Wright Suffolk 2 su its 9 hmhmdmm * 18 8/3/43 John teistead Milton blacksmith, WHO; 17 4/2 1 /4 ? Joiwi Bent Suffolk 2 suit© 4 blacksmith 22 7/7/43 Bartholomew Ballard .Boston ship joiner* WRC; 9 5/6/55 Joseph Ballard Suffolk 2 suits ' i 22 ship joiner 22 7/7/43 Samuel Hurst Boston tailor* WROa 23 5/3/51 Benjamin Rankea Suffolk 2 suits ' 8 ta ilo r 21 7/7/43 Richard Whitcomb Medford peruke maker* if 12; 9 22/1/55 James Kbitell Middlesex 2 su its 22 wigmaker 21 7/7/43 John McGuire Woburn blacksmith* WRC; 9 2/2/55 ''Middlesex 2 suits 22 joha^Lawrenee 22 blacksmith 8

Date Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age Bound Date Free Master County Freedom Dues Years Bound Occupation Age Free

7/7/43 Mary Herbert housewifery, WR; 14 11/15/47 Jonathan Wyat, Jr* Essex 2 s u its 4 farmer 18

7/7/43 Thomas White Boston tailor, WRC; 12 3/1/53 Benjamin Ranken Suffolk 2 su its 9 ta ilo r 21

12/7/43 William White M ilton paper maker, WRC; 11 2/15/54 Jeremiah White Suf folk 2 su its 10 paper maker 21

2/6/44 Lewis Sharpe Boston navigation, WRC; 16 12/21/48 Andrew Breading Suffolk 2 s u its * 55 mariner 21

2/6/44 Timothy Bowen Western husbandry, WRC; 4 4/15/61 Josiah Wheeler Worcester 2 s u its 17 husbandman * 21

3/6/44 Lettice ELlisa Boston housewifery^ WR; 10 3/13/52 William Dickson Suffolk 2 s u its 8 ta ilo r 18

2/6/44 John Cocks (?) Boston bricklayer, WRC; 10 8/12/54 Daniel Bell, Jr* Suffolk 2 s u its 11 bricklayer 21

7/13/44 Samuel Sumner Boston sailmaker, WRC; 14 12/23/51 Alex* Chamberlain Suffolk 2 s u its 7 sailmaker 21

6/28/43 Ebenezer Pratt Raynham Husbandry, WRC; 5 4/14/59 Stephen Dean (B r isto l) 2 s u its 16 yeoman 21

8/1/44 Josiah Baker Abington weaver; 7 7/15/60 Nicholas Shaw Plymouth 2 su its 14 weaver * 21

8/1/44 Borea (?) B--— Boston housewifery, WR; 10 9/7/52 Hezekiah Blanchard Suffolk 2 s u its 8 d is t ille r 18

8/1/44 Frances Nesbatt Boston mastmaker, WRC; 11 10/15/54 Alexander Parkman Suffolk 2 s u its 10 mastmaker 22

9 /5 /4 4 John G ilpin Boston ropemaker, WRC; 14 10/13/51 John Crosely Suffolk 2 s u its 7 ropemaker 21 $ *2mm Trad® Age Bomd County Freedom Dues Yeats Bound Age t e e

9/5/44 Richard Russell Westford copper | WfiCi 7 2/1S/29 Joseph tecker Middlesex 2 su its 14 cooper * 21

10/3/44 Cteorgc $<*■#**#.*#••* Milton housev/rigkt* WRC; 16 3/10/48 John CiU iver •Suffolk- 2 su its 3 ♦ 21 11/7/44 Hannah Hilaad Midd&eborough hou&e&ifery, WR; 12 1/14/51 Sylvanus Burrows Flyuioutli 2 su its 0 * 18 12/5/44 Charles BbcataeC?) Hopkioton husbandry* WRC; $ 3/14/56 Bdwatd tubwyehe Middlesex- 2 Suits 13 hushand»ait 21 11/7/44 John Squire Sherbura spinner; 4 9/4/61 Isaac lealand Middlesex 2 su its 17 spinner * 21 12/5/14 Mercy Clay Wren than housewifery^, WE; 4 9/9/58 Samuel Ranger- Suffolk 2 su its 14 eerdwainer * 18 1/4/45 Susanna Bolyman Charlestown spinster* Mi; 8 12/16/54 Bplitaim Mallet Middlesex 2 Suits 10 IB 1/4/45 Benjamin Godwin Boston goldsmith* W&C ; 14 2/3/52 John- Fartaan Suffolk 2 su its 7 goldsmith 21 2/6/45 Chester bousewright* WRC; 1 9/7/64 Robert Anderson wS'ltopshlre 2 su its a) housewrig&t .21 Samuel Russell Boston blackmafcer* WRC; 17 & A & ■’Mi *0 II josiah A&ms Suffolk 2 suits* 113*** 15/ - 4 blockwaleer * 21 5/5/45 Richard Blbomingtofi B ristol husbandry: 6 8/9/60 John Cillegible) ■ B ristol 2 Suits* k?~10/ «»IS husbandman * ,21

7/29/45 Mary Eirkland ftoa&ury spinster* WR; 13 8/1/50 John Moty Suffolk 2 su its 5 5331 18 Hat© Bound Appseitttee Trade Age Bou&d ©ate free Waster County Freedom Ones fears Bound Bfe&jpat&oit %e Free m m Jonathan Btmitids wmmtmmf: gsotter* WtC; ...;:0 i/i/$rt '■Jrim, foustg J suits " - -vii' le tte r * a i m /45 Ifeard BsnSbn Boston. t»lite. spinner* WRC; 18 2/33/49 Sottas Ssitli Suffol.?! a nulls 3 twine spinner au... 7/23/45 Wary Carr fk&bm. spinster* It # 2/13/37 Bata Worse Suffolk 3 suits " 13’ yeom i * 18 9/2/45 John Eaten Boston h m sm titM f wrg?- 14 8/4/52 Ephraim ttieeier Suffolk 2 suits 7 iteusewrlglif 31 9/3/45 Samuel Bryant Hopkteioft husbandry*: WSCf 1$ 11/15/51 William- Watson Middlesex 2 su its 6 husbandman * 21

9/20/45 Jane Anderson Londonderry sp:inste%; $&$ S 6/15/58 finberi Styee ^ff'SSiSfre 3 .suits ’ 13

12/6/45 John tfelaman CharlestmA potter,* 'WftCt 7 12/30/59 Samuel Hutchinson Middlesex B su its 14 potter * 21 1/26/46 Samuel Fairfield lijrtbbonpton husbandry* WECj 8 li/i/3 8 Cad byman Hampshire 3 suits*'&S»3/ ** 13 husbandman 31

1/27/46 Hannah Sleeper (?) teieester spinster* WE; 8 12/2955 John Wa tson Worcester 2 suits ~ 10 tanner * 18 l/13/(?)/46 Wargret Mathews Etegsfteld spites ter* 3 1/13/61 Andrew Birtlierford ft&rpsiiieg 2 suits' ’ 15 yeoman * IS 3/10/40 Joiiji- Beii. Boston J#tee% §$S€f .15' 4/S/S3 Join* Cunaa&eil Suffolk 2 stilts 0 Joteei 21 3/3S/56 Benjemte. Seriyener .Boston titeei^er* WHO; i f 3/15/50 JelM/Brestfed Suffolk ,2 stilts 4 hlocfemaker 31 gQUJKE QE WILLIAM & MARY 5/16/46 7/25/46 6/5/46 4/ 0 /6 /4 2 1 10/5/51 7/7/46 3/15/61 5/15/50 6/25/53 6 4 / 1 / 7 7/2B/46 9/7/52 4/30/46 2/23/46 3/3 2/25/46 7/3.5/$* Safe 2/23/56 3/10/52 4/9/46 Date 3/4/46 3/3/40 7/3/62 12/8/55

m Sound Pme evr * weaver * blacksmith Mary Sburges MarySburges clerk Mary tayton Mary tayton Suffolk Barber John Jonathan H ill ill H Jonathan Mills John Dedham MaryOliver eeih Bean Jeremiah Master gentleman gentleman * housewrighi Thomas Barnett Thomas Marshall Mprdec&iMoore oeh en Suffolk Bean Joseph Andrew E llio t t Andrew llio E Boston ■Green John cabinetmaker oeh ao Suffolk yeoman * Mayo Joseph Occupation % hraia terry terry hraia % HnoaaS Capron on MelesidyJohn Smith Martha lsbt Fac Foidsury Fearce Elisabeth Samuel Apprentice #■ Mayo Joseph Smalley Jonathan J&isabetfi Mills Mills J&isabetfi yeoman yeoman aior ilo ta Alexander Nichols Nichols Alexander mhb *

Middlesex Skerbura Boston Suffolk Medway Suffolk Suffolk Boston Oxford Suffolk Suffolk Dedham Sralntree Boston Suffolk Torn Suffolk Mercies r te Rebury evr WRC;weaver# oswih* WRC; housewright* pntr WR; spinster# pntr. WR; Spinster,. ubnr# $$£$ husbandry# r VJRC; *Spins te pntr WRC; Spinster* its su 3 ubnr* WRC; husbandry* uits su 2 suits u s 2 its su 2 2 Suits 2 s p in s te r, r, te s in p s WRC; r, ilo ta pntr WRC; spinster# Preedom Bues s its su 2 s its su 2 suits 2 suits 2 2 sulfa 2 sie 1*25 suite# 2 its su 2 'Trade alr WRC; tailor* WRC; feats Bound e Free %e Age IB IS 18 7 14 12 21 13 15 10 14 21 15 18 10 14 21 21 16 15 Bound 10 21 21 5 4 6 6 5 6 7 6 8 0 U 12

Bate Bound Apprentice itewft trade Age Hound Date Free Haslet County Freedom Dues fear# Bound Occupation Age free mm Benjamin Crvetek Rutland turtler# WSCf 7 mm/m John C o w e ll Worcester 2 suits 14 tam er 21 8/4/46 Hatty S till Boston spins te r # .Wt; 15 Joint feuue Cf> Suffolli 3' su its 3 BU$mm 18 H&mrd Anderson ilfigsfield farmeri wm$ 3 4MM4 Stomas t i t t l e Hampshire 2 suits 13 yeoman 21 mmm Ephraim Dean Ilansfield farmer f HSC; 7/28/S 9' Richard Salter SoSeciSmit 2 su its 13 31

10/1/46 James C riffln Raytiham husbandman* ttfflCf 2 i/$ /m Benjamin Stielfe? B ristol 2 su its I f husbandman 21 m m m 3ho&&$ Siiitfe Wmtb&rmgM farmer * URCj 5 imm Samuel 0i3«rell Hampshire 2 su its 16 yeoman * 21 il/6/46 Catherine Culberson jpadonderty spinster* WE.; 15 .S/I/60 James Seed ‘ Hampiliire 2 su its 3 yeoman 18 12/2/46 Benjamin Itiist Boston navigation! WRC; 14 12/1/53 John Bradford Suffolk 2 su its 7 marines? 21 l2/33/ff& John Cmk (?) farmer # tfSC? 7 m m fhm-BM i i t t t o Bmsmixei 3 su its 14 husbandman .21 12/2/46 Nathaniel Rust Boston navigation* WRC; 13 12/1./S4 William Sherburne Suffolk 2 su its a mariner 21

12/25/40 John Eeliy Ringsfield farmer* WRC; 7 s/tm Jalm Hativey Hampshire 2 suits 14 clerk * 31 1 3 / 2 5 / 4 6 Btleoor Sisley C7) S&sgsfield spins to rt waC| 4 5/1/61 Thomas t i t t l e Hampshire 3 su its 14' husbandman 15 13 Date Bound Apprentice Tfcwn Age Bound Date Free Master Count? Freedom Dues fears Bound Occupation %e .Free

13/3/46 thorns BaiDter Worcester weaver, WRC;: 5 4/1S/63 Joseph toylen (?) Worcester 2 suits 16 weaver 21

1/5/47 Joseph Patterson Boston Ssott3€wri|£it WR£* 10 4/14/58 James Barnard* Jr* Suffolk 2 suits 11 hotisewrigbi 21 3/2/47 Benjamin Richardson Boston bricklayer* W$£$ 14 9/2/54 David Bell Suffolk 2 suits , 7 bricklayer 21 3/21/47 -Sarah Pain Boston spinster* ft; 12 3/2/53 Thomas taiMoa (?) Suffolk 2 su its 6 d is tille r 18 3/37/47 Joseph Ranstead Ro&imry husbandman* WRCj 18 6/23/30 Joseph^ Warren- Suffolk 2 suits, also LIS 3 is enlists in service 21 6/3/47 Mary McNamara Boston spinster* HR; 16 1/15/49 John Xovell Suffolk 2 suits 2 g an tie® on 18 5/2/47 Daniel Bass 'Medway husbandman, WRC; 9 2/19/59 Jolm Mien Suffolk 2 su xts 12 yeoman * 21 6/12/47 Sarah Ray M tchfieM spinster, WR; 6 6/13/59 James Morton m Hampshire 2 suits- 12 clerk 13

7/28/47 Robert Price Boston Macks®!#!* WRC; 1/3/56 John Foster Suffolk 2 suits blacksmith 21 3/3/47 Elisabeth White feford s spinster* WR; 9 3/6/56 Thomas Gleason Worcester 2 su its 9 yeoman i a 3/31/47 Hannah Hubbard Kin0im spinster, WR; 5 6/13/60 Mam Beal Suffolk 2 suits 13 mariner * i s S/3/4? Susanna Slopes Bedford spinster* WR; 2/15/53 Joseph Streeter Hampshire 2 suits 10 yeoman * 18 Bate Bound Apprentice trade A ge S o u n d Bate Free Master Cmmtf Freetoi Owes tears Bound Occupation Age Free

9/7/4? Eiehard Baden u t a i husbandman*. WBC j 1 4 /1 /6 ? Timms Nright 2 Suits .20 fmrnm * 2! Samel Calliner lesion braise? & founder* 14 1 2 / t m Thmm Bussell W«Bf t braiser & founder 2 $rtitS n

11/4/4? Jo !m Boston fcRGji 9 5/15/59 John Crossly- ■Suffolk a su its 1 2 ropemaker 2 1 1 /2 0 /4 0 fkmmM- %1 ef Boston houseti&ight; 19 9/29/49 Moses Ayres Saff&Ut 120* Old Tsm t a 21 1 /4 /4 8 Jeremiah Field Boston ship carpenter* ilO ?/l/$7 Alexander Hunt Suffolk a su its ‘ 11 siiio ca tpm im 21 2 /m /m bmMt, Jfeies Pedhea* spinster# NNj .13 mm josiali Fisher Suffolk 2' su its 5 18

m m jane Johnson .Jf&rdbsa spina ter# i&(* 0? 4 m m Joseph Bangtel 2 suits 11 trader 18 3/1/48 Susannah Fisk Boston spinster# MR; 12 3/1/54' joint loyeit Suffolk a su its •6'

gentleum . 18

4 /0 /4 8 Francis Mssbatt Bostan mariner 5 iiaylgsv 13 10/15/50 Nicholas Capons Suffolk iiort, fffgfc 3 mariner a su its 21 8/31/4$ Mary Sulevas* Salem Spinster* MR; 15 3/15/51 Michael More Issm ,3 su its 3 joiner 1.8

"3/ 31 /4 0 Abraham Ingraham Boston tailor* llCi 9 10/14/60 Paws Suffolk 2 su its 12 tailo r 21

5/31/43 Mary St asterisk Concord spinster* NR,5 10 iq a ?/9* Joshua Brooks Middlesex a suits 8 (illegible) 18 1$

Bate Bound Apprentice trade % e Bound B ate Free ftiastdr County Freedom Ones fears Bound Occupation Age Free

S/31/48 Sarah Harass Bridgeuaiet spinster* WR* t$ 4/16/51 Ebenezer Keith Plymouth 2 su its 3 yeoman 18 6/15/46 Hamah Hichots B'esrMry spins ter*. HR; 16 7/15/SO Spencer Barnett Bsse»' 2 su its 2 merchant 18 6/29/48 josaes tfeeet B illerica housewright* WRC; 12 10/15/57 Samuel Sheldon Middlesex 2 suits 9 housewright * 21 8/18/48 John Chambers (omitted) navigation; 6/18/53 Thomas Gunt er 2 suits 5 -merchant 21 7/7/48 Martha Bennett Bedford spinster* WR; 6 12/ 18/60 Michael Bacon Middlesex 2 suits 12 yeoman * 18 9/8/48 Moses Johnson Chelmsford husbandry* VJ1&; 3 10/15/66 Henry Spaulding Middlesex 2 suits 18 ItusbiWJaan 21 8/3/48 Richard Cassell TeuScnhury husbandry* WRC; 12 8/2/57 John Beil Middlesex .3 su its 9 husbandman * 21 9/S/48 Mary Pm Jones RoxBury spinster* HR; 3 7/2/63 Jeremiah Richards, Suffolk 2 suits 15 yeoman 18 9/6/48 dune Bane Boston spins ter * HR; 11 12/S/SS John $*ftUe Suffolk 2 Suits f oecefamt 18

9/15/48 Margreth Caeldiii Stou^iton spinster* l$t; 13 4/15/53 David Gelmore Suffolk 2 sorts $ ■yeoman * 18 10/31/48 Bliaham Ferry Maiden farmer* URC; 5 7/15/64 Jacob tyads Middlesex 2 su its 16 yeoman * 31

10/15/48 Sarah 0m Boston spinster*. WR; 13 4/12/54 Joseph Jackson Suffolk 2 suits $ felts**km 13 u Pate Bound Apprentice trade Age Bound Pate Free Master Cotmty Freedom Hues Ifcars Bound OC€!»p&t&Hi Age Free

10/23/48 Joseph Booker Boston joiner* WRC} 13 4/Z/39 Joseph Colt Suffolk 2 Suits 9 Joiner 21 10/4/48 Elisabeth Mcti&rd Rutland spinster* WR} 8 10/1/58 P atriot McGregory ftaeeedter 2 su its 10 yeoman * IS 11/13/4S William Waters Boston spliisierf m ; IS 3/13/54 Benjamin Jepson Suffolk 2 su its 3 barber IS I2/13/4S tydle tterary tunenbwrg spinster*. Wkf 6 4/30/61 jotiii swan _ Worcester 8 Suits 12 ta ilo r » 18 2/P/49 John Slowly Boston barber* Wt€| IS 12/13/51 Benjamin JepSon Suffolk 2 su its 3 barber 21 3/7/49 Hugh Brown Boston cabinet maker, WR01 11 3/14/59 William F&cfimaa Suffolk 2 at its IP ■cabinet maker 21 3/7/49 Isaac luce lexingttm farmer* WRBf t 2/6/63 William teed Middlesex 2 su its 14 esquire 21 4/20/49 Jolm Bow leominster husbandry* WBC; 18 3/15/52 Joseph Beman Worcester 2 suits 3 yeoman * 21 4/29/49 Sarah Smith 17) Mbast spins ter t Wli 6 4/13/61 Samuel SracMf Suffolk 2 suits 12 cordwalaer 1.7

Bate Bound Apprentice itewa tirade Age Bound Date Brae Master County Freedom Hues 1 0 1 1 1 ;$ Bound Oe&ipatloii Age Free

4/14/49 Jeremiah Rhodes Bos ton. turns enright* WRC; 18 10/3i/fcl Samuel Sprague Suffolk 2 Suit® 3 ho*iS<3Wri$*t 21 7/31/49 Veronica Vm tibez Boston. spinster,* WR? 12 7/15/55 Isaiah Barrett Stiff oik 2 Stilts 0

6/5/49 Will la® Croxford Sutter 'husbandry* WRC?: 4 6/7/66 Daniel Chase Worcester 2 su its 17 yeoman * 21 8/1/49 John Bedson Boston cooper.* WRC? 13 4/4/57 Samuel Small ictge Suffolk 2 su its 8 cooper 21 9/16/49 Francis Boston, husbandry* WRC ; 4 3/6/67 Alexander Campbell Suffolk 2 su its 17 husbandman 21 9/7/49 Asa lope? Boston keep- merchant % 1$ 10/37/55 Thomas Paine Suffolk accounts* sboplgeepijig$6 fte&c&a&t WRC? z suits 21 9/6/49 Jeremiad field trnm& tm farmer* WRC? 13 7/1/57 William Richardson Worcester 2 su its 8 {illegible) •21 1 0 /3 /4 9 Miles Hubbard Boston chair & drum maker* 9 9 /1 0 /6 1 'Sssuel Ridgway* J r. Suffolk WRC! 2 su its 12 cbaiv & drum tiakef 21 12/28/49 ■Bmaafa Martin Sudbury spinster*. WR? 6 4 /1 5 /6 2 Isaac Bauldin Middlesex 2 suits 12 hm$mx&$kt 18 12/28/49 Charles Richardson. Bridgewater Msbaniiry* WRC; 8 5/31/65 Charles Snell Plymouth 3 suits* 16 ounces IS husbandman of good silver alloy 21. 6/24/50 Judith Simons .Boston spinster* WR; 11 2/15/S 7 looses Arnold Suffolk 2 su its 7 fel'teaker 1$ 5/2/SO Mary Harmon Lebanon spinster* WR? 5 S/1/63 Joseph laager at Connecticut 2 suits 13 trader **"~ ~ j s 18

Date Bound Apprentice tfessa trade Age Bound Date Free ffestei County Freedom Dues fears Bound Occupation Age Free

S/3.0/50 Sarrab. Wa&cfioM Western Spinster* tt&$ 3 8/1/85 Henry Spring liiddleses B su its 15 yeoman 18 6/5/50 Charles Wbitooood SturbrMge farmer* WRC; 6 1/5,8/65 Jolin Ryan Worcester 3 suits 15 yeoman * 21 7/3/50 Mary By! and Boston spinster* WRf 12 10/20/56 John Liddell Suffolk 2 su its 6 gentleman 18 8/13/50 Sl&sabetfi Tiaberle Blyaosiffe spinster* wt? 7 7/22/61 Joshua Brcashall Plymouth 2 su its U clothier * 18 0/23/50 James McCosiiei Boston cordv/adaer# WRD? 8 7/15/63 Joseph Fitch Suffolk 2 * ‘ 13 gentleman 21 9/25/50 Parnell Chamberlain Btxc&etmtec farmer* WRC; 4 8/21/6? Daniel Alger Plymouth 2 suits 17 21 9/24/50 Susanna Vail Oxford spinster* WR# 6 9/15/62 Thomas Cloacon. Worcester 3 su its 12 yeoman 18 9/25/50 Blieabeth Stam ts Bridgamtef spinster* WRf 3/15/62 Janes PackaM CT?> PlymniH z m it s yeoman * IB 10/2/50 John Bra&sou Boston cooper*. WRC; 2D 4/10/51 Benjamin Sewell Suffolk 2 su its 1 cooper 21 10/2/50 Lidia Richardson . Umnim spinster* WR| 7 5/15/61 Jabec Fisher Suffolk 2 su its 11 ymrnm * 18 11/5/50 Sarah Cr&*» Western spinster* SSRf 5 5/14/64 James Brovin Worcester 2 suits 13 11/5/50 Kes$gi*ciisb/ Bridgewater husbandry* WPi I f 4/15/65 ftaitum Ames Hymouth 2 su its 14 husbandman 21. 19 Date Bound Apprentice T b m Trade Age Bound Date Free M aster County Freedom Dues Tears Bound Occupation Age Free

12/3/50 William Perry Boston peruke mkr* WRC; 12 9/18/59 Joiin Cyles Suffolk 2 suits 9 peruke maker 21 12/21/50 Mary Bngerson Wreatham spinster,. WR; 11 5/15/58 Thomas Bacon Suffolk 2 suits 7 yeomen * 18 4/13/51' Wiliam Roberts Boston gunsmith* WRCf* 14 4/13/58 Samuel Clough Suffolk 2 suits " 7 gunsmith 31 4/13/51 Simeon Pety Leominster cooper* WRC; 6 5/1S/66 Oliver Wyman Worsester 2 suits 15 cooper * 21 5/4/51 William Alford Cambridge husbandry* WRBf 6 3/30/56 Thomas Dana Middlesex 2 suits* IB 15 husbandman 21 6/26/51 Joseph Prisell. Keedkam farmer* WRC; 2 5/2/70 Sqauel Bacon Suffolk 3 suits 19 yeoman * 21 8/7/51 Hepsibah Flood Medfidd spinster* WR; 9 4/15/60 Jonathan tbwnshend Suffolk 3 suits 9 (illegible) IB 7/15/51 Nathaniel Howard Northampton weaver, WRC; 14 9/15/58 Denoni Banks Hampshire 2 su its 7

weaver * w « % 8/26/51 John Helton Northampton saddler* WRC; 6 3/15/65 Samuel Clark Hampshire 2 su its 15 saddler * 21 8/1/51 Alexander Beham y Rutland farmer, WRC; 7 3/15/65 Jonas Buckingham Woreester 2 suits 14 yeoman * 21 S/5/51 Hannah West . Scituate spinster, WR; 5 8/15/64 Israel Smith Plymouth 2 su its 13 yeoman 18 8/6/51 Mary Clisby Bridgewater spinster, WR; 5 8/15/64 Nathaniel Harvey Plymouth 2 suits 13 yeoman * 18 30 Dat6 Bound Apprentice ® w a Tense Age Bound Date Free Master County Peeedoa Dues Sieacs Boufltt Occupation Age Free

10/31/51 Jaggs. t e a s Boston . eor4em£ixerf VJRC; 12 10/3/62 Ghatles, Headley 3u££oik 2 sa lts 9 cordsr&iaer 21 11/5/51 Francis Neat Beaten spinstec, WR; 10 3/27/63 Thomas Hubbard Suffolk 2 su its 8 18 10/11/51 SLtebeth Bust Hollis ton spinster* WR; 5 11/8/64 Ebenescr L ittle fie ld Middlesex 2 su its 13 yeoman * 18 11/5/51 Bdward Verts Bridgewater weaver* WRC; 5 10/5/67 Tbeoplillus Howard Plymouth 2 suits 16 weaver * 21 1/6/52 Elisabeth Bumstead Spinster* WR; 9 4/13/61 John Williams Hampshire1 2 su its 9 ymmm 18 1/29/53 Mary Booyd Springfield spinster* WR; 12 6/15/58 Josiah Dwight Hampshire 2 suits 6 esquire ic? 1/31/53 Thomas Brook Leicester cordwainer* WRC; 10/1/64 James Wilson* Jr.* Worcester 2 suits* 110 13 eordwainer * a 1/23/52 James Smith WmtihM- omitted*. WRC; 17 10/29/55 Israel Ashley Hampshire 2 suits* 1*15 4 physician 21 1/23/52 Ann FoMUts Westfield spinster, WR; 10 6/6/60 Israel Ashley if arapsli ire 2 suits 8 physician * 18 1/6/52 Joseph Bttsustead Sommers husbandry* WRC; 12 2/17/61 John Willlsggs ■Hampshire 2 suits*. LB 9 yeoman 21 1/2/52 Hannah Snow Boston spinster* WR; 10 7/3/60 Jo&huah Winter Suffolk 2 su its 8 stationer 21

3/24/52 David Sibbald Brunswick farmer * WRC; 13 1 2 / 2 4 / 5 9 David Sta&oood York 2 suits yeoman z t

Date Bound Apprentice Tbwn Hrade % e Bound Date tree •Master County Freedom Dues Hears Sound Occupation Age Free

3/10/52 Ann Hewton Sopfsinfon spinster* l|8| 6 9/15/64 Benjamin Wood Middlesex 2 suits ' " 12 gentleman * 18

3 /2 5 /5 2 yrnim Kteeiet (?) Boston seaman* WRC* 15 m / a/s? James Brovai $ u ffoIk 2 su its 6 mariner 21 5 /5 /5 2 John Heetti Boston houswrigfit*. WRC] 16 f/34/5? John Stoker Suffolk 2 suits 5 bousetnright 21 6 /3 0 /5 2 tiiX tim P eirce Boston distiller* m% m 5/31/63 Heeekiah Blanchard Suffolk 11 d is tille r 21

■8/4/52 Thomas ftieyd Boston cooper * MR;. 13 8/35/60 Benjamin Sault Suffolk 2 suits s cooper 21 1 0 /3 /5 2 .Elisabeth Hilan Boston spinster* ft| 16 11/26/14 Stephen Boufetieait S u ffo lk 2 su its 2 gentleman 18

S/28/S2 John BuerS Oxford former* WRC; 6 8/15/6? Alexander Hiehoie Worcester 2 suits , ' .15 yeomen * 21 1 0 /1 3 /3 2 William Chapin Boston tor Gainer* W1C; 9 4/1 4 /6 4 Henry Scad S u ffo lk 2 su its ,. 12 cordv-ainer 21

1 0 /2 1 /5 2 tfllSlass Barby Boston sallmahet* WRC: 12 9 /1 /6 1 Samuel B arrett Suffolk 2 su its 9 sailmaker 21 11/1/52 Richard Whitcomb Boston bricklayer* WRC; 18 1 2 /1 /5 5 Augustus Hall Suffolk* 2 su its , 3 bricklayer 21

1 2 /2 8 /3 2 William- Daniel Abingien cordwalnor*. WBCj 6 7/24/6? Samuel Bead Plymouth 2 su its 15 ccrdmdiner * 21 2/21/53 Ann Kisseth Bridgewater spinster* HR.; 5 3/15/66 Joseph Packard Plymouth 2 suits 13 yeoman * 18 Date Boned Apprentice f w n Trade Age S O u M Bate Free Master County Freedom Bees Years Bound Occupation *%e Free

2/27/53 Mmf Road Rutland sp Ins ter y WR; 5 3/1/66 Jonas Buckingham Worcester 2 suits' ' 13 yeomen * 18 2/21/53 Hugh Anderson Sotfmty farmer* WRC; 10 z m m John Morey Suffrlfe 2 suits* kio 6*%■ 21

3/26/53 S&bltha Fetors Bridgewater spinster*. WR; 7 3/30/64 Israel &Igar Ptynoulti 2 su its 11 yeoman * 18

3/26/53 tidia Peters Bridgwater spinster, WR| 0 2/22/62 James Atgar Plymouth 2 su its : 9 yeoman * 18 3/20/33 William Our tin Brookline WRC; 10 11/14/63 Joseph Winchester Suffolk 2 suits* U5 11 21 5/2/53 Mary Gulliaa Boston spinster* WR; 15 4/15/56 Oxenbridge C atcher Suffolk Z suits V 3 gentleman 18 S/14/53 John Frie .Boston boat builderf_ WRC; 18 9/15/56 Rathsniel Cobbett Suffolk 2 suits 3 boat builder 21 ■0/5/53 Mary tucas Boston spinster* WR; 13 9/23/58 John Sophia Suffolk 2 suits 5 blacksmith 18 6/5/53 Rebecca Keeton Braintree spinster, WR.; 10 2/15/61 Mlisba Saddle Suffolk 2 su its 8 physician * IS 6/5/53 Hannah Golsworthy 'Boston spinster* MR; 15 4/15/56 Henry Bsaes Suffolk 2 su its 3 stonecutter 18

6/13/53 Martha Smith hta&ury spinster* WR; 12 3/31/59 Joseph Staten Suffolk 2 su its 6 housewright * 18 7/19/53 Sarah Breland Boston spinster* WR; 13 2/28/SB Joseph Russell Suffolk 2 suits 5 house&frlcht 18 22

Date Sound Apprentice torn Trade Boufcd Bate Free Master County Freedom Dues flats Bound Occupation Age .Free

2/27/53 Maty Road Rutland spins ter, WR; 5 B/x/m Jonas Buckingham tfomeste* 2 suits 13 yeoman * 18 2/21/53 Hugh Anderson Roxbuty farmer, tfRCf 18 2/22/56 John Morey Suffolk 2 suits, L10 3 21 3/36/53 Sabitha Peters Bridgewater spinster, WR; 7 3/20/64 Israel Algae Plymouth 2 su its 11 yeoman * 18 3/26/53 £J4ia Peters Bridgewater Spinster, W&; 9 2/22/62 James Algar Plymouth 2 su its 9 yeosaaa * 18 3/26/53 tf&Uiasi Curtis Brookline W80f 10 U/14/63 Joseph Winchester Suffolk 2 su its, 115

2 1 - 5/2/53 ifary Chilian. Boston spinster, kR| 15 4/15/56 Oxenbridge Ihatcher Suffolk 2 suits 3 gentleman 18 5/14/53 John Frie Boston boat builder, m e; is 9/15/56 Nathaniel Cobbett Suffolk 2 su its ' 3 boat builder 21 6/5/53 Mary Inc as Boston spinster, m$ 13 9/2|/5S John Pupkin Suffolk 2 su its 5 blacksmith 18 6/5/53 Rebecca Newton Braintree Spinster, WR; 10 2/15/61 Elisha Savile Suffolk 2 suits 8 physician * 18 6/5/53 Hannah Colsworthy Boston spinster, ViR; 15 4/15/56 Henry Bnmes Suffolk 2 suits 3 stonecutter 13

6/13/53 Martha Smith Roxbtiry .spinster,, WR; ,12 3/21/39 us^wrlg S u f f o lk 2 suits 7/19/53 Sarah Preload Boston spinster, WR| 13 2/2S/5S Joseph. Russell Suffolk 2 su its 5 hoiisewright 18 23

Pate Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age Bound Bate Free Heater County Freedom Ones Tears Bound Occupation Age free

7/3/33 William Cobb in Bridgewater weaver, WRC; 6 4 / u m Josiah Packard Plymouth 2 suits 15 weaver * 21 9/5/53 Mar? tagersoti tfre&thani spinster* mu 13 5/15/58 Elias Haver Suffolk 2 su its 5 eierk 18 6/12/53 George Small idge Boston navigation* WRC| 17 9/23/57 John Gulley Suffolk 2 suits 4 21

il/;V 5 3 Morgan Eavana^i Boston cabinetmaker* HRC; 17 5/14/57 James McMillan Suffolk 3 suits 4 cabinetmaker 21 12/28/53 Haney Huer Boston $> luster* WR; 15 1/12/57 William Marl and Suffolk 2 suits 3 bricklayer 18 1/31/54 Sarah lewis Boston spinster, WE; 16 4/16/56 John toveil Suffolk 2 su its 2 gentleman 0 18 2/6/54 John Preston Leicester husbandry,, WRC; 16 8/25/58 Thomas Benny Worcester 2 suits, 16-13/4 25 husbandman * 21 3/21/54 John fendley Sudbury farmer, WKv$ 5 3/15/70 Hiinens Bantail Middieses 2 suits, 15 16 yeoman * 21 3/21/54 Sarah McCoye Salem spinster, WE; 5 3/15/67 Joseph Gorman Essex 2 suits 13 mariner 18 3/21/54 Mary Young Bridgewater spinster, HR; 10/13/63 Josiah Williams Plymouth 2 su its 10 yeoman * 18 4/3/54 Agnus McFay Woburn spinster, WE; 12/14/63 Ja$es Perie Middlesex 2 su its 10 yeoman IS 5/1/34 Katherine Maclainer Cambridge" spinster"^- WR; 10/19/62 Francis Wells Middlesex 2 suits n esquire 18 24

Pate Sound A p p r e n t i c e Thm Trade Age Sound Pate Free Master County Freedom Plies tears Bound Occupation Age Free

5/3/54 Thomas Green Haverhill Shipwright* UBCs 13 9/14/62 Stephen Gallisham Basest 2 stilts S shipwright * 31 5/1/54 Joseph Clifton. Meiford bticRmaker* WRCs 2 1/1,3/73 Aaron Clinton'' Middlesex 2 suits 19 brickmaker 21 7/3/S4 Mary Butcher Stoughton spinster* WR; 7 5/23/65 Richard Sticlmey Suffolk 2 su its II husbandman 18 7/3/54 William Grey Boston cooper* WRC; 10 7/15/65 Joshua young Suffolk 2 su its 11 cooper 21 7/28/54 Rachel.! Glover Itorldge spinster* WR; 11 12/18/61 Samuel Read Worcester 2 su its 7 gentleman 18 7/28/54 Benjamin Harris Westfield blacksmith* WRC; 15 6/28/60 John Rellogg (Hampshire) 2 su its 6 31 9/25/54 .Dorcas Ballard Bridgewater spinster* WR; 13 7/15/59 Josiah Snell* Jr, Plymouth 2 suits 5 husbandman * 18 9/18/54 Abigail Glover Barnstable spinster^ WR; 14 7/13/58 Brtoeh Taylor Barnstable 2 suits 4 mariner * 18 2/26/55 James Burton Boston chaimaker, WRC; 11 6/7/65 Joseph Futnam Suffolk 2 suits 10 chaima&er 21. 4/3/55 William Cornell Attleborough cotdwaitiet* WRC; 5 6/15/71 Benjamin Guild |Sfi$t©i> 2 suits 16 cordtfaiaer *' 21 5/7/55 James Hawes Afeiagtot* WRC; 11/11/67 Bsekiel Dodge Plymouth 2 su its 13 clerk 21 5/24/55 Elisabeth love Methuen spinster * WR; 5 1/15/68 Henry Sawyer JEsses 2 suits 13 husbandman * 18 .25

Date. Bound Apprentice fows trade • Age Bound Date Free Master County Freedom Dues fear© Bound Occupation Age Free

mm Sarah tfadea Boston ©piaster-, WRi •11 5/30/62 Biisha Boater Suffolfe 2 Suits 7 shopkeeper 18

5/31/55 Mary Hutchinson Bridgewater spinster, I®; $ 5/4/65 John foung Plymouth 2 suits m is 7/24/55 Mary McFay Bridgewater ©piaster,, WR$ 7 10/25/66 John Re ed Plymouth 2 ©wits 11 yeoman # IS- 0/3/55 William Ifeomas leading cordwainer, WRC; 5 12/11/71 Bbeaeser Parker Middlesex 2 suit© 16 eordwaiaer * 21 1/1/55 C7> Anna Gild© Chelsea spinster, WR; 11 7/20/61 H^enerer Prat Suffolk 2 suit© 7 18 12/23/55 Mary Hindis Easton spinster, WR; 10 6/15/63 Seth Williams B ristol 2 suits 8 yeoman * 18 4/21/56 Anthony Brassier • Boston ropemaker, WRC; 7 9/3/70 Jacob feat ten Suffolk 2 suit© 14 ropemaker 21 4/3/56 John Colli© Bedford husbandry, WRC ; 14 8/15/63 i&omas Bacon Middlesex 3 su its 7 yeoman * 21

5/11/56 William Utomas {fell is tm farmer* WRCf I 10/6/76 Joseph Johnson 2 su its m husbandman * 21 6/18/56 Elisabeth Manning rnaiim ©pin©tert WR? 6 11A5/68 John filscn flymoiitt. 2 suits 13 hosbandBSti * 18 6/4/56 Isaiah Hiomad Boston printer* WRC; 8 1/8/69 Zathariah Bowie Suffolk. 2 su its 13 printer 21 6/29/56 James Gordon Londonderry husbandry* WRC; 10 m / m Robert McClure Hw"Ha^psE?re .2 su its, 112 yeoman 21 26

Date Bound Apprentice $nm' Wade Age Bound Date Free Haster County Freedom Dues fears Bound Occupation Age Free

7/3/56 James Perxaway Westfield husbandry* WRC; 11 6/2 /6 6 Israel Ashley Hampshire 2 su its 10 esquire 21 . 8/6/56 William Bracket Ware cooper* WRC*, 5 8/6/72 William Lombard Barnstable 2 suits 16 husbandman * 21 8/26/56 Thomas f'a poor ftegto* Boston sailmaker* WRj 12 6/20/65 Alexander Chamberlain Suffolk 2 suits 9 Sailmaker 21

S/29/56 James* *,sa poor Megro** Bcs ton sailmaker*. WR; 10 9/12/67 Alexander Chamberlain Suffolk 2 suits 11 sailmaker 21 8/5/56 Mary M iller Pembroke spinster*- WR; 6 3A6/B8 Rev. Gad. Hitchcock Plymouth 2 su its 12 clerk 18 8/2S/56 Marias Ibimson Boston sailmaker* WRC; 13 9/15/64 Joseph Boardman Suffolk 2 su its 8 sailmaker 21 10/6/56 Robt* Humphries# Negro Boston Cooper* WRC? 16 9/16/61 Joseph Dyer Suffolk 3 su its 5 cooper 21

9/1/56 William Toms end Chelsea cordwainer* WRC; 10 9/17/67 John Brintnall (Suffolk) 2 su its 11 yeoman * 21

1/5/57 Mary ffoall Milton spinster*. WR; 6 5/13/69 Andrei? Belcher Suffolk 2 suits 12 esquire 18 12/1/56 Bartholomew tym h Marblehead Shoreman* WiC; 7 4/24/71 Joseph koundley Mb m 2 su Its * Erl 2 14 shoreman * .21 2/17/57 Robert Marchie Bridgewater husbandry* WRC? U 3/5/67 Barnabas Howard Plymouth 2 Suits* Li2 10 husbandman * 21 3/2/57 Abagail Craig Nre&ttk$Ht spinster* WR? 6 1/10/60 Ebeneser Fisher Suffolk 2 suits 12 saddler * 18 37

Bate Bound Apprentice Totsn T r a d e % e Bound Pate Ftee Master County Freedom; Pa.ee feats Sound Occupation A ge F r e e

3/12/Sf Thomas Piilsberry Boston mariner* WRCf 11 9/12/66 Isaac fillips Suffolk 2 suits* 110 10 mariner 21 2/2/m Francis Crummont Boston farmer* WRC; % /im Hiilip Godfrid East Suffolk 2 suits* U3~6/S physician 2T $/4/S7 Ruth* **a poor Poston spinster* WRf 6 3/%/m Alexander Chamberlain Suffolk 2 su its 12 sailmaker 18 6/22/57 Thomas Barton i*>reesier farmer* WRC; 17 4/3.5/61 Samuel Mower Worcester 2 su its 4 9| gentleman < * 4.,

7/7/51 Slisabetn Moody Charlestown spinster* WRf 12/7767 John Phillips Middlesex 2 su its 10 mariner 18

8 /4/07 Penelope Curtain Plymouth spinster* W&i a 8/4/67 Samuel B artlett Plymouth 2 su its 10 esquire is 7/6/57 Elizabeth Moel Oxford spinster 7 8/13/68 William Hudson Worcester 2 su its 11 yeoman * 18 9/15/57 John Fiske Boston baatbuilder* WRC; 17 2/12/62 Thomas B m tlf Suffolk 2 su its 4 bo&tbuilder 21 9 / m m Hoh&rt Clark Brragewater wt£mm9 WRC ; 7 2m m Matthew &£&gma& Plymouth 2 su its 14 husbandman * 21 m/m/m John. Boyd Boston tailor* $80f 15 3UA5/60 Joseph Billings Suffolk 2 suits 3 ta ilo r 21 11/10/57 Stephen Grover Western husbandry* WRC; 10 11/10/66 William B lair Worcester 2 su its 11 husbandman * 21 12/8/58 B ill Green Boston navigation* WRC; 15 4/13/67 John Phillips Suffolk 2 suits 6 mariner 21 m Date Bound Apprentice town trade Age Bound Bate H m Master County freedom Dues fears. Bound Occupation Age Free i m & m Joseph Miner 1-iitleton cortSwaisier# MRS; 6 x /x m Bieneaer Pie teller Middlesex 2 suits 15 cordwaitter * 21 1/53/58 Phillip Peals lexington WHO; 6 4/18/73 Jonas iH®ie Middlesex 2 suits f 143*6/8 IS husbandman 21 2/1/58 Samuel Allen Boston ehaimaaker, WRC* 14 m m m Samuel Ridgw&y Suffolk 2 su its 7 cttaxrmafeer 21 3/1/58 Robert Shelby Wilmington husbandry* WRC; 6 9A5/72 Cadwaliader Pord Middlesex 2 suits* 120 IS 21

10/2/58 Joins Pertaway Marblehead navigation* WEC; 4 S/15/75 Wiliam Cowell Issex 2 su its 17 mariner * 21 Coopered) Bridgewater bl actoaith# M$C$ t James Packard (Plymouth) 2 su its ? % m 5/1/58 Mary Bevereatix Boston s. ioster* WE| 12 11/15/54 Nathaniel Warner Suffolk 2 suits 6 Japanner 18

7/22/58 Katherine fille r Boston spinster* wr$ 12 3/19/04 Samuel Selion m m m , 2 su its 6 fa rrie r IS 0/2/Sf Mary Peck Boston spinster# WE; 9 5/5/#7 James Smith Suffolk 3 suits 9 Aerchent 18 8/2/58 Joseph Btwiit Northampton waver & husbandry* 8 S/22/73 Gideon tyfiian Hampshire W8C; 2 su its ' 15 gentleman * 21 9/6/58 Sbagail Cose Boston housewifery! 16 5/15/60 William Harlan# Suffolk 2 suits a 18 9/6/58 Parker Jessendgti- Marblehead navigation* WRC; 8 3/2/72 Michael Wormstend Sssex 2 suits mariner * 29

Date Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age Bound Date B*ee Master Gotioty Freedom Sues fears Sound Occupation Age Free

9/6/58 Sarah Whaley Barnstable housewifery* WR; U- 9/6/85 Mary cmjpetaA Barnstable 2 suits 7 widow * 10 9/6/57 Joseph Jessen&en Marblehead navigation* WRC; S 4/22/74 Michael. Worstead Essex 3 suits 10 mariner 21 12/6/58 Elisabeth Buddocks lei® ester k n it, sew, & spin? IS 6/2/61 Samuel Benny Worcester WR; ' 3 suits 3 husbandman F 1 10 1/5/S9 William Gray Boston cooper* WRC; 13 7/16/55 Samuel Bernard Suffolk 3 Suits 8 cooper 21 10/2/58 Richard Bowers Marblehead navigation* WRC; 5 9/26/74 Richard Jutt Essex .2 suits 16 mariner * 21 2/7/59 Martha Holmes Milton housewifery,* WR; 7 3/9/70 Jeremiah Smith Suffolk 2 suits 11 y eom an * 18 2/7/59 Charles Taylor Marblehead ropemaker* WRC; 12 11/16/67 William Bowen Essex 2 suits 0 esquire * 21 3/7/59 Mary Martin Brookline knit* sew*., & spin* 7 12/10/69 Alexander Sampson Suffolk WR; 2 su its U victualler m 2/7/59 James Thompsoti. Sitm m lm d weaver A husbandry* * 6/11/74 Daniel Graves Hampshire WRC; 2 suits IS husbandoan * 21 5/2/59 Ann Ingersoll S y ffid d housewifery* WR? ? 6/20/70 Ph laeas tyraan Hampshire 2 Suits 11 esquire * IS 5/2/59 John Taylor Bos. ton Chaimalier.* WRC; 9 10/22/71 Samuel Ridgway* Jr* Suffolk 2 suits 12 chainsater 21

5/2/59 John Davis Hadley husbandry & weaving* 5 6/26/75 Oliver Smith Hampshire WRC; 2 su its 16 husbandman * 21 30

Bate Bound Apprentice tbwa Trade Age Bound Oatd Free Master' County Freedom Dues Tears Sound Occupation Age Free

m m tydia Gray Marshfield housewifetyf - Ml? 13 % /m m Jobs Jones Plymouth a su its s husbandman 10 m m William Curtain MOrsM'IeM tlC:i § 8/24/74 John Jones Plymouth 2 suits 15 husbandman * at m m Susannah Perrsway Bridgewater fcKise&ifery* W&* 0 x m m Robert Howard, Jr# Plymouth a su its xz * is

& m m Thomas Craige Worcester pem ke maker f mc$ 5 2 /1 2 /7 5 -Sami^,Bitdye Worcester 2 suits 10 petruIce maker * ^ 21 %/%m Eatiierlae Stanton Boston housewifery, Wfcs 1.1 i/u/m t t t r i** Sipkias Suffolk 2 su its 7 silversmith 18

9/5/59 Henry Peak Marblehead blacksmith* WFC; 10 m m / m John' Aaihoine Bs&m a stilts u blacksmith * 21

9/15/59 Mary Cralgie Mortimuptm itoitewMery, IIS | 12 8/10/65 NaHianiel Fhelps Hampshire 2 su its § stone cutter * 18 10/3/59 Mary Davis te ico st er lfR$ 0 9 /1 2 /7 1 Daniel Sdnshaw Worcester a suits 12 yeoman * 18 10/3/59 Abraham Fbbey Boston d istille r* ffflCf 9 9/10/71 William Moore Suffolk a su its 12 d is tille r 21 10/3/59 Robert Holey George tom husbandman, ViW; 0 4/6/74 Francis Wyman Tori 2 StlitS t Lib IS yeoman # 21

10/3/59 Elisabeth Simpson .Boston housewifery, Wftj 8 11/12/88 Moses Bass Suffolk a suits 10 shopkeeper IS

10/3/59 John Baals Grafton WRCj 14 i/16/66 Andrew Adaas Worcester a suits, U3» e/s 7 housewright 21 3 1

Date Benact %presitlee *mm t r a d e Age Bound Date Free Master Com tf Freedom Dues fears Bound Oceupaileh Age Free

z m m William SUcfeemttt Boston twine spinner* WffiC; 16 %/22/m Thomas Rice % f fo lk 2 Suits 5 ropemakei? & spinner 21 z M /m William Gaskin Marblehead navigation* WR0| 10 0/33/70 Abraham ftttllett JSssesc 2 suits* Mo 11 fisherman. * 21 3/6/60 Agues B illie .Boston housewifery* WRj 10 x i / m m Xchabod Jones Suffolk 2 su its 8 mariner 18

2/28/60 Rebecca 'Baylor Boston Itotisewlf ery *' WRf 10 1/15/68 James Holbrook Suffolk 2 su its 8 schoolmaster 18 3/14/60 Marls Noble Hadley husbandry* WR0; 7 7/6/74 Mose* Marsh Hampshire 3 su its 14 * 21

3 /4 /6 0 Margaret Headly Falmouth housewifery* tiR; 8 11/1/69 James Geeks to*k 2 su its 10 mariner * 18 4 /4 /6 0 William Shirley Marblehead. sailmaker, HRCj 9 6/6/72 Joseph Striker Bssai 2 suits 12 sailsaker * 21 5 /1 0 /6 0 John Shirley BaStham cordwainer* ‘WRC | S 1 /1 /7 6 John Fraser Barnstable 2 su its 16 cor&ftgUtoer * 31 S/7/60 Mary Rogers Bridgewater housewifely* wfcf IS 5/21/63 Robert Thompson Plymouth 2 su its 3 wheelwright * IS S /17/60 Sarah Hoar Bridgewater housewif ery, VIE; 16 4/24/62 Dayid Willmarth Plymouth 2 suits 2 barber 0 peruke safer* * 18 Arthur Reeye Hardwick husbandry* MG i S Paul MandnU Worcester 2 suits* IB 16 gentleman at

6/4/60 Susannah Holmes Hardwick housewifery* WR; w. 5/28/73 Paul Maadell Worcester 2 suits 13 gentleman * 18 32

Bate Bound Apprentice Torn f t a d e Age Sound Date Free Master €m m tf Freedom cues V ests Bound Occupation' Age Free

7/1/40 Abigail coat Boston housewifery If 5/13/61 William, l&rla&d Suffolk 3 suits 1 mason 15

7/2/60 Thomas t i l l l e Marblehead navigation^ WC$ 5 5/37/76 Joseph Seilaan B5S3K 2 su its 16 shoreman * 21 7/17/60 Sarah Whitney Halifax housewifery, HR % 6 4/6/72 Samuel Waterman Plymouth 2 su its 12 yeoman * 18

8/6/60 Oeorge Walker Boston sMliaafeet* wrc ; 16 3/10/65 Isaac Wendell Suffolk 2 suits 5 Sailmaker 21 S/6/60 Mary Hlehols Hatfield housewifery* WR; 6 12/3/72 Perec Marsh 'Hampshire 3 suits 12 physician * 18 10/1/60 Hilesbeth Clough Boston housewifery* WR; 6 6/24/72 Ileaekial* Blanchard Suffolk 2 suits 12 d is tille r IS 10/1/60 William Burk Bos ton navigation * WRC ; 15 6/9/66 Francis Ingraham Suffolk 2 su its 6 mariner a 10/1/60 Jonas- Johnson Boston biocteaaker* MC; 14 10/1/6? David Gardner Suf folk 2 suits 7 Mecls&akef 21 10/1/00 James ttgloxn' Boston .burlier & peruke mkf * 7 7/1/74 John Shirly Suffolk WRC; 2 su its .14 peruke maker 21

11/17/60 Daniel Haagbixk Soston navigation* IMC; 18 3/13/64 Math ante 1 X&g&ig Suffolk 2 su its 3 merchant 2 1

11/5/60 Sarah Kenney Boston MnsewMm?* WR; 11 6/ 1/ 6? Thomas Barron Suffolk 2 suits. ropemaker IS

1/7/61 Jonathan Johnson Boston ropemaker, WRC; 14 10/1/6? Hugh McDaniel Suffolk 3 suits 7 ropeeaker 21 33

Date Bound %pteatice Tom Trade Age Bound Date Free Master. County Freedom Dues fears Bound ®ecupailbr* Age Brea

2/6/61 Thomas Caryl Soathborough blacksmith, VJRC; 7 2 / z i m Benjamin Stow Worcester 2 su its* (L13-6/S 1 4 yeoman * 'if not taught. trade)21 2/6/61 William Pierce Boston barber & peruke mkrfll 2/24/71 John Adams Suffolk imci 2 suits 10 barber & peruke mkr, 21

6/3/61 John Denison Bolton cooper, S 10/19/77 Joshua Ibwosend Worcester 2 su its 16 cooper * 21 7/2/61 Benjamin Wright Boston blacksmith,. WBCf. 19 7/3/63 Edward Poster Suffolk 2 su its 2 blacksmith 2 1

7/1/61 Paul f&?en Boston ehairmaker* HDC; 10 8/15/72 Paul Spear Suffolk 2 suits 11 ebairmafcer 21 7/1/61 Bcfexard Deane Boston goldsmith* WB0; 11 7/18/71 Benjamin Burt Suffolk 2 suits 10 goldsmith 21 7/1/61 Thomas Baq&s Hatfield WKC| 10/20/73 William Williams B ristol 2 suits, 113-6/8 12 gentleman 21 0/ 2 /6 1 Mary t i l l eg* > Boston housewifery* Wt| 8 0/20/71 tboems Gardner Suffolk 2 suits 10 toperaaker 18 0/2/61 Martha Ibwiisead Bosnia housewifery., ttfU 11 6/15/68 John Cunningham Suffolk 2 suits 7 shopkeeper 18 10/7/61 Samuel Hariss Bos ton tailor*; WRC; 16 12/ 1 2 /6 8 Samuel Haris Suffolk 2 su its 3 ta ilo r 21 9/26/61 John Doyle legg Hbrtbamptoii tailor* WKCj 6 9/1/76 George Hodge Hampshire 2 suits 15 ta ilo r * 21 10/6/61 Aw* wise Boston housewifery, Wft; 7 11/22/72 Sfefcilet Leonard* Jr# B ristol 2 suits 11 blacksoi^i * 18 34

Pate Bound Apprentice Tbm Trade Age Bound Bate Free Master County Freedom fees fears .Bound Occupation Age Free l i / s c m Jane Outlet Ufttletoa housewifery* Wfif 7 2/12/73 Samuel Preston Middlesex 2 suits U gentleman *•.. IS

12/9/61 James Bicker Boston mason* URC$ 18 3/15/67 William Bari and Suffolk 2 Suits s 5 mason <*#******

12/2/61 George Pish 4?) Plymouth g im le t * witC f 9 2/19/74 Daniel Deraan Plymouth 2 suits 12 housewri, a glasiet * 21

12/2/61 Bligftbeth Obfewt Boston housewifery* WRj 7 6/6/72 John wiaslow Suffolk 2 suits 11 f mistakes 18 12/2/61 Hannah Pccst C harleston housewifery, WRf 4 12/22/75 Copt. John Hancock Middlesex 3 suits 14 # IS

3/3/62 Mary B arrett Southampton housewifery* WR? 7 9/25/72 Josidh Sewd Hampshire 2 su its 11 husbandman 18 2/3/62 !%®y Treboo Medford housewifery* WRs 6 U /lO /73 Jaaes Ballmer' Middies, ex 2 CUitS" 12 g entleman * v . IB 4/7/62 JoSiah Spelling Abiagfon ffSCf 5 1/2/78 Rev* Bsebiel Bodge Flymen th 3 suits* MB 16 clerk * SI­

4/7/62 William loveless Marblehead navigation, WRCj S' 6/11/78 John Freto Bssex 2 suits, 16 , 16 mariner * 21 6/9/62 John Burk Georgetown WEC? 10 6/4/73 Jama lament Lincoln 2 Suits* U3-6/8 U husbandman * 21 6/2/62 iiaoch Jarvis Boston ropemaker, tff£$ 11 5/13/72 Hugh McDaniel Suffolk .2 Suits 10 ropemaket 21 7/7/62 Safali Allen Roxbury housewifery, WR; IB 7/15/74 William Grldley Suffolk 2 su its 18 eordwainer * 35

Date Bound jtopreafiee fern f t a d e Age. Bound Date free Master County Breedom 'Dees fears Bound Occupation % e Free

9/6/62 .Siissatoetk Jones Boston housewifery* WRj 9 3/17/71 Alexander Mayors Suffolk 2 su its 9 mariner 18 8/16/62 Dbeneser Bmmrn Brunswick WfiDi 6 a /29 / 7? Jo!m Martin Cumberland 2 suits* U3«6/8 15 yeoman * 21 10/6/03 John Shoo^esmiili Boston twine spinner* wiCf 14 8/16/69 %oaas Smith Suffolk 2 su its 7 tibiae spinner 21 9/1/63 tttll&ani Williams Plymouth navigation* WRC; 15 8/3/68 Jabea Harlow Plymouth 2 su ite 6 mariner * m 10/6/63 Margaret Cunningham Boston housewifery* WRf 13 m s m HeseklaSt Welch, Suffolk 2 su its 5 mariner 10/18/62 Banforfh Champncy Bastkam cooper, h 7 9/2/76 Hudson fickery Barnstable 2 su its 14 ^ a i e r * 21 11/10/62 Susanna McOosm Rutland housewifery* WR$ 6 1/27/75 Jonas Buckingham Worcester 2 su its 12 yeoman * 18 12/15/62 JointGriffin Holden cordwaiaer* WftC; 6 S/16/78 Samuel U to^sm Worcester 2 suits 15 yeoman ♦ a 12/1/62 Gersham fi#e& Boston coopert MfiGji 10 12/24/73 Baitd Spear Suffolk 2 su its 11 cooper 21 1/5/63 Aon leileton Boston housewifery* MR; 5 12/16/73 William Sheppard Suffolk 2 suits 13 merchant 18 2/2/63 Eitoa Cfceth?) Carroll Boston housewifery* W&$ 13 11/1/6? Andrew a l o t Suffolk 2 suits 5 clerk 18 3/7/63 George Walker Boston saiimaker* WHB; 19 3/15/63 Thomas Palfrey Suffolk 2 suits 8 saiim ker 21 36

Bate Bound Apprentice ton. tzado Age Bourn Bate free Master County Freedom Dues '/Tears Bound Occupation Age Free

4/6/63 Maty Baaer Boston housewifery* WR$ 10 S /tS /tl Bartho. Button Suffolk 2 Suits 8 hmumti$it 18 4/B/m Maty Bttrfe .Boston housewifery# ME; MS 4 . m m * Ann Pal m Suffolk 3 suits, $ single \«aa m 4/6/63 Olivet Merrick Boston tlfcC; 1/S/M Mclsard Boynton Suffolk i blacksmith 21 5/10/63 Francis ARely Holden cooper, GRC; 12 3 /u /r a Bdward Houghton Worcester 2 su its 0 yeoman * 21 t/B /m Mary Snelling Bostbn housewifery# MR; 14 4 / m m Israel taring Suffolk 3 Suits 4 feltmaker 18 6/27/63 Millim £ue*$ftgt Westfield cooper# M2? 8 4/23/76 Joseph Ashieys topsb ire 2 SuitS 13 yeoman * 21

7/6/63 Mary Green •Boston housewifery# vjr? 7 3/10/74 Thomas Smith Suffolk 2 su its 11 twine spinner 1.8

7/5/63 Addison Jacobs Boston felocteaaker* M2; 14 1/6/70 John Brewer Suffolk 2 suits 7 bloekmaker 21 i/3/63 Abigail Buckley Boston housewifery# W; 6 6/3/7S James Graham Suffolk' 2 su its 12 ta ilo r 18 9A/6S %osms Peak Boston bloc&aafeer$ MRC; 13 3/33/71 M il la© Blc&raon Suffolk 2 su its 8 blockmaker 21 0/7/63 Sarah Burk Boston housewifery# MR; 13 4/3/69 John PiowMP Suffolk 3 suite 3 fishem an IB 10/1/63 Elias Cox Wellfleet Cooper# M2; 6 % m m Thomas Holbrook Barnstable 2 su its IS mariner * 21 37

Date Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age Bound ©ate free Master County freedom ©aea fears Bound Qceupntida Age f ts e e

..ypww+lirtMWW'iwwwMM*^ '■■«»J»»»- 'W

6/11/64 Ctorge Richardson. tm U fm cooper* W@i 7 8/13/78 Wallim MeRinsity B ristol 2 su its 14 physician * 21 38

Date Bound Apprentice turn Tfcade Age Bound Date free Master County Freedom Bwes Ifears Bound Occupation % e #ree

6/6/64 Hannah Meney Boston housewifery, WR| 9 1/20/73 Samuel Badger Suffolk 3 suit® 9 ta ilo r 18' s 6/6/64 Aon Bleigh Boaton housewifery* IfR? 14 8/19/68 Christopher Ranks Sufitiii Z suits 4 shopkeeper 18

6/6/64 Benjamin G h m p m f Boston hlocfertaker,, MC; 15 9/3/70 Ttimm BmottS Suffolk 2 su its 6 -Mockiaaker 21 \ 7/4/64 Patrick SfetCfi Boston ropemaker* tffCj 11 12/25/74 B m n e l Bosons ■Suffolk 2 suits 10 mpm&ket 21 9/5/64 Lucre tia Boston housewifery* «R» 7 5/25/75 Jobs Greenwood Suffolk 2 suits XX cabinet jaa&e* m 9/5/64 Sarah Spelling Boston housewifery* WRj 8 3/1/74 John 1m g te f Suffolk 2 su its 9 housewright 18 9/14/64 Joseph Prince Lynn cor drainer, $£$ 10 3/1/67 John Hawkes B&sex 2 su its a cordwaifter * 21

9/17/64 t'/iili&m Bright Salem baker 8 tfcaitm&Sser* 12 m m Samuel t4arisliajyt Basest WRC; 2 Suits 0 baker & dta&m&ite* 21 10/11/64 Satafi ftngbug Springfield housewifery* WRs 7 10/27/75 Samuel ffUliftfts flisipsitlire 2 su its 11 getttlemaii 18 10/11/64 Joim Ac%eiy» Springfield mc$ 7 4/1/79 Samuel Williams Hampshire 2 su its § L13«*S/S 14 gentleman * 21 10/3/64 Elizabeth Jane® Boston‘ housewifery* WR$ 11 5/17/72 He^eaiab Coley Suffolk 2 suits 7 e&xfa* Uae* 18 9/17/64 Susanna Brown Springfield housewifery* WR; 15 3/6/68 Quarles P^cbou Hampshire 2 su its 3 pbysician * 18 Bate B&rnA .Apprentice t&m t gratis %ed Bound Pate Free Waster Comity Freedom 1tees fears. Bound Occupation %ecFree

2/6/65 Jans Taylor Boston housewif ery* ■ WE; a 7/31/75 Sim as Wendell Suffolk a su its 10 ropeaaker IB 2/8/65 John Brawn Beibarn »8Cs ■6 12/15/79 John Mason Suffolk a suits# i*i3«4/s 15 yeemaii * 21 2/12/65 Mary Clough Brookfield houj^cifery^. Wfli 6 10/2/76 Braver teases ter 3 s;||§ts- 12 gentleman * 13 2/20/6S Hannah Melylfi Brimfield toour^ifirry* WRf a 3/15/77 Jonathan, Ferre Worcester a su its 12 yeoman * 18 3/6/65 Thomas %am Boston printer t $$£; 15 5/3.5/71 Samuel Draper Suffolk a su its 8 printer 21 3/6/65 $i*seaa& FolliitgS Cf> Boston housewiftry# 8R$ 11. 1/7/72 Thomas Susseli Suffolk a su its y ta ilo r 18 3/6/65 Christopher lynch Boston ta ilo r ». W8£f 14 1/29/72 Francis Shaw Suffolk a suits 7 ta ilo r 21 4/4/65 William Stowing Boston topemaker, WHO; -19 10/17/66 Samuel ifessaena Suffolk 1 su its 2 topewaker 21 4/3/65 Jannet Were Woburn housewifery^-Wt|' 7 11/15/73 Jonathan ttygagft Middlesex 3 suits 11 yeoman * 28 4/26/65 Thomas .More fownmllhorough housevjrigfit, WEC? 7 10/1/79 James Flagg Lincoln a su its 14 merchant 21 5/4/65 William Smith Taunton tailor#- WflSs' 6 6/21/80 Lewis Ihoznas B ristol 2 suits 15 ta ilo r 21 5/1/65 Margaret Forbus Boston housewif ery#, WRi 4 3/27/77 Joshua Bentley Suffolk a su its 12 boathuildeft 18 40

Bate Bound ^prentice Towh Trade Age Bound Date %e © Master County Freedom! Dues Tears Bound Occupation Age Free

m M Lydia Curtis Boston housewiforyi 1R| a 1 2 m / 7 4 Joshua Blanchard Suffolk 2 su its 10 merchant' IS 6 /m /m Mary Barber Deerfield MmmMetf-% I^R* IS 3/35/5S Seth Catlln Hampshire 2 su its 3 yeoman 18 6A S/& Joseph Bat h'ergill Deerfield cooper g WRC; 4/10/78 Kathaniel Dickinson Hampshire .2 su its 13 yeoman * 21 8/7/65 William tt&tmt Boston 3EOp^aalMsr# “WRC; 8 m m Ibomas Emmons • Suffolk 2 su its 13 tapms&et 21 ■ m m John Bur gis Bedford nm; 7 9/13/79 Thomas Bacon Middieses 2 sotf%. IJL3&6/5 14 yeoman * a

10/30/65 Elizabeth Kellasa Rorbury housewifery* WR; 7 9/10/76 Moses Dorr Suffolk a su its II .currier * 18

3/3/66 Sarah Burk Bos ton housewifery, WU; 16 '4/3/68 John toveriug Suffolk 2 suits 2 bricklayer 15 3/0/63 Mary McGee Boston housewifely, WR; 16 4/15/70 Samuel ferns Suf folk 2 suits a bricklayer 18 3/5/66 Margaret McCloud Boston housewifery, WR; 11 6MB/73 Samuel A# Otis Suffolk 2 su its 7 merchant 4/2/66 Sarah Richards Boston housewifery ,■ tfR; 13 1/9/71 Samuel Marshall Suffolk 2 su its 5 physician 18

S/24/66 Samuel, Smith tfe llfle e t cordwainer* WB0; iz z z r m Edward Smith Barnstable 2 su its 13 cordwaitter * 31 5/29/66 Joseph Mayfield Springfield husbandry,. U’RC; 8 12/15/78 Abraham Burbank Hampshire 2 suite^ 113*6/8 13 yeoman. 21 41

Date Bound Apprentice Tovm Trade Age Bound "Pate Free Master Count? Freedom Dues Tears Bound Occupation Age Free

5/7/66 Richard Warren W elifleei cooper, 5 12/20/81 S&msex Hutch Barnstable 2 suits 16 mariner * 21 6/4/66 Edward Tavenanglt WeUfleet shoemaker, WSOi 7 3/23/80 James Brown Barnstable 2 suits 14 cordwainer * 21 7/7/m Rdhanittss lewis Worcester housewifery, WE; 6 11/4/78 Josi all Bra*****- Worcester 2 suits 12 gentleman * 18 7/8/66 Elizabeth Bradshaw Anhe&st housewifery, WE; 6 10/18/78 Daniel Kellogg Hampshire 2 su its 13 yeoman * 18 7/2/66 Francis Maer Brunswick faming % surveying, 7 4/4/80 John Martin, Cumberland tffiC; 20 acres of 14 yeoman * unimproved laud, 21 3 suits 7/1/66' .William Palfrey S t. Georges WECf , 3 12/15/81 William James, Jr* fork 2 suite# £13*10 13 yeoman ■* 21 7/2 /m Stephen Burg is W ellfleet WEC; 8 5/5/31 Samuel Basset Barnstable 2 suits, 11.5 13 yeoman * 31 %/7/m Katherine fefeirphy {Stanford .housewifery, WE; 14 1/1/71 Ebb erf Xoyd Hampshire 3 su its 4 yeoman # 18 8/23/66 Joseph Osborn Barnstable navigation, WRC$ 13 10/2/74 Edward Bacon* Jr. Barnstable 2 suits# 16-16/4 8 mariner * 21 10/1/66 Bliuaibeth?} iyuiard Boston housewifery, Wftjss 15 3/15/70 Joseph Calef Suffolk 2 suits 3 tanner 18 8/30/66 John Fortes Georgetown co retainer# WEC; 7 1/20/81 Joshua Combs, Jf*. line ©in .2 suits 14 cordwainer * 21 10/27/66 John Jackson Boston navigation, WECf 1$ 3/10/73 John Cray Suffolk 2 suits. 6 mariner 21 42

Date Sound Apprentice tbwft Trade % e Bound Date Free Master County Freedom Dues Years Bound Occupation % e Free

*0/24/66 Bartholomew Meioaey Marblehead navigations WfiC$ S 12/13/82 Benjamin Pritchard 3BSSC2E 2 su its , L6«*3/4 16 ta ilo r 21 11/19/66 Sarah Sprague Boston, housewifery, f/R; 14 8/16/70 Edward Jackson Suffolk 2 suits 4 bra&ier 18

11/ 6 /6 6 Benjamin Lemolae W elifleet cordwainer * WRC; 7 lAO/Bl Robert Stetson (Barnstable) 2 Suits 14 cordwainer * 21 12/3/66 Ann Ingalls Boston housewifery*: HR; 11 1/10/74 James Holton Bum m 2 su its 7 mariner 18 12/5/66 Jane Taylor BoothBay housewifery, HR; 10 7/31/74 Samuel Adams Lincoln 2 suits 8 housewright * 18 1/5/6? James Goffe Sasiham navigation, WRC; 7 3/17/81 John Clark Barnstable 2 su its 14 mariner 21 1/27/67 John lliliiw m Marblehead navigation, UfRC; 8 6/1/80 Be te r Laveaw 2 suits* fishing 1,3 mariner * gear 21 1/7/67 Saunders Chambers Sberbum navigation, L-lCj 16 12/25/71 James Anthony Hautucket 2 su its 5 mariner * 21 1/14/67 Egbert Wharff Marblehead navigation, WHCj 6 7/2/82 SassSe* Snow M sm 2 suits, fishing IS mariner # gear 21 2/18/67 Mary- Biefes Pembroke housewifery, HR; 7 0/1/77 Joim Turner, J r #; Plymouth 2 su its 11 husbandman * 18 3/2/6? Samuel Bradley Edgariowo navigation, H8C; 6 1/1/82 John Pease BiikeS 2 su its IS mariner 21 3/27/67 John temoine Bdgartowa navigationf, KRS; 8 9/26/80 Thomas Arey Bakes 2 su its 13 ♦ 21 43

Date Bound Appr entice Ibwa Trade Age Bouftd Date Free blaster. County Freedom Dues Years Bound Occupation Age Free

5 0 /m John Plant Boston eon&aiaer* nhcj 9 3/29/79 David luring Suffolk 2 suits 12 eordwaMer 21 4/3,3/67 Daaar C 2) Atten Hardwick housarif ery# Wt$ 9 7/4/76 Marh Claris Barnstable 2 su its 9 mariner # 18 5/6/67 Matthew Ilopkifsll Boston navigation, mC; 13 12/27/74 Bidjali Doubieday Suffolk 2 salts 8 mariner 21 5/13/67 BlizaCbeth} Jones. Yarmouth housewifery* WRj 3/17/71. Rev* Kathan Stone Barnstable 2 suits 4 clerk 18

6/3/67 Nicholas Mangent ■Port Bownall NBC; 7 1/1/S1 William Crawford Lincoln 2 8’*’its* U 3*6/8 Id 31 6/18/67 Henry tverd Stus&ridge 9 1/1/79 Aaron Weld Worcester 2 suits* 113*6/8 12 yeoman * 21 m / m Lydia Gregory Boston housewifery* WB|. 12 11/15/73 Benjamin Austin Suffolk 2 suits 6 esquire 18 7/7/67 Elizabeth McGrath Balmou^i housewifery., Mix* 6 3/1/79 Joseph Brighten Cumberland 2 si Its 12 merchant * 18

7/29/67 Richard Griffiths Harwich WRG * 17 7/20/71 Joseph Blake Worcester 2 suits* 143*6/8 4 gentleman * 31 7/29/67 lettu ce Boston Harwich housewifery* MR; 10 9/1/75 Joseph Blake Worcester 2 suits 8 gentleman 18 8/5/67 Henry Carrigan Marblehead ropemaker* NRC; 8/1/30 Jacob Yeaton Bss esc 2 suits 13 ropemaker 31 8/35/67 Elizabeth M illim s Sandwich housewifery* l*R: 8 8/1/7? Hetiemiak Webb Barnstable 2 su its 10 yeoman # 18 44

Pate- Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age Bound Pate Free Master County freedom Dues Years Bound Occupation Age Free

P/24/67 Mary Goggin Harwich housewifery* WR; 6 12/1/79 Timothy Haggles Worcester 2 suits 12 gentleman * 18 9/2/6? Elisabeth Utlnoefe C?> tondondert? Iiousewifeyy* WR| 9 w ? Samuel Gregg few BgSiiSlrc ? 2 su its 9 m iller * 18

9/30/6? Ann Evegs Holiisttm housewifery* HR; 9 9/17/76 Edward'Durant Middlesex 2 suits 0 physician * 18 10/20/67 Thomas Warren Harpswell Macfesraiih# WRC; 5 3/15/84 Anthony Combs Cumberland 2 suits 16 blacksmith * 21 10/29/6? John Watson Cooper* WRC* 7 ii/ ? /a i Joshua Atwood 2 suits 14 * 21 JO/23/6? Benjamin Ballard Boston boatbuiider, BfflC* 12 11/9/76 Thomas Bentley Suffolk 2 su its 9 boatbuilder 21 11/26/6? Abigail Cole Haynhma housewifery*' HR; 8 2/20/78 John Shaw (B ristol) 2 su its 10 husbandman * 18 11/19/6? Bbenerer Ptaaaresque Harvard met ? 11/25/81 Haffraniel Martyn Worcester 2 suits* 14.3-6/8 14 physician. * 21 11/28/6? Edward Howard ifephittton. WHC; 13 10/15/75 John Abbey Middlesex 2 suits* M M /8 8 gentleman * 21

11/18/6? Eleanor Berrf Boston housewifery* 'HRg 8 7/10/7? Thomas Rogers Silffolh 2 su its 10 mariner 18

12/12/6? Charles Buffaid Rutland tiffiCj 11 11/15/7? John Boyes Worcester 2 suits* 143*6/8 10 yeoman 21 12/9/6? GCorge Richardson Horton Cooper* flRC* 10 8A3/78 George Leonard III B ristol 3 suits n01 45

Date Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age Bound Date free Master Suffolk Frecdora Dues Tears Bound Occupation Age Free

1/15/68 Ihomas Ryan Boston catdaaker, mC; IB 5/15/71 Abraham. Iheketmaa Su£i> lk 2 su its 3 cardmaker 21 1/ 20/68 Peter Smith Blanford m ot 8 6/24/81 John Sinnet Hampshire 2 suits# LI 3-6/8 13 yeoman * 21 1/ 1 /6 8 Bdward McGoro Bdgartoi#! cordwaiaer* h*RC; 7 5/5/82 Elijah BuUer Dakes 2 su its 14 cor4»ainer * 21 1/7/68 Samuel Cherry Easton houseifright, WRC; 12 5/15/77 James tindsay B ristol 2 su its (and 113-6/3 9 hoiisev/rigbt * if not taught trade!31 2/3/68 Iboms Osbom Springfield WRC; 9 5/15/80 Zadoek Chapin Hampshire 2 suits* !43«e/6 12 husbandman * 21 3/15/68 Margaret Cherry Milton housewifery* 44 5/15/72 Hugh Mcleaii Suffolk 2 su its 4 mariner * 18 3/24/68 Mary Shay? ■truro housewifery* WR; 15 7/15/71 William. Biggs Barnstable 2 suits 3 housewright 18 3/2/68 Philip Peak Boston housewright* HBCj 16 4/18/73 Benjamin Sumner Suffolk 2 su its 5 housewrigbt 21 3/10/68 Nathaniel Corbett Wellfleet navigation* DSC; 7 S/25/62 Da£p£tf Howse Barnstable 2 Suits 14 mariner * 21 3/16/68 Richard Oaten Sutland WRCf 7 8/15/82 Daniel B liss Worcester 2 suits, 143-6/3 14 esquire * 21 3/11/68 William. Smith Wellfleet navigation* WRCj 12 3/4/77 Jeremiah Howes Barnstable 2 su its 9 mariner * 21

3/17/68 Cornelius Kellihorn Petersham NBC; 4 4/15/85 James Thompson Worcester Z suits* 14.3-6/8 17 liusbanctaan * 46

Batig- Bound, Apprentice 'ttam Trade Age Sound Date Free 'Master County Freedom 'Ones fears Bound Occupation.. Age free

3/17/68 Joseph. Bray Wen-fleet navigation, tffiC; 5 4/15/84 Joseph Higgins Barnstable 2 su its 46 mariner * 21 3/17/68 James Raven Milton WRC; 11 1/1/78 Andrew Mams Suffolk 2 suits| 146 10 cerdminer * 81 4/20/68 ■Robert Smith Boston peruke maker and 9 4/16/80 Theodore Detate^ Suffolk hair cutter, WRC] 12 peruke maker and- 2 Suits 24 bait cutter 0 4/29/68 Fail ip Wybird Kennedy Boston. Shipwright, MRCf 2D 8/8/69 Isaac Wyfeird Suffolk 2 Suita 1 shipwright 21 4/15/68 Bliaabeth Mumferd Lancaster housewifery, WRj 16 12/25/69- John Bowen Worcester 2 suits 2 gentleman * 18 4/16/68 Tamar Bellman Sandwich housewifery, WRj 15 7A5/71 Jaber TUpper Barnstable 2 su its 3 marajier 18 4/12/68 .Elizabeth Corbin Weymouth housewifery, HR? 11 mm James Dyer Suffolk ■% m its ? tatsewrigiit * 18 4/6/68 Bdward Eelly Rutland ICfiC; 5 5/1/84 Edward Self ridge Worcester 2 suits* &13»*6/8 16 yeoman * 21. 5/26/68 EaUieriiie Httget&Xd Hardwick housewifery# WRj 6 8/15/80 Huthaiiiei Bag* Worses te r 2 su its .12 clothier ♦ 18 5/9/68 Sarah Akley Scituate housewifery# 9 3/1/6? Joshua Clap Plymouth 2 suits 9 shipwright * 18 6/16/68 John Bradley m m m tm blacksmith, W»* a 2/12/84 Tlmedty Biglio Worcester 2 suits 13 blacksmith * 21 6/28/68 ^jm as Bum$ Ppwhaibofougk navigation. WKCj 8 7/20/84 Charles Caliagham lincela 2 surts* 1X3** 6/8 13 mariner P a 4 7

Date Bound A pprentice Age Bound Bate Bret Master County freedom Dues IfeatS Bound Occupation %t. Bree

6m m William oelahunt Springfield 10 m m m 0o»« John Hbjrtfcingtosk Hampshire 2 suits# L13-6/S 11 esquire 21 7 m m Maty Bemiison Scituate housewifery, HR; n 4 / t m Samuel Clap Plymouth 2 su its 7 yeoman 18 7/23/68 Samuel ARley Xopsham wheelwright, WRC; 4 6/17/85 John M errill lincola 2 suits 17 yeoman * 21 8/4/68 Elirafeetb Beaniaoa Bingham housewifery# WR* 14 7/26/72 Thomas Stevenson Suffolk 2 suits 4 merchant ♦ 18 8 / 22/68 Sarah Mails ©ranby housewifery# MR; 15 5/7/71 Seth Smith Hampshire 2 su its 3 weaver * 18 8/31/68 Hiliima Milton Pcmualho rough WRC; 13 11/7/76 Charles Cushion Lincoln 2 suits.# t!3«6/8 8 * # 21 6/2 /6 8 Robert Uoh.es Hardwick WRCj 7 5/27/83 Daniel Oliver Worcester 2 suits# U3-6/S 14 esquire # 21

9/6 /6 8 Mary Aklcy H* fanouth housewifery# WRp 6 12/20/80 Bdw&rd Russell Cumberland 2 su its 12 physician * 18 10/1/68 Btiaafettti taaoine VatertowKi housewifery# MR; 6 8/1/80 Thomas Patten Middlesex 2 Suits 12 ■f enter * 15 10/ 2 0 /6 8 Robert Humphreys Boston cooper# «®S5| 18 9/16/71 John Stoddart Suffolk 8 su its 3 merchant 21 10/31/68 Margaret Porbits fenobscoit housewifery# 10 3/27/77 John Hancock (Hancock) Z Suits 8 hottsewrigjht 18 10/15/68 Peter Bout Harwich navigation# WRC; 13 5/15/76 Shubael Oowns Barnstable 2 suits 8 .mariner 21 48

Pate Bound Apprentice Tb\#n trade■ Age Bound Date Free Master County Freedom Dues ¥ears Bound Occupation Age Free

10/12/68 W illie Corbett Haverh&ill shipwright* tmC; s 4 /m /m CetneHiis Mansis ESSSX 2 su its 16 shipwright * at U/2S/68 Samuel Hartley Boston Oordwalnet* ifC? 7 1/15/83 Daniel Parks Suffolk 2 Suits 14 eordwalner 21 n fy ^ /m James Hudson fo&es Barnstable WBC| 6 11/23/83 Shubaei lovell Bams table 2 suits* 113^6/8 15 yeoman * 21 11/1/6* Bobi. Humphreys (Hegco) Boston. cooper* HHC& 18 9/16/71 Jattt Smith Suffolk 2 su its 3 laetefeani 21 11/25/68 Sarah Lassiey Springfield housewifery*, wp* ? 2/15/80 Elijah Leonard Hampshire 2 suits 11 yeoman * 18 12/ 10 /6 8 Sussmna Smith Boston housewifery* Wij 7 9/11/79 Jonathan Crosby Suffolk a su its . 11 goldsmith 18 11/24/68 Mary Pumpby Sherbvm housewifery* iTR; 12 9/1/74 Henry Foger Hantucket 2 su its 6 mariner ^ 18 13/31/68 George Coffin tincoln W8C; 2/18/82 W illie 'Bodge Middlesex 2 su its 13 fmmm ,21: 12/14/68 Abigail Waddle Marshfield housewifery* &R| 9 6/25/77 Josephy Clift Plymouth 2 su its 9 mariner * 18 12/10/68 Mattbes* Hopkins Boston navigation# W80; 15 12/27/74 Alexander Landale Suffolk a suits* 6 mariner 21.. 1/9/6# Joseph Harley Marblehead navigation* gftCf 11 &ja/r# Andrew Dennis Essex 2 suits*, hooks, dead»10 fisherman * lines* boots* barbels&l 2/22/m John Luces Greenwich tmcj 11 4/10/79 Nehemish Hinds Hampshire 2 Suita* 143*6/8 10 yeoraan * a 4 9

Date Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age Be Bate Free Master County Freedom Dues fears Occupation Age Fi

3/21/6P fJiiiian Warner Harwich cooper & naviga* 12 6/7/78 Capt, Sarol, Poster Barnstable tir o , waci 9 at 2 su its 21 4/5/69 Stephen Stow Boston blacksmith., WRC; 14 2/1.5/76 Hdward Winter Suffolk 2 suits ? blacksmith a 4/12/69 Ann Forrest Springfield housewifery* WRj a 3/14/79 Jonathan bright Hampshire 2 Suits 10 gentleman * 13 6/17/69 Mary Brooks Plymouth housewif cry, 12 6/1/75 Thomas Matthews Plymouth Z su its b mariner 18 5/9/69 Kalian Procter Milton paper maker, WRCI 10 8/12/80 Richard Clark Suffolk Z su its 11 paper maker * 21 6/7/69 Ann Cromartie Boston man tea u maker, WR; 13 2/25/74 Ruth Pecosta Suffolk 2 su its • 3 mante.au maker 18 8/21/69 Blieaheth Pima Marblehead housewifery* tVR; b 12/15/81 James Barter Bssm 2 Suits 12 shipwright * 18 9/S/69 Mathaoiel Rhodes Shexhum ropetaaker,l®RC‘| 11 4/10/79 Aferaham. Baumt&tt Hm tucket Z suits 10 ropemake* 21 9/6/69 BLimabetb Mullins Boston housewifery* WR; 8 12/31/79 Robert Rand Suffolk 2 su its 10 shipjoiner 18 10/21/69 Ann Oythridge Cambridge housewifery* 11 5/10/76 James Frost Middlesex Z su its ? physician * 18 10/4/69 Francis Appleton. Bos fen Shipwright, fcfRC; 14 9/27/76 Thomas Walker Suffolk 2 suits 1 sh ipur£0tt 21

11/24/69 Sat all Duascutt Ashers t housewifery*A * t • * * WR; * 1 1/6/87 John McCienchan Hampshire 2 suits 17 blacksmith 18 50

Date Bound Apprentice tbwfi ftade Age Sound Date Dree Master County Freedom Dues 7ears Bound Occupation Age Free

10/26/69 John Godfrey Lancaster husbandry#, WRC; 5 s / u / m Matthew Knight Worcester 2 suits, hit 16 yeoman * 21 tt/4 /m Hannah Barry Falmouth housewifery# WRf 8 a/to/so Sanaa Oulton Cumberland 2 su its 10 single woman 18 11/4/69 Mary B arrett Southampton housewifery* WR; 15 9/35/72 Lemuel Fometey Hampshire 2 suits 3 IS 5/4/70 Mary Morris Dos ton housewifery* MU; 9 11/23/78 Sarah Dawes Suffolk 2 suits 9 widow 6/26/70 Robert Mcffoir CHan tucket) blacksmith# WRC; 12 i/8/79 Stephen Hi trey Hantucket 2 su its 9 hlcksmitfe 21

% z m m John Gilbert Dartmouth blacksmith.#.. v/RC; 6 12/17/85 jBtoathan Samson B ristol 2 suits 15 blacksmith * 21 6/30/70 William Rose Westfield cooper# WRG; 9 i/50/82 iklner Sacfcett Hampshire 2 su its 12 husbandman * 21 9/7/70 Susanna Whitman Boston housewifery# WR; 10 8/10/7 8s •Samuel Barnes Suffolk 2 suits B blacksmith IS 7/19/70 Lydia Rhodes Springfield housewifery* WR; 15 6/17/73 George %achoa Hampshire 2 suits 3 gentleman * 18 12/12/70 •James Melvin Boston peruke maker, WRC; 18 4/1/74 Richard Carpenter Suffolk 2 suits 3 peruke maker 21 11/1/70 Margaret Burton Hardwick housewifery# Wftj 8 7/20/80 Jonathan Warner Worcester 2 su its 10 y mmm * 18

7/6/70 Sarah Fattin Hardwick housewifery$ WRj 6 5/25/82 Aaron Hunt Ciforcester) 2 su its 12 yeoman 18 §OLU!SE OF WILLIAM & MARY 5/17/70 JL/34/71 5/23/70 3/20/81 10/13/79 3/10/73 2/1/77 9/5/75 1/1/81 3/1/70 5/23/83 m m 1/4/70 6/6/70 10/30/73 S/18/70 6/6/70 6/6/70 10/15/71 3/8/80 5/18/75 5/33/83 6/6/70 DateFree 11/7/70 Date Bound uahdi Dotey Jurashaddia Forthergilt Mary mariner lcsih * blacksmith merchant Hannah Bar jon Fellows Cornelius Abraham James Burton Burton James John Ingersoll Ingersoll John oeae * ropemaker Charles Baxter Baxter Charles Ebeneeer Blanchec Blanchec Ebeneeer Ann Ctomarfcie yeoman * aa f t t ill etg rth fb Sarah Foster Bossinger Green Lydia # cordwainer t »ttet&ou i» ftu w gentleman gentleman Sibbery Jonathan Thomas Banks victualler Lewder* Jr* John Master rdr * trader Occupation ahrn Thwing Katherine husbandman * JamesCampbell Loomi-s Seth Andrew Dunn * eordwalner MtmroDavid ete dae * draper leather Apprentice ihr Smith Richard Bolding Bolding tlmmatt *

Boston Gloucester Worcester Hat&tfick Hampshire Plymouth Suffcik Boston Hatfield County Plymouth Suffolk Westfield Hampshire j&sex Suffolk Braintree Hampshire Westfield Suffolk Hampshire Westfield Roxbury Middlesex Charleston Tom oswfr, UR: housewifery, oswfr, WR; housewifery, suits 2 suits 2 WRj housewifery, oswfey WR* housewif ery* oeae* WRC;ropemaker* its su 2 WRf housewifery, oswfr, UR; housewifery, 8 &Cooperhusbandry, suits 2 its si 2 13 " its su 2 WRCs odanr URC; cordwainer, ubnr* WRC;husbandry* WH3] cordwainer* Suits 2 its su 2 2 Trade s its su 2 WRC draper* 16 leather Suits 2 FreedomDues s t 5 its su 2 ut* LX3-6/8 Suits* fears Bound Age Free Age Bound (17> IS 15 11 13 18 21 18 IS 18 17 18 10 21 18 13 11 21 xi m a 1 2 6 7 3 9 7 9 5 1

51 52

Bate Bound apprentice Town Trade Age Bound Bate Free Master County Freedom Hies 7ears Bound Occupation Age Free

9/3/71 Ana Wilkinson Boston housewiferyt WR; 2 12/25/S7 Samuel Or ay Suffolk 2 su its 16 grocer 18 m m William Collins Marblehead sailoaker * WRC; 10 5/15/02 Richard Heck -Essex 2 su its 11 sailmaRer # 21 z m m James Ranstead Uma Brainifee husbandry* WRC; 1 5/16/85 Joseph ,* Johnson Worcester 2 su its 14 yeoman * 21 11/6/71 Thomas Akley Dedham MW; 15 10/3/77 Rev* Jason natron Suffolk 2 suits * 113*6/8 6 .clerk * 21 9/23/71 Rickard Butler Boston cor drainer* WRC; 16 2/28/77 William Andrews Suffolk 2 suits 5 Cordwainer 21

7 /2 1 /7 1 Antbony Haswell Boston printer'! WRC; 15 4 /6 /7 ? Isaiah Thomas Suffolk 2 suits 6 printer '21 6/12/71 James Melary Boston tobacconist and 11 7/15/81 Andrew G illespie Suffolk snuff maker, WRC; 10 tobacconist and 2 su its 21 snuff maker 6/12/71 Meal Peacock 14* Yarmouth husbandry*. WRC.; 11 8/28/81 S&vratd Russell Cumberland 2 suits* 113**6/8 10 physician 2 1

3/6/71 Enoch Jarvis Boston ropemoker* WRC; 20 3/13/72 Hugh Tarbett Suffolk 2 su its 1 ropemaker 21 9/19/71 Phillip Peak Boston housewri^Jt* 11fC; 19 4/18/73 Benjamin Scott Suffolk 2 su its 2 houg&rrigjbt 21

11/6/71 William McFarland Boston ehaimaker f ” WRC; 8 8/28/84 Samuel Ridgway Suffolk 2 suits 13 chaimaker 21 12/26/71 Jane Wiseafcen

Date Bound Apprentice town frade Age Bound Date Free Master County Freedom Dues Years Bound Occupation Age Free

5/13/71 Hannah Dowell Yarmouth housewifery* ,WR§ 9 4/%4 /m Nathan Stone Barnstable 2 Suits 9 clerk 18

2/ m / n Arm Allen . Hardwick housewifery* Wft; 8 9/S/00 Paul Madell Worcester 2 suits 10 yeoman I IS ia /io /7 i Elisabeth harden Dorchester housewifery* HU; 9 12/7/30 John Billings Suffolk 2 su its 9 gentleman IS 2 / m m James. Bailey Hardwick eordjaiiter* URC; 8 2/13/34 Benjamin Buggies Worcester 2 suits (and U3-6/8 13 yeoman' * if not taighi trade) 21 2/ 36/71 Sarah lewis Hardwick housewifely f WRj 5 1/20/34 Pan! Mandell Worcester 3 suits 13 yeoman 18 4/U /71 Joseph? Lillie Boston ta ilo r, WHO* 13 6/18/74 Richard Billings Suffolk 2 suits 8 ta ilo r 21 3/7/71 Nicholas Mangent Net? Marlborough husbandry* URC; 11 l/t/8 1 Peter Chapin Berkshire 2 suits* 116. 10 yeoman * 21 10/25/71 Henrietta Jones Sunderland housewifery, WE; 5 4/3/84 William Billings Hampshire 2 suits' 13 gentleman * 18 10/21/71 Elisabeth Cray Milton housewifery* HR; 7 4/3/33 Samuel Gardner Suffolk 2 su its U physician 18 9/25/71 Margaret Bright Brookfield housewifery* WR; 5 7/15/84=* Silas Stone Worcester 2 suits 13 yeoman * 18 3/13/71 th tlim Bans tend Boston bricklayeri' WRC; 9 4/10/83 Edward Maylcm Suffolk 2 Suits 12 bricklayer 21

2/14/71 Henry Flemings Nm Braintree husbandry, WRC; 8 8/17/83 Isaac Hunter Worcester 2 suits* 116 13 yeoman * .21 54

Date Bound Apprentice town trade Age Bound Date Free Wastes County Freedom Dues teats Bound Occupation Age Free i z f ? m Mary Mctary tecbury housewifery, Rj 15 7/12/74 Bzra Weston Plymouth 2 su its 3 # 18 2/14/71 timothy Foster Spencer husbandry * UPC; $ 8 / 22/86 David Baldwin Worcester 2 suits* U. 3-6/8 16 yeoman * 21 1/2/71 Josiafe Burke Boston cabinet maker* WHO; 13 S/5/73 Joins How Suffolk 2 suits 8 cabinet maker 21 9/23/71 James Fling Harwich Cooper and husband- 14 11/4/7S Nathanael Downs Barnstable rys tlROj 2 suits 7 husbandman * 21 12/0/72 Benjamin Bussard Rutland time i . 6 12/6/87 John. Boyes Worcester 2 suits* 113-6/8 15 yeoman 0 21 5/22/72 Elisabeth t&arffe Amherst housewifery* ’.R; 4 7/18/86 Martin Smith Hampshire 2 suits ' 14 housewright * 18 S/7/71 Esther Burgean Dartmouth housewifery* WRj S 7/15/81 David Durphy Bristol 2 suits 10 mariner # 18 12/9/72 Jane teadbetter Boston housewifery* HR? 13 10/19/77 Benjamin Bass Suffolk 2 suits 5 eordwairter 18

S/S/72 Benjamin Fitch Hear Braintree tailor* WRC; 6 8/15/87 James Holmes Worcester 2 suits 15 tailo r 21 10/13/72 Hannah Bthridge Springfield housewifery* WRj 7 12/31/83 George Pyncfcon Hampshire 2 suits 11 gentleman 18 4/27/72 Mary Liscow H atfield housewifery* WR; 7 4/21/83 HliSha A llis Hampshire 2 su its II gentleman * 18 S /5/72 Michael Stewart Boston navigation* WRCj 14 7/10/79 William Haynes Suffolk 2 su its 7 mariner 21 Pate Bound Apprentice tbwn trade Ag& Bound Pate Free Master County Freedom Dues Years Bound Occupation Age Free

8/21/72 Margarett Freestat Springfield housewifery, WRj 9 5/8/81 Hoses Bagg Hampshire 2 suits 9 blacksmith * 18 2/5/72 Mary List/ell Boston housewifery* NR; 9 5/29/81 Benjamin lager so 11 Suffolk 3 Suits, 9 mason 18 1/22/72 Susanna Jordan Hew Braintree housewifery* WR; 11 3/26/79 Ann Waite Worcester 2 suits 7 blacksmith * 18 10/16/78 Hannah Waite Bos fen housewifery* tJR? 14 1/20/77 jacobpSes Suffolk 2 suits 4 peruke maker 18 S/28/72 SUg&feefh Barbour Boston housewifery* NRj? 10 2/3/81. Jonathon Caleb Suffolk 2 Suits 8 blockmakcr 18 10/21/72 Henry Corey Bdgarfewn navigation* WRC; 18 7/1/75 John Headrick Bufces 2 su its 5 mariner 21 10/14/72 Nathaniel Cast Boston tailor* WSCf 14 7/27/79 John Province Suffolk 2 suits 7 ta ilo r 21 3.0/17/72 Utonas Cloud Heed N e liflc e t cooper, farming 0 6/4/85 Barnabas Atwood Barnstable and navigation* HR C; 13 gentleman * Z su its 31 S/22/73 Oliver Standard /taker st husbandry! WBC; S 4/13/08 Elisha Ingram Hampshire 2 suits* 113*5/8 16 yeoman * 21 8/5/72 Napthall Newhall Boston cha&ma&er*. V/RC; 15 6/25/78 Samuel RMgway, J r . Suffolk 3 Suits 6 chairma&er 21 2/6/72 George Hoxbes Hardwick husbandry* WRCjr"' 4 10/35/80 Paul Mandell Worcester • 2 suits,. 113*6/8 17 gentleman * 21

1/22/72 Samuel Prince /takers t husbandry* URC; 6 2/13/87 Jobs Field Hampshire 2 su its, 3S»13“6/8 16 gentleman * 21 56

Bate Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age Bo Bate Free Master County Freedom Dues Tears Occupation Agc.Fl

4/27/72 Martin McFarland Hatfield husbandry* WRC* 6 9/23/8? Elisha Allis Bm pshxm 2 suits* M3~6/t 15 gentleman 21 1/7/72 William Fullerton Westfield husbandry* jMRCj 17 S/27/76 John Mosely Hampshire 2 suits M3-6/8 n gentleman * 21 6/15/72 Joanna. Williams Hatfield housewifery* WR; r;3 1B/6/53 Noah Coleman Hampshire 2 su its 11 yeoman ** 18 4/7/72 Henry Welch tfe U fle e t cordwainer pud , 8 5/29/$$ Reuben Newcomb Barnstable navigation* WRC; 13 mariner * a su its 21 10/14/72 Joseph Stringer cooper * WPG;, 13 4/15/80 Job Wheelwright Suffolk 2 suits' 8 cooper 21 10/24/72 Peter Walker Murrayf ietd husbandry*. WRC; ■ • 5 2/17/89 Samuel Buck Hcmpshire 3 suits* 213**6/8 16 yeoman & 21 3/16/72 William Boardman Hopklttton Cordwainer* 14 1/30/80 Henry Mellon Middlesex 2 su its 7 gentleman * 21 5/31/73 Meaner Beanet Charlestown housewifery* NR; 6 3/15/85 Mary Go reborn Middlesex 2 suits 12 widow * 18 4/7/73 Thomas Codd Watertown husbandry* tffiC? 9 0A6/8S Samuel Benjamin Middlesex 2 suits* 113-6/8 12 .. yeoman * 21 7/7/73 Elizabeth White Easton housewifery* t/R; 6 7/14/85 Samuel Coney* J r f B ristol 3 suits' 12 yeoman * 18 10/22/73 Catherine White Falmouth housewifery* HRf 6 5/15/85 Nathaniel Coffin Cumberland 2 suits 12 physician * 18 3/26/73 John Heaick Boston navigation* ERG; 6 9/13/38 Nathaniel Cook Suffolk 2 suits* -cpadraat* 15 mariner pair of ■' compasses 21 and scale 57

Date Bound Apprentice Town trade Age Sound Date -Free Waster County Freedom Dues fears Bound Occupation Age Free

9 /1 /7 3 Sarah fattin Hardmck housewifery# WR; 9 5 /2 5 /6 2 Thomas Robinson Worcester 2 S uits 9 trader * 18 11/1.3/73 John lane Dunstable hwsbandryt WRC; 6 1 /2 6 /8 9 Jacob Taylor ClM4dleses> 2 su its U>.3«*6/8 15 husbandman * 21

1 1 /3 /7 3 Benjamin Barley Boston blockraaker* U^C; 14 4/9/81 John Brewer Suffolk 2 su its 7 blockmaker 31

5 /1 4 /7 3 Benjamin. Barley Boston bloc!asafEer« WRC; 13 4/9/81 uiliiaax siehinson Suffolk 2 suits 8 bloctosaker 21

6 /4 /7 3 John FI ant Harwich VJRC; 15 3 /3 9 /7 9 Timothy Haggles Worcester 2 suits* *43^6/8 6 gentleman * # 21

7 /2 0 /7 3 Hannah Uhitcooib Booth Bay housewifery* HR; 12 1/20/79 James Fullerton lin eals 2 suits 6 mariner *

7 /S /7 3 Michael Shepard Hopkinton husbandryj also to be 15 10/15/79 John Hayden Middlesex put out 6 mas* to a 6 husbandman * cordwainer* t$C; 21 3 s u i t s

9/1/73 Thomas Eurde^ay Boston ropemakerg.. WRC; 16 1 2 /2 5 /7 8 Bdbratd c* Howe Suffolk 2 s u its 5 ropenmkec 21 6 /2 5 /7 3 Margarett Richardson BewdoiMiam housewifery* HR; 12 6/15/79 Benjamin Hcwload lincoln 2 suits 6 husbandman 18 8 /4 /7 3 Benjamin Bust Boston printer* HfiCj 15 5/26/79 John Hicks Suffolk 2 s u its ’ 6 p rinter 31 6 /2 2 /7 3 Elizabeth McCulloch Hatfield housewifery* i% 8 7/25/83 Israel Williams* Jr* Hampshire 2 suits 10

7/6/83 Thomas Condan Dedham husbandry* WRC; 11 3/15/83 Hon* Samuel Defter Suffolk 2 suits* 113-6/8 10 esquire 31 SB

Bate- Bound Apprentice Town Trade Age -Bound Date Free Master County Freedom Dues fears Bound Occupation % e Bros

6/4/73 William Warren Hardwick tmc»# 11 8/15/83 Paul Mandell Worcester 2 5 uris, Li3*6/8 10 .gentleman * 31 9/3/73 John Wallis Lafca Marblehead eooper# WRC; 8 10/6/86 Joseph Storey Basest 2 SUltS- 13 cooper * 31

10/12/73 te i Dwaaresigue tfeetfield housewifery* ^ t| 7 9/1/54 Blls-ha Parks Hampshire 3 su its ' 11 gentleman * 18 9/20/74 Agist Crosby Boston housewifery, UR; 8 11/30/84 William McleauC ?) Suffolk 3 su its '■ 10 tobacconist 18 1/20/74 Katherine Ross Western housewifery, HR} 7 5/2/85 James Stone Worcester Z suits- 11 gentleman * 18 4/15/74 Margaret Home H atfield housewifery* WRj 6 12/25/85 Josiali Allis Hampshire 2 su its 12 husbandsan 18 3/4/74 William Cogswell Pembroke husbandry* wsc; 7 2/26/88 Wailianici ho ring, Jr*BIyta ottth 3 SultS* I 4 3 * 6 /8 14 husbandman * 21 4/6/74 James Kennedy Boston baker, WftC? 18 10/12/76 James tomnaxi Suffolk 2 su its 3 baker 21 4/6/74 JohnCrimes L ittleton husbandry* WP.C; 6 V I/89 Solomon Foster Middlesex 2 suits* 14 3-6/S 15 yeoman * 31 3/10/74 William Smith Malden navigation, ARC; 16 6/21/79 Asa Hatch Middlesex 3 su its 5 mariner * 21 4/26/74 Joseph Barrett Hatf ield husbandry, WRC; 6 -4/26/89 Jes&ah Allis Middlesex 3 su its 15 husbandman a 4/27/74 James Bell Pelham husbandry, KRC; 5 V is /0 0 James Wright Hampshire 3 Suits,. tl3**6/8 16 husbandman * 31 59

Bate Bound Appr&xtl ce tmm. Trade Age Bound Pate I>jfee Master County freedom dues years Bound Occupation % e Free

5/17/74 BavM Davis Southwick husbandry* WRCj 6 7/IS/B8 Stephen Saltan Hampshire 2 suits 15 husbandman * 21 5/4/74 John Aish Boston tailor* WRC; 14 I/IO/Sl Nicholas T&bb Suffolk 2 su its 7 ta ilo r

7/6/74 John Whitty Milton papermalser* WRC; 12 11/1/83 Richard Jar dm Suffolk 2 su its 9 papesstaijser * 21 6/8/74 John Crosby Boston eerdmainer* WRC; 19 zmm Benjamin Bass Syffbik 2 su its 2 corde^ner 21 7/5/14 Eleanor Whitty Attleborough housewifery* WR; 15 P/20/77 Benjamin Barrows B ristol Z su its 3 yeoman # 18 31/2/74 James Taylor Concord husbandry* wRC; 7 9 /3 /8 8 Josephy tee Middlesex 2 suits* l&3«6/8 14 physician # 21 8/19/74 Samuel Greenough Lancaster husbandry* ffflCe 9 9/10/86 Joseph lewis Worcester 2 su its, 113**6/8 12 yeoman * 21 7/7/74 Robert Bargain .Boston navigation* WRP; 7 9/11/78 Benjamin Eddy Suffolk 2 .suits 14 mariner 21 2/23/74 William Hartshorn Leicester husbandr y * HRCj 6 6/29/89 f^ihm.Jargeant Worcester 2 suits* 113-6/8 c 15 yeoman # 21 11/26/74 Hannah Whitman Boston housewifery* WE? 10 1 2 /1 S/82 Joseph Ballard Suffolk 2 suits 8 shopkeeper 18 1 1 /3 /7 4 Oliver Blanchard Springfield husbandry* WRCj 6 3/24/90. Samuel Williams Hampshire 2 suits* ll3«6/8 15 gentleman 21 10/27/74 Hiilip Condon Bernards ton husbandry* WRC; 10 9/10/85 Samuel Cuasafele* Jt* Hampshire 2 suits* f«l 3-6/8 11 husbandman # 21 60

Bate Bound Apprentice tbvm trade Age Bound. Bate free Master County Breeder hues fears Bound Occupation Age Bte©

3/5/74 Jeremiah Bov/ell Pawmalborough husbandry, WRC; 6 7/13/89 Jonathan Bowman Mucoin 2 suits , £13^6/8 15 esquire * 21 10/5/74 William Akley Boston navigation.,, iiWi 6 2/15/90 Shubael Downes Suffolk 2 su its, hibie*. 15 mariner and “Kalgndar**' 21 3A/75 John Cleverly Palmon husbandry, WRC; 7 3/1/89 Aaron Craws Hampshire 2 suits, 113-6/8' 14 husbandman * 31 3/6/75 Elizabeth wheeler 'Boston housewifery* WRf 11 6/15/82 fbm ezet Simpson Suffolk 2 suits 7 ta ilo r 18 1/11/75 Susanna Munn Worcester housewifery, WR; 11 5/14/82 William Young Worcester 2 suits 7 yeoman * 18 2/17/75 Sarah Draper Boston housewifery, WR; 9 2/12/84 Join* P ru itt Suffolk 2 suits 9 schoolmaster 18

12/9/76 Blieabeth Bather Rehobeth housewif ery, IS 2/4/80 James Hmrber B ristol 2 suits 3 esguire ft 18 APPENDI APPENDIX A

VOLUNTARY INDENTURES INCLUDED WITH THOSE OF POOR CHILDREN Date Bound %pjfentloe town Trade Bate Free Master County Freedom Dues fears B Oeciroation 12/15/42 Samuel (hililver ml~ f(56) Thomas Eus~» u 11/9/53 . Mary Wyatt Boston *•/*•/( 56) Jacob Wendell and Suffolk 3 ibim m u 5/4/57 John Shewsmith Thomas Smith 3/18/58 Edward Beane Boston Benjamin Burt Suffolk blacksmith 10/7/67 John Allen South Hadley weaver 14 - / - / ( s i ) Seth Smith Hampshire

12/8/67 Agnes Bagley Boston 5 - /-/(7 2 ) Jeremiah Bumstead fSuffolk) 3/8/68 Mary webb Eoxbury a - / - / (70) William Spry Suffolk 5/21/68 Mary Tamer Hadley 4 - /7 ( ? 2 ) Charles Phelps (Hampshire) 7/3/69 Ann Bavis Middleburv 3 7/13/72 Sylvanua Higgins Connecticut

-/-/< 7 3 ) Boberh McHear Natucket 3/8/79 Stephen Hussey (Watucket) (6) -/-/< ? 3 ) Edward Jones MdosdemC 8/31/79 William Qregg New H^npshi^ (6) 63 APPBflPXK

tm$M i

trnm m m m m m mim mm mmrnw mm 1 7 3 4 * 1 7 7 6 top ilm f®m mmpt im 1734 && 1775*4776)

M f md fmm 1734 1740 1%S 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 to ta l thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1747 1754 1757 1764 1769 17% 1776 s w w m w m m

B 0 26 37 27 24 49 34 35 2 234 Sta&ogy 0 2 5 2 0 1 1 1 00' 12 w m rn 0 4 0 0 2 0 3 2 0 '11 Bedhara 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 2 0 S feul&trae 0 2 1 1 0 0 § 1 0 5 Hrenttea 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 4 i®ro! 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 ' 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 00 2 Chelsea 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 a Hainan 0 § 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 H&ifieM 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Jfeedbam 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 S terile ® 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 l&mfchAm 0 0 § 1 0 0 •o 0 0 1 Mejnsiouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ttingham 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 total* Suffolk, outside Boston 0 13 14 10 .6 ar 7 7 0 56 t o t a l Suffolk

incl* Boston 0 39 SL* r* « * 37 30 50 41 42 2 292

WCRCEgSXBSl COOTTf

H&fdu4ek 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 10 0 16 Rutland 0 0 ifo 2 0 1 3 X § 9 tan caeter 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 4 L eicester 0 0 1 2 2 O 0 1 0 6 Oxford 0 1 2 2 1 0 a 0 0 6 tforeesta* 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 1 6 mSflf ma wU t a ta -iM. in M '*•** Ar'rttn we ifn1 eiii 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 4 0 4 Ifresterit 0 1 0 i 1 a 0 1 0 4 B rookfield 0 0 a 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 Holden 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 leoisiBSter 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 a Sturhrldge 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 a Bwlta* 0 0 0 0 0 1 a 0 0 i Oudley 0 1 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 i irafhou 0 0 0 0 1 a 0 0 0 i County and fown .1734 1740 1745 1750 1755/1760 1765 1770 1775 to ta l thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

WORCESTER COWf (cont#) Harvard 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Xunenberg 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Pertersham 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Southborough 0 § 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Spencer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 1 Sutter 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Abridge 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 I ^.fetal*™..J foro^sfeerf 7 ; 0 3 10 10 7 a 16 ao 1 73

HAMPSHIRE GOmt Springfield 0 Q 0 1. O 3 5 4 0 13 W estfield 0 0 0 3 1 3 0 6 0 13 H atfield 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 6 0 a Northhampton 0 0 1 a a 1 0 0 0 6 toherst | 0 0 0 0 0 O a 3 0 5 iejui 0 O 5 0 o 0 0 0 0 5 Sommers 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 O 0 3 Blanford 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a D eerfield 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 a HadleyO 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 Suffteld 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 a Sunderland 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 22 Bedford 0 O I 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bernardston 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Brimfield 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 00 1 Cranby 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Greenwich 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ItergyfleM 0 0 0 O' 0 0 0 1 0 1 Pabaoti * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Pelhainr' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 1 Souitaapton 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Southwiclc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Hestborough 0 0 1 o 0 0 0 0 0 1 fare 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 f e t a l Hampshire 0 0 9 s 6 la 15 a4 1 75 County and town 1734 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 t o t a l thru thru thru thru “ thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

\ lEDBIESBX.COIMir

Mobvm 0 6 "1 1 0 0 1 0 0 9 C&arlegtown 0 a 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 8 Hopkt&tca o a 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 7 Watertown 0 i '1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 Bedford 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 00 3 Cambridge 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 3 H e llisto n 0 0 0 1 i 0 1 0 0 3 loxin gton 0 1 1 0 i 0 0 0 0 3j M ttle to n - , 0 0 0 0 i 1 0 1 0 3 Hadden 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 Medford 0 1 0 X 0 1 0 0 0 3 Beading 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 Sherborn 0 a 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 B ille r ic a 0 o 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 Concord 0 o 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 Sudbury 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

Chelmsford 00 o 1 , 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Dunstable 0 o 0 .0 0 0 0 1 0 1 H a tfield 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 X L incoln 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Marlborough 0 1 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Hewtown 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 fewksbury 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Westfprd 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X Wilmington 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Weston 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 t o t a l M iddlesex 0 23 14 8 7 4 7 10 0 73

MMocfH mwm

Bridgewater 0 4 a 11 6 2 0 0 0 25 Plymouth 0 O 0 1 a 2 1 1 0 7 S c ltu a te 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 4 Abington 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 M arshfield 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 3 Pembroke 0 0 0 0 X 0 1 1 0 3 Halifax' 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 .Bingham/ 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Middleboro 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Z Ihncbury - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 t o t a l Plymouth 0 a 3 14 12 6 5 3 0 51 66

County endtw m 1734 1740 1741 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 total thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

BABNStABXE COOTI

M ellfleet 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 2 0 12 Barnstable 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 6 Harwich 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 4 BastJaam 0 0 0 0 0 a 1 0 0 3 Smdwich 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 t^uro 0 0 0 0 1 o 1 0 0 2 Yarmouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 to ta l Barnstable 0 0 0 1 2 5 18 5 0 31

ESSEX COIMtT

Marblehead 0 0 0 0 ■ # , 4 6 2 0 19 Sale® 0 0 1 I 0 1 .0 0 0 3 Haverhill 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 Wen3aam 0 0 2 '0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Gloucester 0 0 O 0 0 ■0 0 . 1' 0 1 Methuen 0 0 0 00 1 0 0 0 0 1 Hewbury 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 O' 1 » f# ta l Essex 0 1 4 2 8 6 7 3 0 31 m m o % c o i t ! Easton 0 Q 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 4 Bsyahaia 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 Attleboro 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 1 0 2 Dartmouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 Horton 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 faunton 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 Bristol. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Freetown 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Behoboth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Swansea 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 to ta l B risto l 1 3 2 0 2 2 4 4 1 19 County and Town 1734 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 total tiara thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776 dikes eowrr E&gariown 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 4 (Only Tom Represented)

MiOTOiit comnt Sberburn 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 Bmbmk&t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 to ta l Uantucket 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 4

Berkshire comm Hew Marlborough 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 I (Only Tom Represented)

IWGQW m m m (now part o f Maine) Pownallborough 0 O 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 4 Boothbay 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 Georgetown 0 O 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 Bodotrxfeam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 11 fort Pownall 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 I fopsham 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 I to ta l Xtncoln 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 3 0 11 cwmmum mmm (now part of Ma im) f&lmmibb 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 Brunswick 0 0 0 0 0 I % 0 0 % Horth Yarmouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 % I 0 2 Barpsweli 0 0 O 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 to ta l Cumberland 0 0 O 0 0 I 3 2 0 S ] 1 County and Town 1734 I f40 1743 1750 .1735 .1760 1765 1770 1775 o thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 174$ 1734 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

T01K COtlTO (now part of Maine) Brunewiok 0 0 0 1 0 0 O 0 0 1 Falmouth 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Georgetown 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Horth Yarmouth 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 St* George’s 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 O' 1 to ta l fork O 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 5

HAHCOCK cowm (now part o f Maine) Penobscott 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 (Only town Represented)

MEW HAMPSHIRE (Colony) liondonderry 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 4 Chester 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Mtehfleld 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 to ta l Mew Hampshire 0 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 6

COMMBCTICHT (Colony) Higgins 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Lebanon 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Mansfield 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Wardham 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 to ta l Connectieut 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 4

Marne o f town OMITTED onindenture 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2

CRAJD T0TAE 1 ?$ 100 82 % 96 133 119 5 692 i f t P l w i t *

UES ?0 WHICH POOR CHILDREN WERE APPRENTICED, 173/^1776 (by five year periods* except for 1734 and 1775-1776)

Trade 1734 1740 1743 Iff© 1755 1760 1761 1770 1775 '%'otal tir o tir o thru tir o tir o thru ttir o tir o I 1744 1749 X754- 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776 -|;

AGRIGBLT0ML TRAP!

Husbandry 0 17 16 4 a 3 2 27 1 78 Farmer a 0 a 8 3 0 0 0 0 19 wOOpSP o£lat tiluSuetnCurj tiV\ >1 IQ 1*f au AM Au AU AU Au - UA

pOTIME L 4 Mariner* navlga~ / tor , sailor 0 1 4 2 6 7 17 6 0 43 Ropamaker 0 2 1 0 2 3 4 3 0 16 Bloekmaker 0 Q 2 0 0 4 0 2 0 8 4 *1 vw^Vaihi V 1 un UA J<2 AU wi AU o& Shipwright 0 1 a 1 0 0 3 0 0 5 Boatbtiilder 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 Cooper & navig. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Mastmaker 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ship carpenter 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Ship joiner 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Shoreman 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 to ta l Maritime 0 7 a 4 13 17 .26 12 0 87

ALL OTHER MM

Cooper o 1 !• 4 3 12 6 3. 0 30 Coriuainer 0 3 O 4 5 3 6 6 0 27 ta ilo r 0 5 3 0 1 2 2 4 0 17 Blacksmith 0 3 1 1 2 3 3 2 0 1.4 Housewrlght 0 2 7 1 0 0 3 14 0 15 Weaver . 0 2 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 9 Gbairmaker 0 0 0 O 3 1 0 2 0 6 trade i m 174© m i 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Total thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

Bricklayer 0 a 1 1 0 0 0 X 0 » Cabinet maker 0 i 1 1 0 0 0 I 0 4 Peruke maker 0 1 O 1 1 0 0 I 0 4 Printer 0 O 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 4 Barber & peruke mkr 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 Papenaaker 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 3 Twine spinner 0 0 1 0 0 a 0 0 0 3 Barber 0 1 1 0 0 o 0 0 0 a D is tille r 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 Goldsmith 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 O 0 a Gainer 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Patter 0 0 a 0 0 © 0 0 0 a Baker 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 i Baker & chairmkr* 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 i Bi®ier & founder 0 0 1 0 O 0 0 0 0 i Bric&aaker ; 0 0 .0 x 0 0 , , , o 0 0 , 1s .... Oardmaker 6 0 0 0 6 8 1 ' 6 ' * 0 Cbftiy & drum mkr* 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 i Carrier 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x Glazier 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 i Gunsmith 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 O i Keep march* acets* 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 heather draper 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 O X Usson 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Saddler- 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 1.. Shoemaker 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Spinner 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Tallow chandler 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 © 0 1 Tobacconist 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Turner 0 0 1 0 O' 0 0 0 0 1 V ictualler 0 1 *0 © 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 'Other"5' 'male 0 as 27 aa 17 a t 26 27 0 173

WBMhtM TRADES Housewifery 0 as 0 0 10 42 17 45 4 186 Spinster 0 o 41 42 .117 0 0 0 0 100 f e l t , sew Jospin 0 o 0 0 5 a 0 0 0 0 a tfentean mSer o ' 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 i fo ta i - Female 0 26 ■41 42 29 42 fa 45 4 289 n trade 1734 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 total thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

to ta l Male to ta l Female m m t mm. 1 76 100 82 76 96 135 117 5 692 OCCUPATIONS OF MASEEHS OF POOR APPRENTICES (by five year periods# except for 1734. and 1775-1776)

Occupation 1734 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 total thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

AffilCtffiWRAI. 0 13 23 23 9 11 24 21 1 127 Husbandman 0 13 10 5 13 3 4 12 1 61 jrarmerTiV ri iVifthfi iTiifft. 0 4 O Q 0 0 1 O 0 5 to ta l Agri

ALL OtH® MALE Gentleman 0 0 5 7 '2 8 a 1? 0 4 7 Cordwairter 0 4 1 4 3 4 8 3 0 229 Blacksmith 0 5 2 1 1 3 5 4 0 23 ta ilo r x t } 0. 6 4 0 1 4 4 4 1 24 Honsewright 0 1 7 3 1 2 i 2 0 22 Esquire 0 0 2 2 3 1 4 2 1 17 Merchant 0 2 4 0 1 2 7 1 0 17 Physician 0 0 0 3 1 3 3 4 0 16 Clerk 0 1 3 1 2 2 1 2 0 12 Cooper 0 1 1 4 2 2 0 2 0 1 2 Occupation 1734 1740 1741 17$0 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 total thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1747 1754 1757 1764 1767 1774 1776

Bricklayer 0 2 I 2 0 0 1 1 0 7 Weaker 0 1 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 Cabinet maker 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 X 0 6 Ghairmaker 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 2 0 6 Trader 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 6 Wig/peruke mkr* 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 6 D is tille r 0 1 1 1 I 1 0 0 0 5 Shopkeeper 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 5 Feltmaker 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 4 Goldsmith 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 4 Mason 0 0 0 0 X 2 0 i 0 4 fTinter 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 4 Spinner 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 Barber 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Joiner 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 m 3 Fapermaker 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 Wigmaker & barber 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 V ictualler 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 Clothier 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 Currier 0 1 0 0. 0 0 1 0 0 2 Better 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Saddler 0 0 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 Schoolmaster 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 Stonecutter 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 Wheelwright 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 Baker * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Baker & Chairmkr* 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Brazier 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Brazier & founder 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 © 0 1 Brickmaster 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Cardaaker 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Farrier 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Grocer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 1 Gunsmith 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Hsewrt* & glazier 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Japanner 0 0 0 0 1- 0 0 0 0 1 leather draper 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 M iller 0 0 0 0 0 0 X- 0 0 X Ropemkr* & spinner 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Silversmith 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Skinner 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Stationer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Tallow chandler 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Tanner 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Tobacconist 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Tobac* & snuff rakr* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 11 Turner 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Occupation m i m o 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 to ta l thru thro ttj3?U thru thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

Total Other male 0 31 51 a 34 m 60 65 5 34&

Widow 0 0 o 0 1 0 0 a 0 3 Single woman 0 0 0 0 0 % 1 0 0 2 Manteau maker 0 0 0 0 0 0 X- 0 0 1 Total Female 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 a 0 6

GMXf'TBP ( a ll male) 1 a 6 6 5 1 7 a- 0 36 TTtTJM>TfttSi ( a ll male) 0 0 a x' 0 0 0 0 0 3

m m m m - I IS to o S3 & 76 135 119 & 692 f mtM w m m SPECIFIED OH INDENTURES OF POOR CHIIDBSH, 1734*1776 (by five year periods, except for 1734 and 17?5**Y776)

Humber o f years 1734 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 to ta l t h m ttaa thru unrrn thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

BOYS

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 4 a 0 0 1 0 0 4 1 2 0 8 3 0 2 6 3 1 1 3 3 0 19 4 0 1 2 3 2 0 1 2 0 11 5 0 2 2 2 I 4 2 4 0 17 6 0 2 5 2 1 4 3 7 0 24 7 0 3 5 1 3 4 3 6 0 27 8 0 2 3 3 2 1 5 4 0 20 9- 0 4 4 4 3 2 4 3 0 24 10 0 4 1 1 4 4 5 6 0 25 n 0 2 2 3 5 6 3 2 0 23 12 0 6 5 1 2 3 4 3 0 24 13 0 5 2 2 3 2 13 8 0 35 14 1 4 7 2 3 6 15 4 1 43 15 0 2 3 7 7 6 5 14 0 44 16 0 6 4 a 7 6 7 4 0 36 17 0 3 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 10 18 0 0 2 o 0 0 8 O 0 2 19 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 20 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 (covered, not figured la total; 0 1 0 0 0 0 I to ta l boys 1 50 59 40 47 14 77 74 1 403 Average boys «*»** 11*2 10*} 5 10*2 12*0 10*1 11*4 10*1 IQ#1 76

Number of years 1734 1740 1745 ITfO 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 to ta l thru thru %Wt$l tir o thru thru thru thru 1744 1749 1754 1759 1764 1769 1774 1776

§$&$ 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 2 0 O 2 2 1 2 3 0 0 10 3 0 1 4 3 1 3 6 4 1 23 4 0 a i 1 0 2 5 I 0 13 5 0 3 6 4 1 3 2 2 0 a 6 0 3 4 3 3 0 5 2 0 20 7 0 1 1 3 4 4 7 I 2 a a 0 4 1 5 1 3 2 3 0 19 9 0 I 1 3 1 3 4 3 1 22 10 0 0 7 2 4 2 9 5 0 29 SI 0 1 1 5 5 3 4 a 0 32 3.2 0 6 a 2 7 7 10 f 0 45 13 0 a a 3 1 3 0 3 0 19 34 0 i i O 0 1 0 1 0 4 IS 0 i a 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1? 0 0 0 0 0 O 1 0 0 1 total girls 0 23 41 42 29 42 53 45 4 239 Average, g irls *W* 3*0 3,2 3,5 3*3 8*6 3,3 9,1 —■ 3,5 BIBLIOCaiAPHY (Merles Consulted);

f r im a ty sources*

& M g Sgaolzsa, SM i s Private, s i m Province ■pt Massachusetts I§>P $2 which g£§ Fref&Ked f&g Charter ,g|: £&£ Province with Historical r' Explanatory Notes, and gn Appendix, 21 vols, Boston, 1869-1922* Vols* M il (Acts)* % Boston Indentures, 1734*1805* Indentures o f Poor Children Bound Cut as Apprentices by the Overseers o f the Poor o f the Town o f Boston# Bias Volumes, in the Office of the Clerk of the City of Boston* Microfilm Copy in the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia* Record Commissioners o f the City o f Boston, Reports* 39 v o ls* , Boston, 1376* 1909* Vols* VII, V III, X II, XIV, XVII (gown Reeordah XI, X II, XV, XVII, m , XX, XXXII, XXV (S^Xeeta^n.'s Rgaardg); X £aB§SS)« S h u rtleff, Nathaniel B, (e d .), Record3 s i the Governor and Companys i Massa- ohnsettg Bay Zg New England* 4 v o ls* , Boston, 1853* Vols* 1 & II*

Secondary works*

Bridenbaugh, Carl, Citjgg &evolt» ||gg. in feerlea, 1743-1776. New fork, 1955.

i Mmmmmmmmrnm w* Cities i u i .1 ^ »i.m mu i.nin . inm mm the i S f t w * Wilderness* The First Centurv ofmmm$ mUrban lm m Sm Sm . Life mSmimbm* in mmm f e s i s a . 2 & 2 5 r2 3 6 £ . »ew fork, 1938. . The Colonial Craftsman* New fork , 1950* Cook, Frederic W# (coup*), Historical Bata Relating to Counties* Pities and Towns | n Massachusetts* ^fostoi^, 1943* Crandall, Ruth, **Wholesale Sommodity Prices in Boston During the Eighteenth Centuey, Review o f Economic S ta tistics* XVI (June 15 and September. 15, 1934), pp’%, UTpiaS^ 178-183, Davies, Margaret Gay, The 2 | i i M & ;§ M M M Applied Mercantilism* Cambridge, Mass*, 1956* Douglas, Paul H«, American Apprenticeship ^nd Industrial Education. (Columbia Ohiversity Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law, XCV, No* 2) New York , 1921*

Jernegan, Marcus Wilson, fetefeg and D^midgnt C lm m Jn America, M2Z-M2* SIMjes of Economic, EducaWonal, ^ Social Signifla^^e of Slaves, i§£H lS§# teaB M SSSt HH £BSK M*S* Chicago, 1931* Ifclso, Robert 1*, BteSflKg fl& M1M M S§M in &2Sh 1920* Boston, 1922* Morgan, Edmund S*, The MMM E e S 1 $ SiSSB 3 Mtg&NI SS* &»§M& I s Seventeenth Century lew England* Morris, Richard B*, Government and §abor in Early America* New York, 1946* Seybold, Robert P ., Apprenticeship Education jn Colonial New England and New York. New’York, 1917* Shipton, Clifford E*, "Immigration to New England, i686**1740,fl Journal £g Mmsz& Msmm xm (April, 1936) PP. 225-239.

. Isa ia h Thomas 1 Printer. Patriot and Philant.hnnntflt. Rochester. N. t „ 1948. Shurtleff# Nathaniel. B.» A topographical and Historical Inscription @g Boston* Boston# 1 8 7 1 Smith# Abbot Emerson# Colonists in Bondage; IM te Servitude and Convict .Labor in -America* 1607-1776. Chapel H ill# 1947.

Thomas, Isaiah, The MMSSSK S i S M f e g & im s k & * BS& & S i f x M m and an^Account of Newspapers* Jo which is prefixed a Concise flew o f the Discovery o f Jhg ’Art jn Other Parts t|ie World. 2 v o ls.# Worcester# Mass.# 1810. fa ll# Robert W* S.# "Isaiah Thomas#* In Dumas Malone (ed.-)# Dictionary gg American Biography. 20. yols*#~Jew~ Ycu?k#X936* 80

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fins author of this thesis ms hom in Buffalo# New fork, on March 20, 1934# and ms educated in the public schools of that city* In 1951 he entered the State University of Hew fork# College for teachers at Buffalo# whence he received the degree o f Bachelor o f Science in June# 1955* from July# 1955 to June, 195?# he served in the Array of the .lilted States# spending me year near I'rankfurt am Main, Uermany* In September# 1957, he entered the College o f William and Mary as a graduate assistant in the Department of History to begin work on a Master's degree in American History* This thesis is a partial requirement for that degree* At present he is under contract to teach In Kenmore# Hew fork*

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This i s a modern (1948) map* Cmunty an i tosm boundaries have besn readjusted sev era l tim es sin e s the eigh teenth oarrfcury. Norfolk County ersctsd from part of Suffolk, 1793? Berkshire, Frank!In, and Hampden Counties erected from parts of Hampshire, 1761, 1811, 1812*