LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC ASSOCIATION Fact Sheet

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC ASSOCIATION Fact Sheet LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC ASSOCIATION Fact Sheet Founded by William Andrews Clark, Jr., a 42-year-old amateur musician, lawyer, and art patron, the Los Angeles Philharmonic performed its first concert on Friday, October 24, 1919, in Trinity Auditorium with its first Music Director, Walter Henry Rothwell. The Philharmonic’s premiere audience heard Dvorák's New World Symphony, Liszt's Les Préludes, the Overture to Weber's Oberon, and Chabrier's España. The Philharmonic gave concerts in Philharmonic Auditorium from 1920 through the end of the 1963/64 season. In 1964, the orchestra moved to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles Music Center, , which was its winter home until their final performances there in May 2003. The orchestra moved to its new home, the 2,265-seat Walt Disney Concert Hall when it opened in October 2003 for the Inaugural season in 2003/2004. The Music Directors of the Philharmonic: Walter Henry Rothwell 1919-1927 Georg Schnéevoigt 1927-1929 Artur Rodzinski 1929-1933 Otto Klemperer 1933-1939* Alfred Wallenstein 1943-1956 Eduard van Beinum 1956-1959* Zubin Mehta 1962-1978 Carlo Maria Giulini 1978-1984* André Previn 1985-1989* Esa-Pekka Salonen 1992- present * During the periods when the orchestra had no music director, the orchestra performed under the direction of guest conductors. The orchestra consists of 105 musicians: Violins: 34 Flutes (incl. Piccolo): 4 Horns: 6 Violas: 13 Oboes (incl. English Horn): 4 Trumpets: 4 Cellos: 12 Clarinets (incl. Bass Clarinet): 4 Trombones: 4 Basses: 9 Bassoons (incl. Contrabassoon): 4 Tuba: 1 Harp: 1 Timpani and Percussion: 4 Keyboards: 1 BUDGET: The Los Angeles Philharmonic Association's budget for the 2004/2005 fiscal year was approximately $74 million. Ticket sales and other earned income represent approximately 71% of the budget. 1/05 .
Recommended publications
  • NAME AFFILIATION MUSIC Arcos, Betto KPFK, Latin Music Expert
    SANTA MONICA ARTS COMMISSION JURY POOL Updated 12/12/2014 NAME AFFILIATION MUSIC Arcos, Betto KPFK, latin music expert Barnes, Micah Bentley, Jason KCRW music program host; SM Downs, LeRoy KJAZ Eliel, Ruth Colburn Foundation Fernandez, Paul SM Music Center Fleischmann, Martin Music producer Franzen, Dale Performing arts producer Gallegos, Geoff "Double G" Jazz arranger/player/music director Gross, Allen Robert Artistic Director/Conductor, SM Symphony Guerrero, Tony Tony Guerrero Quartet Jain, Susan Pertel Producer, Chinese cultural expert Jones, O-Lan Composer, producer Karlin, Jan Levine, Iris Dr. Vox Femina Marshall, Anindo Director, Adaawe Maynard, Denise KJAZ Mosiman, Marnie singer Pourafar, Pirayeh Musician, teacher Pourmehdi, Houman Musician, teacher Cal Arts, Lian Ensemble Roden , Steve (also Visual Art) Visual artist/sound composer (Glow 2010) Scott, Patrick Artistic Director, Jacaranda music series, SM Smith, Dr. James SM College Sullivan, Cary Producer/Afro Funke Night Club PERFORMANCE ART Davidson, Lloyd Keegan & Lloyd Fabb, Rochelle Performance artist Fleck, John Performance Artist Froot, Dan Performance artist Gaitan, Maria Elena Performance Artist, Musician, Linguist, Educator Hartman, Lauren Crazy Space Kearns, Michael Writer/performer Keegan, Tom Keegan & Lloyd Kuida, Jennifer Great Leap Kuiland-Nazario, Marcus Curator, Performance artist Malpede, John LAPD Marcotte, Kendis Former Director, Virginia Avenue Project Miller, Tim Performance Artist/ Former Director Highways Palacios, Monica Performance artist Sakamoto, Michael Performance artist Werner, Nicole Dance, performance, theater Wong, Kristina SANTA MONICA ARTS COMMISSION JURY POOL Updated 12/12/2014 NAME AFFILIATION Woodbury, Heather Performance artist Zaloom, Paul Performance artist THEATER Abatemarco, Tony Skylight Theater Almos, Carolyn Loyola, Burglers of Hamm Almos, Matt Playwright, producer, Disney Corp.
    [Show full text]
  • Top Attractions
    LOS ANGELES L.A. LIVE 901 West Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90015 COURTYARD | 213.443.9222 | Marriott.com.com/LAXLD RESIDENCE INN | 213.443.9200 | Marriott.com/LAXRI 5 ATTRACTIONS 34 1 Arts District (2.8 mi) BURBANK 2 Bunker Hill (1.3 mi) 3 Chinatown (2.8 mi) 4 Dodger Stadium 5 Dolby Theater (7.5 mi) 18 101 6 Financial District (0.7 mi) PASADENA 7 Griffith210 Observatory/LA Zoo (8.3 mi) 8 Hollywood Bowl (8.3mi) 22 9 LACMA (6.2 mi) 10 LA LIVE (1 minute walk) 101 STAPLEs Center (less than 5 minute walk) Microsoft Theater (less than 5 minute walk) 7 11 Grammy Museum (less than 5 minute walk) 12 Little Tokyo (2.8 mi) 21 13 Los Angeles Coliseum/LA Rams Stadium (3 mi) 14 Los Angeles Convention Center (0.7 mi, 14 minute walk) 8 Los Angeles Music Center (1.8 mi) HOLLYWOOD 2. BUNKER HILL Dorothy Chandler Pavilion (1.8 mi) 25 32 5 3. CHINATOWN Ahmanson Theater (1.8 mi) 5 6. FINANCIAL DISTRICT Mark Taper Forum (1.8 mi) BEVERLY HILLS 12. LITTLE TOKYO Walt Disney Concert Hall (1.8 mi) 17. OLIVERA STREET 15 Los Angeles Public Library (0.9 mi) 4 28. GRAND CENTRAL 10 30. THE BLOC/MACY’S 16 OUE Skyspace LA (1.1 mi) 9 3 35. 7TH ST/METRO CENTER STATION 17 Olivera Street (2.6 mi) 36 36. UNION STATION 18 Rose Bowl Stadium (11.5 mi) 20 17 28 19 Santa Monica Pier (15.2 mi) 6 30 12 20 The Broad (1.6 mi) 21 16 35 2 27 The Getty (14.7 mi) 22 Universal Studios Hollywood/Universal60 City Walk (10 mi) 10 L.A.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SOUND of MUSIC Wednesday, October 7, 2015 Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles
    experienceL.A. THE SOUND OF MUSIC Wednesday, October 7, 2015 Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles THE SOUND OF MUSIC The Sound of Music is a stage and film musical based on The Story of the Trapp Family Singers, the memoir of Maria von Trapp. The story takes place in Austria at the brink of World War II. Maria, a plucky nun turned governess, is charged with caring for the seven children of a military captain. Maria’s delightful teaching of music to the children leads to their becoming a celebrated touring act, the innocence of which is shattered as the realities of Nazi rule become inescapable. Notably, many details of the von Trapp family story were changed to increase the dramatic impact of the musical version. Inspired by a pair of German films about the von Trapps from the mid-1950s, the stage version of The Sound of Music premiered on Broadway in 1959. The production won multiple Tony Awards, and the show has been revived many times since, including a renowned 1998 Broadway revival. The 1965 film version starring Julie Andrews won five Academy Awards and is still beloved today by viewers around the world. Written by Rodgers and Hammerstein, the songs of The Sound of Music—including “My Favorite Things,” “Do, Re, Mi,” “Edelweiss,” and the title song—have been celebrated for more than half a century. RODGERS AND HAMMERSTEIN Composer Richard Rodgers and librettist Oscar Hammerstein were one of the most prolific, successful songwriting teams in the history of musical theatre. The pair’s first collaboration, Oklahoma! (1943), marked the start of a new theatrical genre: the musical play, which combined elements of musical comedy, operetta, and drama.
    [Show full text]
  • LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC Short History
    LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC Short History The Los Angeles Philharmonic is defining the concept of a “21 st century orchestra” with innovation and exuberance under the dynamic leadership of Esa-Pekka Salonen, music director since 1992 and a distinguished composer in his own right. Now in its 88th season, the Philharmonic is recognized as one of the world’s outstanding orchestras, and is received enthusiastically by audiences and critics alike. Both at home and abroad, journalists agree that,”…in 2006, [it] tops the list of America’s premier orchestras and serves as a lesson in how to update an august cultural institution without cheapening its work.” (The New York Times) This view is shared by more than one million listeners who experience live performances by the Philharmonic each year. The Philharmonic demonstrates a breadth and depth of programming unrivaled by other orchestras and cultural institutions, performing or presenting nearly 300 concerts throughout the year at its two iconic venues: Walt Disney Concert Hall and the Hollywood Bowl, a popular summer tradition since 1922. The orchestra’s involvement with Los Angeles also extends far beyond regular symphony concerts in a concert hall, embracing schools, churches, and neighborhood centers of a vastly diverse community. The Los Angeles Philharmonic was founded by William Andrews Clark, Jr., a multi-millionaire and amateur musician, who established the city’s first permanent symphony orchestra in 1919. Walter Henry Rothwell became its first music director, serving until 1927 and, since then, nine renowned conductors have served in that capacity: Georg Schnéevoigt (1927-29); Artur Rodzinski (1929-33); Otto Klemperer (1933-39); Alfred Wallenstein (1943-56); Eduard van Beinum (1956-59); Zubin Mehta (1962-78); Carlo Maria Giulini (1978- 84); André Previn (1985-89); and, since the 1992-93 season, Esa-Pekka Salonen.
    [Show full text]
  • LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC ASSOCIATION Fact Sheet
    LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC ASSOCIATION Fact Sheet Founded by William Andrews Clark, Jr., a 42-year-old amateur musician, lawyer, and art patron, the Los Angeles Philharmonic performed its first concert on Friday, October 24, 1919, in Trinity Auditorium with its first Music Director, Walter Henry Rothwell. The Philharmonic’s premiere audience heard Dvorák's New World Symphony, Liszt's Les Préludes , the Overture to Weber's Oberon , and Chabrier's España . The Philharmonic gave concerts in Philharmonic Auditorium from 1920 through the end of the 1963/64 season. In 1964, the orchestra moved to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles Music Center, which was its winter home until their final performances there in May 2003. The orchestra moved to its new home, the 2,265-seat Walt Disney Concert Hall when it opened in October 2003 for the Inaugural season in 2003/2004. The Music Directors of the Philharmonic: Walter Henry Rothwell 1919-1927 Georg Schnéevoigt 1927-1929 Artur Rodzinski 1929-1933 Otto Klemperer 1933-1939* Alfred Wallenstein 1943-1956 Eduard van Beinum 1956-1959* Zubin Mehta 1962-1978 Carlo Maria Giulini 1978-1984* André Previn 1985-1989* Esa-Pekka Salonen 1992- present * During the periods when the orchestra had no music director, the orchestra performed under the direction of guest conductors. The orchestra consists of 105 musicians: Violins: 34 Flutes (incl. Piccolo): 4 Horns: 6 Violas: 13 Oboes (incl. English Horn): 4 Trumpets: 4 Cellos: 12 Clarinets (incl. Bass Clarinet): 4 Trombones: 4 Basses: 9 Bassoons (incl. Contrabassoon): 4 Tuba: 1 Harp: 1 Timpani and Percussion: 4 Keyboards: 1 BUDGET: The Los Angeles Philharmonic Association's budget for the 2006/07 fiscal year was approximately $82 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Angeles Music Center
    'A CONTEMPORARY EXPRESSION OF CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE' It is difficult for me to conceive of a great­ ARC H IT E C T' S EX P l A NAT' 0 N 0 F within and yet we wanted it to be contemp­ er personal thrill than the formal opening THE PAVILION'S FINE D;;SIGN orary and understated so that it would not of this building. Not only is it the most CONCEPTION, THE ACOUSTICS overpower people. We felt that many con­ complex architectural problem my firm temporary exterior amI interior desig~s AND LIGHTING, THE STAGE AND has ever attempted to solve, it is probably were too stark and unimaginative for this the single most important e I e men t in THE SEATING AS WELL AS THE type of building, so we studied the classical Southern California's culturJlI history, one KIND OF BUILDING MATERIALS ~oncepts of architecture as a point of de­ which many in the community have sought parture. Thus. since it is meant to become to secure for nearly 20 years. To be se­ Photography by Korob a living culturai symbol for future dec­ lected as architect for such a structure, ades, The Pavilion grew to be a contemp­ destined to be a landmark even before any opera, ballet and similar presentations re­ orary expression of classical architecture. architect was assigned, is a great honor. Quire a more intimate type of theater with Being at the crown of the Civic Center But to be chosen in one's own city to ac­ an amplified sound system.
    [Show full text]
  • Bizet Carmen Suite - L'arlesienne Suites Mp3, Flac, Wma
    Bizet Carmen Suite - L'Arlesienne Suites mp3, flac, wma DOWNLOAD LINKS (Clickable) Genre: Classical Album: Carmen Suite - L'Arlesienne Suites Country: US Released: 1950 Style: Romantic MP3 version RAR size: 1543 mb FLAC version RAR size: 1580 mb WMA version RAR size: 1783 mb Rating: 4.6 Votes: 131 Other Formats: RA MIDI MP3 AAC AA AHX MP4 Tracklist Carmen-Suite A1 Prélude, Act 1 A2 Entr'acte, Act 4 A3 Entr'acte, Act 2 A4 Entr'acte, Act 3 A5 Scène Des Contrebandiers, Act 3 A6 La Garde Montante, Act1 A7 Danse Bohème, Act2 L'Arlesienne Suites B1 Prélude B2 Minuetto B3 Adagietto B4 Menuet B5 Farandole Credits Composed By – Georges Bizet Conductor – Anthony Collins (tracks: A1 to A7), Eduard van Beinum (tracks: B1 to B5) Orchestra – The London Philharmonic Orchestra Photography – Roger Wood Barcode and Other Identifiers Matrix / Runout: ARL-280-AW Matrix / Runout: ARL-281-AW Other versions Category Artist Title (Format) Label Category Country Year Bizet* - Anthony Bizet* - Anthony Collins & Eduard Collins & Eduard van Beinum van Beinum Conducting The Ace Of ACL 9, ACL.9 Conducting The London Clubs, Ace ACL 9, ACL.9 UK Unknown London Philharmonic Of Clubs Philharmonic Orchestra - Carmen Orchestra And L'Arlesienne Suites (LP) Bizet* - Anthony Bizet* - Anthony Collins & Eduard Collins & Eduard van Beinum van Beinum Conducting The B 19013 Conducting The London Richmond B 19013 US Unknown London Philharmonic Philharmonic Orchestra - Carmen Orchestra Suite - L'Arlésienne Suite (LP) Georges Bizet, The Georges Bizet, London The London Philharmonic
    [Show full text]
  • The Center & Clark Newsletter
    THE CENTER & CLARK NEWSLETTER UCLA CENTER FOR 17TH- & 18TH-CENTURY STUDIES WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY Number 57 S PRING 2013 Librarian’s Column Gerald W. Cloud, Clark Librarian The first half of 2012–13 at the Clark has seen exceptional activity in acquisitions, exhibitions, public lectures, and a successful new internship program. The opportunity to contribute, participate, and observe these activities makes my role at the Clark a great pleasure, and it is with no little satisfaction that I can report what follows. In the acquisitions department, the Clark continues to collect printed books and manuscript material that document the culture, history, and literature of Great Britain and the Continent. Among the most interesting of our new acquisitions are John Cary’s Survey of the High Roads from London to Hampton Court, Bagshot, Oakingham, Binfield... (London, 1790), an excellent copy of the only edition of a rare guide to the roads, inns and turnpikes in and around London. The survey contains eighty engraved colored maps for which the author has paid close attention to “marking the Gentlemen’s Seats, explaining the trusts of the different turnpike Gates, adding the number of Inns to each separate route, with other occurring matters which will be found on the face of the work.” Cary and his firm were the leading mapmakers of their day, a status earned no doubt by the precise and elegant engravings that comprise our volume. Arthur Hort’s “Materials for an Essay on Painting” (circa 1750s) is an unpublished commonplace book that serves as a guide to the arts by a working artist and teacher in the mid-eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • T H E P Ro G
    Sunday, April 29, 2018 at 3:00 pm m a Symphonic Masters r g o Los Angeles Philharmonic r Gustavo Dudamel, Conductor P John Holiday , Countertenor Julianna Di Giacomo , Soprano e Jennifer Johnson Cano , Mezzo-Soprano h Michael König , Tenor T Davóne Tines , Bass-Baritone Concert Chorale of New York James Bagwell , Choral Director BERNSTEIN Chichester Psalms (1965) Part I: Psalm 108:2—Psalm 100 Part II: Psalm 23—Psalm 2:1-4 Part III: Psalm 131—Psalm 133:1 Intermission BEETHOVEN Symphony No. 9 in D minor (1822–24) Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso Scherzo: Molto vivace Adagio molto e cantabile— Presto—Allegro ma non troppo—Allegro assai (Choral finale) Please make certain all your electronic devices are switched off. This afternoon’s performance is dedicated to the memory of Paul Milstein, philanthropist and builder. These programs are supported by the Leon Levy Fund for Symphonic Masters. Symphonic Masters is made possible in part by endowment support from UBS. This performance is made possible in part by the Josie Robertson Fund for Lincoln Center. David Geffen Hall Great Performers Support is provided by Rita E. and Gustave M. Hauser, Audrey Love Charitable Foundation, Great Performers Circle, Chairman’s Council, and Friends of Lincoln Center. Public support is provided by the New York State Council on the Arts with the support of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo and the New York State Legislature. Endowment support for Symphonic Masters is provided by the Leon Levy Fund. Endowment support is also provided by UBS. Nespresso is the Official Coffee of Lincoln Center NewYork-Presbyterian is the Official Hospital of Lincoln Center UPCOMING GREAT PERFORMERS EVENTS: Wednesday, May 2 at 7:30 pm in Alice Tully Hall Gerald Finley, bass-baritone Julius Drake, piano Songs by BEETHOVEN, SCHUBERT, TCHAIKOVSKY, and RACHMANINOFF Selection of favorite folk songs Friday, May 4 at 8:00 pm in David Geffen Hall London Symphony Orchestra Simon Rattle, conductor MAHLER: Symphony No.
    [Show full text]
  • ARSC Journal
    BEETHOVEN Symphony #3 in E-Flat, Op. 55, ~; Leonore Overture #3, Op. 72A; Egmont, Op. 84: Overture. (Joseph Keilberth, cond., Hamburg State Philharmonic, in the Eroica; Berlin Philharmonic in the Overtures. Japanese Telefunken GT 9169) BEETHOVEN Symphonies #5 inc, Op, 67; #6 in F, Op. 68, Pastorale. (Joseph Keilberth, cond., Hamburg State Philharmonic in the 5th; Bam­ berg Symphony in the 6th, Japanese Telefunken GT 9170) BEETHOVEN Symphonies #7 in A, Op. 92; #8 in F, Op, 93. (Joseph Keilberth, cond., Berlin Philharmonic in the 7th; Hamburg State Phil­ harmonic in the 8th, Japanese Telefunken GT 9171) BRAHMS Symphony #2 in D, Op, 73; Academic Festival Overture, Op. 80, (Joseph Keilberth, cond., Berlin Philharmonic in the Symphony; Bamberg Symphony in the Overture. Japanese Telefunken GT 9174) BRAHMS Symphony #3 in F, Op, 90; Hungarian Dances #1 in g; #3 in F; #10 in F, (Joseph Keilberth, cond., Bamberg Symphony. Japanese Tele­ funken GT 9175) BRUCKNER Symphony #9 ind, (Joseph Keilberth, cond., Hamburg State Philharmonic. Japanese Telefunken GT 9180) DVORAK Symphony #9 in e 1 Op. 95, From the New World; SMETANA Ma Vlast: The Moldau; From Bohemia's Woods and Fields. (Joseph Keilberth, cond., Bamberg Symphony Orchestra, Japanese Telefunken GT 9178) MOZART Symphonies #35 in D, K. 385, Haffner; #36 in C, K, 425, Linz; Serenata Notturna, K, 239; Six German Dances, K. 509. (Joseph Keil­ berth, cond., Bamberg Symphony Orch. Japanese Telefunken GT 9166) MOZART Symphonies #38 in D, K, 504, Prague; #39 in E-Flat, K. 543; Serenade in G, K. 525, Eine kleine Nachtmusik. (Joseph Keilberth, cond., Bamberg Symphony Orchestra.
    [Show full text]
  • The Los Angeles Public Landscapes of Ralph Cornell Los Angeles, CA
    What’s Out There® The Los Angeles Public Landscapes of Ralph Cornell Los Angeles, CA Welcome to What’s Out There Los Angeles – The What’s Out There Los Angeles – The Public Landscapes Public Landscapes of Ralph Cornell, organized by of Ralph Cornell was accompanied by the development The Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF) with of an exhibit of his drawings, photographs, and personal support from local and national partners. effects. On view at the UCLA Charles E. Young Research The narratives and photographs in this guidebook describe Library, the installation was curated by Steven Keylon, Kelly thirteen sites, just a sampling of Cornell’s built legacy. The Comras, Sam Watters, and Genie Guerrard and introduced sites were featured in What’s Out There Weekend Los Angeles, with a lecture on Cornell’s legacy given by Brain Tichenor, which offered free, expert-led tours in November 2014. This professor of USC’s School of Architecture. The tours, What’s Out There Weekend—the eleventh in an on-going series exhibit, and lecture were attended by capacity crowds, of regionally-focused tour events increasing the public visibility demonstrating the overwhelming public interest to discover Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden, photo by Matthew Traucht of designed landscapes, their designers, and their patrons—is more about this significant shaper of Southern California. TCLF’s first focused on the work of a single designer. This guidebook and the What’s are Out There Weekends In researching the extant public landscapes of Ralph Cornell dovetail with the Web-based What’s Out There, the nation’s we came to understand why he is called “the Olmsted most comprehensive, searchable database of our shared of Los Angeles.” A prolific designer, author, mentor, and landscape legacy.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Angeles Philharmonic Celebrating
    CELEBRATING LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC CELEBRATING LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC 2 A Olympic Fanfare and Theme 4:00 J Theme from Jurassic Park 5:57 B Excerpts from Close Encounters of the Third Kind 8:28 Three Selections from Indiana Jones K Scherzo for Motorcycle and Orchestra 3:07 C Out to Sea and The Shark Cage Fugue from Jaws 4:24 L Marion’s Theme 4:11 M Three Selections from Harry Potter Raiders March 5:08 D Hedwig’s Theme 4:58 N Sayuri’s Theme from Memoirs of a Geisha 4:17 E Fawkes the Phoenix 3:42 Robert deMaine cello F Harry’s Wondrous World 4:41 Three Selections from Star Wars G Theme from Schindler’s List 3:41 O The Imperial March 3:03 Simone Porter violin P Yoda’s Theme 3:36 Q Throne Room and Finale 7:58 H Adventures on Earth from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 10:25 R Adagio from Star Wars: The Force Awakens 4:34 I The Flight to Neverland from Hook 4:49 S Superman March 4:26 3 CELEBRATING JOHN WILLIAMS The bonds between composer John Williams and the ably inevitable. More than any other composer, John Los Angeles Philharmonic reach farther back than any- Williams has been responsible for the growing accep- one might imagine. The veteran film composer first tance of film music in the concert hall. He has reminded conducted the orchestra in July 1978 at the Hollywood us all that the greatest music written for films can also, Bowl, in the aftermath of the Oscar-winning success of in the right context, stand alongside the finest concert his music for Star Wars and Close Encounters of the Third music being written today.
    [Show full text]