The Southern Educational Oratory of William Preston Johnston, 1880-1899
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1982 The outheS rn Educational Oratory of William Preston Johnston, 1880-1899. Dinah Daniel Richard Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Richard, Dinah Daniel, "The outheS rn Educational Oratory of William Preston Johnston, 1880-1899." (1982). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3770. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3770 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the Him along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that shouM not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University: M 'odnlm s International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8229513 Richard, Dinah Daniel THE SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL ORATORY OF WILLIAM PRESTON JOHNSTON, 1880-1899 The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical PhD. 1982 Col University Microfilms international300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL ORATORY OF WILLIAM PRESTON JOHNSTON, 1880-1899 A Dissertation Submitted to the. Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Speech by Dinah Daniel Richard B.S., Louisiana State University, 1973 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1976 August, 1982 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank the following people for their contributions: Dr. Harold Mixon, for his encouragement and guidance In the duration of this study; Dr. Waldo W. Braden, for his sugges tions about the topic, contributions In Southern oratory, and support throughout the author's college years; Dr. Stephen Cooper, Dr. Fabian Goudas, and Dr. J. Donald Ragsdale, for their careful editing and recommendations; the archivists at the Tulane University Library, for their assistance when the w riter examined the Johnston manuscript col lection; Mrs. James F. Bartlett for typing and duplicating the disser tation; Guy and Doris Daniel, for their prayer and inspiration; and Conrad Richard, for his unwavering approval, understanding, and enthusiasm. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................ i i ABSTRACT................................................................................ v C hapter I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. I A. S tatem en t o f th e Problem . ; ............................... 2 B. Ceremonial O ratory ................................................................... 4 C. Justification .............................................................. 5 D. Plan of Analysis and Sources of Research .................... 8 I I . THE SPEAKER: WILLIAM PRESTON JOHNSTON..................................... 10 A. The Youth .......................................................................................... 10 B. The Student ..................................................................................... 12 C. The Lawyer ..................................................................................... 23 D. The Soldier ..................................................................................... 27 E. The Educator ................................................................................ 34 F. Sum m ary............................................................. ................................. 48 I I I . RHETORICAL THEORY AND PR A CTIC E............................................ 49 A. Rhetorical Theory .......................................................... 49 B. Speech Preparation and Delivery ........................................... 64 C. Speaking Engagements ............................................................... 71 D. Sum m ary........................................................................... 79 IV . THE CAMPAIGN IN LOUISIANA..................................................... 80 A. Background . ................................................ 81 B. What Education Is . • ........................ ................................. 92 C. The Demand f o r High Schools in L o u isia n a ..... 103 D. State Education as a Factor in Civilization .... 117 E. Sum m ary............................................................................................... 133 V. SPOKESMAN FOR THE SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL AWAKENING .... 133 A. Perils of Universities ...................... ........ 134 B. The Work of the University in America ........................... 149 i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter Page C. Problems of Southern Civilization ..................................... 161 D. Sum m ary................................................................................................ 179 V I. SPEECHES TO NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCES .... 180 A. World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial E x p o s i t i o n ....................................................................; . 182 B. Thirtieth University Convocation of the State of New Y ork ...................................................................................... 196 C. Sum m ary................................ 208 VII. CONCLUSION..................................................................................................... 210 A. Phases of His Oratory ........................................................ 210 B. Audiences ........................................................................................... 212 C. Strategy ............................................................................................ 213 D. Preparation and D elivery ................................ 214 E. Other Characteristics ................................................................. 215 F. Effectiveness ................................................................................... 215 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................. 217 VITA ............................................................................................................................... 234 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT This dissertation analyzes eight ceremonial speeches delivered between 1880 and 1899 by William Preston Johnston, Southern educational leader. Emphasis is placed on the contexts in which he spoke, the strategy he employed, the various forms of support he used to amplify his messages, and the degree of his effectiveness. Realizing that the South needed to implement universal educa tion, Johnston