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Independent • International • Interdisciplinary Annual Report 2011 Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 PO Box 9229 Grønland, NO -0134 O slo, N orway P eace Research Institute O slo ( P RI ) Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 PO Box 9229 Grønland, NO -0134 O slo, N orway P Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW) eace Research Institute O slo ( P RI ) ISB N : 978-82-7288-442-9 Design: medicineheads.com Schjønsby Agnete E ditor: P hoto: Carling, Jørgen P RI O PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 2 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 3 , , edited edited , PRIO is hosting . , Henrik Syse. From Security DialogueSecurity Journal of Peace Research Peace of Journal Journal of Military Ethics by Peter Burgess, are owned and by PRIO, both have had their contracts with Sage renewed, following an open tender process.journalsinternational of echelonin affairs.top the to PRIO’s t From wo 2011, both journalsare placed in the Level 2 bothincategory the Norwegian system (intended belong for max the 20% top journals). In the Journal 2010 from Thompson,ISI movedSD up from 2009 Citation Reports for to an all-time-high 9th place relations on list, the with internationalan impact factor of 1.6. JPR moved has down from its 2009 sensationalto a 3rd very place decent 12th place included out of (and the is 73 21 out journals of 139 journalsscience list). PRIO also houses one of two co-editors on the political of the 2011, Scott Gates has taken on the editorship of the International Area Studies Review edited by Henrik Urdal, and HenrikUrdal, by edited As the Arab Spring demonstrates, the world that we seek to understand also surprises us. PRIO shall also surprise, not only by the solidity and relevance of its innovativeness. and originality its by also but research, I am proud of what PRIO achieves. I am grateful to all who support and collaborate with us. I appreciate the interest that you – the reader – takes in what we on! do. Read 2012). The research school offers focused thematic courses (f.ex. on Societal Security) and methodology courses (Quantitative; Qualitative, Fieldwork; applications). In GIS addition, there is a firm emphasis on academic writing, presentations, project development and dissemination, with tailor-made symposia and regular courses for all students. The School is Research a cornerstone in the collaboration between NTNU and PRIO. UiO, Journals Scholarly International editors for four major international we journals, see and this as a networks, foundation our reputation, for and the our institute’s strong international publication culture. The The A new , declares that this decline hoto: Are Hovdenak P develop anarmeddevelop conflict data catalogue establish to astandard for data creation and compa-tibility across datasets. CSCW researchers conflict are data differ-entiating intoexample, smaller consists of units. quadratic cells PRIO-Grid, thatEarth. cover for Each the cell contains armed specific conflicts, information socio-economic on conditions, groups, ethnic physical attributes, climatic conditions more. and Contrary to what seems to be evident on the nightly news, Steven Pinker, Azar Gat and Goldstein Joshua using PRIO-Uppsala conflict data show a long-termdeclineconflict. in book his in Pinker, Better Angels of Our Nature in violence is the most important event in Håvard history. Hegre and a team of CSCW researchers haveforecasted conflict trends. Theseforecasts suggest a continued decline in armed conflict world-wide, to the point that in conflict 2050, absent is all except in Sub-Saharan Africa. Conflict and Peace in school Research Research School in Peace established and Conflict by has been PRIO University in of collaboration University Oslo with of (UiO) the Science The and research and school was the officially Technology opened April on 11, (NTNU). Norwegian 2011, and is School in located Peace and Conflict Studies’ at is rooted in PRIO. a possible best the offer to partners all by goal common The ‘Research and peace of generation next the for training research conflict scholars. This will be done by building on, and expanding, networks and expertise at the UiO, NTNU and PRIO. The collaboration is characterized by multidisciplinary conflict issues, international profile and outlook, and approaches to research excellence. The school admitted 14 students peace and in 2011 (and has admitted another 12 students in PRIO Director: KristianPRIO Berg Harpviken Director’s Introduction more openness. killing 77 people andkilling 77 people observers, responded innocence, it was said. wounding many more.wounding many But Norway, seemingly Norway, But Rich, peaceful, open and Norway was hit by terror, was hit by terror, Norway On the 22nd of July 2011, of July On the 22nd of the same: with flowers, egalitarian Norway lost its lost egalitarian Norway with more democracy and naïve to many international overwhelmingly with more awarded PRIO an INFRASTRUKTUR grant to The Research Council of Norway has further materials, and use of transparent coding procedures. internationally for its quality, broad range of source armed conflict database. This database is recognized PRIO PRIO and Uppsala University cooperate on a global At the Research Frontier on Conflict Data it among our three main highlights of the year: generated so much attention in 2011 that we include decline. This is one of our research findings that have that findings research our of one is This decline. is a robust long-term trend that violence is on the trends. Contrary to what is commonly held, there practitioners, commenting and debating, monitoringdebating, and commenting practitioners, the events closely, engaging with policy-makers and others characterized by violence. At PRIO we follow and beyond. Some transitions have been peaceful, upheavals across the Middle East, Northern Africa, Indeed, 2011 has been a dramatic with year, political our work feel deeply meaningful. downtown Oslo. An immediate shock, it also makes building, a few blocks from our own headquarter research, now it took place in the main government At At PRIO, we face political violence in our everyday and institutions for resolving conflicts peacefully. much, if not more, about shared community, values but by an insistence that societal resilience is as culture was met not only by new security measures, The wholesale attack on the country’s political Develop focused research efforts in three distinct areas: efforts in threedistinct areas: research focused Develop nonviolent and violence, of the diversity peace, challenges to intervention one of the equivalent publish to every researcher Enable journal article year per peer-reviewed within impact international and visibility PRIO’s Enhance debate public policy of the development to contribution PRIO’s Strengthen in peace school a research of the establishment Initiate or one with collaboration studies in conflict and more universities with partnership a research long-term one least at Establish region milieu in a conflict staff PRIO’s of the multiculturalStrengthen composition female of in the proportion increase Attain a sustainable levels staff senior at skills a structured internal professional for Provide system training development career and PRIO’s of one-third least that at ensure to steps Take research long-term funding for is one-quarter least funding at to international Increase annual turnover of financialrobustness PRIO’s Enhance 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Major Strategic Goals 2010–2013 Goals Strategic Major 1 Strategy

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 4 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 5 All photos: Jason Miklian -

lating and documenting new understandings and responses. The PRIO Annual Peace Address is an import part of our efforts to create awareness, stir public debate and increase understanding about the conditions for peace in the world. We hope that the PRIO Annual Peace Address can challenge community the by peace research suggestingbringing new perspectives new on peace and measures questions asked and the war. answers sought can The only be and improved by critical challenges. PRIO PRIO is an international research instituteoverarching purpose whose is to conduct research on conditions the for peaceful groups relations and people. between The institute states,international is and independent, interdisciplinary issues of peace and conflict.research PRIO’s agenda and explores reflects the institute’s isPRIO both proactively involved in identifying new overarching purpose,trends in global conflict yet andoriented towardformu PRIO Annual Peace Peace Annual PRIO 2011 Address

the Struggle for Liberation’ the Struggle for ’The Role of Nonviolence in Nonviolence of ’The Role John Lewis: John world scene. witha distinct voice on peace and war matters onthe scholars, scholars, policy makers, writers, artists and others and peace is the norm. The lecturers will include creation of a world in which violence is the exception guished guests to reflecton how tocontribute to the The PRIO Annual Peace Address invites distin 28 September at PRIO, Oslo 2011 Kathleen Cunningham, Henrik Syse Comments by Comments eacebuilding and P Conflict Resolution Regions and Powers Religion Security • • • Gregory Reichberg PRIO Cyprus Centre Communication Institute Council Institute Council Agnete Schjønsby Migration Non-StateActors Conflict Peacebuilding thics, Norms and Identities Ethics, • • • Scott Gates Communication Communication Centre for the Study of Civil War the Study of Civil Centre for Board Board Director Director Bernt Aardal Bernt Aardal Security Programme PRIO from 1 Jan 2012 Kristian Berg Harpviken Kristian Berg Harpviken PRIO Dec until 2011 31 Humanitarianism Law and Ethics Media Current Research Groups ank • • • Pinar T Administration PRIO Organization PRIO Dimensions of Security ene K. Borg Lene K. Administration Director´s Office Director´s Office Projects administered by a specific Department Cross-cutting thematic Research Groups PRIO Cyprus Centre Environment Environment Gender Governance • • • Jørgen Carling Social Dynamics of Civil War Centre for the Study Centre for Cities and Populations Conflict in Civilians Trends Conflict • • •

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 6 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 7 Visiting Researchers Visiting Derian James Der LeanderAnna Intern Marianne Lande Staff in 2011 Staff Research Pavel Baev Nina Boy J. Peter Burgess Dommersnes Ida GränsJonas Elida Kristine Jacobsen Jumbert Gabrielsen Maria Kaufmann Mareile KittelsenSonja Lidén Kristoffer Marit Moe-Pryce BergtoraKristin Sandvik Tunander Ola Tønnesson Stein

Argentum Ad Captandum vs. Unified Effort Unified Effort vs. Captandum Argentum Ad at PRIO: Ida Dommersnes. (Supervisor Kristian Berg Harpviken) Liberal Between Intervention and Sovereignty: and the Philosophy of Global Politics Peacebuilding Kristoffer Lidén Burgess) at PRIO: J. Peter (Supervisor Studies in Security and Complexity Resilience Kaufmann Mareile Burgess) at PRIO: J. Peter (Supervisor and Security Unique Identities. Biometric Identification Scheme the Indian National Elida Kristine Undrum Jacobsen Burgess) at PRIO: J. Peter (Supervisor does Financial What Kind of Security Provide? Securitisation Boy Nina Burgess) at PRIO: J. Peter (Supervisor hoto: Haakon Jamtli Kristiansen Jamtli Haakon hoto:

Ongoing DoctoralOngoing Projects • • • • • Programme Leader: J. Peter Burgess Security Programme

J Peter Burgess (project leader), Burgess J Peter Kaufmann Mareile (INEX) Continuum Internal/External Security Gräns Jonas (project leader), Burgess J. Peter the Value Mastering in Europe: Measures Security (VALUESEC) Measures of Security Function (project leader), Burgess J. Peter Gräns Kaufmann, Jonas Mareile (project leader), Burgess J. Peter Gräns Kaufmann, Jonas Mareile Industries (FEDRUP) Baev Pavel Burgess J. Peter Burgess J. Peter (PERSEUS) the Intelligent use of Surveillance Gabrielsen Maria (project leader), Burgess J. Peter Gräns Lidén, Jonas Kristoffer Jumbert, Kristin Bergtora Sandvik (Russcasp) Baev Pavel Stein Tønnesson Gräns (project leader), Jonas Burgess J. Peter in India and Conflict and Political Socioeconomic Europe (CORE) (project leader), Elida K. Jacobsen, Burgess J. Peter Gräns Kristoffer Lidén, Jonas in Colombia International Law for Displaced Women Kristin Bergtora Sandvik Boy (project leader), Nina Burgess J. Peter Burgess J. Peter Burgess Boy (project leader), J. Peter Nina Commercialization of Security of Security Commercialization in the Values Ethical Conflicting and Converging Future Analysis of the Present and Cost-benefit Investment (DESSI) on Security Decision Support Northern Modernizing Politics: Russian Federal Societies Living in Surveillance Law and International Security New through Protection of European Borders and Seas Cyberwarfare Regulating Energy Developments and Caspian Russian Peace Thailand's Missing Research of Security The Future of in the Resolution of Governance The Role Political Organisation and of The Significance Determination of RISK (SORISK) The Social What is Security? Crisis Financial World Projects in2011 Projects

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Jason MiklianJason Mark Naftalin Nordenson Jon Mareah Peoples Øystein H. Rolandsen Pinar Tank Dag Henrik Tuastad HenriksenHilde Waage Wallacher Hilde ‘Green Displacement Mining’, and the Maoist ConflictIndiain MiklianJason (Supervisor Åshild PRIO: at Kolås) Religion, Gender and Development: Private Islamic Charity andApproaches to Poverty Reduction among Pakistani Muslims Kaja Borchgrevink (Supervisor Kristian PRIO: at Berg Harpviken) The Acquisition of Weapons by Insurgents MarshNicolas (Supervisor Halvor PRIO: Buhaug) at

Ongoing Doctoral Projects Ongoing • • • Staff in 2011 Kaja Borchgrevink Hauge Wenche Marte Heian-Engdal Jensehaugen Jørgen Åshild Kolås LendeGina Nicholas Marsh O RI lav Myskja, P

Security South in Asia: Emerging India’s Role Åshild Kolås (project Miklian, leader) Jason Halvard Buhaug Small Arms Survey Consultancy Nicholas Marsh The North-South Border and Local Violence Sudanin Øystein Rolandsen (project leader) The Zionist Movement and Israel’s Efforts to Obtain International Support for the Establishment of a State, 1947-49 Hilde Henriksen (project Waage leader), Jørgen Jensehaugen, Marte Heian-Engdal as an InternationalTurkey Mediator: Opportunities and Pitfalls. Pinar Tank Water Scarcity Bangladesh in and South Asia: Dynamics of Conflict and Cooperation Åshild Kolås (project leader) Halvard Buhaug, Kristian Hoelscher, Miklian, Jason KatherineEdelen What's the deal with Religion? Scrutinizing the Role of Religion Peacebuilding in Gina Lende (project leader) hoto: Hans O P

• • • • • • • Programme Leader: Pinar Tank Conflict Resolution Peacebuilding and

Empowerment (CARE evaluation) Hilde Wallacher, Inger Skjelsbæk (project leader) Hilde Wallacher (project leader), Alexander Harang Marginalized Communities Hauge (projectWenche leader) Peace Agreement. Øystein H. Rolandsen (project leader), Gunnar Sørbø, Hilde Frafjord Johnson Dag (project Tuastad Mareah leader), Peoples and Global Significance of Brazil,India, Indonesia, China, South Africa and Turkey Pinar (project Tank leader) Hilde Wallacher and Violence Kristian Berg Harpviken (project leader), Mark Naftalin Norway-Turkish Research Collaboration. Pinar Tank (NISAT) MarshNicolas (project leader) Hilde Wallacher Kaja Borchgrevink Åshild Kolås (project Nyima leader) Tashi an Understanding of the Gendered Peacekeeping Economies the in DRC, Sudan, and Liberia Øystein Rolandsen, Kathleen Jennings, Morten Bøås (project FAFO) leader, thein Middle East Pinar Tank, Bjørn Olav Utvik (project leader University KaiIKOS, Oslo), of Kverme, HøigiltDag Jacob Tuastad, (FAFO) Reduction Kaja Borchgrevink, Marta Bivand, Kristian Berg Harpviken (project leader) An Exploration. Kaja Borchgrevink, Kristian Berg Harpviken (project leader) Democratic Reforms the in PLO Dag (project Nordenson Tuastad Jon leader), Abatangamuco - Engaging Men for Women’s Ammunition the in Arms Treaty Trade Conflict PreventionHaiti:Insightin from Documenting the Sudan Comprehensive Egypt, the Rafah Border and the Prospectsfor Gaza Emerging Powers the in 21st Century: The Regional Going Home to Explaining Fight? Refugee Return Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers Madrasas:Pakistan´s Moderation or Militancy? Pastoralism China: in Policy and Practice Peacekeeping, Poverty, and Development: Towards PostIslamism: New Political and Ideological Trends Private Islamic charity and Approaches to Poverty Religious Institution BuildingAfghanistan: in Rethinking the Middle East Prospects Talks: for Projects in2011 Projects

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 8 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 9 Comparative Ethics of War (Greg Reichberg, Reichberg, (Greg Ethics of War Comparative Apostol) Syse, Nicole Henrik Military Necessity (Nobuo Hayashi) Hayashi) (Nobuo Necessity Military Erdal, Marta Bivand: Transnationalism, Integration and the Norwegian Policy Enviro- ment: Remittance Practices and Integration among Pakistanis Norway. in (Supervisor PRIO: at Jørgen Carling). Hayashi, Military Nobuo: Necessity. (Supervisor Gregory PRIO: Reichberg) at Hernández Carretero, María:Negotiating Unequal Life Chances through Migration: Exploring the Role of Risk, Money and Moralities Migrants’in Quest for Success. (Supervisor at JørgenPRIO: Carling) Paasche, Erlend: Possibilities and Realities of Return Migration: Case Study on Iraqi Kurds (Supervisor Jørgen PRIO: Carling) at Heggli: PossibilitiesSagmo, Tove and Realities of Return Migration: Case Study on Burundians (Supervisor Jørgen PRIO: Carling) at Tryggestad, Torunn: The United Nations Peacebuilding Commission and Implementation of Resolution on Women, 1325 Peace and Security: Burundi and Sierra Leone Comparison. in (Supervisor Helga PRIO: at Hernes)

Ethical, Legal and Religious Dimensions of War • • DoctoralOngoing Projects • • • • • •

Suk Chun, Suk . (Inger Skjelsbæk) Torunn L.Torunn Tryggestad, Helga Hernes, Inger Skjelsbæk) Hernes, Helga Theorizing the Evolution of European Migration Migration of European Theorizing the Evolution Jørgen Systems (THEMIS) (Cindy Horst, Ezzati) Rojan Wu, Jennifer Carling, Possibilities and Realities of Return Migration Migration of Return and Realities Possibilities Erdal, Bivand Marta (PREMIG) (Jørgen Carling, Tove Erlend Paasche, Elin Berstad Mortensen, Wu) Jennifer Sagmo, Heggli (RIN) from Immigrants in Norway Remittances Erdal, Kristian Bivand Marta (Jørgen Carling, Cindy Horst) Hoelscher, of the Somali of the Economic Role Review by UNDP Commissioned Diaspora in Somalia, (Cindy Horst) Somalia in and Moralities Theorising Risk, Money María (TRiMM) (Jørgen Carling, Migration Carretero) Hernández Imagining Europe from the Outside María (EUMAGINE) (Jørgen Carling, Carretero) Hernández Gender, Conflict andPeacebuilding Why Rape? Perpetrator, Punishment and Social Narratives hoto: Haakon Jamtli Kristiansen Jamtli Haakon hoto: ENI Projects in 2011 Projects ENI P

• • • • • Gender, Security and Peacebuilding Security Gender, • ( • Migration and Transnationalism • Programme Leader: Jørgen Carling

Ethics, Norms Norms Ethics, Identities and ENI Staff in 2011 Staff Research Jørgen Carling María Hernández Carretero Marta Erdal Bivand Rojan Ezzati HayashiNobuo Hoelscher Kristian Hernes Helga Cindy Horst Paasche Erlend HeggliTove Sagmo Syse Henrik Torunn Lise Tryggestad Jennifer Wu Assistants Research Monique ApostolNicole Lindberg Agnes Harriet Berstad MortensenElin Analyses of Conflict Values and Violence DevelopmentWorld Report 2011 Insurgencies, Counterinsurgencies and State-Building Afghanistan in Microfoundations of Civil War Military History Middle East and North Africa Regional Flagship Report Political Demography Power-Sharing, Democracy and Civil Conflict Resources and Peace: Power-Sharing and Wealth-Sharing Post-Conflict in Situations Security Implications of Climate Change Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Peacekeeping in Sexual Violence Armed in Conflict(SVAC) Dataset on Sexual Violence Armed in Conflict Social Dynamics of Civil War and MobilityTraining Network for the Economic

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • O RI lav Myskja, P Human Rights, Governance and Conflict Inside Insurgencies: Organization, Motives and Prospects for Peace Conceptualizationand Measurement of Democracy Conference on Climate Change and Security Conflict and EconomicPerformance Data Projects Disaggregating the Study of Civil Wars Dynamics of Institutional Change and Conflict Education and Conflict Environmental Factors Civil in War ESW on Conflict,Fragility, Development Ethnic/Cultural Conflicts andPatterns of Violence (ECCO) Gender-Based Violence Armed in Conflict Explaining Fight? Going Home To Refugee Return and Violence A New Agenda for European Security Economics Advanced Conflict Data Catalogue(ACDC) Civil Peace Climate Change and Water-Security Challenges on the Indian Subcontinent Climate Change, Hydro-Conflicts andHuman Security (CLICO) hoto: Hans O Projects in 2011 in 2011 Projects P

CSCW Director: Scott Gates • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Centre for the Study Study the for Centre War Civil of Peter Gufu Oba Marsh OrmhaugChristin Østby Gudrun Siri Camilla Aas Rustad Ramet Sabrina Jan Ketil Rød Øystein H.Rolandsen Rune Slettebak Strand Håvard Ole Magnus Theisen Urdal Henrik Weidmann Nils Researchers Visiting Henrikas Bartusevicius Katherine Edelen Craig J. Jenkins Leonard Elyse Andrew J. Feltham J. Andrew Administrative Staff Administrative Research Assistants Research Marianne Dahl DittrichJohan Hallberg Mark Naftalin Andreas Forø Tollefsen Weibust Berg Eivind Wischnath Gerdis Håvard MokleivHåvard Nygård Ragnhild Nordås Martin Austvoll Nome Päivi Paulina Lujala Lujala Paulina Päivi Tapas Kundu Tapas Carl-Henrik Knutsen Bjørn Høyland Helge HoltermannHelge Kristian Hoelscher Kristian Nils Petter Gleditsch Petter Nils Kristian Skrede GleditschKristian Skrede Karin Dyrstad Indra de Soysa Primus Che Chi Che Primus Marit Brochmann Marit Kaare Strøm Helga Malmin Binningsbø Karl Ove Moene ArveTor Benjaminsen Ola ListhaugOla Staff Research Håvard Hegre Håvard Jon Elster Jon Jeffrey Checkel Jeffrey Sabine Carey Leaders BuhaugHalvard Working Group Group Working

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 10 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 11 Conference) Heritage and the Reconstruction Transitional Justice Cyprus in Bozkurt,Umut Christalla Yakinthoui Shared Spaces and their Dissolution: Practices of Coexistence Cyprus in and Elsewhere ( The ‘Local’ Global in Understandings of Conflict and Peace building (Annual Conference) Olga Demetriou, Trimikliniotis Nicos Cultural Rethinking Societal Reconciliation Cyprus in TrimikliniotisNicos Religion and Co-existence Cyprus in Mete Hatay Rebecca Bryant of Identities after Conflict Costas Constantinou, Olga Demetriou, Mete Hatay International Law and the Property Question Cyprusin Gürel, RhodriAyla Williams

informationMore Cyprus PRIO about Centre: www.prio.org/cyprus

• • • • • • • Hatay, Nicos Trimikliniotis, Nicos Hatay, Christalla Implementation of Security Council Resolution Cyprus in 1325 Olga Demetriou Cyprus Offshore Hydrocarbons: Wealth Distribu- tion and Regional Politics (Conference) Gürel, Reichberg, Greg Ayla Øystein H. Rolandsen, Lars Even Andersen Dialogue for Trust Building and Reconciliation: Cypriots Seeking New Approaches to the Property Issue Rebecca Bryant, Olga Demetriou, Gürel, Ayla Mete Yakinthou Effects of Enclavement Cypriot on Turkish Political Culture Rebecca Bryant, Mete Hatay Cyprus Critical History Archive Rebecca Bryant Cyprus Offshore Hydrocarbon Exploration Gürel, Mullen Fiona Ayla A Sustainable Property Settlement Cyprus in Gürel,(London Ayla Conference) Reichberg,Greg Nicos Trimikliniotis Projects in 2011 Projects

Centre Director: Gregory Reichberg PRIO Cyprus Centre Cyprus PRIO

• • • • • • • Staff in 2011 Gregory Reichberg (Director) Bonino (Administrator)Guido Staff:Research DemetriouOlga Ayla Gürel MeteHatay Reichberg Gregory Trimikliniotis Nicos Bertrand Lescher-Nuland, PRIO Gudrun Østby, PRIO Henrik Urdal, PRIO Urdal, Henrik Editorial Staff in 2011 JPR Editor: Deputy Editor: Editor: Managing Lene Editor: Viewpoint Bomann-Larsen, University of Oslo Book Review Editor: PRIO Holtermann, Helge Associate Editors Michael Brzoska, University of Hamburg Sabine Carey, University of Mannheim Han Dorussen, University of Essex Scott Gates, PRIO & NTNU, Trondheim Nils Petter Gleditsch, PRIO & NTNU,Trondheim Mats Hammarström, Uppsala University Håvard Hegre, PRIO & University of Oslo Anne Julie Semb, University of Oslo Stein Tønnesson, PRIO & Uppsala University Magnus Öberg, Uppsala University Gudrun Østby, PRIO Editorial Committee Kristin M Bakke, University College London Greifswald Bussman,Margit of University Kathleen Cunningham, University Maryland of Indra de Soysa, NTNU, Trondheim & PRIO (left the committee in 2011) Tanja Ellingsen, NTNU, Trondheim Copenhagen Kivimäki, of University Timo Bjørn Møller, DIIS, Copenhagen (left the committee in 2011) Uppsala University Nilsson, Desirée Ragnhild Nordås, PRIO David Sobek, Louisiana State University

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05JPR10_Covers_47-3.qxp:Layout 1 5/18/08 9:22 PM Page 1 Page PM 9:22 5/18/08 1 05JPR10_Covers_47-3.qxp:Layout is owned by and edited at PRIO, and published is fully peer-reviewed, and most articles are are articles most and peer-reviewed, fully is Journal of Peace Research Peace of Journal Conflict andWorld Fisheries,1952–2004’ in Journal Hendrix & Sarah M Glaser for their article ‘Civil Award’. Award’. For 2011, the award was given to Cullen S Since Since 2006, select an article for its annual ‘Article of the Year from well over 50 countries. In 2011, 141 22 of no. out in political science. ment in 1964, JPR has published the work of authors of work publishedthehas JPR 1964, in ment ranked 2011, national relations in terms of its impact factor, and by Sage Publications in London. Since its establish JPR 2011, 384 datasets 384 2011, are listed there. (http://www.prio.no/jpr/datasets). As of 31 December 31 of As (http://www.prio.no/jpr/datasets). obliged to post their data on our data replication pagereplicationdataour their on datapost to obliged Since 1998, authors with quantitative data have been Journal The2010 2012). Notes. Book articles101 53 and of total a pages, 824 in Change and Conflict (Nils Petter Gleditsch, ed., Research (Todd Sandler, ed., 2011), and Climate (David Sobek, ed., 2010), New Frontiers of Terrorism of Frontiers New (David2010), Sobek,ed., Brück, eds, 2009), State Capacity and Civil War Conflict (Philip Verwimp,PatriciaJustino Tilman& Conflict (Philip recently included Micro-Level Dynamics of Violent issues. issues. Topics covered by such issues have most subject to the same strict review process as regular guest-edited special issues, in which articles are submitted unsolicited. JPR also regularly publishes JPR of violenceof and conflictresolution. wide conception of peace, but focuses on the causes work work in peace research. The Journal encourages a ciplinary and international bimonthly of scholarly Journal of Peace Research (JPR)

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 12 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 13 Editorial Board in 2011 Didier Bigo, Institute for Political Studies, France David Campbell, Durham University, UK Simon Chesterman, New University York School of Law, USA Carol Cohn, University of Massachusetts, USA William E. Connolly, Johns Hopkins University, USA Ronald Deibert, University of Toronto, Canada James Der Derian, Brown University, USA Michael Dillon, Lancaster University, UK Stefan Elbe, University of Essex, UK Cynthia Enloe, Clark University, USA Hugh Gusterson, George Mason University, USA Lene Hansen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Jef Huysmans, The Open University, UK Vivienne Jabri, University of London, UK Jennifer Klot, Social Science Research Council, USA Rex Li, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Andrew Neal, University of Edinburgh, UK Owen,Taylor Oxford University, UK Patricia Owens, University of Sussex, UK Paul Rogers, University of Bradford, UK Kristin B. Sandvik, PRIO, Norway Michael Shapiro, University of Hawaii, USA Peter van Ham, Clingendael, The Hague, the Netherlands UniversityOle Wæver, ofCopenhagen, Denmark Rob B. J. University Walker, of Victoria, Canada & Keele University, UK Annick R. T. Wibben, University of San Francisco, USA Michael C. Williams, University of Ottawa, Canada

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P RI O A NNU Internasjonal Politikk Sabine Carey (Associate Editor) Editorial Boards with PRIO Nils Petter Gleditsch (Editorial Advisory Board) Scott Gates (Associate Editor) Participation in 2011 Henrik Urdal (Editorial Committee) Nils Petter Gleditsch (Associate Editor) Hilde Henriksen Waage (Editorial Advisory Board) Håvard Hegre (Associate Editor) A L Repo r Stein Tønnesson (Associate Editor) Babylon International Area Studies Review Gudrun Østby (Associate Editor) Jørgen Jensehaugen (Co-editor) Scott Gates (Editor in Chief) Ragnhild Nordås (Editorial Committee) t 2011 Jon Nordenson (Editorial Board) Håvard Nygård (Managerial Board) Kathleen Cunningham (Editorial Committee) Hilde Henriksen Waage (Editorial Advisory Board) Nils Petter Gleditsch (Editorial Board) Håvard Strand (Editorial Committee) Craig Jenkins (Editorial Board) Jon Elster (International Advisory Board) 14 British Journal of Political Science Indra de Soysa (Editorial Board) Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (Co-Editor) Kaare Strøm (Editorial Board) Journal of Philosophy Jon Elster (Editor) Civil Wars International Feminist Journal of Politics Scott Gates (Editorial Board) Inger Skjelsbæk (Associate Editor) Journal of Politics Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (Editorial Board) Comparative Social Research International Interactions Kristian Berg Harpviken (Associate editor) Sabine Carey (Editorial Board) Nordic Journal of Human Rights Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (Editorial Board) Morten Bergsmo (Editorial Committee) Cooperation and Conflict Nils Petter Gleditsch (Editorial Board) Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (Editorial Committee) Nordic Journal of Political Economy Torunn Tryggestad (Editorial Advisory Board) International Organization Halvor Mehlum (Editor) Lars Erik Cederman (Editorial Board) Kalle Moene (Editor) European Journal of International Relations Jeffrey Checkel (Editorial Board) Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (Editorial Committee) Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (Editorial Board) Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift Ola Listhaug (Editorial Board) European Journal of Philosophy International Political Sociology Jon Elster (Editorial Board) J. Peter Burgess (Editorial Board) Pacific Focus Stein Tønnesson European Journal of Sociology International Studies Perspectives Jon Elster (Advisory Committee) Nils Petter Gleditsch (Editorial Advisory Board) Peace Review Nils Petter Gleditsch (Board of Editorial Advisors) European Political Science International Studies Quarterly Kaare Strøm (International Advisory Board) Sabine Carey Philosophy of the Social Sciences Indra de Soysa Jon Elster (Editorial Board) Foreign Policy Analysis Kristian Skrede Gleditsch Nils Petter Gleditsch (Editorial Board) Nils Petter Gleditsch Political Analysis Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (Editorial Board) Forum for Development Studies Inquiry Tor Arve Benjaminsen (Editorial Committee) Jon Elster (Editorial Board) Political Geography Halvard Buhaug (Editorial Board) French Politics Journal of Ethics & Social Philosophy Kaare Strøm (Advisory Board) Jon Elster (Editorial Board) Scandinavian Political Studies Kaare Strøm (International Advisory Board) Global Asia Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Stein Tønnesson (Editorial Board) Jørgen Carling (Editorial Advisory Board) Security Dialogue J. Peter Burgess (Editor) Globalisations Journal of Human Security Marit Moe-Pryce (Managing Editor) Stein Tønnesson (Editorial Board) J. Peter Burgess (Editorial Board) Kristin Bergtora Sandvik (Editorial Board)

Government and Opposition Journal of Military Ethics Social Justice Research Jon Elster (Advisory Board) Henrik Syse (Editor) Jon Elster (Associate Editor) Gregory Reichberg (Associate Editor) Inquiry Nicole Monique Apostol (Managing editor) Social Science Information Jon Elster (Editorial Board) Jon Elster (International Advisory Committee) Journal of Peace Research Henrik Urdal (Editor) Strategic Analysis Bertrand Lescher-Nuland (Managing Editor) J. Peter Burgess (Editorial Advisory Committee) Helge Holtermann (Book Review Editor) PRIO Communication

Communication Director: Agnete Schjønsby

Communication Director: Agnete Schjønsby P RI O A NNU Web Developer: Julien Bessière Communication Staff: Damian Laws, Hans Olav Mysjka A L Repo r

Communication and information is regarded as part of the basic activities at PRIO. We aim to disseminate expertise and findings from our research to a variety t 2011 of different audiences. Through our website, seminar activities (see page 14) and visibility in various other public arenas, PRIO endeavours to function as a 15 central meeting point and resource centre for peace research, both internationally and nationally.

Media and Debate PRIO researchers are encour- aged to take part in public debate and to make their expertise available to the general public. In 2011, PRIO staff published a number of op-eds and com- mentaries in the national and international media.

PRIO staff members are very much in demand with the media. Throughout 2011, PRIO researchers enjoyed a level of visibility within the Norwegian media that was both steady and high, and the international media coverage kept increasing (see graph below).

PRIO Website The PRIO website is updated daily and covers all PRIO activities. In addition, we seek to provide information and useful links on topics of relevance both to researchers and to the general Agnete Schjønsby, Julien Bessière, Damian Laws, Hans Olav Myskja. public. In 2011, the number of visitors to the PRIO Photo: Andrew J. Feltham, PRIO website continued to increase.

PRIO in the media 2011

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Pavel Baev PRIO Director Nic Marsh comments Nobel Women's Initia- Several inter- International Nobel Peace Kristian Berg Kristian Berg Harpviken comments on Kristian Berg on proliferation of tive launches conference national media, media interest Prize specula- Harpviken is is interviewed by Reuters the bombing Harpviken talks small arms after on sexual violence in such as Bloom- about Norwe- tions just before interviewed by on Norway's attempts to at the Moscow about the 2011 looting of weapons conflicts, PRIO research berg, Foreign gian society the announce- a score of interna- normalize the relationship International nominations for from the Libyan on this issue used Policy, Al-Jazeera, post-22/7. ment; Kristian tional and national to China after the 2010 Airport the Nobel Peace army. in several Canadian CNTV, inter- Halvard Buhaug Berg Harpviken’s media about the Nobel Peace Prize. Prize. newspapers. viewed PRIO interviewed on picks are cited in Nobel laureates. researchers Columbia-study over 100 news about the attacks on links between media. on 22. July. civil wars and El Ninö. - When 2011 In addi- Seminar with Seminar Seminar with Seminar with Mark with Mark Seminar Seminar Seminar with Robin Seminar with Magnus with Magnus Seminar

Seminar Smruti with Dr. Police Police Force or Police Service: The Legacy of War Time Rape. Experiencing War. Seminar with Hamish Nixon. Nixon. with Hamish Seminar Women, Power and Peacemaking in Celebrating Leymah Gbowee! Pray the Devil Back to Hell’. War War Rape and Genocide. Legal and Afghanistan 2014 Towards - Transition- Afghanistan and Neighbouring Coun

Seminar and launch of the book Human RightsHumanChallenges Afghanistan. in Militancy, Mobility and Everyday Life on AchievingAfghanPeace:DurablePerspectives

Seminar with Aili Tripp. Seminar Gender Afghanistan and the Region tries in Search of Stability. Christine Sylvester. 23 November: the Afghan-Pakistan Frontier. on a Peace Process. tion to Leymah Gbowee herself, Gini Reticker and Reticker herself, tion Gini to Leymah Gbowee Norwegian the as well as part, took Disney Abigail Støre. Gahr minister of foreign affairs, Jonas What should be the International Role? Philosophical Philosophical Perspectives. ing to Where? 27 October: 27 More Is Less.Is More The International Project Afghanistan. in March:18 14 September:14 15 November:15 Nobel Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. PRIO film organized a screening with Abigael film ‘ Reticker’s Disney and Gini 9 December: Sedra and Everett Summerfield and Everett Sedra October: 14 Marsden (SOAS). Marsden May: 27 Africa. Civilian Policing in Afghanistan. Pattanaik. 1 December: Mapping Key Concepts and Issues. Schott. 27-28 October: Sima Samar. Sima 26 April:

- Seminar Seminar by Akram The IDSA- The Future of Soci TransboundaryRivers: Composition for Two Oslo Contemporary Art Seminar with Cynthia Pastoralism in China: Plateau Thailand’s Post-Electoral Predi- Political movements and Non- The Research-Practice Nexus in Small Arms Crime and Conflict. A Complex Security Nexus: Water Book Launch Seminar with Astri

Arts, Culture, and Social Change . Seminar with Michael Barnett Ten Ten Years of the Journal of Military Business as an Instrument of Peace. Composition for Two Wings Two for Composition The Peace in Between: Post-War Violence

Seminar with Marc Foggin. with Marc Seminar Akram Zaatari: In collaboration with Polyteknisk Forening. Forening. Polyteknisk with collaboration In PRIO collaborates with Kunstnernes Hus. etal Security Research. Ethics – and Military Ethics Ten Years after 9/11. Multilateral Frameworks for Cooperation. Symposium in Oslo. PRIO acted as collaborating respon- particular with Symposium, the in partner Symposium. sibility for the Research Journal of Military Ethics - Anniversary Seminar of Military Journal 9 September: Seminar with Anjoo and Priyankar Research. Upadhyaya, for Peace Centre Malaviya September:13 Book launch and Seminar with the editors - Nich olas Marsh (PRIO) and Owen Greene (Bradford University). September:13 cament. Zaatari. with Major General Muniruzzaman, Bangladesh Studies (BIPSS). and Security Institute of Peace 29 September: Humanitarianism Suhrke and Mats Berdal and Mats Suhrke Perspectives. Wings. Exhibition. Stress,Security Migrationand SouthAsia. in 28 November: 24 October 24 4 November: Opening of 9 September: 29 November: and Peter Walker. Organized by The Norwegian Centre for Humanitarian Studies (NCHS), a joint CMI, NUPI and PRIO initiative. 30 November:Delhi): (New The exhibition closed 22 January 2012. The exhibition closed 22 January 23 November: Workshop on Schneider at Kunstnernes Hus, in the context of the exhibition PRIO Conference 2011. PRIO Conference 7 December: Within the Arab Spring. and Peacebuilding. Violence in India: From Gandhi to Anna Hazare. 17 October:17 Selected PRIO Events 2011 Events PRIO Selected

Film Conference Conference

Role of Nonvio Seminar with Seminar at PRIO in Oslo with

Seminar with Arijit Sen. Seminar John Lewis on‘The Conflict in the South China Sea.

South Sudan: The Birth of a New Ethics at the Border: The European

On the Occasion of the Sudan Referen- ‘We ‘We can Handle this Ourselves’. Conflict Comparing Greek and Turkish Cypriot The Obama Administration’s Foreign India-Pakistan Relations After 26/11.

Reunion - 10 Years After the War. Pastoralism in China Today. Succession Politics and the Future of the Reporting on Conflict in India: HiddenWars Seminar in collaboration with Noragric. Seminar with Stuart Kaufman. Seminar Seminars and Conferences PRIO Annual Peace Address Peace Annual PRIO Internal/External Security Continuum. North Korean Nuclear Quagmire. 28-29 March: the Balkan war. the screening of Jon Haukland’s film Reunion, on seminar with Henrik Syse and Kai Eide, following 8 September:8 Seminar with Rachelle Doucet and Alain Gilles. with Rachelle Seminar 16 June:16 Seminar with Tridivesh Singh Maini. Singh with Tridivesh Seminar dum. Seminar in collaboration with NOREF and FAFO. 13 April: Final Conference for the INEX project. Conference Final 10 January:10 with Carlyle A. Thayer and Øystein Tunsjø. Derailing China’s ‘Peaceful Development’? Seminar 10 March: 10 Prevention and Conflict Management in Haiti. 20 May: and Hidden Media. 23 August: 28February: 28 September:28 History Schoolbooks. Papadakis. Yiannis Social Sciences). Ethnology and Anthropology (Chinese Academy of in Bejing, in collaboration with the Institute of 22 June: 27 June:27 15 June: 15 Chung-in-Moon. Country. Policy. this Event at page 5). lence in the Struggle for Liberation’. (Read more about

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 16 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 17 - - journals that mainly The library was subscribing to the Web

The NNC membership also implies access to number of databases with an East Asian scope. a Databases. of Science JournalCIAO, CitationReports,of and JSTOR, HeinOnline, Lancaster Index to national Defence Security and Inter Literature, Studies, Bibliography of Encyclopaedia Asian Plus,Keesing’s Online, Online,Transitions News World Britannica, Europa Connection World (WNC), Opoint, PressDisplay and Stats kalenderen. have an East Asian scope. PRIO is also connected to JSTOR, the electronic archive of back issues of periodicals. The library’s IT system for periodical holdings can send an automatic arrival e-mail of notification a new about issue of any the individual a institute These member. e-mail alerts particular periodical to include links to tables of contents. library held approximately 390 current periodicals. Of these titles, 347 could be increase an – network local PRIO’s accessed within computers online from of 6% from 2010. In total, at the end of the year the library held 785 periodical titles, both discontinued. current and Another 4 subscriptions discon- ordered to start from 2012 while none will be have been tinued. The library subscribes to collection HeinOnline, of law an journals. online PRIO’s the membership Nordic in NIAS Council (NNC) further grants the library full access to a host of has three main functions: an Also of crucial importance is our stock . A high priority for the library is the acqui-

. hoto: Sven Gunnar Simonsen Gunnar Sven hoto: Head Librarian: Odvar Leine. Librarian: Olga Baeva P internal function as the supporting library for all proj- all for library supporting the as function internal ects and researchers at PRIO; a public function as a permanent collection and documentation centre for peace research and conflict resolution (as such, it is open to outside visitors); and a network function as a library cooperating and sharing resources with other and abroad. libraries in Norway Interlibrary loans out from PRIO lent plus article copies provided) saw a 10% (i.e. decrease documents from 2010 to 2011, and interlibrary loans into PRIO decreased by 36%. There was a 27% decrease in the in decrease 43% a and PRIO, within loans of number the number of loans to external visitors to the library. 24%. by decreased externals from visits and Requests Periodicals Books The PRIO library Head Librarian: Odvar Leine. Librarian: Olga Baeva The PRIO Library The PRIO sition of books that are basic for work in peace and conflict research. A strong reference collection of the most relevant handbooks, encyclopaedias, aries, diction- yearbooks and statistical sources is essential. We have also accepted a the special vast production of Johan Galtung, one of responsibility PRIO’s for founders. At the end of 2011, the library 27,500 volumes, an increase of 3% held over the previous approximately year. 220 of these are e-books (134% up from 2010), but more than 7% of the hold- of various formats ings have at least a link to an electronic version. The library’s database is searchable on PRIO’s intranet. of relevant periodicals. By the end of 2011, PRIO’s - - Work - Confer A - Book launch A part of a - Norwe Agents of Violence and Workshop. How Voluntary is 'Voluntary Cyprus Offshore Hydrocarbons: Seminar at PRIO in Oslo with Shared Spaces and their Dissolution:theirSpacesSharedand Envisioninga Future: Towards Prop SocialDynamics Civilof War. (Mannheim): INDSEC Workshop. Comparing Greek and Turkish Cypriot ‘A Dream, aThreat, ‘A aDuty’ Warfare Warfare in South Asia. Theory and Methods in the Study of Civil How does Conflict in the Country of Origin November: November: (Boston): Counterinsurgency and "Civic and Uncivic Values among the Yugoslav Final workshop in the project ‘Disaggregating Centre for the Study of Civil War PRIO Cyprus PRIO Centre Migration 28 April: shop 28-29April: seminar with Scott Gates and Kaushik Roy. seminar with Scott Gates Wealth Distribution and Regional Politics. lenges on the Indian subcontinent (INDSEC). gian-Indian project on water-related security chal- 4-5 February: 10 March: 10 Return"? And what does it mean for reintegration? erty Settlement Cyprus. in War. 18-19 at MIT. Conference Counterterrorism. project States”. Successor 28-29 October: Workshop as part of the larger 26 November: 14-15 October:14-15 23 August: 31 March: 31 affect Remittance-Sending? History Schoolbooks. 9-10 June: 9-10 30 September: Yiannis Papadakis. 23 November: ence on Return Migration. ence on Return Practises of Coexistence Cyprus in and Elsewhere Institutional Constraints. 14-15 June: 14-15 the Study of Civil Wars’. Selected PRIO Events 2011 Events PRIO Selected Themes explored the during ethics the of and course war, criminal international included conflict, humanitarian law, election-related horizontal violence,between the climate inequalities relationship change and conflict, and peacebuilding conflict in Afghanistan, and the role of diasporas in peacebuilding, the challenges operations, of the role peacebuildingof gender in conflict resolution, the transnational dimensions of conflict, and peace negotiations and peace agreements. As part of course, the students also visited and the participated Nobel Institute in simulation exercise. a one-day conflict-mediation The 2011 course was attended by 22 students from countries 19 around theworld. Students areselected each year through a highly competitive process, and all successful applicants demonstrate interest a in, particular and in some cases experience with,and peace conflict issues. Students equivalent hold theof a bachelor’s minimum degree, doctoralandcompleting master’sdegrees. of process but many are in the The summer school 2011 was coordinated by KendraDupuy and Stephan Hamberg. the causes conflict, of the dynamics conflict, of resolving conflict and building peace, and ethics and legal issues in war International Summer Summer International 2011 School

For For more than 40 years, PRIO has been responsible for organizing and administering the peace researchcourse of the Summer University School of (ISS). The Oslo’s peace researchpopular International course graduate-level is a coursean integral part of the of the ISS,university’s andannual itsummerforms programme. The course workshop beginson conflict resolution with and peacebuilding, a which is followed by two-daya more general introduction to the interdisciplinary fieldof peace studies. The course combines empirical aspects, theory, along with a more focused methodologystudy selectedof areas and themes, and aiming to enhance the understanding of conflict inorder to assist efforts to it.resolve Sessions include lectures by practitioners and scholars in the field of as peace group studies, work, as well presentations and 2011, the discussions. course In curriculum was divided conceptual into realms: four • • • • PRIO Education

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and Conflict and Research School in Peace in Peace School Research P Summer School Group 2011. 2011. Group School Summer UiO, NTNUUiO, and PRIO. School is a cornerstone in the collaboration between regular courses for all students. The Research dissemination, with tailor-made symposia and writing, presentations, project development and skills needed for a career in research: academic addition, there is a firm emphasis on the generic tative; Qualitative; Fieldwork; GIS appli-cations). In SocietalSecurity) methodology(Quanti-andcourses The school offers focused thematic courses (e.g. on admitted in and 2011 another 12 in 2012. outlook, and research excellence. 14 students were peace and conflict issues, international profile and characterized by multidisciplinary approaches to at the partner institutions. The collaboration is building on and expanding networks and expertise of of peace and conflict scholars. This is done by possible research training for the next generation in a common goal by all partners to offer the best on on April 11, 2011. It is located at PRIO and is rooted and Technology (NTNU) and was officiallyopened (UiO) (UiO) and the Norwegian University of Science collaboration between PRIO, the University of Oslo The Research School in Peace and Conflict is a

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 18 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 19 ew York Research projects Endowed professorships and centers for advanced study Conferences and research exchanges Facilitation dialogue of among conflict parties and among researchers, practitioners and the broader public

hence hence be part of, innovative, exciting this research. effect, To it supports and including: implements activities, a range of • • • • Directorsbringstogether of Board Endowment’s The public from – spheres diverse in talents and energies service to the private sector, to academia society. and civil information more For see: www.peace-research.org orwegian Consulate General N hoto: Royal N isa newentity, At the formal launch: PRIO Director Kristian Berg Harpviken, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Leymah Gbowee and Joe R. Reeder (Chair of Endowment) P The Peace Research Endowment Research Peace The set up in the United States, with a seed grant from PRIO. The Endowment aims to enhance research- based knowledge on contribute to ultimately peace and policy, inform and and debate war, to stimulate towards the creation of a world in which violence is the exception and conflicts resolved are peacefully. The Endowment was established in 2012, but officially was launchedon 12 March 2013, with an event at the residence of the Norwegian Consul General in New York, Sissel Breie, featuring Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Leymah Gbowee, as well Abigail Disney and Gini Reticker. as filmmakers The Peace Research community, academic the directedprincipallytoward Endowment’s activities with are an emphasis on researchand practitioner that communities. It informsaims to stimulate the policyresearch cooperation internationally ding throughprojects and programs, fun-first andforemost the activities PRIO. of The Endowment facilitates contact between donors and grant recipients, inviting to support, donors and Peace ResearchPeace Endowment

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Conflict Reso- Since 2006, a a 2006, Since Conflict and Peace Nations and Regions Master Degree Progammes Progammes Degree Master Cape Town. Cape Town. research universities, is located about an hour from of of Stellenbosch. The university, one of Africa’s best Department of Political Science of the University In South Africa, the students are taught at the Migration and Ethnicity and developed by PRIO staff: The Oslo semester consists of three modules l y t i c a l t o o l s a n d e m p i r i c a l k n o w l e d g e o f t h e s e a r e a s . provides students with theoretical perspectives, ana- emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa. The programme economy economy and conflict dynamics, with a particular The programme focuses on international political Africa. spending the subsequent three semesters in South year programme is taught in Oslo, with students College and PRIO. The first semester of this two- been run by Stellenbosch University, Bjørknes master’s master’s programme in international studies has Master International of Studies hemisphere. hemisphere. top top universities and as number one in the southern Australian partner is ranked as one of the world’s been named a ‘Prestige Program’ by ANU. PRIO’s Gender and Conflict (coord. by Pinar Tank) and This joint postgraduate degree programme has (coord. by Henrik Syse). Syse). lution and Peacebuilding (coord. Henrik by Hege by Barker). Ethics of War and Peace (coord. The three courses taught in Oslo are at theat Research School Pacific of and AsianStudies. staff of ANU´sDepartment of International Relations staff. The other courses are taught by the academic ding courses specially developed and taught by PRIO Students spend one semester (autumn) in Oslo atten- Oslo in (autumn) semester one spend Students tions, specializing in peace and conflict studies. graduate degree programme in international rela- Bjørknes College and PRIO have run a new post- Since 2004, ANU, ANU, 2004, Peace and Conflict Studies Since Hege BarkerHege (Bjørknes/PRIO) was coordinator. Australian National University (ANU) in Australia. Stellenbosch University in South Africa and in cooperation with Bjørknes College in Oslo, PRIO PRIO is involved in two master’s programmes -

- 'The 11(1): 'A New 'A New ‘Naga ‘Naga 70(4): onflict, Secu 'The Perils of 'The Perils 67(7): 22–24. Hughes, Glenn. Hughes, of Dignity in the Concept Universal Declaration of Rights', JournalHuman of Religious Ethics 39(1): 1–24. D.P.; Johnson, Dominic Nils Weidmann & Lars-Erik Cederman. the Favours 'Fortune Bold: An Agent-Based Adaptive Reveals Model of Overconfi- Advantages PLoS ONE dence in War', 6(6). Kolås, Åshild. the Forest: 'Reclaiming Herding Reindeer Ewenki as Exception', Human Organization 397–404. Kolås, Åshild. and Violent Militancy in the Shadow Politics Journalof Ceasefire’, of Peace Research 48(6): 781-792. a 'I Was Jason. Miklian, Earths Day Trader', Rare Foreign Policy, 21 January 2011. - 'Revo Jason. Miklian, in lutionary Conflict The Indian Federations: Conflict,Case', Security Developmentand 25–53. Krist Jason; Miklian, offer Lidén & Åshild Kolås. Liberal Local’: ‘Going Agendas Peace-building C in Nepal', rity & Development 11(3): 285–308. Mark. Naftalin, Rwanda?', The World Today -

- - 'Mada - ‘Politi 11(5): 'Simulating 'Simulating - 'Microfounda 'Guns and 'Guns 28(5): 423–437. Political Science Review 105(3): 478–495. Cederman, Lars-Erik; Luc Girardin, Nils Andreas Weidmann, Wimmer & Julian Wucherpfennig. Ethnic cally Relevant across Space and Groups Introducing the Time: Dataset’, ConflictGeoEPR Management and Peace Science Karin; Dyrstad, Halvard Buhaug, Kristen Ringdal, Albert Simkus & Ola Listhaug. tions of Civil Conflict Ethnicity Reconciliation: Internaand Context', tional Interactions 37(4): 363–387. Hatay, Mete & Rebecca Bryant. Simulating Guitars: in a State of Sovereignty Ethnolo American Siege', gist 38(4): 631–649. Hegre, Håvard; Håvard Mokleiv Nygård & Lisa Hultman. - the Effect of Peace keeping Operations, 2010-2035', Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6589: 325–332. Heian-Engdal, Marte. '@fredsprosess1' [@ peaceprocess1], Babylon 9(1): 82–93. Hauge, Wenche. gascar between Peace - Domestic and Conflict for Peaceful Capabilities Management', Conflict Conflict, Security and Development 509–531. - -

- 'Protecting 'Fortress 'Fortress 'The Global 55(3): 859–882. Details', International Area Studies Review 14(2): 3–22. Nina;Boy, J. Peter Burgess & Anna Leander. of Finance Governance Introduc- and Security: tion to the Special Issue', Security Dialogue 42(2): 115–122. Brochmann, Marit. ‘The Effectiveness of over Inter- Negotiations national River Claims’, International Studies Quarterly Halvard;Buhaug, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, Helge Gudrun Holtermann, Østby Andreas & 'It’s the Tollefsen. Forø Stupid! Local Economy, Wealth Geographic Dispersion and Conflict Outbreak Location', Journal of Conflict Resolu tion 55(5): 814–840. Carling, Jørgen & María Hernández Carretero. Europe and Protecting Strategies for Migrants? Unauthorised Managing from Africa', Migration British Journal of Politics and International Rela tions 13(1): 42–58. Carney, Scott; Jason Kristian & Miklian Hoelscher. India', Foreign Policy, 2011. July/August Cederman, Lars-Erik; Nils Weidmann & Kris Gleditsch. Skrede tian Inequalities 'Horizontal and Ethno-nationalist A Global Civil War: American Comparison',

- ć Era. - [Conserva evi Oil and š Milton Park: Park: Milton Washington, Washington, London: Zed London: Zed Journal Articles Insurgency in the Niger Delta: Managing the Complex Politics of Petro- violence. Books. Ramet, Sabrina P. & Ola Listhaug, eds. Budapest: Central Euro- Central Budapest: pean University Press. Obi, Cyril & Siri Aas Rustad, eds. Serbia and the Serbs Two. in WorldWar Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Skjelsbæk, Inger; Anderlini, Sanam Elizabeth Jean Wood, Tilman Brück, Marc Vothknecht, Donald KathleenSteinberg, Chantal & Kuehnast de Jonge Oudraat, eds. Women and Power War: and Protection in the 21st Century. D.C.: United States Insti- Press. tute of Peace Syse, Henrik & Torb jørn Røe Isaksen, eds. Konservatisme tism]. Oslo: Universitets- forlaget. Shah Tadjbakhsh, rbanou, ed. Rethinking the Liberal Peace: ExternalModels and Local Alternatives. Routledge. Baev, Pavel K. 'A Matrix "Color for Post-Soviet Exorcising Revolutions": the Devil from the Listhaug, Ola; Listhaug, Sabrina RametP. & Dragana Dulic, eds. Civic and Uncivic Values: Serbia in post-Milo the PRIO Publications 2011 Publications PRIO

- en & Edited Volumes Edited Small Arms, Crime and Conflict: Global Govern ance and the Threat of Armed Violence. London: Routledge. International Encyclo International Dirk; Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo Morlino & Bertrand Badie, eds. pedia of Political Science. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Bergman, Torbjorn & Kaare Strøm, eds. The Madisonian Turn: Political Parties and Parliamentary Democracy in Nordic Europe. Ann MI: The University Arbor, Press. of Michigan Burgess, J. Peter & Serge Gutwirth, eds. A Threat Against Europe? Security, Migrationand Integration. Brussels: Brussels University Press. Gates, Scott & Kaushik eds.Roy, Conventioinal Warfare in South Asia, 1947 to the Present. Ashgate. Farnham: Gates, Scott & Kaushik eds.Roy, The Nuclear Shadow over South Asia, 1947 to the Present. Ashgate. Farnham: Gates, Scott & Kaushik eds.Roy, Unconventional Warfare in South Asia to the Present. Farnham: Ashgate. Greene, Ow Nicholas Marsh, eds. - - - The The Noe å tro Noe A Piece of the Department of Routledge. Routledge. and Herzegovina. London: and Herzegovina. Rape: Studies from Bosnia Rape: Political Psychology of War Psychology of War Political ledge. - Europe. London: Rout and the Threat against Geopolitical Rationality Rationality Geopolitical Ethical Subject of Security: of Security: Ethical Subject Syse, Henrik. Press. Cambridge University Cambridge Skjelsbæk, Inger. Monographs Cambridge: Civil War. (defended 21 June). in Barriers to Peace Scott Gates, PRIO/CSCW Cunningham, David. Anne Julie Semb, UIO; Political Science, Univer sity Oslo. of Supervisors: Conflict. Burgess, J. Peter. Inequalities and Civil opment, Horizontal Østby, Gudrun. Devel Østby, (defended 29 April). Gates, CSCW/PRIO Gleditsch, NTNU; Scott Supervisor: Nils Petter Political Science, NTNU. ment Sociology of and Conflict Peace. Depart Pie: The Perils of Post- Malmin. Malmin. Binningsbø, Helga Binningsbø, Dissertations Doctoral Cappelen Damm. Cappelen Faith in Our Time]. Oslo: in Our Time]. Faith pher's Reflections on pher's Reflections to Believe in. A Philoso- [Something tro i vår tid [Something på. En filosofs tanker om

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 20 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 21 - - -

'The London: ‘Human ‘Human Brussels: Boston, MA: Brussels: Brussels Burgess, J. Peter. ‘Introduction: Security, - and Integra Migration Burgess in J. Peter tion’ Gutwirth, eds, A & Serge Threat Against Europe? Security, Migration and Integration. Brussels University Press (13–15). Burgess, J. Peter & Gräns.Jonas in Craig A. Security’ ed., ContemporarySynder, Security and Strategy. Basingstoke: Palgrave (89–105). Macmillan Jørgen.Carling, of European Paradox in Unwanted Migration' & Serge Burgess J. Peter Gutwirth, eds, A Threat Against Europe? Security, Migration and Integra tion. University Press (33–46). Cunningham, Kath leen Gallagher & Emily A. Beaulieu. Repression, 'Dissent, and Inconsistency' in Erica Chenoweth & Adria Laurence, eds, Paths to Violence. MIT Press (173–196). Demetriou, Olga; Christou & Georgina John Mavris. 'Becoming in Neighbours Good Civic Action Cyprus: and the Relevance of in Ulrike the State' & Heidi Meinhof Hanna eds, Negotia Armbruster, tion Multicultural Europe: Borders, Networks, Neighbourhoods. (25–44). Palgrave - - - 'Nordic 'Nordic . Ann Arbor: The . Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan University of Michigan Press (356–388). Baev, Pavel K 'The Continuing Revolu- tion in Russian Military Nikolai Petrov in Affairs' Lipman, eds, & Maria Russia in 2020: Scenarios for the Future.- Wash ington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for Interna- (349–370). tional Peace Baev, Pavel K. 'The Russian Army as a Crumbling Keystone in the European Security in Bertil Architecture' Nygren, ed., The Russian Armed Forces in Transi tion. London: Routledge (200–225). Baev, Pavel K. ‘The Uncertain Trajectory of Rela- Russia-Azerbaijan tions in the Multiple- in Adrian pipeline Era’, Dellecker & Thomas Russian eds, Gomart, Energy Security and Foreign Policy. London: Routledge (132–144). & Bergman, Torbjörn Kaare Strøm. Europe in Comparative in Kaare Perspective' Strøm & Torbjorn Bergman, eds, The Madi sonian Political Turn, Parties and Parliamentary Democracy in Nordic Europe. University of Michigan Press (35–66). Bergman, Torbjörn & Kaare Strøm. 'The Demanding Citi- Nordics, in zens, Complex Polities' Kaare Strøm & Torbjorn Bergman, eds, The Madi sonian Political Turn: Parties and Parliamentary Democracy in Nordic Europe - . 'Russia: 'Population Pres- 'Population London: Palgrave London: Palgrave Book Chapters Book Baev, Pavel K. 'Crooked and Reshuffled Hierarchy Networks: Reforming Dysfunctional Russia's in Machine' Military & Kononenko Vadim eds, Arkady Moshes, Russia as a Network State: What in Russia Works When State Institutions Do Not? (62–80). Macmillan Baev, Pavel K. 'Russia's Relations with Security Planned the US: Futures in and Unplanned' ed., Stephen Blank, Russian Nuclear Weapons: Past, Present, and Future. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute (161–186). Baev, Pavel K Believe Does Not Moscow in Kenneth in Changes' ed., TheM. Pollack, Arab Awakening: America and the Transformation of the Middle East. Washington, DC: Brookings Institu- tion (291–297). sure, Horizontal Inequali sure, Horizontal Violence:ties and Political A Disaggregated Study of Indonesian Provinces, 1990-2003', Journal of DevelopmentStudies 47(3): 377–39 Weidmann, Nils. Weidmann, Above” “From ‘Violence Below”? The or “From of Ethnicity in Role Civil War’, Bosnia’s Journal of Politics 73(4 ): 1178–1190. Gudrun; Zulfan Østby, Henrik Tadjoeddin, Urdal, S. Mansoob Murshed & Håvard Strand.

114: 99–120. 'The 59: 600–603. 28(4): 347–358. 33(3): 501–524. 65(2): 279–304. Tuastad, Dag Henrik. Palestine Conciliation Conciliation Palestine 1949–51', Commission, International History Review Nicos. Trimikliniotis, - of Recon a Sociology 'For ciliation and Conflict: An Ascending Ethic of CurrentReconciliation?', Sociology Nicos. Trimikliniotis, 'Σημείωση για τη «Τουρκική Δημοκρατία της Βόρειας Κύπρου», Ταξικές Παράμετροι' on the “Turkish [Note of Northern Republic - ', Class Parame Cyprus ters], Θέσεις år etter oktober- 'Ti urolighetene i Israel' [Ten the October after Years Riots in Israel], Babylon 9(1): 118–127. Ola. Tunander, interes- 'Inspiratorer, innvielsesmestere senter, og investorer i Breiviks verden' [Inspiration, Interests, Initiation and Investments in Brei- Nyttvik’s World], Norsk Tidskrift HildeWaage, Henriksen. All: The Takes Winner 1949 Island of Rhodes Armistice Negotiations MiddleRevisited', East Journal Wang, Jonas Rusten. Hawala: 'Regulating of Five A Comparison Approaches', National Journal of Money Laun dering Control 14(3): 210–224.

- 41(1): - 'Fore 'Diffu- 28(1): 5–14. 66(4): 'Blurring 'Blurring 'Powerful State, 'Powerful 42(3): 297–302. 34(1): 11–32. Sosiologi i dag Powerless Mediator: Mediator: Powerless The United States and Efforts of the the Peace Tiller, Stian Johansen Stian Tiller, & Hilde Henriksen Waage. 53–75. Strand, Håvard.'Decon- A structing Civil War: SecurityRejoinder', Dialogue 'Explaining External for Insurgent Support InternationalGroups', Organization 709–744. Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora. Boundaries: Refugee in Kampala Resettlement – between the Formal, the Informal, and the Illegal', PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review Gerald; Schneider, Sabine C. Carey & Nils Gleditsch. Petter casting in International One Quest, Relations: Three Approaches', Conflict Management and Science Peace Schutte, Sebastian & Weidmann. Nils Salehyan, Idean; Kris Idean; Salehyan, Gleditsch Skrede tian & David Cunningham. of Violence sion Patterns Political in Civil Wars', Geography 30(3): 143–152. & Skjelsbæk, Inger L. Tryggestad. Torunn i det norske 'Kvinner forsvaret: Likestilling eller operasjonelt in imperativ?' [Women Armed the Norwegian Equality Gender Forces: or Operational Impera- tive?],

15(1): 1–20. 52(1): 105–23. 28(1): 15–40. 'All Conflict Is 'All Conflict 'The Making of the 'The Making Science Management and Peace Conflict Risk', ConflictConflict National Variation in Civil in Variation National Local: Modeling Sub- Local: Modeling Gates. Åshild Falch & Scott Halvard Buhaug, Rustad, Siri Aas; 5(2): 211–232. Eastern African Studies 1961-64', Journal of in the Southern Sudan, Sudan, in the Southern Anya-Nya Insurgency H. Rolandsen, Øystein Øystein Rolandsen, 551–564. Political Economy 38(130): ment', Review of African hensive Peace Agree- hensive Peace - Compre of the Sudan A Retrospective Analysis A Retrospective 'A Quick Fix? Rolandsen, Øystein H. Øystein Rolandsen, History 62', Journal of African Southern Sudan, 1956– Sudan, Southern War and Peace in the and Peace War 'A False Start: Between 'A False Rolandsen, Øystein H. Øystein Rolandsen, 467–487. of Metaphysics 64(1): Review Review and War', of Peace 'Aquinas' Moral Typology Typology Moral 'Aquinas' Reichberg, Gregory M. Anthropologist Structures', The African Disintegrating Social Disintegrating Social Cairo: A Symptom of Cairo: 'Street Harassment in 'Street Harassment Peoples, Mareah. Peoples, World 67(1): 16–17. Today Southern Sudan', The Sudan', Southern Naftalin, Mark. 'Beyond - - . London: 'Conclusion: 'Introduction: . London: Zed . London: Zed . London: Zed sity Press (51–75). Nicholas. Marsh, and Small 'Governance Arms and Light Weapons' & Marsh in Nicholas , eds, Owen Greene Small Arms, Crime and Conflict Global Govern ance and the Threat of Armed Violence Routledge (163–182). Marthe Hanne Narud, & Kaare Strøm. - Hønsval From 'Norway, dian Parliamentarism Back to Madisonian Strøm & in Kaare Roots' Bergman, eds, Torbjorn The Madisonian Turn, Political Parties and Parliamentary Democracy in Nordic Europe. Ann Arbor: The University Press of Michigan (200–250). Obi, Cyril & Siri Aas Rustad. Amnesty and Post- is the amnesty Peace, of Opportunity Window Closing for the Niger Obi & Siri in Cyril Delta' Aas Rustad, eds, Oil and Insurgency in the Niger Delta: Managing the Complex Politics of Petro- violence Books (200–210). Obi, Cyril & Siri Aas Rustad. in the Petro-violence Delta - the Complex Niger of an Insurgency'Politics Aas Obi & Siri in Cyril Rustad, eds, Oil and Insurgency in the Niger Delta: Managing the Complex Politics of Petro- violence Books (1–14). Milosevic Era. Budapest: Central European Univer -

. . London: . 'Conclu- 'Serbian Civic 'Serbian Kreutz, Joakim & Marsh Nicholas 'Lethal Instruments: Small Arms and Deaths in in Armed Conflict' & Owen Marsh Nicholas , eds, Small Greene Arms, Crime and Conflict global governance and the threat of armed violence. London: Routledge (43–63). Kreutz, Joakim; & Manuela Torre Marsh. Nicholas 'Regaining State Control: in Arms and Violence Post-conflict Countries' & Marsh in Nicholas , eds, Owen Greene Small Arms, Crime and Conflict Global Govern ance and the Threat of Armed Violence Routledge (64–76). Kristoffer. Liden, Self-Governance 'Peace, and International Neo- From Engagement: Colonial to Post-Colonial in Peacebuilding' Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh, ed., Rethinking the Liberal Peace: External Models and Local Alternatives. Routledge Park: Milton (57–74). Ola Listhaug, in Ola Listhaug & sion' eds, Ramet, P. Sabrina Serbia and the Serbs Two. in World War Basingstoke: Palgrave (285–290). Macmillan Ola;Listhaug, Kristen Ringdal & Albert Simkus. in a European Values in Ola Listhaug, Context' & Ramet P. Sabrina Dragana Dulic, eds, Civicand Uncivic Values, Serbia in the Post- - - - - 'Guns 'Guns 'Gender 'Gender . 'Friðr: . 'Friðr: Basingstoke: Stockholm: 'Larger but Less : States of Security. Hauge, Wenche. in Soldiers 'Girl in Alpaslan Guatemala' Özerdem & Sukanya eds, Child Podder, Soldiers: From Recruit ment to Reintegration. Basingstoke: Palgrave (91–103). Macmillan Helga.Hernes, Perspectives on Civilan Concerns and Security - in Diane Sains Policies' Soininen, bury & Maritta eds, Kön, Makt, Nation: Festskrift till Maud Eduards. Ellanders. Herron, Patrick; Matt Jasna Schroeder, Lazarevic & Nicholas Marsh. Light Known: Authorized in Transfers' Weapons The Small Arms Survey 2011 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (8–41). Jackson, Thomas & Marsh. Nicholas and Deaths: A Critical Marsh Review' in Nicholas eds, & Owen Greene, Small Arms, Crime and Conflict Global Govern ance and the Threat of Armed Violence. London: Routledge (105–121). KrisJacobsen, Elida Undrumtine European A Northern in Wolf Perspective' gang Dietrich, Josefina Echavarría Alvarez, Esteva, Daniela Gustavo Ingruber & Norbert The eds, Koppensteiner, Palgrave International Handbook of Peace Studies. A Cultural Perspective. Macmillan: Palgrave (67–86). - - - . London: London: 'Turkish 'Turkish London: 'Human 'Human 'Cyprus' in 'Cyprus' Tokyo: United Tokyo: Routledge (1–11). Gürel, Ayla & Olga Demetriou. tional Contributions to Reconstruction. ed., S. Nielsen, Jørgen Yearbook of Muslims in Europe- Volume 3. Leiden: BRILL. Mete. Hatay, Conflict Global Govern ance and the Threat of Armed Violence Rights, Civil Society Cyprus' and Conflict in Marchetti & in Raffaele eds, Civil Tocci, Nathalie Society, Conflicts and the Politicization of Human Rights. University Press. Nations Kristian Harpviken, in Nation Peace Berg. 'A The on Terror: the War Engagement Norwegian in Nik in Afghanistan' Marton, Hynek & Péter eds, Statebuilding in Afghanistan: Multina Routledge (157–173). Kristian Harpviken, Berg. 'Warlordism: Three From Biographies Afghani- Southeastern in Astri Suhrke stan' Berdal, eds, & Mats The Peace in Between: Post-war Violence and Peacebuilding. Routledge (173–191). Hatay, Mete & Ali Dayioglu. and the 'Cypriot Cypriots Tiryaki in Sylvia Solution'' Akgun, eds, & Mensur The Heybeliada Talks: Years of PublicTwo Diplomacy on Cyprus. Univer Istanbul: Kultur sity (49–52). - - - - - 'Armed 'Armed 'Conclu- Oslo: Abstrakt 'Introduction' in 'Introduction' Gates, Scott & Kaushik Roy. & Kaushik Scott Gates Unconven eds., Roy, tional Warfare in South Asia, 1947 to the Present. (9–30). Ashgate Farnham: Gates, Scott. 'Why Do Children Fight? and the Motivations of Recruitment' Mode in Alpaslan Özerdem eds, Podder, & Sukanya Child Soldiers: From Recruitment to Reintegra tion. Macmillan Palgrave (29–49). Petter Gleditsch, Nils & Halvard Buhaug. [Causes til krig' 'Årsaker Hovi in Jon of War] eds, Malnes, & Raino Anarki, makt og normer: Innføring i internasjonal politikk. forlag (167–190). Greene, Owen & Marsh. Nicholas - withinViolence Socie Marsh in Nicholas ties' eds, & Owen Greene, Small Arms, Crime and Conflict Global Govern ance and the Threat of Armed Violence. London: Routledge (79–104). Greene, Owen & Nich sions and Priorities for in Research' Further & Owen Marsh Nicholas eds, SmallGreene, Arms, Crime and Conflict Global Governance and the Threat of Armed Violence. London: Routledge (248–262). Greene, Owen & Nich olas Marsh. olas olas Marsh. 'Introduc- Marsh in Nicholas tion' eds, & Owen Greene, Small Arms, Crime and

- 'Introduction' in 'Introduction' 'Introduction' in 'Introduction' Farnham: Ashgate (9–28). Farnham: 1947 to the Present. Shadow over South Asia, Roy, eds, TheRoy, Nuclear Scott Gates & Kaushik Scott Gates Roy. Gates, Scott & Kaushik Farnham: Ashgate (9–30). Farnham: 1947 to the Present. Warfare in South Asia, Roy, eds, Conventional Roy, Roy. & Kaushik Scott Gates Gates, Scott & Kaushik Unipub (57–67). i det nye Norge. Oslo: eds, Kulturell kompleksitet Eriksen & Hans Erik Næss, Erik Næss, Eriksen & Hans 2001] in Thomas Hylland Men with Back- Muslim Men Other Images of Young Other Images of Young Anyway": Self Images andAnyway": Self Considered Foreigners Considered Foreigners september 2001' ["We’re september 2001' ["We’re bakgrunn etter 11. menn med muslimsk ground after 11 September andre bilder unge av uansett': Selvbilder og Selvbilder uansett': på oss som utlendinger ''Alle ser ''Alle Rojan. Ezzati, Clinical Competencies. Clinical (670–679). Care: Core Skills and MO: Elsevier Saunders Librach, eds, Palliative Heights, Maryland Emanuel and Lawrence Resilience’ in Linda Resilience’ Household Economic Household with Illness: A Focus on with Illness: A Focus Suffering Associated Suffering ‘Addressing the Social the Social ‘Addressing Karen Glasser Scan Librach.Lawrence Reitschuler-Cross, drett, Melissa Simon, Tapas Kundu, Eva Eva Kundu, Tapas Emanuel, Linda; PRIO Publications continued ...

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 22 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 23 - - . Oslo: 'Defining 'Defining 'Faithful PRIO CyprusPRIO 'Religious 'South Asia and Oslo: Paper. PRIO Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: Paper. PRIO PRIO PaperPRIO Rolandsen, Øystein Øystein Rolandsen, H. & Alfred Lokuji. 'Drifting Apart? The Impact Secession of and Armed Violence on Border Areas in South Sudan', PRIO. Astri. Suhrke, the Mission: The US Afghani in Engagement stan', PRIO. Astri. Suhrke, Ally:The UK Engagement PRIO Afghanistan', in Paper. Shahr- Tadjbakhsh, banou. Afghanistan: The Robust India-Pakistan Rivalry', Oslo: Paper. PRIO PRIO. Mohammed Tariq, Osman. Institution Building in Explora An Afghanistan: tion', PRIO. Williams, Rhodri & Ayla Gürel. 'European Court Human of Rights and the Cyprus Property Issue: Charting a Way Forward', Centre Nicosia: Paper. PRIO Cyprus Centre. - -

'Educa PRIO Paper. Paper. PRIO Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: PRIO. PRIO Reports An Exploration', PRIO Policy Brief 2, Oslo: PRIO. Østby, Gudrun & Urdal. Henrik 'Peace From the'Peace From Bottom- TheUp? Afghanistan andPeace Reintegration Program', Oslo: PRIO. Kristian Harpviken, Nation Peace Berg. 'A Arms:Takes Up The Norwegian Engagement PRIO Afghanistan', in Paper. Harsch, Michael F. Reluctant'A Warrior: The German Engagement PRIO Afghanistan', in Paper. Klein, Menachem. 'The Israeli Perspective theon Two-State Solu PRIO Paper. Oslo:tion', PRIO. Hamish. Nixon, 'Achieving Durable Peace: Afghan on Perspectives PRIO Process', a Peace Paper. Carling, Jørgen;Carling, Elin Mortensen Berstad & Jennifer Syste- Wu. 'A matic Bibliography on Return Migration', PRIO Paper. Derksen, Deedee. tion and Conflict: What the Evidence CSCW Says', Policy Brief 2, Oslo: PRIO. - - - - -

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'Building New York: York: New PRIO PolicyPRIO Brief 3, PRIO Reports Bulges and Violence' in and Violence' Bulges Eric A. Goldstone, Jack Toft, Monica Kauffman & eds, Political Demog ment: AnInternational Perspective. - Popula United Nations tion Division (243–263). Henrik. Urdal, raphy: Interests, Conflict, and Institutions. Boulder, (117–132). CO: Paradigm Urdal, Henrik. Urdal, 'Demographic Aspects of Climate Change, - Environmental Degrada tion and Armed Conflict' ed., in United Nations, Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Develop Kristian Harpviken, Berg. 'Power Prevails: The Failure Whole-of- of Government Approaches PRIO Afghanistan', in Policy Brief 4, Oslo: PRIO. Klein, Menachem. 'The Israeli Perspective the on Two-State Solution', Policy Brief 1, Oslo: PRIO. Nordås, Ragnhild. 'Sexual Violence in African Conflicts', Policy Brief 1, Oslo: PRIO. Astri. Suhrke, talism: NATO in Afghani PRIO Series 2011 'Disjointed Incremen stan', Oslo: PRIO. Mohammed Tariq, Osman; Kaja Borch Trust and Institutions - Religious Institution- Afghanistan: in Building grevink & Kristian Berg Harpviken. . - 'Conclusion: 'Open Societies, 'Open Societies, 'Introduc- 'Liberal Peace - Oslo: Finansdeparte mentet (74–80). Shahr- Tadjbakhsh, banou & Oliver P. Richmond. - and Modi Typologies fications Proposed by in Critical Approaches' Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh, ed., Rethinking the Liberal Peace: External Models and Local Alternatives. Routledge Park: Milton (221–241). Syse, Henrik.- 'Forvalt ning over generasjonene - -- hva sier etikken?' [Care taking over Generations -- What Does Ethics Say] in Finansråd i utfordrende tider – om forvaltning og økonomisk politikk. Festskrift Eriksen til Tore Open Markets: Assump- Open Markets: in tions and Illusions' Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh, ed., Rethinking the Liberal Peace: External Models and Local Alternatives. Routledge Park: Milton (19–36). tion: Liberal Peace tion: Liberal Peace in Shahr in Dispute' and the Dialogue of the in Deaf in Afghanistan' Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh, ed., Rethinking the Liberal Peace: External Models and Local Alternatives. Routledge Park: Milton (206–220). banou Tadjbakhsh, ed., banou Tadjbakhsh, Rethinking the Liberal Peace: External Models and Local Alternatives. Routledge Park: Milton (1–17). Tadjbakhsh, Shahr- Tadjbakhsh, banou. Tadjbakhsh, Shahr- Tadjbakhsh, banou. Tadjbakhsh, Shahr- Tadjbakhsh, banou.

- - Cam- 'Human 'Human Ann Arbor: The Human Rights, Corpo- (30–44). sity of Missouri Press sity of Missouri Columbia, MO: Univer of Modern Literature. Voegelinian Readings Charles R. Embry, ed., Charles R. Embry, in Henrik Ibsen' in Ibsen' in Henrik Richardsen. Dilemmas and Extremes Syse, Henrik & Tor Beings in the "Metaxy": versity Press (156–182). bridge: Cambridge Uni- eds, Disinvestment. Follesdal & Ola Mestad, & Ola Mestad, Follesdal rate Complicity, and Gro Nystuen, Andreas Gro A Conceptual Map' in A Conceptual Map' bility of Shareholders: 'The- Responsi Moral Christiansen Ingierd. Ingierd. Christiansen Syse, Henrik & Helene Press (3–34). University of Michigan University of Michigan Europe. Bergman, eds, The Madi Democracy in Nordic Kaare Strøm & Torbjorn Kaare Strøm & Torbjorn Parties and Parliamentary racies under Siege?' in racies underSiege?' sonian Political Turn, 'Parliamentary Democ- 'Parliamentary Torbjörn Bergman. Torbjörn Strøm, Kaare & Press (65–84). States Institute of Peace States Institute of Peace Washington, D.C.: United D.C.: Washington, tion in the 21st Century. and Power War: and Protec- Kuehnast, eds, WomenKuehnast, Helga Hernes & Kathleen Hernes Helga Chantal de Jonge Oudraat, Oudraat, Chantal de Jonge Post-Yugoslav Wars' in Wars' Post-Yugoslav 'Sexual Violence in the Violence 'Sexual Skjelsbæk, Inger. Skjelsbæk, Inger. (185–204). University Press Cambridge: Cambridge Cambridge: Cambridge Reichberg, Gregory M. Interpreting Suárez. Daniel Schwartz, ed., Daniel Schwartz, 'Suárez on Just War' in in War' on Just 'Suárez O RI lav Myskja, P hoto: Hans O P

O RI hoto: Andrew J Feltham, P Svein Normann, Cathrine Bye, Lorna Sandberg, Q. Lars Even Andersen, Lene K. Borg, Damian Laws, HansP Olav Myskja PRIO Board (2012): Dag Harald Claes, Ragnhild Steen Jensen, Raimo Väyrynen, Ragnhild Sohlberg,Horst, Cindy Siri C. Aas Rustad, Bernt Aardal (chair). Haakon Jamtli Kristiansen Halvor Berggrav, Inger Skjelsbæk, Nygaard, Lynn P. Kristian Berg Harpviken, . Leadership and Support and Leadership

(Institute CO) (ex officio) (IT Manager) (Management Adviser) (Institute Secretary)

(Chair) Director´s Office Director´s Administration The Board members The Board Lynn P. NygaardLynn P. (Special Adviser) Ingeborg K. Haavardsson (Special Adviser) Halvor Berggrav (Adviser) Inger Skjelsbæk (Deputy Skjelsbæk Inger Director) Kristian Berg Harpviken (Director) Cathrine Bye Eivind Breidlid, (AdministrativeAssistant) Damian Laws Hans Olav Myskja Svein Normann (Dep. Administrative Director) Aschehoug Publishing House Lars Even Andersen Lorna Sandberg Q. (Chief Accountant) Nazneen Khan Østrem, Nazneen Lene K. Borg, (Administrative Director) Nora Sveaas, University Oslo of Jo Saglie, Institute Social for Research, Oslo Åshild Kolås, PRIO Marta Erdal, PRIO Inger Skjelsbæk Inger Norwegian Ministry Foreign of Affairs Kristian Berg Harpviken (ex officio) BrittB. Brestrup, T. Lene K. Borg (ex officio) Lund University Aggestam, Karin Raimo Väyrynen, Professor Emeritus Deputies Development Ministry Local of Government and Regional Ragnhild Steen Jensen, Jensen, Steen Ragnhild Sohlberg Consulting Ragnhild Sohlberg (DeputyRagnhild Chair) Siri Camilla Aas Rustad, PRIO Cindy Horst, PRIO Dag Harald Claes, University Oslo of Bernt Aardal Bernt Institute Social for Research, Oslo

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 24 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 25 ------Centre for the Study of , at end 2012. To this end, PRIO has been tant companies and new public think-tanks’ entering entering think-tanks’ public new and companies tant thepotentiallyarena,may furtherpose challenges to the research institute sector in general, and strong academic research milieus like PRIO in particular. At the same time, we consider the research milieu at PRIO to be unique in a Norwegian as well as inter national setting. We develop new and stronger alli ances with other research environments, and we are therefore of the opinion that in the long term, PRIO will prove itself as a robust research instituteunique qualities with and a strong international profile, well positioned further for growth. Signed, Oslo, 29 2012 March Civil War funding, in aiming alternative acquiring successful funding new with prestige. at high a sources of level term,thelongerenvisageIn we challenges relatedto the development Norwegianof research policy, to be formulated in a forthcoming (due white in spring paper on 2013). research Possible scenarios research policy include that aims a at cultivating the institute sector as an arena for exclusively applied research, at the same time as increasingly universities and colleges expected are funding to from external obtain sources. Expansive consul supplementary PRIO PRIO promotes gender equality insti the for staff at research by carried its out work 2011, In employees. tute amounted to 52.6 person-years. Among junior researchers and doctoral candidates, women were responsible for 49% of the For senior researchers holding doctoral person-yearsdegrees, the worked. corresponding figure was 52%, while it was only 13% for those with professorial competence. In addition, performed administrative by were 16.4 person-years respon were women and PRIO, at staff support and these. 48% of for sible PRIO makes active efforts to prevent discrimination on the basis of functional ability, ethnicity, national origin, skin colour, or orientation. religious Activities or performed philosophical include in recruitment, this regard remunerationconditions, promotional schemes, staff development and working programmes and protection against harassment. PRIO is engaged in the project ‘Peace ciliation and Recon in the Eastern Mediterranean’. In relation to this project, a branch office has been established in Nicosia, Cyprus. Apart from the work of the PRIO Cyprus Centre, all of thecarried offices in PRIO’s at Oslo. out institute’s activities are The Board is of the clear opinion that activiPRIO’s ties are well managed, and in compliance with theInstitute’s Statutes, approved strategies, and annual plans of action. The Institute has over several years had a steady growth (3-5%) and both number in real of turnover employees. well-recognised PRIO research is milieu a within worldwide the field of peace and conflict. In theshort term, the demand,and funding prospectives, for expected PRIO’s research to remain is robust. challenge The relates main to the immediate termination of PRIO’s Centre funding of Excellence, of - - - - The Peace strategic strategic institute 14,560,000, totalling , registered in the US. Focused . The output-based component institutes was launched in 2009. Theconsists new of two model components: one based on (10%), outputs the second consisting of programmes (90%)is allocated on the basis of achievementsof on indicators. a set PRIO’s solid research ensured outputs that have the institutewell on these so indicators, but farthe portion of has applied research, as performeddefined in themodel, has a potentially negative effect in the future. In 2011, the core grant institute’s represented total 14.9% income. of In the addition, Council the Research of Norway’s contribution to Excellence the represented 9.8% Centre of the of total income. A further 24.9% of the institute’s income came from the Research Council grants. Next to the Research Council through of Norway, the ordinary Norwegian project Ministry of Foreign PRIO’s Affairs most important has funder been in 2011, 28.8% providing of the institute’sAdditional income was generated total through research operating projects income. for several other European Commission, funders, the Norwegian including Ministry the of Defence and theBank. World It is a strategic goal to diversify the funding base in order to reduce vulner ability. In this regard, the initiative institute to has establish taken a new the foundation, Research Endowment ronment committee has been set up. PRIO is committed also to the agreement on inclusive fostering workplace. PRIO a employees more participate in decisionmaking at the institute through ship of, member or representation on, the Institute Council and the PRIO Board. Reported sick leave in 2011was 2.3% (2.2% in 2010). The institute does not pollute the external environment. On average, 94 people during 2011, were working an employed equivalent at of years. 69 person- PRIO The average number of people PRIO employed during at the year decreased by 2 from 2010 to the whereas produced number of person-years 2011, engagedwere persons 106 of total3.2. A increasedby by PRIO during 2011, many of those by CSCW on a part-time basis. During 2011, 18 doctoral candidates and 2 master’s degreestudents benefited PRIO. workspacearships at and/or from schol effortsalsodirectedare towardsincreasing theshare of international funding, which in 2011 constituted the of institute’s19% total income. For 2012, the Research approved a core grant of NOK Council of Norway 16% of a budgeted has turnoverhas ofbudgeted NOK for 87 a the of million.stable 78% turnover year, the of start the and At 2012. PRIOa for moderate surplus budgeted income was considered certain. The Board is of the opinion that the conditionsoperation are present. for continued PRIO enjoys a good internal working environment. Routines for health, environmental awareness and security have been established, and a work envi Report from the Board 2011 the Board from Report - - - (the corresponding figure was7) for 2010 (the figure was66) for 2010 (the figure 3) was for 2010 5 scientificmonographs peer-reviewed50 journal articles 52 book chapters (the figure 49) was for 2010 doctoral2 completed dissertations (Director: Scott Gates) (Leader: Jørgen Carling) (Leader: Pinar Tank) Centre the for Study Civil of (CSCW) War Security (Leader: Peter Burgess) J. Ethics, Norms and Identities Conflict Resolution andPeacebuilding

new model for allocation of core grants to research competence-building within key research areas. A carried out at the institute through long-term core core funds should ensure the quality of research for for governmental funding of research institutes, the Council of Norway. According to current guidelines The institute receives a core grant from the Research as 31 December of 2011. give a true and fair view of PRIO’s financial situation The Board is of the opinion that the annual accounts times current liabilities 31 December at 2011. is considered good:considered iscurrent assets equivalentare 2 to 2010 to 31 December 2011. PRIO’s liquidity December31 PRIO’s to situation2011. 2010 in the institute’s cash equivalents from 31 December analysis also shows a net increase of NOK 10.5 million 10.5 NOK of increase net a shows alsoanalysis now now amount to NOK 39.3 million. The cash-flow 2011 2011 surplus will be added to the net assets, which result contributes positively towards this aim. The strategic aim of building up its net assets, and the surplus of 4.4 million in 2010. PRIO has a long-term a surplus after tax of NOK 2.6 million, against a NOK NOK 89.4 million, an increase of 9% on the corre sponding figurefor 2010. The 2011accounts show The institute’s total operating income amounted to • • • • The following research output is emphasized: 2010-13 strategy period. realization of the institute’s strategic goals for the support staff has also been directed towards the of of activity. Much effort from both researchers and been another good year for PRIO, with a high level With respect to research, we consider 2011 to have • • • • programmes: of of one ‘Centre of Excellence’ and three research In 2011, research at PRIO was organized in terms Skjelsbæk serves as Deputy Director. bility of extension for up to another 4 years. Inger Director for the period 2009-13, with the possi Kristian Berg Harpviken is appointed as PRIO’s peaceresearch as an important academic discipline. has played a central international role in developing (PRIO) is to engage in research concerning the condi concerningtheresearch in engage to is (PRIO) and individuals. Since its foundation in 1959, PRIO The purpose of the Peace Research Institute Oslo tions for peaceful relations between nations, groups ote 3 ote 4 ote 11 ote 12 N N N N otes 5, 9 ote 7, 10 ote 7, N N – 317 751 881 462 366 987 2 915 2010 2010 7 318 7 621 (828) 1 353 1 180 1 180 9 590 3 253 3 930 2 058 7 318 6 331 4 403 4 403 12 617 15 347 65 196 11 0 0 4 40 233 (1 276) (1 276) (4 595) 18 271 75 616 (1 680) 81 947 67 628 16 995 50 633

– 42 75 563 929 113 ) 120) 1 114 3 311 2011 2011 3 212 1 591 (558) (558) 1 749 1 233 3 858 3 846 1 064 4 604 2 800 1 516 2 626 2 626 2 343 3 858 12 214 11 0 56 11 66 8 71 979 13 302 (1 44 430 (3 11 008 67 628 78 078 87 078 89 421 10 450

ther revenues ther personnel costs fficecosts roject grants rofessional fees ayments for purchase fixed of assets ayments for sale fixed of assets ravel, representation seminars and ffect pension of fund axes paid for the period Net cash flow from operating activities P P Net cash flow from investment activities Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January Cash and cash equivalents December at 31 Cash Flow Statement Flow Cash Annual surplus T Depreciations funders from project advances Change debtors Change receivables other Change Change accounts payable and other liabilities E Change in other periodized items Income Statement Core grants P Sales revenues O operatingTotal revenues Salaries and social costs P O O Running costs for fieldoffice T Depreciations Total operatingTotal expenses (deficit) surplus Operating Financial income expenses Financial items financial Net Net surplus before tax Income tax Net surplus for the financialyear Transferred to other equity capital ds n sa

ou h K t n NO s i e r u Cash Flow From Operating Activities Financial Income/Expenses Cash and CashCash Equivalents and Cash Flow from Investment Activities Disposal of Net Surplus Net Surplus Operating Expenses Operating Operating Revenues All fig

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 26 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 27

ote 4 ote 3 ote 2 ote 6 ote 3 ote11 ote 11 ote 11 ote 12 N N N N N N N N N 274 Cindy Horst 2010 3 120 6 197 7 474 3 076 1 033 Board Member Board Member 1 834 2 265 2 899 1 660 3 173 2 887 12 348 12 67 628 30 435 Raimo Väyrynen 29 972 85 107 85 107 36 632 36 45 302 82 24082 461 2011 6 210 7 743 3 451 6 197 2 154 1 278 2 796 1 954 2 223 8 086 6 671 3 232 33 061 78 078 28 859 91 276 91 276 39 258 45 346 88 044 T Director Board Member Board Member Dag Harald Claes Ragnhild Sohlberg Oslo, 29 2012 March KristianHarpviken Berg ther liabilities ther receivables ther equity capital roject advances from funders from roject advances ension liabilities ong termong liabilities, employees P Accounts payable taxCurrent payable income O current liabilities Total netTotal assets and liabilities Balance Sheet Balance Fixed assets Deferred tax assets furniture and Machines fixedTotal assets Current assets Debtors O Bank and cash in hand assets current Total assets Total assets Net Basic capital O netTotal assets December 31 liabilities for Allocation P L allocation liabilities for Total liabilities Current Withholding tax, social security, VA Chair Bernt Aardal Board Member Dep. Board Member Ragnhild Steen Jensen Siri Camilla Aas Rustad Assets Net AssetsNet and Liabilities Notes to the Accounts at 31 December 2011

Note 1: Accounting Principles perceived as temporary. Depreciation is provided changes in assumptions are amortized over expected The annual accounts are produced in accordance on a straight-line basis at rates calculated to amor- remaining years of service if exceeding 10% of the with the Accounting Act of 1998 and sound tize each asset over its expected economic lifetime. greater of pension liabilities and pension funds. accounting practice. Current assets are valued at the lower of cost or net Changes in the pension plan are dispersed over realizable value. Assets and liabilities in foreign the remaining years of service. The figures include Valuation and Classification of Assets and Liabilities currency are valued at year-end exchange rates. payroll tax. The pension means are assessed at real Long-lived assets aimed at permanent utilization or value. ownership are classified as fixed assets. Other assets Principles for the Entering of Royalty Income are classified as current assets. Items falling due Royalty income is accounted for in line with the Note 2: Separate Bank Account for within one year are classified as current assets and accrual basis principle. Withholding Taxes

P RI O A NNU liabilities. The balance in the separate bank account for Pensions withholding taxes at 31 December 2011 was NOK Fixed assets are stated at historical cost net of accu- The basis for recording pension liabilities is esti- 2,926,756. The corresponding figure at 31 December mulated depreciation or at estimated fair value if less mated salary level upon retirement and years of 2010 was NOK 2,630,207.

A L Repo r than book value and the decline in book value is not service. Deviations from estimates and effects of

Note 3: Project Accounts ress and reflect earned income. Project expenses are Earned non-invoiced revenues are included in the t 2011 The method of accounting used for projects is accounted for according to the accrual principle of sum for debtors in the balance. Account payments the percentage-of-completion method (Norwegian accounting. The project balance and any outstanding and project advances from funders are presented as Accounting Standard 2, Construction Contracts). income are regarded as sufficient to cover future current liabilities on the balance sheet. 28 Project revenues are accounted for according to prog- expenses needed for the completion of the project.

Projects at 31 December 2011 2010 Earned non-invoiced revenues on ongoing projects 3 625 330 6 912 915 Pre-invoiced production 28 858 833 29 972 130

Note 4: Machines and Furniture Depreciation of machines and furniture is calcu- 2011 2010 lated using the linear method over five years or three Cost price 1 January 9 280 553 8 004 697 years, dependent on the estimated lifetime of the New investments 558 077 1 275 856 assets. Decline/sales during the year 0 0 Accumulated previous depreciations 7 446 645 6 266 937 This year’s depreciation 1 113 807 1 179 708 Net book value at 31 December 1 278 179 1 833 908

Note 5: Leasing pensions include joint life pensions and children’s and the number of pensioners was 2. Calculation On 1 August 2005, PRIO entered into an agree- pensions). The pension plan is regulated by the of pension contributions and pension liabilities ment with the Norwegian Red Cross for rent of Norwegian Public Service Pension Fund Act. The are based on actuarial principles. The pension office space in Hausmannsgate 7. The agreement plan also comprises contractual pensions from scheme is not based on funds; payment of pensions was in 2009 extended until 31 July 2015 and the 62 years. The pension plan is coordinated with is guaranteed by the Norwegian state (Retirement annual rent, with addenda for the 3rd floor, is pensions from the National Insurance Scheme. Pension Act §1). The Norwegian Public Service NOK 2.8 million. After expiry, PRIO has the right Membership is mandatory for all employees who Pension Fund simulates placing the pension assets to extend the agreement for another five years, at qualify according to current regulations. At 1 January in government bonds (fictitious funds). market-regulated rent. Each of the parties can claim 2012, 69 employees were included in the fund, an annual regulation of the rent equal to 100% of the change in Statistics Norway’s consumer price 2011 2010 indices. Present value of earned pensions this year 3 609 531 3 724 712 Interest expense on pension liabilities 1 877 992 1 843 801 Note 6: Pension Expenses, Pension Assets and Pension Liabilities Return on pension expense (before payroll tax) (1 642 552) (1 760 024) PRIO’s employees are members of the Norwegian Administration cost 121 145 103 656 Public Service Pension Fund. The pension plan Net pension expense (before payroll tax) 3 966 116 3 912 145 comprises retirement pensions, disability pensions Effect of estimate deviation 265 818 121 469 and contingent life pensions (contingent life Net pension expense (before payroll tax) 4 231 934 4 033 614 Periodized payroll tax 559 222 551 612 Pension expense (after payroll tax) 4 791 156 4 585 226 Regulatory plan changes to age pension 0 (2 819 175) Accounted for pension expense (after payroll tax) 4 791 156 1 766 051 Notes to the Accounts at 31 December 2011

31 December 2011 31 December2010 Assets < liabilities Assets < liabilities Earned pension liabilities 46 388 922 41 849 735 Pension plan assets (at market value) 33 400 775 32 379 409 Estimate deviations not recognized (7 545 680) (6 929 377) Pension liability, before payroll tax (5 442 467) (2 540 949) Periodized payroll tax (767 388) (358 274) Net pension liability, after payroll tax (6 209 856) (2 899 224) P RI O A NNU Economic Assumptions

2011 2010

Discount interest 3.80% 4.50% A L Repo r Expected salaries regulation 3.50% 4.00% Expected pension regulation 2.80% 3.00% t 2011 Expected G regulation 3.25% 3.75% Expected return on funds 4.10% 5.00% 29 The regular presuppositions of the insurance indu- stry are used as actuarial assumptions for demographic factors and retirement.

2011 2010 Note 7: Specification of Salaries and Social Costs. Salaries 35 156 954 34 244 401 Total salaries and social costs consist of the following Payroll tax 5 319 603 5 233 960 items: Employer contribution pension scheme 3 953 861 754 527 Total 44 430 418 40 232 888

Note 8: Number of Employees During the Note 9: Auditors’ Fee Financial Year Fees to Deloitte Ltd and cooperating firms have been The average number of employees at PRIO during divided as follows: 2011 was 94, performing a total of 69 person-years (the corresponding figures for 2010 were 96 and 2011 2010 66.8). Additionally, the institute had 2 graduate Statutory audit fee 180 000 180 000 students with scholarships and/or office space at Other audit services 114 50 0 109 000 PRIO during the year (the corresponding figure for Tax advising fee 42 050 12 515 2010 was 8). The average number of conscientious objectors was 0.6 (the corresponding figure for 2010 Total 336 550 301 515 was 1).

Note 10: Remuneration of the Leadership Salary Pension Other Director 919 590 18 414 5 214 Board 215 000 0 0 -

2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 –7 998 46 282 39.8 % – 828 025 2 915 377 2 915 4 402 274 6 197 0006 197 –106 400 7 318 101 3 947 913 913 3 947 913 3 947 – 811 866 –114 270 2 049 068 –828 025 30 435 219 30 435 26 032 495 2 915 377 3 119 888 3 119 –1 032 536 536 032 –1 36 632 219 36 632 –1 536 032 –1 536 032

2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 31.9 % – 152 286 258 039 153 692 692 2 153 –921 033 1 232 659 2 625 820 197 0006 197 153 692 692 2 153 3 858 479 1 080 374 435 219 30 435 061 039 061 33 –214 809 153 692 692 2 153 1 232 659 –1 953 569 39 738 –1 760 –1 953 569 oo little/much income tax allocation previous yearsoo little/much ension liabilities ax effect of the following items: items: of the following ax effect otal net assets, 31 December otal net assets, oo little/much income tax allocation previous years income tax allocation oo little/much his year’s payable income tax expense payable This year’s T Total Off-balance sheet deferred tax benefits deferredNet benefit/liability balance in sheet Basic capital 1 January Other equity capital, Net surplus 31 December Other equity capital, T Fixed assets Fixed Current liabilities P Notes to the Accounts at 31 December 2011 December 31 at the Accounts to Notes Specificationtax income expense:of Current payable income tax deferredChanges in tax on profit/(loss) Tax Specification of current tax payable: income Current income tax payable in balance sheet Current income tax payable to real income tax rate:Reconciliation from nominal taxation Profit/(loss) before to nominal rateEstimated income tax according (28%) T expenses Other non-deductable income Other non-taxable T Income tax expense tax rate income Effective - Note 12: Net Assets Specification of the tax effect of temporary differ ences and losses carried forward: institutecorporate were liable for taxation. appeal, PRIO has chosen to account for tax as if the appealed the decision. Awaiting the outcome of the of of the 2008 income year. PRIO disagrees and has PRIO PRIO is liable for corporate taxation, effective as In 2009, the Norwegian tax authorities decided that Note 11: Tax Note 11:

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 30 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 31

Library Odvar Leine Olga Baeva Editorial Staff Bertrand Lescher-Nuland Marit Moe-Pryce Communication Schjønsby Agnete Julien Bessiere Knut Åbjørsbråten Sindre Administration Feltham John Andrew Cathrine Bye Laws Damian Halvor Olav Berggrav Haavardsson Ingeborg Lars Even Andersen KristinLene Borg Sandberg Quilario Lorna Lynn Parker Nygaard Svein Normann Eivind Breidlid BoninoGuido Conscientious Objectors Myskja Olav Hans Henrik Urdal Henrik HenriksenHilde Waage Wallacher Hilde Nils B. Weidmann Gudrun Østby Assistants Research Monique ApostolNicole Marianne Dahl DittrichJohan Hallberg Hamberg Stephan Lindeberg Agnes Harriet Nordenson Jon Tetyana Tkachenko Eivind Berg Weibust Wischnath Gerdis Jennifer Wu Students Master Katherine Edelen Herdís Sigurgrímsdóttir Sofie Hove Stene Researchers Visiting Henrikas Bartusevicius Brulé Rachel Derian Der James Guttormsen David Harsch Michael Jenkins Craig Joseph Kennedy James Jonathan Khoury Nadim Marianne Lande LeanderAnna Elyse Leonard Elin Berstad Mortensen A.N.M. Muniruzzaman Ofstad Øyvind Ormhaug Marsh Christin Sharbanou Tadjbakhsj Bjørn Høyland Elida Kristine Jacobsen Jensehaugen Jørgen Jumbert Gabrielsen Maria Kaufmann Mareile Åshild Kolås Kundu Tapas LendeGina Lidén Kristoffer ListhaugOla Lujala Paulina Paivi Nicholas Marsh MiklianJason Karl Ove Moene Mark Naftalin Martin Nome Austvoll Ragnhild Nordås Håvard M. Nygård Peter Gufu Oba Paasche Erlend Peoples Mareah RametSabrina Reichberg Greg Jorrit Jelle Rijpma Øystein H. Rolandsen Siri Camilla Aas Rustad Jan Ketil Rød HeggliTove Sagmo BergtoraKristin Sandvik Skjelsbæk Inger Rune Slettebak Strand Håvard Kaare Strøm Syse Henrik Pinar Tank Ole Magnus Theisen Andreas Forø Tollefsen Trimikliniotis Nicos Torunn Lise Tryggestad Dag Henrik Tuastad Tunander Ola Tønnesson Stein (Staff are listed who left in italics) in 2011 Director Kristian Berg Harpviken Deputy Director Skjelsbæk Inger Researchers Pavel Baev ArveTor Benjaminsen Helga Malmin Binningsbø Kaja Borchgrevink Nina Kristin Jessica Boy BrochmannMarit BuhaugHalvard Burgess James Peter Sabine Carey Jørgen Carling Checkel Taylor Jeffrey Chi Che Primus Indra de Soysa DemetriouOlga Dommersnes Ida Dupuy Kendra Elster Jon Marte Heian Engdal Marta Erdal Bivand Rojan Ezzati Scott Gates Gleditsch Petter Nils GleditschKristian Skrede GränsJonas Ayla Gürel Mete Hatay Wenche Iren Hauge HayashiNobuo Hegre Håvard Maria Hernandez Carretero Hernes Helga Hoelscher Kristian HoltermannHelge Cindy Horst PRIO Staff in 2011 in Staff PRIO

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 32 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 33 9: Institute Council: Functions Council: Institute 9: of speech 10 Freedom Statutes 11: Dissolution 12: more than 6 months. All these have voting rights in the IC. The conscientious students elect one representative each with objectors voting and the rights – with personal deputies. These are rules to Further elections. annual separate, at chosen be concerning these elections shall be determined by the IC. A quorum of the Institute shall Council be consti- members its of 3/5 least at of presence the by tuted with voting rights. Unless otherwise determined, matters are to be decided by simple majority vote. vote in the case of a tie. The Chair has a casting The Institute Council shall requested be by the Institute Director convened or three of when its members. The Institute Director takes part in the meetings right to vote. of the IC, without the At the beginning of each decide who shall chair that session. meeting the IC is to The Administrative Director secretary to the normally IC. The IC shall keep minutes acts of as its meetings. § The Institute Council is a consultative the body Board for and the Director. according All to § 5 above, matters are to be dealt which, with by the Board (including work plan, budget and accounts, appointment of researchers the in permanent Administrative researchers positions when Director, they and are engaged for other a period of over one year) are to be circum- special presented Unless recommendation. its firstfor IC to the stances are an impediment, the Institute Director and the staff representatives to also present to the IC all other the matters which they Board shall intend to put before the Board. Personnel matters are not to be dealt with by the Institute Council. The determines Institute whether Council a itself mandate. matter falls within its The Institute Council elects two members of the PRIO staff to the Board. The IC can require these to take up specific matters before the Board. § expression, of freedom full have members staff All internally and externally. § These Statutes are available in and English. both In the case of any Norwegian discrepancies, the text shall apply. Norwegian Amendment of the 2/3 majority Statutes of the Institute requires Council, majority of the Board. and both a 5/7 a § majority 2/3 a requires Institute the of Dissolution of the Institute Council, and a 5/7 majority of the Board. Should this take place, any funds shall go to the Institute for Social Institute. latter Research the by designated purpose research or be used for a 5 Board: Functions 5 Board: Appointment of Institute Director 6: and Deputy Director The Institute Council 8: A quorum of the Board shall be constituted by the presence of at least five members; or by the pres- Chair The Chairperson. the including four, of ence a tie. vote in the case of has a double The Board shall be convened when demanded by its members. the Chair or by two of The Board shall keep minutes Minutes are to be available to of the members of the its meetings. Institute staff. § plan work the approve and discuss shall Board The of the Institute, approve the budget and accounts, and evaluate the activities of the Institute in relation to the Institute’s aim work plan. and purpose and its The Board shall appoint (cf the § 6), the Institute Administrative Director, researchers Director employed in of period a for engaged are these permanent when researchers positions same these for termination of Notice and year. one over other personnel categories is likewise to be approved by the Board. § prepare jointly Board the and Council Institute The the appointment of a new Institute Director. The recom- annotated an deliver to is Council Institute mendation to the Board. recommendation, the Before Council is delivering to obtain its state- ments from outside experts. The Institute Director shall be appointed by Board the to serve for a period of four years, with the the If years. four to up of extension an of possibility within two weeks of the Board’s Institute Council, at by Director, new a of hiring the on decision first of writing in Board the notifies majority, 3/4 a least its reasoned disagreement with the decision, the Board must consider the hiring anew. The Board shall appoint the Deputy Director for two years at a time, following nomination by the Director and the recommendation of the IC. The Deputy Director may be re-appointed. Functions Institute Director: § 7: The Institute Director is in charge of leading the activity of the Institute. The Institute Director has overarching responsi- and co-ordinating running, planning, the for bility financing of the scholarly activities of the Insti- tute, within the framework set by Institute The Board. the the by work adopted budget the plan and Director is to see to it that the staff are provided with possibilities to develop their competence. The Institute Director has main responsibility for He/She externally. Institute the about information the in published be to is what determine also shall name of the Institute. The Deputy Director shall execute the daily functions of the Institute Director when the latter prevented from performing them. is § The Institute Council (IC) employees in is permanent positions, as composed well as all of employees in non-permanent all positions employed for 50 % or more of standard working hours for Statutes

Two members by the Norwegian Research Research members by the Norwegian Two (NFR) Council One member by the University of Oslo countries, One member from the other Nordic International Studies appointed by the Nordic Association (IC). members by the Institute Council Two These two members shall be chosen from among the PRIO staff. The Institute Director, the Deputy Director and the Administrative Director are not eligible. One member by the Institute for Social Research Research Social for Institute the by member One 4: The 4: Board 3: Governing Bodies Governing 3: the Board the Institute Director the Institute Council. 2: The 2: Foundation as well as that of other institutions. as well as that of other internationally teaching undertake training and seminars hold conferences and stimulate research cooperation nationally and stimulate research cooperation 1: Aim and Purpose Aim 1: disseminate information based on its own research own its on based information disseminate If any Board member finds it necessarya appointment, of period his/her during Board the leave to duration the for made be should appointment new of the period. The Board elects its own Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson. Consideration Consideration shall be given to achieving reason- able representation of both sexes. The Institute Director, Deputy Director and Administrative Director the take part in the meetings of the Board, without voting rights. - - - - Members are appointed by the following bodies: Members - The Board shall consist of seven members personal with deputies. Board members are appointed for a three-year period, in such a way that 4 and 3 members, respectively, are to be appointed at a time. § § bodies: The Institute has the following governing - - - The “basis capital” (grunnkapital) of the Institute (as of 31 December 1996) stands at million. NOK 6.197 The Peace Research Institute Oslo, is an autono- mous non-profit foundation, independent of ideological, political or national interests. § The name of the Institute is, in Norwegian, “Insti- Norwegian, in is, Institute the of name The tutt for fredsforskning” and, in Research English, Institute Oslo”, with “PRIO” as “Peace the offi- cial abbreviation in both languages. The Institute is free to choose its research projects. research its choose to free is Institute The The results of its research shall be available to the public.

- - - In addition to this main purpose, the Institute shall: Institute the purpose, main this to addition In - § The Peace herein Research also referred to Institute as independent “the international Institute”, Oslo research is institute. an Its (PRIO), purpose is to engage in research concerning the conditions for peaceful relations between nations, groups and individuals. , level of of level evaluation of of evaluation ] CSCW as a CoE the [ Anonymous expert’s Anonymous expert’s appraisal for the midway midway the for appraisal has become the become has ] exceptionally good exceptionally Centre for the Study of of the Study for Centre [ quality of the research is the research quality of environment in research in research environment on civil war... civilon war... Civil War The ,

leading international research research international leading

PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 34 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2011 35 Over, the past 50 years PRIO has established itself as the pre-eminent peace and conflict research institute in Europe – many would say the world. Its major, but by no means only, contribution has been to drive forward the frontiers of knowledge in quantitative conflict. Its research and publication record in this area has been extraordinarily impressive, its flagship journal is world class and its impact on the , field huge.

Andrew Mack, Simon Fraser University, Canada. Editor of the Human Security Report.