DOCSLIB.ORG

Conversion and Beyond: the Changing Self in Victorian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conversion and Beyond: the Changing Self in Victorian CONVERSION AND BEYOND: THE CHANGING SELF IN VICTORIAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY J. L. BROUGHTON D. PHIL. THE UNIVERSITY OF YORK DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND RELATED LITERATURE SEPTEMBER 1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements Abstract iv INTRODUCTION 1 i The moment 2 ii The canon 18 iii The function of conversion 26 CHAPTER 1 To the Dark House: Leslie Stephen and the Mausoleum Book 39 CHAPTER 2 The Six Paper Bags: Thomas Carlyle and Autobiography 72 1 The paradigm: Conversion in Sartor Resartus 73 2 'Biography' and Sartor Resartus 85 3 Reminiscence as Autobiography 94 CHAPTER 3 William Hale White's The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford and Mark Rutherford's Deliverance: A Commonplace Life? 113 CHAPTER 4 Thomas Cooper: The Foregone Conclusion 145 CHAPTER 5 Margaret Oliphant: The Impossible Life 183 CHAPTER 6 Women's Autobiography: The Self at Stake? 213 AFTERWORD 234 NOTES 240 BIBLIOGRAPHY 262 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For access to the manuscript of Margaret Oliphant's Autobiography, I am indebted to the trustees of the National Library of Scotland. Lesley Watts, formerly of the Inter-library Loan Desk of the J. B. Morrell Library, has given me incalculable help in pursuing obscure works with the slenderest of clues. To Hermione Lee, who has been a source of energetic criticism and tireless support through all the vicissitudes of research, nothing fancy, just thanks. Thanks are also due to my father, Keith Broughton, for help with the hardware; to Robin Hart, for help with the software; to Jean Wall, for moral support; and to Roy Wallington, for putting up with it all. This thesis is dedicated to my mother, Betty Broughton, who helped with the worrying. iii ABSTRACT This thesis questions the idea that the Victorian autobiography is essentially a narrative of conversion. In the Introduction, I examine the empirical evidence supporting such a claim. I then go on to expose the theoretical underpinnings of the equation of autobiography as a genre with conversion. I attempt to point out where they might be faulty or inadequate. Chapter 1 makes a case for a re-reading of Victorian autobiography in the light of Leslie Stephen's strong resistance, in his Mausoleum Book, to the conversion-plot. I examine some of the roots of this aversion, and its effects on Stephen's own autobiographical practice. Chapter 2 assesses Thomas Carlyle's contribution, in Sartor Resartus, to the secularization of the conversion narrative, and attempts to ascertain his commitment to that mode of Life-writing. Arguing from the basis of the ambivalent views expressed in the essay 'Biography' (contemporary to both Sartor Resartus and the first of the Reminiscences), I explore the possibility that Carlyle's interest in the genre went even further - to the testing of alternative modes of autobiography in the Reminiscences. Chapter 3 takes a 'pseudo-' or 'fictionalized' autobiographical corpus, William Hale White's The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford and Mark Rutherford's Deliverance, and traces Hale White's love-hate relationship with conversion. I propose that, between the Autobiography and Deliverance, the hero Rutherford can be seen to lose faith in the conventional conversion structure, and begins to reconstruct his story on other grounds. Chapter 4 addresses the Life of Thomas Cooper, a Baptist convert whose relationship to autobiography and to literary tradition is never- theless skewed by his class position and his need to reclaim 'pre- conversion' experiences. Chapter 5 takes the Autobiography of Margaret Oliphant, a work which bears few of the accepted signs of the conversion narrative, but which is self-evidently autobiography. I examine some of the alternative myths of self-hood devised by Oliphant for the purposes of autobiography, and offer an interpretation of these myths which takes into account the author's gender. Chapter 6 draws together a number of women's autobiographies, concentrating mainly of those of Annie Besant. I posit a female alter- native or addition to the pervasive conversion-plot, in the motif of self as 'failed martyr'. I conclude by shifting the focus away from the 'redemptive moment', and towards the related typological motif of 'wandering, exile and return'. Is there similar evidence of resistance to, and divergence from, the typological norm? iv INTRODUCTION 1 i THE MOMENT In his anthology The Unattended Moment, Michael Paffard speaks of 'ransacking' the shelves of autobiography and memoir - from de Quincey and Wordsworth to Koestler and Nabokov - for the epiphanies, visions, revelations, illuminations, fits and trances that make up his mystical and quasi-mystical collection. 1 As Paffard points out, what connects many of these sudden, unlooked-for, transcendental experiences is that, however 'worked over' they might have been in the imagination, the memory and the process of writing, they are very often pivotal in an autobiographer's life. They are moments of conversion: one of the things that makes the unattended moment important and a subject of our special wonder, is that it does often seem to the people who have it that it transforms them.2 A. 0. J. Cockshut, reversing Paffard's procedure and coming to conversion from the starting point of an analysis of autobiography, has elaborated the unattended moment thus: But when [conversion] does come it appears as the practical enactment of something settled long before. It encapsulates a long process of thought, of weighing arguments, of rejecting old ideas and adopting new ones, or of developing old ideas in a new direction. Its momentary quality does not make it sudden. The thoughts that existed on the other side of the gulf of oblivion return, now vivid and opertive, speculative no longer. A new life is waiting to be lived.' It is the possibility of a relationship between Victorian autobiography and conversion - the moment which is momentous but not momentary - which is the starting point of this thesis. I shall examine the case in favour of the conventional reading of English autobiography as conversion narrative, before moving on, in the main body of the thesis, to suggest ways in which this reading might fail to take account of the complexity and variety of nineteenth-century experiments in the genre. Literary historians have made many connections between the development of autobiography and the evolution of the spiritual 'conversion' narrative. The problems inherent in the construction of such a history I shall discuss in Section Two, but for the moment I shall simply sketch its outline. Conveniently, Augustine provides, in his Confessions, (c. 400,) the first recognized example of both genres, and a gesture is often made to this work as representing the beginning of autobiographical history. But the real 'seed-time' of both genres is deferred in most accounts another twelve hundred years, to the Puritan revolution of the seventeenth century. The conglomeration of factors involved in the generation of an 'autobiographical consciousness' - from the development of a concept of individuality and the Puritan horror of wasted time, to the technological advances in mirror-making and printing—has been discussed elsewhere, 4 but most historians agree in seeing the particular character of Protestant theology as crucial. I follow George Landow in citing Karl Mannheim's view that the Protestant movement set up in place of revealed salvation, guaranteed by the objective institution of the Church, the notion of the subjective certainty of salvation ... It was not a long step from the doctrine of the subjective certainty to a psychological standpoint in which gradually the observation of the psychic process, which developed into a veritable curiosity, became more important than the harkening to the criteria of salvatlon which men had formerly tried to detect in their own souls. Roger Sharrock likewise regards autobiography as receiving a special impetus from the Calvinist emphasis on election. From informal diaries and confessions, in which the writer, by enumerating doubts, sins and blessings, would gauge the state of his or her soul, there evolved a recognized literary form 'cultivated especially by the Puritans, and developed on more specialized lines after 1640 by the leaders of the radical sects.' 6 Sharrock suggests a link, as early as the mid- seventeenth century, between this nascent genre and the idea of social and moral authority: There was a new development in spiritual autobiography in the period of religious ferment between 1640 and 1660. Baptists, Quakers, and Seekers injected fresh vitality into the form and applied it to new purposes. Bunyan and his like, socially inferior to the Presbyterian and Independent clergy and without formal education for the ministry, attempted to justify themselves and to establish their special galling by detailed accounts of the work of grace upon their souls./ Such documents gradually became more detailed and more public, feeding off, and contributing to the 'psychological' novel and the 'method' of Methodism in the eighteenth century, and emerging, in about 1800, as an identifiable (that is to say, named) genre distinguishable from biography on the one hand, and fiction on the other. The proliferation of autobiographical writing from this point onwards was such that by 1826 J. G. Lockhart could complain that 'England expects every driveller to do his Memorabilia'.8 It has been remarked many times that the 'classic' autobiographers of the Victorian period tend to describe the major event or events in their Lives in terms of conversion. It has also been observed that virtually none of these celebrated conversions represents a simple Pauline acceptance of Christianity. (In his extensive survey of English autobiography, Wayne Shumaker played down the importance of religious confession altogether because, as he saw it, 'of the "great" English autobiographies of the nineteenth century and later, only one, Newman's focuses on religion 9) Most of them, indeed, involve reactions against some aspect of Victorian Protestantism: its defunct theology, its sectarianism, its sabbatarianism, its threadbare rituals, Its perpetuation of intricate class distinctions, its repressiveness or its double standards in the areas of sexual behaviour or commerce.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Carlyle Society Papers
    THE CARLYLE SOCIETY SESSION 2011-2012 OCCASIONAL PAPERS 24 • Edinburgh 2011 1 2 President’s Letter With another year’s papers we approach an important landmark in Carlyle studies. A full programme for the Society covers the usual wide range (including our mandated occasional paper on Burns), and we will also make room for one of the most important of Thomas’s texts, the Bible. 2012 sees a milestone in the publication of volume 40 of the Carlyle Letters, whose first volumes appeared in 1970 (though the project was a whole decade older in the making). There will be a conference (10-12 July) of academic Carlyle specialists in Edinburgh to mark the occasion – part of the wider celebrations that the English Literature department will be holding to celebrate its own 250th anniversary of Hugh Blair’s appointment to the chair of Rhetoric, making Edinburgh the first recognisable English department ever. The Carlyle Letters have been an important part of the research activity of the department for nearly half a century, and there will also be a public lecture later in November (when volume 40 itself should have arrived in the country from the publishers in the USA). As part of the conference there will be a Thomas Green lecture, and members of the Society will be warmly invited to attend this and the reception which follows. Details are in active preparation, and the Society will be kept informed as the date draws closer. Meantime work on the Letters is only part of the ongoing activity, on both sides of the Atlantic, to make the works of both Carlyles available, and to maintain the recent burst of criticism which is helping make their importance in the Victorian period more and more obvious.
    [Show full text]
  • George Eliot and the Mill on the Floss
    PART III: George Eliot and The Mill on the Floss 189 CHAPTER EIGHT George Eliot and Her Suitors: the “Hatched Chick” Becomes a Rooster The story of The Mill on the Floss, which is very much a story about the emergence of Marian Evans/George Eliot as a professional author, actually began a few years before the appearance of that pivotal book with the anonymous publication of Eliot’s first novel (really a series of novellas) in the pages of Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (Maga). Lewes first submitted Evans’s work to the venerable Scottish publisher, John Blackwood, on 6 November 1856, when Evans was still editing John Chapman’s Westminster Review.1 The submission was “The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton,” the first of three novella-length sketches that would eventually form the whole of Scenes of Clerical Life. Of this first sketch Lewes boasted to Blackwood that “such humour, pathos, vivid presentation and nice observation have not been exhibited (in this style) since the ‘Vicar of Wakefield’— and in consequence of that opinion I feel quite pleased in negotiating the matter with you.”2 During this first interaction on Evans’s behalf, Lewes aimed to convince Blackwood that this unknown author was someone whose work was worth adding to 1 In addition to a long essay entitled “Worldliness and Otherworldliness: the Poet Young,” Eliot would write a segment called “History, Biography, Voyages, and Travels,” as well as her standard “Belles Lettres” section for her final contributions to the Westminster Review, 67 (January 1857). See Letters II, 274, n.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository
    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Alastair Paynter (2018) “The emergence of libertarian conservatism in Britain, 1867-1914”, University of Southampton, Department of History, PhD Thesis, pp. 1-187. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES History The emergence of libertarian conservatism in Britain, 1867-1914 by Alastair Matthew Paynter Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2018 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES History Doctor of Philosophy THE EMERGENCE OF LIBERTARIAN CONSERVATISM IN BRITAIN, 1867-1914 by Alastair Matthew Paynter This thesis considers conservatism’s response to Collectivism during a period of crucial political and social change in the United Kingdom and the Anglosphere. The familiar political equipoise was disturbed by the widening of the franchise and the emergence of radical new threats in the form of New Liberalism and Socialism. Some conservatives responded to these changes by emphasising the importance of individual liberty and the preservation of the existing social structure and institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mallock Social Philosophy Political Economy with a New Introduction by Modern History
    Mallock Social Philosophy Political Economy With a new introduction by Modern History THE LIMITS OF PURE DEMOCRACY H. Lee Cheek, Jr. W. H. Mallock With a new introduction by H. Lee Cheek, Jr. The 1910s was a decade in which theories of socialism, pacifism, and collectivism flowered. Publicists and playwrights from Sidney Webb to George Bernard Shaw expressed not just belief in “utopianism” but a vigorous assault The Limits of on the existing political and economic order. Less well known is how a group of Tory thinkers laid the foundations of a conservative counter-attack expressed with equal literary and intellectual brilliance. Foremost among them was W. H. The Limits of Mallock. In The Limits of Pure Democracy he argued that the pseudo-populist leaders of the political party system promise everything but deliver only the end of parties as such. For Mallock, what starts with populism ends in dictatorship. The Russian Revolution was simply the historical outcome of utopian socialist visions that were more dedicated to destroying the present system of things than bringing about a revitalized future. Mallock’s book explains how the modern free market succeeds through competition in increasing output, broadening occupational opportunities, and multiplying the numbers of skilled professionals. In contrast, welfare schemes serve to deepen poverty by spreading wealth so evenly that incentives to work decline and personal savings are eliminated. These arguments have become commonplace today. But at the time they PURE DEMOCRACY served as an incendiary reminder that class warfare works in both directions. PURE Mallock was a remarkably talented writer who made the case against exaggerated expectations, a nascent welfare system, and mass political parties led by oligarchs.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Life Worth Living? 1
    Is Life Worth Living? 1 A free download from http://manybooks.net Is Life Worth Living? Project Gutenberg's Is Life Worth Living?, by William Hurrell Mallock This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re−use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Is Life Worth Living? Author: William Hurrell Mallock Release Date: December 2, 2005 [EBook #17201] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO−8859−1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IS LIFE WORTH LIVING? *** Produced by David Garcia, Stacy Brown Thellend and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net IS LIFE WORTH LIVING? BY WILLIAM HURRELL MALLOCK Is Life Worth Living? 2 AUTHOR OF 'THE NEW REPUBLIC' ETC. * * * * * 'Man walketh in a vain shadow, and disquieteth himself in vain.' 'How dieth the wise man? As the fool.... That which befalleth the sons of men befalleth the beasts, even one thing befalleth them; as the one dieth so dieth the other, yea they have all one breath; so that man hath no preeminence above a beast; for all is vanity.' '[Greek: talaipôros egô anthrôpos, tis me rudetai ek tou sômatos tou thanatou toutou];' * * * * * NEW YORK G.P. PUTNAM'S SONS 182 Fifth Avenue 1879 I INSCRIBE THIS BOOK TO JOHN RUSKIN _TO JOHN RUSKIN._ My dear Mr. Ruskin,−−You have given me very great pleasure by allowing me to inscribe this book to you, and for two reasons; for I have two kinds of acknowledgment that I wish to make to you−−first, that of an intellectual debtor to a public teacher; secondly, that of a private friend to the kindest of private friends.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of William Morris Studies
    The Journal of William Morris Studies volume xix number 4 summer 2012 Editorial Patrick O’Sullivan 3 Obituary: Peter Preston Peter Faulkner 4 A William Morris Letter Peter Faulkner 7 Morris and Devon Great Consols Florence S. Boos & Patrick O’Sullivan 11 Morris and Pre-Raphaelitism Peter Faulkner 40 ‘And my deeds shall be remembered, and my name that once was nought’: Regin’s Role in Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs Kathleen Ullal 63 Morris’s Late Style and the Irreconcilabilities of Desire Ingrid Hanson 74 Reviews. Edited by Peter Faulkner 85 William Morris, The Wood Beyond the World, edited by Robert Boenig (Phillippa Bennett) 85 Joseph Phelan, The Music of Verse. Metrical Experiment in Nineteenth-Century Poetry (Peter Faulkner) 89 the journal of william morris studies .summer 2012 Martin Crick, The History of the William Morris Society (Martin Stott) 92 Fiona MacCarthy, The Last Pre-Raphaelite. Edward Burne-Jones and the Victo- rian Imagination (Peter Faulkner) 96 Susie Harries, Nikolaus Pevsner: The Life (John Purkis) 100 Paul Ward, Red Flag and Union Jack: Englishness, Patriotism and the British Left, 1881–1924 (Gabriel Schenk) 103 James C. Whorton, The Arsenic Century (Mike Foulkes & Patrick O’Sullivan) 105 Guidelines for Contributors 109 Notes on Contributors 111 ISSN: 1756-1353 Editor: Patrick O’Sullivan ([email protected]) Reviews Editor: Peter Faulkner ([email protected]) Designed by David Gorman ([email protected]) Printed by the Short Run Press, Exeter, UK (http://www.shortrunpress.co.uk/) All material printed (except where otherwise stated) copyright the William Mor- ris Society.
    [Show full text]
  • THE UNIVERSITY of HULL Four Literary Protegees of the Lake
    THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Four Literary Protegees of the Lake Poets: Caroline Bowles, Maria Gowen Brooks, Sara Coleridge and Maria Jane Jewsbury being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Hull by Dennis Jun-Yu Low, SA (Oxon) March 2003 Therefore, although it be a history Homely and rude, I will relate the same For the delight of a few natural hearts: And, with yet fonder feeling, for the sake Of youthful Poets, who among these hills Will be my second self when I am gone. Wordsworth Contents Contents ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ 2 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 4 Preface ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1: The Lake Poets and 'The Era of Accomplished Women' ............................................ 13 Chapter 2: Caroline Bowles .......................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 3: Maria Gowen Brooks ................................................................................................ 100 Chapter 4: Sara Coleridge .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • “A Sort of Chivalrous Conscience”
    Scientific Papers of the University of Pardubice Series C Faculty of Humanities 10 (2004) Michael M. KAYLOR ‘Tempting Suggestible Young Men’: Pater, Pedagogy, Pederasty This article considers biographical and textual materials relating to the Victorian pederastic pedagogy of Walter Pater, an Oxford don, author, and aesthetic critic. Emphasis is placed on the ways that his novel ‘Marius the Epicurean’ and essay ‘Winckelmann’ serve to elucidate this merging of pederasty and pedagogy, as well as the influence of this merging on his former student and later friend Gerard Manley Hopkins, one of the premier Victorian poets, a poet whose ‘Epithalamion’ provides the fullest Uranian encapsulation of Pater’s elaborate and decadent pedagogy. I will not sing my little puny songs. […] Therefore in passiveness I will lie still, And let the multitudinous music of the Greek Pass into me, till I am musical. (Digby Mackworth Dolben, ‘After Reading Aeschylus’)1 Puzzled by the degree of intimacy between ‘a shy, reticent scholar-artist’ and ‘a self-silenced, ascetic priest-poet’, David Anthony Downes speculates: ‘It has been frequently said that Gerard Manley Hopkins and Walter Pater were friends. The statement is a true one, though exactly what it means, perhaps, will never be known’.2 Apprehensive that such speculations might lead to elaboration on their erotic sensibilities, Linda Dowling cautions that ‘Given the fragmentary biographical materials we possess about both Hopkins and Pater, any assertion about the “homoerotic” nature of their experience or imagination may seem at best 1 The Poems of Digby Mackworth Dolben, ed. by Robert Bridges, 1st edn (London: Oxford University Press, 1911), p.23.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Tamara Ketabgian, the Lives of Machines: the Ndui Strial Imaginary in Victorian Literature and Culture
    Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature Volume 10 Article 2 Number 1 Fall 2012 Fall 2012 Review of Tamara Ketabgian, The Lives of Machines: The nduI strial Imaginary in Victorian Literature and Culture. Stella Pratt-Smith University of Oxford Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.brynmawr.edu/bmrcl Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Recommended Citation Pratt-Smith, Stella (2012). Review of "Review of Tamara Ketabgian, The Lives of Machines: The ndusI trial Imaginary in Victorian Literature and Culture.," Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature: Vol. 10 : No. 1 Available at: https://repository.brynmawr.edu/bmrcl/vol10/iss1/2 This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. https://repository.brynmawr.edu/bmrcl/vol10/iss1/2 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pratt-Smith: Pratt-Smith on Ketabgian Tamara Ketabgian, The Lives of Machines: The Industrial Imaginary in Victorian Literature and Culture. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011. 252 pp. ISBN 0472051407. Reviewed by Stella Pratt-Smith, University of Oxford There are few more pervasive metaphors in our conceptualizations of the human than the industrial imaginary explored by Tamara Ketabgian in The Lives of Machines. The “fuel” of food saves us from “running out of steam” or becoming “broken” components within an “overheated” economy; these metaphors are akin to Ketabgian’s example from Charlotte Brontë’s Shirley (1849) in which Robert Moore exclaims that “the machinery of all my nature, the whole enginery of this human mill, the boiler which I take to be the heart, is fit to burst” (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Narrative Strategies of the Nineteenth-Century Female Revisionist Amy Criniti Phillips
    Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 2011 Private Reader, Public Redactor: Narrative Strategies of the Nineteenth-Century Female Revisionist Amy Criniti Phillips Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Phillips, A. (2011). Private Reader, Public Redactor: Narrative Strategies of the Nineteenth-Century Female Revisionist (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1043 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRIVATE READER, PUBLIC REDACTOR: NARRATIVE STRATEGIES OF THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY FEMALE REVISIONIST A Dissertation Submitted to the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Amy Criniti Phillips May 2011 Copyright by Amy Criniti Phillips 2011 PRIVATE READER, PUBLIC REDACTOR: NARRATIVE STRATEGIES OF THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY FEMALE REVISIONIST By Amy Criniti Phillips Approved March 28, 2011 ________________________________ ________________________________ Laura Callanan, Ph.D. Laura Engel, Ph.D. Associate Professor of English Associate Professor of English Committee Chair Committee Member ________________________________ Daniel P. Watkins, Ph.D. Professor of English Committee Member ________________________________ ________________________________ Christopher M. Duncan, Ph.D. Magali Cornier Michael, Ph.D. Dean, McAnulty College and Chair, Department of English Graduate School of Liberal Arts Professor of English iii ABSTRACT PRIVATE READER, PUBLIC REDACTOR: NARRATIVE STRATEGIES OF THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY FEMALE REVISIONIST By Amy Criniti Phillips May 2011 Dissertation supervised by Laura Callanan, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • VICTORIAN SENSATIONS H&F Fm 3Rd.Qxd 9/15/2006 4:30 PM Page Ii H&F Fm 3Rd.Qxd 9/15/2006 4:30 PM Page Iii
    H&F_fm_3rd.qxd 9/15/2006 4:30 PM Page i VICTORIAN SENSATIONS H&F_fm_3rd.qxd 9/15/2006 4:30 PM Page ii H&F_fm_3rd.qxd 9/15/2006 4:30 PM Page iii ᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑ VICTORIAN SENSATIONS ķ Essays on a Scandalous Genre EDITED BY Kimberly Harrison and Richard Fantina The Ohio State University Press Columbus ᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑ H&F_fm_3rd.qxd 9/15/2006 4:30 PM Page iv Copyright ©2006 by The Ohio State University Press. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Victorian sensations : essays on a scandalous genre / edited by Kimberly Harrison and Richard Fantina. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978–0-8142–1031–4 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0–8142–1031–7 (alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978–0-8142–9108–5 (cd-rom) ISBN-10: 0–8142–9108–2 (cd-rom) 1. English fiction—19th century—History and criticism. 2. Sensationalism in litera- ture. I. Harrison, Kimberly, 1969– II. Fantina, Richard. PR878.S44V53 2006 823'.809353—dc22 2006005531 Cover design by Laurence Nozik. Text design by Jennifer Shoffey Forsythe. Type set in Adobe Garamond by Jennifer Shoffey Forsythe. Printed by Thomson Shore, Inc. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48–1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 H&F_fm_3rd.qxd 9/15/2006 4:30 PM Page v ᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑᪑ CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction: Richard Fantina and Kimberly Harrison ix Part One Sensation: Genre, Textuality, and Reception 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 What Animal?: Darwin's Displacement Of
    Notes 1 What Animal?: Darwin’s Displacement of Man 1. Jacques Derrida, ‘The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow)’, Critical Inquiry 28/2 (2002): 369–418. 2. W.H. Auden, ‘Address to the Beasts’. The Faber Book of Beasts. Ed. Paul Muldoon. London: Faber & Faber, 1997. 1–3. 3. Natural History Museum London, 2008, http://www.nhm.ac.uk/visit-us/ whats-on/darwin/index.html, accessed 10.11.2009. 4. The Beagle Project, http://www.thebeagleproject.com/voyages.html, accessed 10.11.2009. 5. See Diana Donald and Jane Munroe, Endless Forms: Charles Darwin, Natural Science, and the Visual Arts (New Haven, Conn. and London: Yale University Press, 2009). 6. University of Cambridge, 2009, http://www.darwin2009.cam.ac.uk/, accessed 10.11.2009. 7. A recent literary example is Will Self’s satire on primatologist discourse, in particular the work of Dian Fossey and Jane Goodall – and the sentimental idolisation of the same – in Great Apes. See Dian Fossey, Gorillas in the Mist (London: Phoenix, 2001), Jane Goodall, My Friends the Wild Chimpanzees (Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1967) and Will Self, Great Apes (1997, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1998). 8. Gillian Beer, Darwin’s Plots. Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century-Fiction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, repr. 2000, 2009) and George Levine, Darwin and the Novelists. Patterns of Science in Victorian Fiction (Harvard University Press, 1988). 9. George Levine, ‘Reflections on Darwin and Darwinizing’, Victorian Studies 51.2 (2009): 223–45, 231–2. 10. Redmond O’Hanlon, Joseph Conrad and Charles Darwin: the Influence of Scientific Thought on Conrad’s Fiction (Edinburgh: Salamander, 1984), Michael Wainwright, Darwin and Faulkner’s Novels: Evolution and Southern Fiction (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
    [Show full text]