MONDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2019 DAILY EXCELSIOR, JAMMU daily Excelsior Established 1965 Fading of Kashmir Shaivism Founder Editor S.D. Rohmetra Justice G D Sharma (Retd) tence and authoritativeness". Various Contempo- his self realized line of various gurus. Late Prime dismissed but all of them after the dawn of pop- rary scholars have characterized him as a brilliant Minister Shrimati Indira Gandhi was an ardent ular rule of Kashmir centric political party ashmir Shaivism is a School of the Tantric scholar and saint, the pinnacle of the development devotee of Swami Lakshman Joo and her visit to National. Conference headed by Dr. Farooq Fishiness in avoiding third Shiva Tradition that originated in Kash- of Kashmir Shaivism and "in possession of Yog- Kashmir Valley used to remain incomplete with- Abdullah were absorbed in Government schools. Kmir between approximately 700-1100 ic realization." Abhinavgupt himself has recorded out paying obeisance to Swami Ji. He had shed his One can understand their bent of mind and this is Common Era (CE). During that time, Kashmir was about the migration of his ancestors from Kannouj mortal coil in this mundane world in the month of also one of the reasons to keep the militancy alive party monitoring the epicentre of intellectual and Spiritual life. in his famous book "Tantraloka" to the following September, 1991 in his Ashram in Srinagar which in Kashmir valley. This fact is recorded in details Kashmir Shaivism devotees believe in all pow- effect:- still exists unattended in a dilapidated condition in my authored book titled, "Plight of Jammu & henab Bridge, under construction in Akhnoor erful deity Shiva, that is universal shared con- sector and having the distinction of being the Kashmir- The Unknown Files". Now, this is the sciousness. This consciousness is believed to be fu%'ks"k'kkL=lnua fdy e/;ns'kLrfLeUutk;r xq.kkH;f/kdk n~fotUek A right time to establish Sharda Peeth University in Clongest bridge in Northern India, looked after within each individual and, similar to a yoga prac- dks I;f=xqIr bfr ukefu:Dxks=% 'kkL=kfC/kpoZ.kdyksn~;nxLR;xks=% AA38AA Kashmir Valley with the dominant object of reviv- by the Jammu and Kashmir Roads and Buildings tice. It centres on revealing the inner self as con- ing Kashmir-Shaivism which embraces common Department, has come under focus for a reason nected with a higher consciousness. The above reFk yfyrkfnR;ks jktk futa iqjeku;r~ iz.k;jHklkr~ d'ehjk[;a fgeky;ew/kZxe~ culture of Kashmiri brotherhood and nullifies the said thought process was also influenced by sev- jehadi theory that Kashmir is a separate Nation. extraneous to the technicalities or the engineering eral Indian Philosophical and Spiritual traditions ArfLeUdqosjiqjpkfjflUrka'kqekSfylkEeq[;n'kZufo:Patanjali's yoga sutra and oSr:rkls/kfl fuokleeq.; p+Øs jktk n~fotL; ifjdfYirHkwfjlEir! AA52AA been introduced and nourished to perpetuate fam- and unusual way is crafted with intent to keep away Yogacara. ily rules can be curbed effectively by this Kash- or at least arrange prolonging for an unspecified "Nilamata Purana" is an ancient text (6" to 8" Abhinavgupt was born in Kashmir in a fami- in the vicinity of famous "Nishat Garden" of Sri- miri Sufi tradition of tolerance and co-existence. period, third party monitoring of work on this impor- Century CE) from Kashmir which contains infor- ly of scholars and mystics and studied all the nagar city. Kashmir Shaivism is gaining interest The Wahabi philosophy till date has not been able mation on its history, geography, religion and folk- schools of philosophy and art of his time under the not only in India but abroad also. In Universities to erase the original Kashmiri culture because in tant and vital bridge, a requirement which was know- lore. It was used by Kalhan as one of the sources ingly attached to the process of the construction guidance of as many as fifteen (or more) teachers. where teaching of Sanskrit has been introduced as the mosques in Srinagar or elsewhere in the val- of his historical treatise "Rajatarangini" written in He completed over 35 works and the largest and one of the compulsory or optional subject the study ley where the Namaz is recited that is in total dif- works for better results. Like this, scope for raising Sanskrit poetry in 12" Century which gives some most famous of which is "Tantraloka"- an ency- of Kashmir Shaivism also becomes relevant at the ference to the practice observed as followed in the of eye brows and that too genuinely and not unnec- glimpses of the contemporary times as well as of clopedic treatise on all the philosophical and prac- choice of concerned students. The study of San- world. The Namaz is sung in versus which seem essarily, is created and most importantly, was tan- the past. Gonanda is the first known king of Kash- tical aspects of Kashmir Shaivism. An Italian San- skrit is gaining popularity throughout the world to be very much akin to the recitation of Sanskrit mir and was a relation and friend of Jarasandha skrit Scholar by the name of Reniero Gnoli has and it is taught in more than 40 universities of the Shlokas as sung in Hindu temples. tamount to gross violation of the set guidelines of the (King of Magdha). He had gone to help Jarasand- Ministry of Road Transport and Highways completed a translation of "Tantraloka" in a Euro- world. Sanskrit is indubitably the oldest and most The people of J&K State are thankful to the haha in a war against lord Krishna and was killed pean language. scientific language in the world. This subject elderly learned Sanskrit scholars of Jammu region (MORTH). by the latter. His son who wanted to take revenge Acharya Abhinavgupt in spiritual parlance should be introduced in every university especial- who had the foresight and vision to keep alive the Launched in September 2018, the project of this too was killed. His widow was made the ruler by describes his origin "Yognibhue". In "Kashmir ly in India and more particularly in state of J&K name of Archarya Abhinavgupt by getting con- vital Chenab bridge, at an estimated cost of Rs. 120 Lord Krishna himself who was succeeded by her Shaivism"; it is considered that a progeny of par- where it was taught with interest and concern even structed a convention hall in the heart of Jammu son known as Gonanda II. After him, Kashmir was ents established in the divine essence of "Bhaira- during Dogra Rule. Not only that, the teaching of city on his name whileas, the scholars and politi- crore and scheduled to be completed by March 2021 ruled by at least 43 kings. was decided to be under third party monitoring, look- va" is endowed with exceptional spiritual and Sanskrit was more vigorously followed thereafter cians of Kashmir valley who after 1947 remained Ashoka the Great was the third ruler of the intellectual prowess. Such a child was supposed even for sometime during Islamic Rule which was more close to the seat of power in the Kashmir ing to the strategic importance of this bridge. Why Indian Mauryan Empire. He ruled between 273- to be "repository of knowledge". He is known for established in 1339 by Shah Mir (known as Bul- centric class of ruling leaders holding the reigns should this monitoring appear to be thought as some 232 BE and extended his control over Kashmir. his voracious thirst for knowledge and for this rea- bul Shah) who originally was a Persian by nation- of power have done nothing. Not only that, some type of an unwanted ombudsman- ship when the He encouraged Budhism in the valley but was not son he chose to study under 15 teachers of course ality and Hindu King had given him the shelter. of them had yielded considerable influence in the intolerant of Kashmir Shaivism (Hinduism). He is his first teacher was his father. He established his family rule of Islamic nomen- Central Government also and they could moot the approach should be to welcome several layers of the founder of present Capital city of Srinagar. He monitoring from outside agencies competent in the In his works, he had tried to resolve differences clature by practicing treachery against that ruler idea about real Kashmir culture and Kashmiriat. repaired old Shiva Temples and constructed two of different scriptures by integration in a superior who had given him shelter to live in Kashmir but My practical experience of dealing with thousand respective field in order to have a cross check on new ones. His son Jalauka after him became perspective. He remained unmarried all his life. kept the Sanskrit language as official language till numbers of militants and banned militant organ- technical, financial, regulatory, quality and timeline Monarch of Kashmir and he came under the influ- He lived his life as a writer and a teacher. one of his descendents namely, Sikandar Shah Mir izations inclusive of their prominent leaders have grounds which would make the project a successful- ence of Hinduism. Three centuries later Kashmir There is legend that at the time of his death, he (known as Sikandar Butshikan) ascended the confirmed my belief in the old wise saying that passed under the control of Kaushans. The most took with him 1200 (twelve hundred) disciples and throne and ruled from 1389 to 1413. He imple- when a nation has to be destroyed first of all its ly completed venture. Monitoring of projects other- powerful monarch of this dynasty was Kanishka wise being a multi- faceted task should therefore be marched off to a cave an actual place known even mented an orthodox Islamic religious policy and culture should be whipped out which thing has whose rule extended to North -Western India and upto to this day, (known as Bhairav Cave) recit- with the support of a perverted Kashmiri Pandit been done in Kashmir. Till the bifurcation of the shared rather than restricted to one agency itself. central Asia. Budhism was adopted as State reli- ing his poem "Bhairva-Stava", a devotional work. known by the name of Sua Bhat who converted state as Union Territories the Wahabi culture had Needless to add, this is no new concept calling to be gion and Kashmiri Missionaries carried the mes- They were never to be seen again. Throughout his himself to Islam under the name of Malik Saif-ud- a breeding ground in Kashmir valley to allure the rescinded or reviewed as the Government has exper- sages of Buddhism to China and far of places in life, his activities remained confined in the Din made notorious strenuous efforts to convert youths of impressionable age to fight for the cause South Central Asia. The fourth Budhist Council forecorners of Kashmir valley only. The above the Hindus of Kashmir to Islam and broke hun- of converting the state purely on the basis of reli- imented it with good results in respect of important was held by Kanishka in Kashmir. Keedian Gadyal bridge over river Ravi and several said cave is situated in village Magan on the Sri- dreds of temples, replaced Sanskrit with Persian gion as a Muslim state. But now the tables have The Kushans were succeeded by a number of nagar-Baramulla highway from where .a link road as official language and thereafter caused been turned against those anti national elements other important bridges in the state in the recent past. rulers and during the regime of these kings also leads to connect famous world known resort irreparable loss to Shaivism philosophy. He killed who used to be encouraged by some politicians, Measures aimed at transparency, clarity and profes- Shaivism progressed and Buddhism suffered. namely, Gulmarg. After the hay days of onset mil- so many Hindus and destroyed religious books bureaucrats and over ground workers as well as sional supervision in tandem must be introduced in Then came the rule of Karkota dynasty and the itancy in Kashmir Valley, this place became a noto- and during his time migration of Hindu popula- sleeping cells in the civil society. Now, they are most outstanding king was Lalitaditya who ruled rious hub by way of a breeding ground and pro- tion took place. This trend was reverted when realizing "how so ever high you may be but still all developmental projects especially the one under for 37 years from CE 724-761. Like Alexander the reference with not any optional compliance but as an viding a safe sanctuary of militants and their Zain-ul-Abidin ascended the throne in 1420 and law is above you which means the majesty of law great, he was fervently motivated to be a Con- cohorts. Some years back when Abhinavgupt's continued his rule till 1470. He called back many and rule of law". important ingredient of the entire project. Any wilful queror. His kingdom touched the banks of river day was celebrated throughout the country includ- migrated Hindus and also built some temples. In Undoubtedly, Indian culture does not discrim- deviation from or finding loose or exit holes in the Cauvery in South India and had authority upto ing in the city of Jammu, I had the privilege to pre- history he is known as "Baad-Shah" (Great King). inate any countryman on the basis of his religion, requirement of such a monitoring would invite suspi- Bengal. His one illustrious predecessor had side over the function as Chief Guest. Few Kash- He encouraged Sanskrit language. Muslim Rule caste and creed which is the essence of Hindu remained under the Suzerainty of Emperor Harsh miri Pandit young men who had not migrated from remained in Kashmir valley for 500 years. At the Holy Scriptures mostly written in Sanskrit lan- cion and misgivings wherein motives too could be Varma whose capital was Kannouj (now in UP). attributed. Kashmir Valley laid information in that gathering beginning of Muslim Rule, Hindu population was guage as well as highlighted in later Buddhist reli- In the east of Kashmir Valley - Ladakh and part of to the effect that recently militants had made an 100 percent but after 500 years it was reduced to gion and as well found in different ways in sub- It has been observed in the instant case that Tibet were under his control. Lalitaditya subjugat- unsuccessful attempt to blast the Bhairav Cave. 10 percent. sequent recognized all other religions of the during the last one year the R&B authorities invited ed Emperor Harsh Varma and brought him under Some patriots filed writ petition in the High Court The teaching of Sanskrit in the schools would world. Such a Universal truth has been followed tenders as many as four times for 'arranging to his sway. and succeeded to get a direction for its protection also prove counter-productive against Jehadi and reiterated by the Supreme Court in a decision Lalitaditya was fond of scholars and he by the Government. It is undoubtedly a National teachings which believe in supremacy of their self given in the case titled Ismail Farooqui v/s Union select' the requisite third party for monitoring the brought Abhigupt to Kashmir who was a project but it is beyond comprehension as to why the Monument of Historic importance and as such propounded doctrines of the destruction and may- of India and others1994(6) SCC 360 which is also renowned and an accomplished scholar of Kan- demands its protection and preservation through hem. These anti human teachings flourished in known as Ayodhya Case. Honourable Justice A. same were cancelled under the alibi of 'technical nouj state. In Kashmir Lalitaditya granted big the intervention of Central Government too. 106 Madarssas in 1990 which were established to M. Ahmedi and Justice SP Bharucha had praised reasons' and that also repeatedly. Why every time estate to him as well as got house built for him. A The last recognized master of the oral tradition perpetuate Islamic "Wahabism cult". I had the Hindu religion's secularism by stating: - "Hin- the tenders were withdrawn through corrigendum, little more than two hundred years thereafter, a of Kashmir Shaivism, Swami Lakshman Joo gave opportunity to study their barbaric curriculum as duism is a tolerant faith, which has enabled Islam, great saint of international importance and unpar- a condensed version of the important philosophi- Chairman of the Tribunal established to Judicial- Christianity, Zoroastrainism, Judaism, Budhism, the latest one being that of September 23, this year. allel exponent of Kashmir Shaivism was born in The corrigendum of the department just mentioned, cal chapters of "Tantarloka" in his book, "Kash- ly adjudicate on the Administrative Ban imposed Jainism and Sikhism to find shelter and support of the family of Abhigupt. He was so extraordinary mir Shavism - The Secret Supreme". on this ancillary organization namely, Falai-Am- this land". that instead of his real family name his spiritual "Due to technical reasons the e-tender invited for the His philosophy, arguments and reasoning are trust (educational wing of its parental militant (The writer is a trustee of Samaskrit Bharti as well as Member guru Shambhu Nath with consensus of other spir- above mentioned work is hereby withdrawn." Under based on logic. There should be research on his organization namely J&K Jamait-e-Islami). Dur- of Governing Council, National Foundation for Communal itual masters of that time gave him the name title whose explicit instructions was this deviation built teachings and works which are based upon ing Governor Shri Jagmohan's rule, 700 teachers Harmony, Government of India.) of Abhinavgupt carrying a meaning of "Compe- up? "humanism and non-dualism" as propounded by engaged in Falai-Am-trust educational wing were [email protected] The question which is very pertinent is whether the tendering process was just to showcase the requirements of formality having been 'met' since Takeaways from Haryana, Maharashtra polls the process was not taken to its logical ends seri- ously and sincerely only to prepare ground for con- Anil Anand mating the sentiments of the peo- was a fluke and the opposition da setting in the form of Pakistan who were fighting with unem- regnum with using all pervading ple and ignoring their local needed to put its act together? occupied Kashmir being the next ployment, farmers' woes includ- nationalism as means to cover siderations outside the scope of the guidelines, pro- lectoral battles in India needs. The diversionary shield The rise of Modi phenome- target of the government. ing suicides in Maharashtra and caste politics did deliver but it cedures and checks and balances exercise? It is have taken a different which the two leaders had non since 2014 was the story of Article 370 and PoK issues worrisome scenario emerging has by and large failed in state worth noting that the project guidelines have it that Edimension ever since the painstakingly developed and that hope and expectations. Whatev- have created an emotional appeal out of economic slowdown. elections. The latest example is Narendra Modi phenomenon worked effectively election after er he has been saying people as these were linked with nation- The moral of the electoral what happened in Haryana and 3% of the project cost is entitled for the Authority's took the centre stage just ahead Engineering consultancy which is being shared by election somehow did not show have believed him and in the alism while targeting Pakistan. story is that the bread and butter reflections were there to be felt of the 2014 Lok Sabha elections. the desired results. Ostensibly process accepted the agenda set But these issues could not attract issues cannot be ignored unless in Maharashtra. the Roads and Buildings itself. Maintenance for four From there on every election, aware that setting developmen- by him no matter whether it per- attention of people in Haryana the nation is passing through an The third significant take- years of the bridge after its commissioning otherwise from Lok Sabha down to block tal agenda is different from ful- tained to redressal of their local and Maharashtra as they were emergency situation particular- away and which augurs well for levels, has become an interesting had to be seen and ensured by the construction filling it actually on ground, the issues or not. Atime comes in the beset with their own issues and ly on account of external aggres- democratic polity is the rejec- case study throwing some inter- duo created an effective wall of life of a government or a ruling problems of survival. sion and related factors. And tion of defectors by the people. agency, the joint venture engaged in construction esting facets some unknown ear- hyper-nationalism and Hinduta- party when a crucial balance has Does that suggest that people more importantly, be it the A new factor rather a vice was works , too had the chances of being affected due lier. The recently held election to va to cover the failures on the to be struck between promises of the two states are less patriot- national or local elections and introduced by the BJP managers to violation of the guidelines of MORTH by the R&B Haryana and Maharashtra development front. It worked made-hopes raised, and the actu- ic? No way. And if at any given more so on the latter account, the of making the sitting Department in respect of third party monitoring. assemblies is no exception. It has wonders in the past as they suc- al delivery on ground. All this time the BJP strategists try to promises should be proportion- certain takeaways and definitely MPs/MLAs of other parties to However, if the professional dexterity and compe- ceeded emotionally embedding while there is no space for losing give this turn to explain their ate to the capacity to deliver. resign and field them as BJPcan- lessons both for the ruling BJP the people, by and large, in this sight of the local issues and prob- not-too-impressive perform- Shifting or setting new agen- tence to the levels of required levels of satisfaction in and the main opposition Con- didates. It worked for the BJP to twin agenda in which Pakistan lems that is what resulted in ance in these elections, they da on monthly or quarterly basis improve its position in Rajya respect of third party monitoring are possessed by gress. factor acted as a strong catalyst. cracks in BJP's fortunes in would do it at their own peril. without showing tangible results Sabha and also in some Lok Sab- the R&B Department and who reportedly could do it The lone exception this time, There is no doubt the emotions Haryana and Maharashtra. There are three clear take- on ground could add to the prob- ha and assembly bi-elections. since 2014 general elections, were high on account of this There has been a dichoto- on their own, as the sense or the feel is derived, why aways from these elections more lems for any ruling party and However, this time it was total- were tenders floated at all and what about the was that the BJP after reaching agenda but it did not get convert- mous imbalance between hopes from the BJP perspective but not more so of the current times. the pinnacle of its electoral glo- ed into votes to the extent the BJP raised and actual delivery which ly rejected by the people as a mandatory provision of Third Party Monitoring like irrelevant to even Congress-led Mere periodic declarations or on result BJP lost a Lok Sabha and ry thereby ruling better part of strategists must have expected. in all probability an over-confi- opposition for their future lest important dates and days to issues, remain riddles not solved. the country, had a setback of And there lay the change which dent BJP leadership ignored. couple of assembly bi-elections they also follow the BJP strate- claim total success of a project that included in Gujarat. sorts. Although it will form the has raised certain questions. Instead of rectification and com- gy. within a " record time" while the government in both the states but Did the BJP falter in its firm ing to terms with themselves in The take away for Congress Disabled and octogenarians First and foremost the BJP ground realities point to a differ- or the opposition is that, do not with a greater reliance on its belief of offering a fate accompli terms of results achieved on the needs to realise that the national ent direction, cannot convince shy away from the situations and allies and in the process ceding to people in terms of setting an ground, they seemed to have issues including hyper national- people/voters at all times. do not wilt under pressure of past to vote through postal ballot some space. This situation has electoral agenda? Is the Modi relied heavily on continue offer- ism cannot be used to ignore The second takeaway from defeats. They must bear in mind hat any type of physical disability or the con- arisen because the saffron party magic beginning to slide thereby ing a fate accompli without people's problems and local con- this round of elections is that that the political situation can has not been able to achieve its necessitating a relook into his expected results. cerns. Top on the saffron party's caste equations is unfortunately straints of matured age over 80 years should take a turn any moment and that over-ambitious goals which its electoral strategies heavily The Modi-Shah duo went all agenda were hyper-nationalism is a reality and cannot be ignored come in between the right to vote and the mobil- after delivering a judgement in T leaders, read Prime Minister backed by a centralised system? out in playing the hyper-nation- and Pakistan with its role in be it the national or state level ity aspect has been resolved by their exercising the Narendra Modi and the party From the opposition's point of alism card. Their entire cam- Kashmir and how partial abro- elections. Modi's experimenta- one election people keep the oth- option of voting through postal ballot. Not only was the chief, Amit Shah, had set. view the most important question paign was centred-around partial gation of Article 370 would rid tion in 2014/2019 Lok Sabha er one close to their hearts and welcome move of the Government going to help the There overconfidence caved- arising out of this scenario was if abrogation of Article 370 and Kashmir of all problems. But it elections and in some assembly the final delivery could be concerned group but was going to lead to an increase in in front of the ground realities it really worked hard to check portrayed as some kind of a did not cut ice with the people and civic polls held in the inter- weighed by any factor. that included over or underesti- BJP juggernaut or the outcome macho act and yet another agen- [email protected] in voter turnout which in most cases continues to be otherwise not heavy commensurate with the democ- racy and democratic set up gaining deep roots in Durbar move Run for unity India with every passing year. Sir, Sir, ty of Sardar Vallab Bhai Patel in Gujarat. It is no doubt a A slight departure in the existing procedure to great symbol of unity and a real tribute to that great noble Apropose article "Durbar move : a raging controversy'' by K N Pandita in Daily extend the scheme or the facility of voting through No doubt unity is the inborn natural trait in every Indi- soul.His contribution is matchless in the history.He unit- Excelsior of November 2, 2019 there seems one more possibility in addition to his postal ballot to the disabled and the seniors over 80 an but in order to explore and awaken this virtue among ed all the then disintegrated self sovereign states and dif- valuable predictions and possibilities for creating a new site of secretariat some- Indians ,they are always in want of a strong and decisive ferent independent regions after the partition of India.Run years of age was perhaps long overdue which was where downstream of Verinag. I fully agree with his views that Jammu people will leadership.There is a need of a strong motivator for brin- for unity event on his birthday is the real tribute and to the restricted to the armed forces and the personnel protest and oppose this proposal. Morever, if any suitable site is identified in Jam- ing such a wave of nationalism and patriotism among Indi- gem of India's soil.Run for unity event organized in differ- engaged in poll duties only. The decision to this effect mu province, obviously people of Kashmir also may not accept it. In such dilemma, ans. During the freedom movement Mahatma Gandhi ent corners of the country boosted the spirit of national- should have come decades earlier as the people in a balanced view to satisfy both the regions, would be to convert union territory of performed the role of a torch bearer. ism and unity among Indians. both the categories, generally speaking, are unable to Jammu and Kashmir into two separate states with already established their own sep- After independence Sardar Vallab Bhai Patel popular- No doubt youngsters are playing very active role in this arate secretariates. Moreover, now article 370 and 35A have been abolished so con- ly known as an Iron man of India played his decisive role reach the polling booths to cast their vote and are event with enthusiasm and zeal.And this was the main verting Jammu and Kashmir into two states may not be any political hurdle as was in bringing and binding the people in the fabric of unity and termed as 'absentee voters'. Democratic right, that of motive behind this public event.The onlookers also got casting vote by an Indian citizen must be exercised anticipated prior to August 5 scenario. In this way, there will be no need to construct integrity . Run for unity plays a pivotal role now a days to another secretariat, involving tremendous expenditure as existing secretariats in Jam- enthralled by this event of unity.Moreover, there is also the positively to make democracy more vibrant and strong create nationalism among youngsters of this country.Run- mu and Srinagar have enough capacities to cater the needs of their respective states. ning no doubt is a useful hobby for one's physique as well need of such events during current scenario of the country in the country and all facilities must be provided by the If this proposal is accepted, then nearly two centuries old practice of Durbar Move as an important event for bringing a wave of unity among when different international and some hidden anti-nation- Government in that direction. The decision of allowing after every six months, involving nearly 400 crore rupees, will also come to an end. people. al forces are regularly designing their divide agenda against the disabled and those otherwise over 80 years of age K S Jamwal Modi who is well known as hear-throb of millions our country.Run for unity is a strong reply to such distruc- to cast their vote through postal ballot is a giant step in Ex Dy Director General knows better how to awaken the spirit of nationalism and tive forces and elements. that direction. Geological Survey of India patriotism in Indians. He has built the tallest Statue of Uni- Shyam Sudan