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Ancient Indian Law
Introduction to Dharmashastras 1 1 INTRODUCTION TO DHARMASHASTRAS The Dharmashastras are bound to shock the sensibilities of many educated modern men and women. These scriptures belong to an age when people conducted their lives based on certain beliefs, values, traditions and assumptions. It is not fair to judge them based on our present day values and social norms. On the positive side Hinduism marched ahead while these law books lost their relevance and fell aside into the dustbin of history. The books have become relics of the past while Hinduism assimilated new currents of thought and transformed itself into a progressive, evolving and expanding religious tradition. Dharma is a very elaborate concept of Hinduism which we have described elsewhere. Its principal aim is to preserve the world order (Rta), by maintaining its overall structure, basic values and innate harmony. According to Hinduism, one of the main functions of the Divinities is to protect the creation by maintaining the Dharma in all the worlds. The rules of Dharma are not universal. They are bound to time and space and are subject to perennial change. They are also not applicable to all human beings or the entire creation. At the highest level of human or divine existence, when man transcends his animal nature and the qualities of the three gunas, there are actually no laws to govern him, because in the transcendental planes there are no bounds, only awareness, understanding and an overwhelming sense of love and understanding. In truth, he governs himself, very much like God, out of a sense of self responsibility and lack of desires. -
D. D. Kosambi History and Society
D. D. KOSAMBI ON HISTORY AND SOCIETY PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY, BOMBAY PREFACE Man is not an island entire unto himself nor can any discipline of the sciences or social sciences be said to be so - definitely not the discipline of history. Historical studies and works of historians have contributed greatly to the enrichment of scientific knowledge and temper, and the world of history has also grown with and profited from the writings in other branches of the social sciences and developments in scientific research. Though not a professional historian in the traditional sense, D. D. Kosambi cre- ated ripples in the so-called tranquil world of scholarship and left an everlasting impact on the craft of historians, both at the level of ideologi- cal position and that of the methodology of historical reconstruction. This aspect of D. D. Kosambi s contribution to the problems of historical interpretation has been the basis for the selection of these articles and for giving them the present grouping. There have been significant developments in the methodology and approaches to history, resulting in new perspectives and giving new meaning to history in the last four decades in India. Political history continued to dominate historical writings, though few significant works appeared on social history in the forties, such as Social and Rural Economy of North- ern India by A. N. Bose (1942-45); Studies in Indian Social Polity by B. N. Dutt (1944), and India from Primitive Communism to Slavery by S. A. Dange (1949). It was however with Kosambi’s An Introduction to the study of Indian History (1956), that historians focussed their attention more keenly on modes of production at a given level of development to understand the relations of production - economic, social and political. -
Sahasa and Mahasahasa . from the Editor in Chief's Desk
NEWSLETTER YOGTANTRAGAMA ISSN NO: 2454-888X Issue 8 333322 YOGTANTRAGAMA ISSN NO: 2454-888X April-June 2017 From the Editor in Chief’s desk: By Swami Paranand Tirth EDITOR IN CHIEF: SWAMI PARANAND TIRTH . or the séance. The means to get established in Sahasa and mahasahasa . the asana are lax efforts and absorption in Ananta or the principle of infinity . The penultimate effort to enter the realm of effortlessness has been defined as Anupaya or (प्रय配नशैथि쥍यमनंतसमापत्配तभ्याम)् the absence of all means . The negation of upaya or means does not mean that there is no The only effort required here is relaxing all means but means there can be no means . From strenuous effort that an aspirant in the beginning a bit grosser perspective let us reflect on asana puts in . Effortlessness leads to the unison with YOGTANTRAGAMA ISSN NO: 2454-888X | Issue8 2 your essential nature; the more you strive more Dhyana are rather introverted convergence of strongly do you adhere to the projections of awareness which can be had not by exercising your lower nature . Usually there is an aberrant ones power of will or action or knowledge but conception that Shambhava Upaya must be by avoiding all efforts .Beyond this point only preceded by an assiduous practice of Shakta faith and devotion or the munificence of the Upaya; after receiving the anugraha in the guru is the only impetus. form of shaktipata or some other type one can intuitively experience the futility of all efforts or More you exert more you deviate and at times upayas especially when the objective is to seek move in just the opposite direction ! unison with one’s essential nature. -
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PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com THE NILAMATA PURANA A BRIEF SURVEY Copyright © 2007 by Kashmir News Network (KNN) (http://iKashmir.net) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Kashmir News Network. For permission regarding publication, send an e-mail to [email protected] PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 THE NILAMATA PURANA.................................................................................................1 2.0 THE NILAMATPURANAM AND KASHMIR....................................................................7 3.0 LIVING RITUALS OF NILMAT PURANA......................................................................11 4.0 ART, CULTURE AND FOOD............................................................................................15 5.0 POSITION OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT KASHMIR.........................................................21 Kashmir News Network i http://ikashmir.net PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Kashmir News Network ii http://ikashmir.net PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial -
Naga Worship in Jammu & Kashmir
[VOLUME 4 I ISSUE 4 I OCT. – DEC 2017] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 Naga Worship in Jammu & Kashmir Meenu Chib Scholar of PHD (History Department) University of Jammu. Received Oct. 27, 2017 Accepted Dec. 01, 2017 Origin: Naga worship most properly referred to as Naga cult in India is one of the oldest and wide spread forms of religion1. There is indication of snake worship in Egypt, Greece, and even in ancient Harappan culture of India2. The evidence of their worship can be traced with the help of various sources like the Harappan figurines, the Vedic literature, Puranas, Epics, Buddhist literature. There is evidence to suggest of veneration of snakes by Indus valley people. Naga worship existed in the Rigveda and various passages of Atharvaveda refers to the group of serpents and one referring to six serpents as the wardens or protectors of six quarters represented as a charm to win the favor of the serpent of all the region under heaven. Various Puranas like MatsyaPurana, PadmaPurana etc., also glorified the cult. Even in Buddhist literature, they were represented as animals or supernatural beings and had been depicted in various Jataka stories as listening to the sermons of Lord Budhha3. Even Alexander had noted the worship of snakes by Indians. Since he had conquered only the North Western regions, such worship, as noted by Arrian, must have been a feature of Punjab and the lower regions of Kashmir4. Even Chinese pilgrims Fa-Hian5 and Yuan Chwang6 refer to Nagas many a time. -
Amarnath Yatra: Occasion to Revisit the Indian Institution of Tirtha
VIF Occasional Paper June - 2012 Amarnath Yatra: Occasion to Revisit the Indian Institution of Tirtha Anirban Ganguly Amarnath Yatra: Occasion to Revisit the Indian Institution of Tirtha 2 of 26 About The Author Anirban Ganguly is an Associate Fellow with the Vivekananda International Foundation. His areas of expertise include Civilisational and Cultural Studies, Indian Political Thought, Contemporary Indian Political History, Philosophy of Education. http://www.vifindia.org © Vivekananda International Foundation Amarnath Yatra: Occasion to Revisit the Indian Institution of Tirtha 3 of 26 Amarnath Yatra: Occasion to Revisit the Indian Institution of Tirtha I. Perennial Religiosity of Kashmir Kalhana, the legendary chronicler of Kashmir is known to have boasted that ‘in his native land there was not the space which a grain of sesame would cover that had not its tirtha.’ He mentions about a dozen tirthas (pilgrim spots, kshetras) in the region. The intrepid Al Beruni (C.E. 973-1048) in his record of travels in India mentions Hindus as visiting their holy places in Kashmir. Akbar’s vizier Abul Fazl (1551-1602) in his celebrated Ain-i- Akbari did not fail to mention that the ‘Hindus regard all Kashmir as holy land’ and that in it ‘forty-five places are dedicated to Mahadeo, sixty-four to Bishen, three to Brahma and twenty-two to Durga.’ Fazl also noted that there were seven-hundred places that had ‘carved figures of snakes’ [Nāgas] that Hindus worship. A look at a number of past chronicles and works on Kashmir proves beyond doubt that the region had a certain centrality in the spiritual and religious imagination of the Hindus. -
Essence of Hindu Festivals & Austerities
ESSENCE OF HINDU FESTIVALS AND AUSTERITIES Edited and translated by V.D.N.Rao, former General Manager of India Trade Promotion Organization, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi now at Chennai 1 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:- Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu Essence of Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana Essence of Paraashara Smtiti Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Dharma Bindu Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda- Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ (Quintessence of Upanishads) Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras* Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana*- Also Essence of Knowledge of Numbers Essence of Narada Charitra Essence Neeti Chandrika* [Note: All the above Scriptures already released on www. Kamakoti. Org/news as also on Google by the respective references. The one with * is under process] 2 PREFACE Dharma and Adharma are the two wheels of Life‟s Chariot pulling against each other. -
Essence of Shrimad Bhagavad Gita
1 ESSENCE OF BHAGAVAD GITA Translated and interpreted byV.D.N.Rao, former General Manager, India Trade Promotion Organization, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, now at Chennai 1 2 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:-Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda- Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers -Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu - Dharma Bindu - Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana-Essence of Paraashara Smriti- Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda- Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ -Essence of Maha Narayanopanishad; Essence of Maitri Upanishad Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata- Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana- Essence of Knowledge of Numbers for students Essence of Narada -
Art and Culture in Ancient Kashmir
The Wonder That Was Kashmir Subhash Kak Kashmir’s geographical location partly explains is cultural history. It may be that its natural beauty and temperate climate are the reasons that Kashmiris have a strong tradition in the arts, literature, painting, drama, and dance. Its relative isolation, the security provided by the ring of mountains around it, and its distance from the heartland of Indian culture in the plains of North India, might explain the originality of Kashmiri thought. Its climate and the long winters may explain the Kashmiri fascination for philosophical speculation. Kashmir is at the centre of the Puranic geography. In the Puranic conception, the earth's continents are arranged in the form of a lotus flower. Mt. Meru stands at the center of the world, the pericarp or seed-vessel of the flower, as it were, surrounded by circular ranges of mountains. Around Mt. Meru, like the petals of the lotus, are arranged four island- continents (dvipas), aligned to the four points of the compass: Uttarakuru to the north, Ketumala to the west, Bhadrashva to the east, and Bharata or Jambudvipa to the south. The meeting point of the continents is the Meru mountain, which is the high Himalayan region around Kashmir, Uttarakuru represents Central Asia including Tocharia, Ketumala is Iran and lands beyond, Bhadrashva is China and the Far East. Kashmir’s centrality in this scheme was a recognition that it was a meeting ground for trade and ideas for the four main parts of the Old World. In fact it became more than a meeting ground, it was the land where an attempt was made to reconcile opposites by deeper analysis and bold conception. -
Hinduism in Kashmir
PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Hinduism in Kashmir Page Intentionally Left Blank ii KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)). PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Hinduism in Kashmir HHiinndduuiissmm iinn KKaasshhmmiirr First Edition, August 2002 KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)) iii PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Hinduism in Kashmir Contents page Contents......................................................................................................................................v 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................1-2 2 Kashmiri Hindus and the Caste System............................................................................2-3 3 Henzae: A Folk Genre Viewed Afresh.............................................................................3-6 4 The Nilamata Purana......................................................................................................4-14 4.1 Date........................................................................................................................4-14 4.2 Out-line of the contents..........................................................................................4-14 4.3 Birth of 'Kasmira'...................................................................................................4-15 4.4 -
Essence of Brahma Sutras
ESSENCE OF BRAHMA SUTRAS Edited by V.D.N.Rao, Former General Manager of India Trade Promotion Organisation, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India , Pragati Maidan, New Delhi now at Chennai. Other Scriptures by same Author Essence of Puranas:- Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers Purana Saaraamsha Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu Essence of Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana Essence of Paraashara Smtiti Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Dharma Bindu Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda- Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ (Quintessence of Upanishads) Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata* Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti* Essence of Brahma Sutras* [Note: All the above Scriptures already released on www. Kamakoti. Org/news as also on Google by the respective references. The one with * is under process] Foreword Brahma Sutras (maxims or dictums about Brahma) comprise four Adhyaayas or Chapters, sixteen Padas or Sections, two hundred twenty three Adhikaranas or Topics and five hundred fifty five Sutras. The First Chapter deals with Samanvaya or Reconciliation by way of Interpretation, the Second Chapter is called Avirodha or non-contraditiction, the Third Chapter relates to Sadhana or Spiritual Practice and finally the Phala or the Accomplishment. -
Essence of Ganesha Mahima
ESSENCE OF GANESHA MAHIMA ( GANESHA PURANA SAARAAMSHA ADDED) V.D. N. Rao 1 Compiled, composed and interpreted by V.D.N.Rao, former General Manager, India Trade Promotion Organisation, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, now at Chennai. Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:-Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers -Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu - Dharma Bindu - Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana-Essence of Paraashara Smriti Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda-Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ (Quintessence of Upanishads) Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata- Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana- Also Essence of Knowledge of Numbers Essence