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ESSENCE OF BRIHADARANYAKA UPANISHAD Translated and interpreted by V.D.N. Rao, Former General Manager, India Trade Promotion Organisation, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi now at Chennai 1 Other Scriptures by same Author Essence of Puranas:- Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana; Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama: Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bharata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama; Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha-A Shield of Prayers Purana Saaramsha Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu Essence of Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana Essence of Brahma Sutras (awaiting release) Essence of Amaranatha Yatra Essence of Paraashara Smriti Essence of Pradhana Tirthas Essence of Upanishads: Atreya, Chhandogya, Isha, Katha, Taittiriya Note: All the above Scriptures released on www. kamakoti. org/news as also on Google by the respective references] 2 PREFACE The Essence of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is an attempt in the series of the Essence of Pradhana Upanishads. Five of these have already been released vide the website of kamakoti.org/news viz. Atreya, Chhandogya, Isha, Kaha and Taittiriya so far. The intention is provide the Sanskrit base and simple translation of meaning in English, without resorting to esoteric explanations and descriptive annotations. However the slant in the translation is within the frame work of Adi Shankara Bhashya, while various Schools of Thought for each of the Upanishads are in prevalence as per their own disciplines. It is stated that there are as many as 108 Upanishads as follows: 1) Mukhyopanishads: Atreya, Brihadaranya,Chhanodgya, Isha, Katha, Kaushitaki, Kena, Maitriyi, Manduka, Prashna and Mandukya Upanishads; 2) Samanyopanishads: Atmabodha, Mudgala, Vajra soochi, Mahad, Savitri, Sarvasaara, Skanda, Shariraka, Ekaakshara, Akshi, Praanaagnihotra, Subala, Manitraka, Niraalamba, Pingala, Adhyatmika, Muktika, Surya, Atma Upanishads; 3) Sanyasopanishads: Nirvana, Aruneya, Maitreyani, Maitreya, Sanyasa, Kundika, Brahma, Swetashwatara, Garbha, Tejobindu, Avadhuta, Katha Rudra, Varaha, Jabala, Parama hamsa, Advaya taraka, Bhikshu, Turiyaatika, Yagnyavalkya, Satyayani, Narada Parivrajaka, Parama hamsa parivrajaka, Parabrahma, Tripura Upanishads; 4) Shaakteyopanishads: Tripuyra, Soubhagya, Bahvarcha, Saraswati Rahasya, Sita, Annapurana, Devi, Tripuraatapaani, Bhavana Upanidhads; 5) Vaishnavopanishads: Vaasudeva, Avyakta, Narayana, Kali santaarana, Taaraasaara, Narasimhataapani, Tripadvibhuti, Rama -rahasya, Ramaataapani, Gopaalataapani, Krishna, Hayagriva, Dattatreya, Garuda Upanishads; 6) Shaivopanishads: Akshamaalika, Rudrakha, Jaabala, Swetashvatara, Kaivalya, Kalagni Rudra, Dakshinamurti, Rudra hridaya, Pancha Brahma, Shira, Atharva shikha, Brihad Jabala, Sharabha, Bhava, Ganapati; and 7) Yogopa -nishads:Nadabindu, Yogakundalini, Hamsa, Trishikhi, Mandala Brahmana, Shandilya, Paashupata, Maha Vakya. The plan is to profile the Mukhyopanishads in the Series of Essence of Pradhanopanishads being planned. I am ever beholden to the benign blessings of HH Vijayendra Saraswati of Kanchi Mutt for his constant inspiration and spiritual guidance that he has bestowed on me in abundance. My grateful prostrations to his grace for his continued blessings to me and all the members of my family. VDN Rao Chennai 3 CONTENTS PAGE Preface 3 Chapter One of Six Brahmanas: 4 (i) Ashwamwedha Yagna (ii) Hiranyagarbha’s own body as the Sacrifice and the resultant Creation of the Universe (iii) Devasura Srishti and origin of ‘Udgeeta’ as a powerful medium to control Evil Forces; (iv) Prajapati’s ‘Ahamasmi’ or ‘I am Myself’ manifests Purusha and Prakriti - Creation of Beings including Upadevas like Rudraadityas (v) Prajapati’s pair creates fathers, food, rituals, mind, speech and ‘Praana’ (vi) Naama, Rupa, Karma -or Name, Form and Work- of Individual Self. Chapter Two of Six Brahmanas: 19 (i) Ajatasghatru- Balaki Gargya ‘samvaada’: step by step analysis of Brahman; Brahma Vidya; three Stages of Awakenness- Dream- Death (ii) Origin of Human Beings with body parts and sensory organs as also the corresponding Sapta Rishis (iii) Mortal and Immortal ‘Swarupas’of Individual Selves and the Supreme (iv) Yagjnyavalkya-Maitreyi ‘samvada’detailing material resources vis-à-vis Salvation and Unity of Individual Self and Brahman (v) Madhu Vidya or the doctrine of honey as applicable to all the Beings, Elements, Concepts and the Self (vi) Madhu Vidya taught by Dadhyan Rishi to Ashwini Devatas assuming horse heads- the unique link between the Individual Self and the Supreme. Chapter Three of nine Brahmanas: 34 (i) Madhu Kaanda Vamsha Teachers on Scriptural Authentication of the link between the Self and the Supreme (ii) Yagjnyavalkya-Ashwala wordy duel at Janaka’s horse sacrifice and the Maharshi declared as the best of the Congregation of the Learned since human bondage by ‘Grahas’ and ‘Atigrahas’ controlling the Organs would end by death and subsequent transmigration of the Souls takes place as decided by the ‘Paapa-Punya’ accounts (iii) Supremacy of Horse Sacrifice performed by Gandharvas and extra territorial Beings too for Salvation - Yagjnyavalkya- Gandharva ‘samvaada’ on Cosmic Vital Force (iv) Gross body perishes and opens a fresh account of Karma Phala while Subtle Body lasts for ever as evidenced by ‘Praana’ or ‘Vayu’the ever present (v) Equation of Antaratma and Paramatma logically leads to quest for Brahman by means of renunciation (vi) Pursuit beyond the warf and woof of the cloth of Creation, Nature and Universe (vii) ‘Sutra’ or the thread between Brahman and the Self is Vayu-the subtle entity connecting the Five Elements, body organs and senses, praana and the past-present-future, but none realises the link except Brahman himself! (viii) The Sutra is the connector to the two halves of the Cosmic Shell while the process of ‘neti neti’ or ‘not this not this’ leads to Ultimate Reality! (ix) Yagjnyavalkya-Shakalya samvada about the worship worthy Devas viz. Rudras, Adityas,Vasus, Indra and Prajapati, besides Matter, Vital Force and so on! Chapter Four of six Brahmanas: 54 4 (i) Refinement of the concept of Brahman: Speech,Vision, Hearing, Mind and Heart (ii) Gross, Subtle, Causal bodies of Self-Supreme in explicit and implicit forms (iii) Janaka- Yagjnyavalkya’s deep session on proven Identity of Self-Supreme entities as these are mutual reflections ; Identity of Self- Supreme despite the former’s awaken and dream change over stages (iv) Mortal life’s final stage described as caterpillar reaches the edge of grass and holds another grass for support (v) Yagjnyavalkya-Maitreyi samvada on Causative fullness to derivative causation in view of the cause and effect syndrome (vi) The tradition of Guru-Sishya. Chapter Five of fifteen Brahmanas: 71 (i) ‘Purnamada, Purnamidam, Purnaat purnamudacyate’: This and that are Full ; from fullness is derived fullness and even if fullness is exhausted, still fullness prevails for ever! In other words, causative fullness is derivative causation; that is the Cause and Effect Syndrome (ii) Damayita-Daana-Daya or Control- Charity- Compassion constitute the three seeds of Virtue (iii) Prajapati’s heart or ‘hri-da-ya’ acts with qualities of Ushering- Giving-Securing which direct a human being’s name-form-work (iv) Prajapati Brahman’s hridaya is also the seat of Intellect as the varied appearance of Truth highlighting the Gross and Subtle Forms of Brahman as True, Absolute, Real, and Magnificent! (v)Satya Brahman manifests as Water, Surya and ‘Bhurbhuvaswah’(vi) Mind is the key indicator of Reality and Falsity as Yogis subdue it and sift the Truth and Untruth (vii) Vidyut Brahman or lightnings flashing darkness and highlighting Paramatma (viii) Vaak Brahman focusses speech connoting Vedas ans Scriptures declaring loud about Truth and Untruth (ix) Vishwaanara Agni Brahman proclaims his splendour and clearly distinguish Truth and Untruth (x) Vaayu Brahma or Praana deva demonstrates his prowess by his ready presence or absence and segregate Truth and Untruth (xi) Austerities like fasting and detachment embolden to face death seeking better status in the life ahead! (xii) Seekers of Brahman do realise the role of food and praana as inevitable factors of existence for seeking better comfort subsequently! (xiii) Meditation to Praana by Ukta Geeta facilitates unification of the body and the Soul!(xiv) Gayatri’s worship unifies Praana with Agni to burn off body pollutions and heaps of sins and heralds new pastures (xv) Prayerse to Surya Deva, Agni and Vayu to lead to Brahman / Self indeed. Chapter Six of five Brahmanas: 79 (i) Vasishathatva or Superiority of Praana over all the body organs and their corresponding faculties (ii) Panchala King Pravahana and Gautama Samvada on the travel pattern of a Good Soul after death, and as per Karma Phala enter the smoke zone of ether and travel to Pitru-Chandraadi lokas and after enjoying the company of Devas as stipulated by time return back to earth through ether/ rain as destined as a plant or insect or animal or a human again (iii) The methodology of Agni Karya by offering Sacrificial ‘Mantha’ or paste of fig wood and
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    BHOGA-BHAAGYA-YOGYATA LAKSHMI ( FULFILLMENT AS ONE DESERVES) Edited, compiled, and translated by VDN Rao, Retd. General Manager, India Trade Promotion Organization, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, currently at Chennai 1 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:-Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu Essence of Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana Essence of Paraashara Smtiti Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Dharma Bindu Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda- Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ (Quintessence of Upanishads) Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana- Also Essence of Knowledge of Numbers Essence of Narada Charitra; Essence Neeti Chandrika-Essence of Hindu Festivals and Austerities- Essence of Manu Smriti*- Quintessence of Manu Smriti* - *Essence of Pratyaksha Bhaskara- Essence of Maha Narayanopanishad*-Essence of Vidya-Vigjnaana-Vaak Devi* Note: All the above Scriptures already released on www.
  • 8. Krishna Karnamrutam

    8. Krishna Karnamrutam

    Sincere Thanks To: 1. SrI nrusimha SEva rasikan, Oppiliappan Koil V.SaThakOpan swAmi, Editor- In-Chief of sundarasimham-ahobilavalli kaimkaryam for kindly editing and hosting this title in his eBooks series. 2. Mannargudi Sri.Srinivasan NarayaNan swami for compilation of the source document and providing Sanskrit/Tamil Texts and proof reading 3. The website http://www.vishvarupa.com for providing the cover picture of Sri GuruvAyUrappan 4. Nedumtheru Sri.Mukund Srinivasan,Sri.Lakshminarasimhan Sridhar, www.sadagopan.org www.sadagopan.org Smt.Krishnapriya for providing images. 5. Smt.Krishnapriya for providing the biography of Sri Leela Sukhar for the appendix section and 6. Smt. Jayashree Muralidharan for eBook assembly C O N T E N T S Introduction 1 Slokams and Commentaries 3 Slokam 1 -10 5-25 Slokam 11 - 20 26-44 Slokam 21 - 30 47-67 Slokam 31 - 40 69-84 www.sadagopan.org www.sadagopan.org Slokam 41 - 50 86-101 Slokam 51 - 60 103-119 Slokam 61 - 70 121-137 Slokam 71 - 80 141-153 Slokam 81 - 90 154-169 Slokam 91 - 100 170-183 Slokam 101 - 110 184-201 nigamanam 201 Appendix 203 Brief Biography of Sri Leelaa Sukhar 205 Complete List of Sundarasimham-ahobilavalli eBooks 207 www.sadagopan.org www.sadagopan.org SrI GuruvAyUrappan . ïI>. ïIlIlazukkiv ivrictm! . ïIk«:[k[aRm&tm!. KRISHNAAKARNAAMRTAM OF LEELASUKA X×W www.sadagopan.org ABOUT THE AUTHOR The name of the author of this slokam is Bilavamangala and he acquired the name Leelasuka because of his becoming immersed in the leela of KrishNa and describing it in detail like Sukabrahmarshi.
  • Gender Equality and Ancient Indian Culture: a Study

    Gender Equality and Ancient Indian Culture: a Study

    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 7 Issue 08 Ver. III ||August. 2018 || PP 22-26 Gender equality and ancient Indian culture: A study Atasi Mahapatra Assistant Professor, Department of PhilosophySahid Matangini Hazra Govt. College for women W.B, India. ABSTRACT: This paper demonstrate notion of gender equality, and its nature as well as status of women in ancient Indian culture. Gender equality between men and women means that different behaviour; aspirations and needs of women and men are considered, valued and favoured equally. But in ancient India specially, in Indus valley civilization, women had a respectable position in society. In early Vedic period, there was plethora of Goddesses to respect for women. In Vedic society women participated in religious ceremony and tribal assemblies. Widows could remarry and child marriages were unknown in society. But, in the later Vedic period, the position of women gradually deteriorated. The period clearly sees the growing tendency to stratify society along gender lines. Women lost their political rights. Child marriage, the system of Sati emerged in the shape of a formal custom during later Vedic period. But in Buddhist and Jain culture women were accorded respect and their rightful place in society. KEYWORDS: gender equality, Indus valley civilization, plethora of Goddesses, religious ceremony Vedic period. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 25-08-208 Date of acceptance:08-09-2018 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. INTRODUCTION Gender Equality between man and women is the state of equal case of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economics participation and decision- making.