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An Investigation of the Identity of Naturalised Players in the Hong Kong Representative Football Team from the Perspective of Di

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An Investigation of the Identity of Naturalised Players in the Hong Kong Representative Football Team from the Perspective of Di Lingnan University Digital Commons @ Lingnan University Lingnan Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 9-26-2019 An investigation of the identity of naturalised players in the Hong Kong representative football team from the perspective of different Hong Kong football stakeholders Sheung Ching YUNG Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd Part of the Sociology Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons Recommended Citation Yung, S. C. (2019). An investigation of the identity of naturalised players in the Hong Kong representative football team from the perspective of different Hong Kong football stakeholders (Master's thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/69/ This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Lingnan Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. Terms of Use The copyright of this thesis is owned by its author. Any reproduction, adaptation, distribution or dissemination of this thesis without express authorization is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IDENTITY OF NATURALISED PLAYERS IN THE HONG KONG REPRESENTATIVE FOOTBALL TEAM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIFFERENT HONG KONG FOOTBALL STAKEHOLDERS YUNG SHEUNG CHING MPHIL LINGNAN UNIVERSITY 2019 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IDENTITY OF NATURALISED PLAYERS IN THE HONG KONG REPRESENTATIVE FOOTBALL TEAM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIFFERENT HONG KONG FOOTBALL STAKEHOLDERS by YUNG Sheung Ching 容尚正 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Sociology and Social Policy Lingnan University 2019 ABSTRACT An Investigation of the Identity of Naturalised Players in the Hong Kong Representative Football Team from the Perspective of Different Hong Kong Football Stakeholders by YUNG Sheung Ching Master of Philosophy The study of identity is a controversial topic in football (soccer) and is of growing interest in social science research. Over the past few years, increasing numbers of naturalised players from Africa, Europe, South America and Mainland China are selected on the Hong Kong representative football team. This has created much heated debate among the Hong Kong public and fans on the topic of naturalised players. This thesis first outlines conceptual aspects of identity and argues with special reference to the literature on sporting sociology and politics. If then asks research questions on “why do public suddenly pay much attention to the naturalised players in the Hong Kong representative football team”, “do public open to the inclusion of naturalised players in the Hong Kong representative football team”, “will public consider naturalised players as Hong Kongers” and “what is the characteristics of Hong Kong identity”. Research methods include a short quantitative questionnaire and a face-to- face interview with knowledgeable respondents such as fans, selected players, coaches, managers, and sports journalists. Through the questionnaire and interview, this thesis figures out that respondents are sensitive to the numbers of naturalised players on the team. Notably, they are largely open to the inclusion of naturalised players. The performance of naturalised players is the only concern rather than other non- competitive reasons such as players’ ethnic backgrounds. Nevertheless, an open attitude to the inclusion of naturalised players does not mean that fans are ready to consider them as being “Hong Kongers”. There are several factors that impacted the ways respondents evaluate the ‘Hong Kong identity’ of naturalised players, including contributing Hong Kong, understanding Hong Kong culture, putting down roots in Hong Kong, being born or raised in Hong Kong, motivation for coming to Hong Kong, the capability to speak Cantonese (the local dialect) or English, understanding the laws and social issues of Hong Kong and having Hong Kong citizenship. Perhaps surprisingly, race is not a concern for most respondents. They further suggested that “contributing to Hong Kong”, “having Hong Kong citizenship” and “sincerely wanting to be a Hong Konger” are foundations of Hong Kong identity. These findings contribute to the academic literature on the topic of Hong Kong football and Hong Kong identity. DECLARATION I declare that this is an original work based primarily on my own research, and I warrant that all citations of previous research, published or unpublished, have been duly acknowledged. ________________________ (YUNG Sheung Ching) Date: CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL OF THESIS AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IDENTITY OF NATURALISED PLAYERS IN THE HONG KONG REPRESENTATIVE FOOTBALL TEAM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIFFERENT HONG KONG FOOTBALL STAKEHOLDERS by YUNG Sheung Ching Master of Philosophy Panel of Examiners : �� (Chairman) (Prof. LO Chuen Yee Barbara) �� (ExternalMcmbe,) ·� (lntorna!M,mbe,) ·� (!ntorna!M,mbe,) (P�ONNOR Paul James) Chief Supervisor : Prof. PHILLIPS David Rosser Co-supervisor : Prof. CHAN Hau Nung Annie Apprnvod foe the-� I V \ (Prof. MOK Ka Ho Joshua) Chairman, Postgraduate Studies Committee 2 6 SEP 2019 Date TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents……...…………………………………………………………. i List of illustrations…………..…………………………………………………… iv Tables Figures List of abbreviations……..….…………………………………………………… v Acknowledgements..........................……………………………………………... vi Chapter 1- Background information related to Hong Kong football and arguments surrounding naturalised players 1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 Overview on the identity arguments of naturalised players (NP) in the Hong Kong national football team…………………………………………………. 2 1.3 A concise history of Hong Kong football…………………………………… 4 1.4 Defining terms: the classification of players in Hong Kong & naturalisation procedure for non-Chinese citizens to be Hong Kong citizens……………… 6 1.5 Research objectives 8 Chapter 2 - Literature review: The social meaning and function of sports 2.1 Sociological framework of sport and identity……………………………… 10 2.1.1 Functional perspective………………………………………………… 10 2.1.2 Humanistic perspective………………………………………………... 12 2.2 The effect of sports on regional identity…………………………………… 12 2.3 Sporting event and Hong Kong identity…………………………………… 14 2.4 Politicization of sporting activities in Hong Kong 15 2.5 Arguments around players’ identity in Wales and Ireland 18 Chapter 3 - Literature review: Theories of identity 3.1 Conceptual background…………………………………………………….. 22 3.2 Ethnic conception of identity………………………………………………. 23 3.2.1 Primordialism of ethnic identity……………………………………….. 23 3.2.2 Sociological perspective and cultural perspective of primordial ethnic identity………………………………………………………………… 24 i 3.2.3 Instrumentalism of Ethnic identity…………………………………….. 26 3.2.4 Elite perspective and social-engineering perspective of instrumental ethnic identity…………………………………………………………... 27 3.2 Civic conception of identity………………………………………………... 27 3.3 Research Questions………………………………………………………… 28 Chapter 4 - Research Question and Methodology 4.1 Sampling……………………………………………………………………. 30 4.2 Pilot test…………………………………………………………………….. 32 4.3 Quantitative questionnaire………………………………………………….. 32 4.4 Qualitative face-to-face interview………………………………………….. 34 4.5 Interview guide……………………………………………………………… 35 4.6 Data analysis………………………………………………………………… 36 Chapter 5 - Local football respondents’ attitudes towards the participation of naturalized players in the Hong Kong national football team 5.1 Increased focus on the NPs in the Hong Kong national football team……... 40 5.1.1 Previous rarity of naturalised players……………………………….. 40 5.2 Instrumental conception of local football respondents towards the participation of naturalized players in the Hong Kong national football team………………………………………………………………………….. 42 5.2.1 Contribution of NPs to the HK team………………………………….. 42 Chapter 6 - Considerations on the Hong Kong identity of naturalised players 6.1 “Ethnic” and “civic” conceptions of Hong Kong identity in quantitative data…………………………………………………………………………. 51 6.2 Respondents considerations on the Hong Kong identity of naturalized players………………………………………………………………………... 53 6.2.1 Lower sense of belonging and less representative……………………… 53 6.2.2 Contributing Hong Kong…………………………………………… 55 6.2.3 Place of birth and upbringing…………………………………………... 55 6.2.4 Motivation for coming to Hong Kong………………………………….. 57 6.2.5 Putting down roots in Hong Kong……………………………………… 58 ii 6.2.6 To understand Hong Kong culture…………………………………… 59 6.2.7 Speaking Cantonese and/or English……………………………………. 61 6.2.8 To understand laws, politics and social issues of Hong Kong………….. 62 6.2.9 To having the Hong Kong citizenship (identity card and HKSAR passport)………………………………………………………………... 65 6.3 Mainland players and bloodline players…………………………………….. 66 Chapter 7 - Analysis of the conception of HK identity among local football respondents 7.1 HK team player and Hong Konger………………………………………….. 72 7.2 Interpretation of HK identity………………………………………………... 74 7.2.1 Instrumental conception………………………………………………… 74 7.2.2 Primordial conceptions…………………………………………………. 74 7.2.3 Civic conception………………………………………………………... 77 7.2.4 Race factor: a non-favourable attitude towards mainland and bloodline players…………………………………………………………………… 78 7.3 Priority of each conceptions………………………………………………… 78 7.3.1 Foundation factors of HK identity: “Having the HK citizenship”……... 79 7.3.2 Fans’ opinions towards Dai…………………………………………….
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