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The Dayton Accords and the Escalating Tensions in Kosovo
Berkeley Undergraduate Journal 68 THE DAYTON ACCORDS AND THE ESCALATING TENSIONS IN KOSOVO By Christopher Carson Abstract his paper argues that the Dayton Accords, which ended the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, were the primary cause of the outbreak of violence in Kosovo in 1998. While the Accords were regarded as successful in neighboring Bosnia, the agreement failed to mention the Texisting situation in Kosovo, thus perpetuating the ethnic tensions within the region. Following the Dayton Accords, the response by the international community failed to address many concerns of the ethnically Albanian population living in Kosovo, creating a feeling of alienation from the international political scene. Finally, the Dayton Accords indirectly contributed to the collapse of the Albanian government in 1997, creating a shift in the structure of power in the region. This destabilization triggered the outbreak of war between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo the following year. The Dayton Accords 69 I. Introduction For many years, the territory of Kosovo functioned as an autonomous region within the state of Yugoslavia. During that time, Kosovo was the only Albanian-speaking territory within Yugoslavia, having been home to a significant Albanian population since its creation. The region also had a very important meaning for the Serb community, as it was the site of the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, which defined Serbian nationalism when Serbian forces were defeated by the Ottoman Empire. In the 1980s, tensions began to arise between the two communities, initially resulting in protests against the centralized government in Belgrade and arrests of Albanian Kosovars. Under the presidency of Slobodan Milošević, these ethnic tensions intensified both in Kosovo and elsewhere in Yugoslavia. -
Toponyms of Albania As Personal Names Among Kosovo Albanians
Toponyms of Albania as personal names among Kosovo Albanians Bardh Rugova University of Prishtina, Kosovo Toponyms of Albania as personal names among Kosovo Albanians Abstract: This paper aims at analyzing the trend among Kosovo Albanians to create given names using toponyms of Albania in various social and political circumstances. The research is conducted from a sociolinguistic perspective. During the years of non-communication between Albania and Yugoslavia, Albanians in Kosovo have expressed their Albanian identity by naming their children using names of towns, provinces, islands and rivers from Albania. Data taken from birth registrars’ offices through the years show the Kosovar Albanians’ point of view towards the state of Albania. It reflects the symbolic role that Albania had/ has for Albanians beyond its geographical borders. Keywords: given names, identity, sociolinguistics, toponyms. This paper aims at analyzing the trend among Kosovo Albanians to give names to children using toponyms of Albania in various social and political circumstances. The research is conducted from the sociolinguistic perspective. During the years of severance of relations between Albania and Yugoslavia, Albanians in Yugoslavia, most of whom were inhabitants of Kosovo, have expressed their Albanian identity, inter alia, also by naming their children using town names of Albania (Vlora, Elbasan, Berat, Milot, Saranda), province names (Mirdita, Mat), river names (Drin, Drilon, Vjosa, Shkumbin, Erzen), island names (Sazan), the names of the two seas (Adriatic and Jon), and a mountain name (Tomor). The trend of giving such names reflects also the social context of Kosovo Albanians. In Albania1 such names have not been given at all, with few exceptions. -
Republic of Kosovo Kuvendi - Skupština – Assembly
Republika e Kosovës Republika Kosovo -Republic of Kosovo Kuvendi - Skupština – Assembly Legislature V Spring session Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo, based on Article 65 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo and Article 6.1 of Rules of Procedure of the Assembly, after the interpellation developed with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, Mr. Hashim Thaçi, regarding the demarcation boundary process between Republic of Kosovo and Republic of Montenegro, in the plenary session held on 25 June 2015, approved this: R E S O L U T I O N 1. Legal and factual reference of determining the boundaries should be the border line according to administrative division, as it had been foreseen by the Law into force on administrative borders of former SFRY, the determined border of the territory of Kosovo of year 1974 and present Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo. 2.File, maps and analyses regarding the demarcation boundary of Kosovo with Montenegro should be delivered in writing to the Assembly and responsible Committees. 3.Prime Minister Isa Mustafa should undertake measures that the state Committee on marking the border with Montenegro to make available for public, as soon as possible, all discussions and issues submitted by Montenegrin party. 4. Government should report to the Assembly before the approval of the inter-boundary elaboration Kosovo-Montenegro. 5. Government should undertake measures that each inhabitant of the zone where it is expected to be conducted the demarcation should have the maps and necessary explanations regarding their own properties. 6. State Committee on marking the border with Montenegro should be invited to report at the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs. -
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11. -
Prishtina Insight #122
November 8-21, 2013 l #122 l Price 1€ Only in Skenderaj: No joke: Strong Party Prishtina Jailed mayor wins big, poised to win seat in Insight but loses votes. page 2 Prishtina. page 9 who has their In North Mitrovica, little stood between voters and election-wreckers. page 4 Albanian family prospers in back? volatile Bosniak Mahala. page 6 A choice between a l PI Guide: Traditia lives up to name with classic Albanian fare. page 12 veteran and a reformer l Region: Former Bosnian refugee for mayor. page 14 makes run for US Congress. page 10 PageTwo2 n November 8-21, 2013 n Prishtina Insight the enduring START saMi HERE 2009 PerceNt of aLL votes success of a 85.0% LUshtakU 2009 votes jailed mayor In 2009 sami Lushtaku celebrated his 25,017 2013 re-election in a jail cell. the mayor of skenderaj is accused of war crimes. He got a whopping 88.5 votes per cent of the vote, beating his -7,866 In 2013 85 per cent in 2009. it’s the best fewer votes showing of any Kosovo mayor by far. and it all happened, curiously, +3.6 17,151 PerceNt of aLL votes with dramatically lower turnout in more 2013 skenderaj, a place that has seen PerceNtage suspiciously high turnout in the PoiNts 88.5% last two elections. 2009 62.8% from the editor (29,894 voters) turnout 2013 40.4% Betrayal for those brave (21,222 voters) enough to vote votes - 8,672 for sami voters LusHtaKu iN A few days ago, I was discussing the recent democratic progress. -
Kosovo Monthly Review Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises May 2012
CIVIL - MILITARY FUSION CEN TRE The Mediterranean Team Presents Kosovo Monthly Review Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises May 2012 INSIDE THIS ISSUE This document provides an overview of developments in Kosovo from 01—31 May with hyperlinks to source material highlighted and underlined in the text. For more information on the topics below or other Governance issues pertaining to the region, please contact the members of the Mediterranean Basin Team, or visit our Security website at www.cimicweb.org. Economic Development Humanitarian Affairs Governance Socio-Cultural Development Serbian Elections ABOUT THE CFC Tomislav Nikolic, the leader of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) and former ultranationalist, won the runoff presidential election held 20 May with 50.21% of the vote over incumbent Presi- The Civil-Military Fusion Centre (CFC) is an information and dent Boris Tadic’s 46.77%, reports EurActive. SNS also won the most seats in the parliamentary knowledge management election on 06 May with 24%, or 73 of 250 seats, whereas Tadic’s Democratic Party won 67 organisation focused on improving seats and the Socialist Party of Serbia’s (SPS) won 44 seats. The 06 May election led to a contin- civil-military interaction, facilitating uance of the coalition between the Democratic Party and SPS, Southeast European Times information sharing and enhancing (SETimes) writes. SPS increased its representation by nearly 16%, becoming an important bloc situational awareness through the in the creation of a new and stable pro-EU government, in which Nikolic is committed to select- CimicWeb portal and our weekly ing Tadic as prime minister, as Tadic’s Democratic Party and party allies have managed to domi- and monthly publications. -
Annex 4: Mechanisms in Europe
ANNEX 4: MECHANISMS IN EUROPE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Conflict Background and Political Context The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) emerged from World War II as a communist country under the rule of President Josip Broz Tito. The new state brought Serbs, Croats, Bosnian Muslims, Albanians, Macedonians, Montenegrins, and Slovenes into a federation of six separate republics (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) and two autonomous provinces of Serbia (Kosovo and Vojvodina). Ten years after Tito’s death in 1980, the country was in economic crisis and the mechanisms he had designed to both repress and balance ethnic demands in the SFRY were under severe strain. Slobodan Milošević had harnessed the power of nationalism to consolidate his power as president of Serbia. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia dissolved in January 1990, and the first multiparty elections were held in all Yugoslav republics, carrying nationalist parties to power in Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia.1763 Meanwhile, Milošević and his political allies asserted control in Kosovo, Vojvodina, and Montenegro, giving Serbia’s president de facto control over four of the eight votes in the federal state’s collective presidency. This and the consolidation of Serbian control over the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA) heightened fears and played into ascendant nationalist feelings in other parts of the country. Declarations of independence by Croatia and Slovenia on June 25, 1991, brought matters to a head. Largely homogenous Slovenia succeeded in defending itself through a 10-day conflict that year against the Serb-dominated federal army, but Milošević was more determined to contest the independence of republics with sizeable ethnic Serb populations. -
Prishtina Insight
Opinion: Microfinance Law - This is a Bank Robbery April 27 - May 10, 2012 Issue No. 87 www.prishtinainsight.com Price € 1 From Pasture NEWS Pacolli to “Power Misled over Neighbourhood” Ministerial In four years, agricultural Credit Card land on the edge of Use Prishtina, once owned by an elderly Serb farmer, has > page 4 been transformed into one of the wealthiest neigh- NEWS bourhoods in the country, Black Market in soon to be home to Prime Minister Hashim Thaci, for- Heart of mer Interior Minister Zenun Government Pajaziti, alongside a host of > page 5 other top businessmen, NEWS politicians and public figures. Kosovo Albanians See Page 18-19 Pack up in Troubled North Kosovo’s Travel-Happy MPs > page 6 FEATURE Vetevendosje Keep Fail to Tackle Election Fraud Faith in Graffiti Despite numerous foreign ‘study’ trips, mostly funded by the taxpayer, a parliamentary committee tasked with electoral > page 14-15 reform has failed to come up with any changes. COMMUNITY FOCUS electoral fraud that was noticed continue to misuse [the election over the past 12 months. Media Threaten By Genc Nimoni , Artan Mustafa in the December 2010 parliamen- process] to survive in the politi- So far 18 committee meetings Boycotts Over Law tary elections. cal scene”. have taken place for which each embers of the Kosovo par- The travel-loving committee member was paid about 1,440 euro- liament have received has now asked for three more Foreign travel galore: for participating, while its chair- Mthousands of euro in com- months to come to some recom- man, Haki Demolli, received 3,600 pensation for committee meetings, mendations. -
New Row Buffets Scandal-Hit Kosovo Passport Contract from Page 1 Documents to Misappropriate About 7,400 Euro
Opinion: The New Year in Kosovo Jan 18 - 31, 2013 Issue No. 103 www.prishtinainsight.com Price € 1 NEWS Sparkes: Privatisation Tangle Leaves Buyer Politics Unusable Business Weigh on > page 3 NEWS EULEX Gjakova Dumps Laws In Rush for EU rule of law mission’s Trash Power former deputy chief says > page 5 successes in fighting NEWS corruption are under- Kosovo and Serbia played - but pressures to preserve Kosovo’s stabil- Militias Threaten ity have sometimes got Violence in the way. > page 6 See Page 4 FEATURE Rise of Conservative Islamists Alarms New Row Buffets Scandal-Hit Kosovars Kosovo Passport Contract Austrian company and Kosovo Ministry of Internal Affairs are locked into a tax dispute over a 14 million euro contract already rocked by allegations of theft and bribery. > page 12-13 By Jeton Musliu, Florent Spahija and back to 2011. Haziraj said the contract required November 2012 after she failed to CULTURE Kreshnik Gashi At the Austrians’ request, the the Austrian State Printing House transfer 1.4 million euro from the two sides have now suspended fur- to pay VAT on the passports it sends Interior Ministry to the Austrian Kosovo Textbooks osovo’s Interior Ministry ther talks until next week. to Kosovo. It is impossible to verify State Printing House, which had and the Austrian company The company declined to com- Haziraj’s claim because the min- hired her as a subcontractor. Soften Line on Kthat prints the country’s biometric passports are in a dis- ment, but Interior Ministry istry has not released the contract. The money from the Interior Ottoman Rule pute over taxes. -
ADRIAN KRASNIQI PUSHKA E UҪK-Së!
ADRIAN KRASNIQI PUSHKA E UҪK-së! (DËSHMI ARKIVORE) Sheradin Berisha "Veprimtarinë patriotike që jam duke e zhvilluar unë do të kishit zhvilluar edhe ju, por fati deshi që unë njëherë për njëherë t'i përgjigjem thirrjes së atdheut, që bijtë e tij t'i dalin zot në këto momente të vështira dhe tejet kritike, duke mos kursyer as gjënë më të shtrenjtë "Jetën". Si anëtar i organizatës militante UҪK, për borxhin ndaj atdheut dhe për betimin e bërë para shokëve, më duhet të qëndroj besnik i kësaj "rruge deri në vdekje". (Fragment nga letra e Ushtarit të Ushtrisë Ҫlirimtare të Kosovës - Adrian Rexhep Krasniqi, dërguar vëllaut të tij Ilirit, në mars 1997) LINDJA DHE SHKOLLIMI Adrian Krasniqi (Rexha) padyshim është njëri nga protagonistët kryesorë të Ushtrisë Çlirimtare të Kosovës. Ka lindur më 11 tetor 1972 në familjen e njohur të Sylerxhëve të fshatit Vranoc, të Pejës, nga babai Rexhepi dhe nëna Majremja. Në moshën tetëvjeçare Adrianit i vdes babai, dhe ai bashkë me të vëllain, Ilirin, (përveç nënës shëndetligë) rriten nën përkujdesjen e gjyshes Fanë, xhaxhait Xhafer Krasniqi dhe dajëve të tyre. Adriani mësimet e para i mori në shkollën fillore "Vëllazërimi" në Baran, ndërsa shkollën e mesme e kreu në gjimnazin "Bedri Pejani" në Pejë. Në vitet 1991 - 1993 studimet i vijoi në Fakultetin Ekonomik në Universitetin e Prishtinës, dhe pastaj në Fakultetin Ekonomik në Universitetin e Tiranës. GRUPI ILEGAL 'BESA' Qysh si nxënës i shkollës së mesme (1988/89) ai u dallua në organizimin e demonstratave në qytetin e Pejës, përkundër kërcënimeve se mund të përjashtohet nga gjimnazi. -
Freedom House, Its Academic Advisers, and the Author(S) of This Report
Kosovo by Group for Legal and Political Studies Capital: Pristina Population: 1.816 million GNI/capita, PPP: $10,200 Source: World Bank World Development Indicators. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores NIT Edition 2017 2018 2009 2011 2016 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 National Democratic Governance 5.25 5.50 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 Electoral Process 4.50 4.25 4.50 5.00 5.00 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.50 Civil Society 4.00 3.75 3.75 3.75 4.00 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 Independent Media 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.25 5.00 5.00 Local Democratic Governance 5.25 5.00 5.00 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.50 4.50 4.50 Judicial Framework and Independence 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.50 Corruption 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.75 5.75 Democracy Score 5.14 5.07 5.18 5.18 5.25 5.14 5.14 5.07 4.96 4.93 NOTE: The ratings reflect the consensus of Freedom House, its academic advisers, and the author(s) of this report. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s). The ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the highest level of democratic progress and 7 the lowest. -
The Republic of Kosovo's 2013 Local Elections Handbook
THE REPUBLIC of Kosovo’s 2013 LOCAL ELECTIONS THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVo’s 2013 HANDBOOK LOCAL ELECTIONS HANDBOOK POLITICS The Republic of Kosovo’s 2013 local elections handbook 1 2 Impresum Title: The Republic of Kosovo’s 2013 local elections handbook editor: Konrad Adenauer Foundation in the Republic of Kosovo Authors: THE REPUBLIC Muhamet Brajshori & Granit Tërnava Coordination: Granit Tërnava OF KOSOVO’S 2013 Translation: LOCAL ELECTIONS Translation centre Prishtina Design and preparation: HANDBOOK Artgraphics This publication can be downloaded free at: http://www.kas.de/kosovo MUHAMET BRAJSHORI & GRANIT TËRNAVA Note: The views expressed in this handbook are the author´s personal points of view and they do not necessarily represent the views of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. The materials provided in the handbook were the only one available for the authors of this handbook. The Republic of Kosovo’s 2013 local elections handbook 3 4 Contents Introduction to the 2013 Local Elections……………………………………………............…7 Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK) …………………………………………….........21 VETËVENDOSJE Movement (VV).…………………………………………………….…22 History of Local Elections in Kosovo…………………………………………….....………9 Kosovo New Alliance (AKR)…………………………………………………………....…..23 Voting Model…………………………………………………………………………...……11 Independent Liberal Party (SLS).……………………………………………………….…..24 Electoral authorities…………………………………………………………………………12 Overview of candidates for Mayors for the 2013 local elections……………........................25 Right to be elected…………………………………………………………………………...13