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Universidade De Brasília Programa De Pós-Graduação Música Em Contexto

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Universidade De Brasília Programa De Pós-Graduação Música Em Contexto UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO MÚSICA EM CONTEXTO RENAN VENTURA PEREIRA HÔGAKU E YÔGAKU NO CINEMA JAPONÊS: A MÚSICA DE JOE HISAISHI NO FILME MONONOKE HIME Brasília 2019 1 RENAN VENTURA PEREIRA HÔGAKU E YÔGAKU NO CINEMA JAPONÊS: A música de Joe Hisaishi no filme Mononoke Hime Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Música em Contexto do Departamento de Música, Instituto de Artes da Universidade de Brasília para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Música. Linha de Pesquisa: Musicologia Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Nogueira Mendes BRASÍLIA 2019 2 Ficha catalográfica elaborada automaticamente, com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a) Ventura Pereira, Renan V P436h HÔGAKU E YÔGAKU NO CINEMA JAPONÊS: A música de Joe Hisaishi no filme Mononoke Hime / Renan Ventura Pereira; orientador Ségio Nogueira Mendes. -- Brasília, 2019. 266 p. Dissertação (Mestrado - Mestrado em Música) -- Universidade de Brasília, 2019. 1. Música Japonesa. 2. Cinema Japonês. 3. Trilha Sonora. 4. Significação Musical. 5. Princesa Mononoke. I. Nogueira Mendes, Ségio, orient. II. Título. 3 Universidade de Brasília Departamento de Música Programa de Pós-Graduação Música em Contexto Dissertação intitulada HÔGAKU E YÔGAKU NO CINEMA JAPONÊS: A música de Joe Hisaishi no filme Mononoke Hime, de autoria de Renan Ventura Pereira, aprovada pela banca examinadora constituída pelos seguintes professores: __________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sérgio Nogueira Mendes Universidade de Brasília (UnB) __________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Flávio Santos Pereira Universidade de Brasília (UnB) __________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alice Lumi Satomi Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) __________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Mário Lima Brasil Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Data de aprovação: Brasília, 28 de novembro de 2019 Campus Darcy Ribeiro – Brasília, DF – 70.910-000 - Brasil - Tel.: (61) 3107-1113 4 AGRADECIMENTOS À minha família, especialmente aos meus pais que me deram muito apoio e incentivo nesse processo. À minha companheira Debora Castro, por estar presente e contribuindo desde a concepção do projeto até a revisão da dissertação. Ao meu amigo Pablo Marquine, que me forneceu inúmeros recursos para realizar a pesquisa necessária. Aos membros da banca: professor Flávio Santos Pereira, que participou tanto de minha qualificação quanto de minha defesa; professora Alice Lumi Satomi, pela participação na banca de defesa e por todo o apoio e suporte dado na revisão do texto, superando as barreiras da distância; professor-orientador Sérgio Nogueira, pela paciência, pela compreensão e pela dedicação em sempre ajudar e melhorar aquilo que me propus a fazer. E a todos aqueles que de alguma forma contribuíram nesse percurso intenso e recompensador. 5 RESUMO Historicamente o cinema japonês fez uso de sua música tradicional (hôgaku) e da música em estilo ocidental (yôgaku) para compor suas trilhas sonoras, criando uma atmosfera musical híbrida. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é identificar e demonstrar essa particularidade da prática musical nas trilhas sonoras japonesas, tendo como objeto o compositor Joe Hisaishi (1950), que segue essa tradição em mesclar tais elementos em suas trilhas. Aplicando métodos de análise musical interpretativa da nova musicologia e da hermenêutica musical (KRAMER), busca-se trabalhar a significação musical no filme Princessa Mononoke (1997) dirigido por Hayao Miyazaki, dialogando com seu contexto cultural e a simbologia dos elementos musicais na narrativa. Palavras-chave: Música Japonesa. Cinema Japonês. Trilha Sonora. Significação Musical. Princesa Mononoke 6 ABSTRACT Since the beginning, Japanese cinema uses the traditional music (hôgaku) and the Western-style music (yôgaku) to write the musical score, creating a hybrid musical atmosphere. This research aims to identify and demonstrate this singularity of the Japanese musical practice in soundtracks, studying Joe Hisaishi (1950) as research object. Hisaishi follows the tradition of mixing those elements. Applying new musicology and musical hermeneutics methods of interpretive musical analysis (KRAMER), we seek to make a musical meaning of the Hayao Miyazaki's movie Princess Mononoke (1997), dialoguing with its cultural context and the symbology of musical elements at narrative. Keywords: Japanese music. Japanese Cinema. Soundtrack. Musical Meaning. Princess Mononoke 7 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 - Questão geracional de Joe Hisaishi ........................................................................ 89 Figura 2 - Organograma sobre os principais conflitos ocorridos no filme ............................ 124 Figura 3 - Da esquerda para direita, temos o Ryûteki, o Hichiriki e o Shô ........................... 158 Figura 4 - Simbolismo do Gagaku e sua representação no filme .......................................... 175 Figura 5 - Ô-daiko ................................................................................................................. 181 Figura 6 - Atarigane............................................................................................................... 182 8 LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 1 - Poema sobre Ashitaka ......................................................................................... 140 Quadro 2 - Poema sobre o Tatari-Gami ................................................................................ 144 Quadro 3 - Poema sobre a floresta dos Deuses ..................................................................... 167 Quadro 5 - Poema sobre a Princesa Mononoke .................................................................... 173 Quadro 5 - Poema sobre Lady Eboshi ................................................................................... 177 Quadro 6 - Comparação das letras das canções .................................................................... 179 Quadro 7 - Classificação rítmica por gêneros musicais de Kishibe ...................................... 240 9 LISTA DE EXEMPLOS MUSICAIS Exemplo musical 1 - “One Summer’s Day,” sessão C (A viagem de Chihiro, 2001) ............ 94 Exemplo musical 2 - Abertura de Tenkû no shiro Rapyuta (O Castelo no Céu, 1986) .......... 95 Exemplo musical 3 - “Ashitaka and San” (Princesa Mononoke, 1997).................................. 95 Exemplo musical 4 - Melodia em acordes descendentes de “a-BET-CITY” (1983) .............. 96 Exemplo musical 5 - Acordes de abertura de Tenkû no shiro Rapyuta (O Castelo no Céu, 1986) ......................................................................................................................................... 97 Exemplo musical 6 - Acordes de abertura da música “Adriatic Sea” de Kurenai no Buta (Porco Rosso, 1992) ................................................................................................................. 97 Exemplo musical 7 - Acordes da abertura de Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi (A viagem de Chihiro, 2001), intitulada “One Summer's Day” ...................................................................... 98 Exemplo musical 8 - Acompanhamento arpejado em quintas da música “Lady Eboshi” de Mononoke Hime (Princesa Mononoke, 1997) ......................................................................... 98 Exemplo musical 9 - Tema de Kaze no Tani no Naushicaä (Nausicaä do vale do vento, 1984) ................................................................................................................................................ 101 Exemplo musical 10 - Melodia tema de Tenkû no shiro Rapyuta (O castelo no céu, 1986) 102 Exemplo musical 11 - “The Path of the wind” (Kaze no tôrimichi) melodia em pentatonica de Tonari no Totoro (Meu vizinho Totoro, 1988) .................................................................. 104 Exemplo musical 12 - Melodia de “The legend of Ashitaka” do filme Mononoke Hime (Princesa Mononoke, 1997) .................................................................................................... 105 Exemplo musical 13 - Melodia de “One Summer's Day” do filme Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi (A viagem de Chihiro, 2001)............................................................................ 106 Exemplo musical 14 - Melodia de “Procession of the spirits” do filme Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi (A viagem de Chihiro, 2001) e escala Ryûkyû ................................................ 106 Exemplo musical 15 - Requiem [レクイエム]..................................................................... 152 Exemplo musical 16 - Adagio of Life and Death.................................................................. 155 Exemplo musical 17 - Adagio of Life and Death II .............................................................. 157 Exemplo musical 18 - Acordes tradicionais do Shô ............................................................. 159 Exemplo musical 19 - The Shishigami Forest ...................................................................... 168 Exemplo musical 20 - The Shishigami Forest - segunda parte ............................................. 169 Exemplo musical 21 - Takeda Lullaby ................................................................................. 178 Exemplo musical 22 - A nomenclatura para os 12 tons japoneses ....................................... 225 Exemplo musical 23 - Escalas Ryô e Ritsu ........................................................................... 227 10
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