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The Peacock Cult in Asia
The Peacock Cult in Asia By P. T h a n k a p p a n N a ir Contents Introduction ( 1 ) Origin of the first Peacock (2) Grand Moghul of the Bird Kingdom (3) How did the Peacock get hundred eye-designs (4) Peacock meat~a table delicacy (5) Peacock in Sculptures & Numismatics (6) Peacock’s place in history (7) Peacock in Sanskrit literature (8) Peacock in Aesthetics & Fine Art (9) Peacock’s place in Indian Folklore (10) Peacock worship in India (11) Peacock worship in Persia & other lands Conclusion Introduction Doubts were entertained about India’s wisdom when Peacock was adopted as her National Bird. There is no difference of opinion among scholars that the original habitat of the peacock is India,or more pre cisely Southern India. We have the authority of the Bible* to show that the peacock was one of the Commodities5 that India exported to the Holy Land in ancient times. This splendid bird had reached Athens by 450 B.C. and had been kept in the island of Samos earlier still. The peacock bridged the cultural gap between the Aryans who were * I Kings 10:22 For the king had at sea a navy of Thar,-shish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Thar’-shish bringing gold, and silver,ivory, and apes,and peacocks. II Chronicles 9: 21 For the King’s ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Hu,-ram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver,ivory,and apes,and peacocks. -
Friday Hindu Story
Lord Brahma Brahma is the creator of the universe and all knowledge. He is the first god in the Hindu Trimurti (three gods who are responsible for the creation, preservation and destruction of the world). Brahma grew inside a lotus from the navel of a sleeping Vishnu. He has 4 heads and has the goddess Saraswati as a companion. Brahma is sometimes depicted with a beard. Lord Vishnu Vishnu is the Hindu god who preserves the universe and people. He is the second god in the Hindu Trimurti. Hindus believe that he has saved his followers by appearing to them in other forms. Vishnu has four arms to represent the four corners of the world. Lord Shiva Shiva is the destroyer of the universe so that new life can come again. He restores the balance between good and evil. He is the third god in the Hindu Trimurti. Ganesh Ganesh is the elephant-headed god and the Lord of all living things. He is the god who helps people overcome their problems by granting them wisdom and strength. It is said that the god Shiva cut off his original head and restored him to life by giving him the head of an elephant. Lakshmi Lakshmi is the wife of Vishnu and travels on a lotus flower. She is the goddess of wealth and success. Sita Sita is actually an incarnation of the goddess Lakshmi. She is a beautiful, loyal wife and a role model for Hindu women. Rama Rama is the ‘perfect’ avatar of Vishnu. He is a symbol of chivalry and virtue. -
Sapta Matrikas Bharati Pal
Orissa Review September - 2009 Sapta Matrikas Bharati Pal The Sapta Matrikas or the seven divine mothers, weild the trisula in one of her hands and carry a representing the saktis, or the energies of the kapala in another. All the Matrikas are to be important familiar deities are Brahmani (Saraswati) seated images and should have two of their hands Mahesvari (Raudani) Kaumari (Karttikeyani) held in the Varada and Abhaya poses, while the Vaishnavi (Lakshmi) Varahi, Indrani and other two hands carry weapons appropriate to Chamunda (Chamundi). According to a legend the male counterparts of the female powers. described in the Isanasivagurudevapaddhati, The Varaha Purana states that these the Matrikas were created to help Lord Siva in mother-goddesses are eight in number and his fight against Andhakasura. When the Lord includes among them the goddess Yogesvari. It inflicted wounds on Andhaka, blood began to flow further says that these Matrikas represent eight profusely from his body. Each drop which touched mental qualities which are morally bad. the ground assumed the shape of another Accordingly, Yogesvari represents kama or Andhaka. Thus there were innumerable Asuras desire; Mahesvari, krodh or anger; Vaishnavi, fighting Siva. To stop the flow of the blood, Siva lobha or covetousness; Brahmani; mada or created a goddess called Yogesvari from the pride; Kaumari moha or illusion; Indrani, flames issuing out of his mouth. Brahma, Vishnu, matsarya or fault finding; Yami or Chumunda Maheswara, Kumara, Varaha, Indra and Yama paisunya, that is tale bearing; and Varahi asuya also sent their saktis to follow Yogesvari in or envy. stopping the flow of blood. -
The Lion : Mount of Goddess Durga
Orissa Review * October - 2004 The Lion : Mount of Goddess Durga Pradeep Kumar Gan Shaktism, the cult of Mother Goddess and vast mass of Indian population, Goddess Durga Shakti, the female divinity in Indian religion gradually became the supreme object of 5 symbolises form, energy or manifestation of adoration among the followers of Shaktism. the human spirit in all its rich and exuberant Studies on various aspects of her character in variety. Shakti, in scientific terms energy or our mythology, religion, etc., grew in bulk and power, is the one without which no leaf can her visual representation is well depicted in stir in the world, no work can be done without our art and sculpture. It is interesting to note 1 it. The Goddess has been worshipped in India that the very origin of her such incarnation (as from prehistoric times, for strong evidence of Durga) is mainly due to her celestial mount a cult of the mother has been unearthed at the (vehicle or vahana) lion. This lion is usually pre-vedic civilization of the Indus valley. assorted with her in our literature, art sculpture, 2 According to John Marshall Shakti Cult in etc. But it is unfortunate that in our earlier works India was originated out of the Mother Goddess the lion could not get his rightful place as he and was closely associated with the cult of deserved. Siva. Saivism and Shaktism were the official In the Hindu Pantheon all the deities are religions of the Indus people who practised associated in mythology and art with an animal various facets of Tantra. -
Bhoga-Bhaagya-Yogyata Lakshmi
BHOGA-BHAAGYA-YOGYATA LAKSHMI ( FULFILLMENT AS ONE DESERVES) Edited, compiled, and translated by VDN Rao, Retd. General Manager, India Trade Promotion Organization, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, currently at Chennai 1 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:-Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu Essence of Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana Essence of Paraashara Smtiti Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Dharma Bindu Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda- Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ (Quintessence of Upanishads) Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana- Also Essence of Knowledge of Numbers Essence of Narada Charitra; Essence Neeti Chandrika-Essence of Hindu Festivals and Austerities- Essence of Manu Smriti*- Quintessence of Manu Smriti* - *Essence of Pratyaksha Bhaskara- Essence of Maha Narayanopanishad*-Essence of Vidya-Vigjnaana-Vaak Devi* Note: All the above Scriptures already released on www. -
Single Footed Deities: Glimpses from Art and Literature
Single Footed Deities: Glimpses from Art and Literature Prachi Virag Sontakke1 1. Arya Mahila P.G. College, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India (Email: prachi.kushwaha @gmail.com) Received: 28 June 2015; Accepted: 03 August 2015; Revised: 10 September 2015 Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 3 (2015): 608‐617 Abstract: Deities of religious pantheon are divine and hence they are attributed divine forms. The divinity of Gods is further glorified by conceiving their appearance as super natural. That is why we find Gods and Goddesses with multiple arms, heads and even limbs. These traits assert the power, superiority and divinity of deities before man. It is therefore very interesting to note that there is one such deity who is defined in literature and sculptural examples as having a single foot. Current paper is an attempt to understand the concept of emergence and development of this very single footed deity in India. In course of aforesaid trail, issues relating to antiquity of such a tradition, nomenclature of such deity, its identification with different Gods, respective iconography are also dealt with. Keywords: Ekpada, Antiquity, Art, Literature, Identification, Iconography, Chronology Introduction Iconography, though meant for art, is actually a science. Every aspect an icon is not only well defined but also well justified according to the iconographic principles laid down in the texts. When it came to sculpture making, artist’s freedom of portrayal and experimentation was rather limited. But this did not account for the lack of creativity and imagination in ancient Indian art. We have many examples where unrealistic depictions/forms were included in an icon to highlight the divine, supreme and all powerful aspect of deity and to make it different from ordinary humans. -
Bahuchara Mata
Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies Volume 7 Number 1 Fall 2016 Article 4 2016 Bahuchara Mata Kunal Kanodia Columbia University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/imwjournal Recommended Citation Kanodia, Kunal "Bahuchara Mata." Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies 7, no. 1 (2016). https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/imwjournal/vol7/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KUNAL KANODIA: BAHUCHARA MATA 87 KUNAL KANODIA is in his last year at Columbia University where he is pursuing a major in Human Rights with a concentration in Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies. His research interests lie in the intersectionality of identities of marginalized and subaltern communities in different social contexts. His interests include contemporary Hindi poetry, skydiving, cooking, Spanish literature and human rights advocacy. Kunal aspires to become a human rights lawyer someday. 88 IMW JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES VOL. 7:1 Kunal Kanodia BAHUCHARA MATA: LIBERATOR, PROTECTOR AND MOTHER OF HIJRAS IN GUJARAT INTRODUCTION The most prominent of myths surrounding the Hindu goddess Bahuchara Mata is that she belonged to the Charan caste, members of the Brahman class in Gujarat associated with divinity.1 As the narrative proceeds, one day Bahuchara Mata and her sisters were travelling when a looter named Bapiya attacked their caravan. This was considered a heinous sin.2 Bahuchara Mata cursed Bapiya with impotency and according to legend, self-immolated and cut off her own breasts. -
HINDU GODS and GODDESSES 1. BRAHMA the First Deity of The
HINDU GODS AND GODDESSES 1. BRAHMA The first deity of the Hindu trinity, Lord Brahma is considered to be the god of Creation, including the cosmos and all of its beings. Brahma also symbolizes the mind and intellect since he is the source of all knowledge necessary for the universe. Typically you’ll find Brahma depicted with four faces, which symbolize the completeness of his knowledge, as well as four hands that each represent an aspect of the human personality (mind, intellect, ego and consciousness). 2. VISHNU The second deity of the Hindu trinity, Vishnu is the Preserver (of life). He is believed to sustain life through his adherence to principle, order, righteousness and truth. He also encourages his devotees to show kindness and compassion to all creatures. Vishnu is typically depicted with four arms to represent his omnipotence and omnipresence. It is also common to see Vishnu seated upon a coiled snake, symbolizing the ability to remain at peace in the face of fear or worry. 3. SHIVA The final deity of the Hindu trinity is Shiva, also known as the Destroyer. He is said to protect his followers from greed, lust and anger, as well as the illusion and ignorance that stand in the way of divine enlightenment. However, he is also considered to be responsible for death, destroying in order to bring rebirth and new life. Shiva is often depicted with a serpent around his neck, which represents Kundalini, or life energy. 4. GANESHA One of the most prevalent and best-known deities is Ganesha, easily recognized by his elephant head. -
Review of Research Journal:International Monthly
Review Of Research Impact Factor : 5.7631(UIF) UGC Approved Journal No. 48514 ISSN: 2249-894X Volume - 8 | Issue - 5 | fEBRUARY - 2019 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ SHAKTI DIETIES IN KALABURAGI DISTRICT-A STUDY ON BHANKUR KARIYAMMA DEVI AND CHINCHANSUR MAHAPURATAI Maheshkumar Shivasharanappa1 and Dr. Birdar Shrishail2 1Research Student Dept. History & Research Centre Gulbarga University Kalaburagi. 2 M.A.,M.Phil.,Ph.D Associate Professor Research Guide Dept. History & Research Centre Nrupatunga First Grade College, Sedam Dist: Kalaburagi, Karnataka. ABSTRACT : Shakti cult is one of the major traditions of Hinduism followed in India since ancient times. It is considers metaphysical reality as metaphorically a woman and Shakti is regarded as the supreme godhead. It includes many goddesses, who are considered as different aspects of the same supreme goddess.1 It has different sub-traditions that range from those focused on gracious Parvati to that of fierce and horrifying Kali.2 KEYWORDS : Shakti cult , supreme godhead. INTRODUCTION : Sruti and Smriti literatures are important sources that deal with the Shakti tradition. In addition, it reveres the texts like Devi Mahatmya, Devi-Bhagavata Purana, Mahabhagwata Purana and Shakta Upanishads like the Devi Upanishad.3 The Devi Mahatmya particularly, is considered in Shaktism to be as important as the Bhagavad Gita.4 Shaktism is popular for its various sub-traditions of Tantra,5 and a number of goddesses -
Hinduism Summary Key Words
Hinduism Summary Key Words Hindu Someone who follows Hinduism. Hinduism is the oldest of the world’s religions. It is now practised all over the world but originated in South East Asia. It is a mix of different Brahman Hindus recognise one God, Brahman. The other Gods of Hinduism are different aspects of Brahman (The universal supreme God) beliefs, cultures and traditions dating back over 4000 years. Hindus Vishnu Hindu god who protects the universe. recognise one God, Brahman. The gods of Hinduism are different aspects Brahma Hindu god of creation. of Brahman. The main three aspects (Trimurti) are Vishnu, Brahma and Shiva. The three great goddesses (Tridevi) are Saraswati, Lakshmi and Shiva Hindu god of destruction and regeneration Shakti. Hindus can pray to different gods and goddesses for help with Trimurti The three aspects of the universal supreme God. (Vishnu, Brahma and Shiva) All of which can be represented in male or female forms. different needs. There are over 1.1 billion Hindus in the world today. mandir A special place for Hindus to worship. Avatars of the three main aspects of Brahman puja Act of worship for Hindus. murtis Special statues or images of Hindu gods and goddesses. Brahma Shiva Vishnu shrine A holy place to pray. (the creator) (the protector) (the destroyer of evil) Shruti Hindu holy scriptures which contain the four Vedas. Smriti Hindu holy scriptures which contain legends, myths and history. Vedas Ancient Hindu text. Avatar In Hinduism, this usually refers to an incarnation of God or His aspects, either as a man or even an animal or some mythical creature. -
Painting Reckoner Session: 2020-21
SALWAN PUBLIC SCHOOL MAYUR VIHAR PAINTING RECKONER SESSION: 2020-21 NAME: CLASS: XI SECTION: Preface The course in Painting at Senior Secondary stage as an elective subject is aimed to develop aesthetic sense of the students through the understanding of various important well known aspects and modes of visual art expression in India’s rich cultural heritage from the period of Indus valley to the present time. It also encompasses practical exercises in drawing and painting to develop their mental faculties of observation, imagination, creation and physical skills required for its expressions. The Ready Reckoner for Class XI has been prepared in conformity with the National Curriculum Framework and latest CBSE syllabus and pattern. We believe, this text will make apparent the content and scope of the Subject and provide the foundation for further learning. With necessary assignments within each part, chapters are devoted to the subtopics, and the assignments are designed according to the lower and higher order thinking skills. Chapter- opening summary is intended to capture the reader's interest in preparation for the subject matter that follows. In short, every effort has been made to gain and retain student attention— the essential first step in the learning process. INDEX 1. Objectives 2. Important Art Terminologies 3. Syllabus and Division of Marks 4. Prehistoric Rock Paintings 5. Indus Valley Civilization 6. Mauryan Period 7. Art of Ajanta 8. Temple Architecture 9. Bronze Sculptures 10. Some Aspects of Indo-Islamic Architecture 11. Sample Papers Objectives A) Theory (History of Indian Art) The objective of including the history of Indian Art for the students is to familiarize them with the various styles and modes of art expressions from different parts of India. -
Hinduism Year 3 Truth Is Eternal Dharma Reincarnation Moksha
Hinduism Year 3 Key Vocabulary Hindu Gods and Godesses Hinduism is the oldest of the world’s Someone who follows religions. It is now practised all over the Hindu Hinduism. Hindus recognise one God, world but originated in South East Asia. Brahman. The gods of Hinduism It is a mix of different beliefs, cultures and Hindu god who protects Vishnu are different aspects of Brahman. traditions dating back over 4000 years. the universe. The main three aspects Brahma Hindu god of creation. (Trimurti) are: Vishnu, Brahma and Shiva The three aspects of the Trimurti universal supreme God. The three great goddesses (Tridevi) are: The three great goddesses of Tridevi Hinduism. Saraswati, Lakshmi and Shakti Hindus recognise one Hindus can pray to different Brahman God, Brahman. gods and goddesses for help with different needs. Truth Is Eternal Dharma Reincarnation Moksha Hindus are Dharma Hindus believe Moksha is the ultimate encouraged means a soul cannot be goal. It happens to learn. to do the destroyed, so when when a soul stops right thing a Hindu dies, their being reincarnated with good soul enters a new and is reunited behaviour. living being. with Brahman. View more Hinduism planning resources. visit twinkl.com Hinduism Year 3 Key Vocabulary Special Places for Hindus Hindus can worship at home or A special place for Hindus mandir in a mandir. to worship. In a mandir, Hindus can perform puja. There are holy scriptures in Act of worship for . puja Hindus Some mandirs are very tall buildings. Hinduism. The scriptures believe it brings them closer Hindus support Hindus in their life to heaven.