42486-018: Madhya Pradesh Urban Services

Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 42486-018 May 2020

IND: Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Program – Additional Financing Water Supply Scheme in Sanchi and Pachore Towns PART A

Package No: MPUSIP-1E

Prepared by Government of Madhya Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 10 June 2020) Currency unit – Indian rupee (₹) ₹1.00 = $0.0132 $1.00 = ₹75.495

ABBREVIATIONS

AC – Asbestos Cement ADB – Asian Development Bank ASI – Archaeological Survey of India ASO – Assistant Safeguards Officer CFE – Consent for Establishment CFO – Consent for Operation CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board CWRM – Clear Water Rising Main EAC – Expert Appraisal Committee EHS – Environmental Health & Safety EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan ESR – elevated service reservoir GOI – Government of India GOMP – Government of Madhya Pradesh GSR – ground level service reservoir IEE – initial environmental examination NP – Nagar Parishad MFF – Multi trench financing facility MOEF&CC – Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change MPPCB – Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board MPUDC – Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company MPUSIP – Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Program NOC – no objection certificate OHT – overhead tank PE – Polyethylene PHED – Public Health Engineering Department PIU – project implementation unit PMC – project management consultant PMU – project management unit PO – project officer PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PNP – Pachore Nagar Parishad PWD – Public Works Department REA – rapid environmental assessment checklist ROW – right-of-way RWRM – raw water rising mains RWGM – raw water gravity mains SEIAA – State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SNP – Sanchi Nagar Parishad

SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 TOR – term of reference UDHD – Urban Development & Housing Department ULB – urban local body UNESCO – United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WHO – World Health Organization WRD – Water Resource Department WSS – water supply scheme WTP – water treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

oC – degree centigrade kl – kiloliter km – kilometer LPCD – liters per capita per day m – meter mm – millimeter MCM – million cubic meter MLD – million liters per day km2 – square kilometer

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CONTENTS

Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Background 1 B. Report structure 2 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 A. Project Area 3 B. Proposed project component 4 III. POLICY, LEGAL &ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 30 A. ADB Policy 30 B. National environmental laws 30 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 40 A. Methodology used for Baseline Study 40 B. Baseline environmental profile 40 C. Built heritage structure at Sanchi 50 D. Site environmental features 56 E. Sensitive receptors 64 V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 67 A. Overview 67 B. Pre-construction impacts–design and location 67 C. Construction Impact 84 D. Operation & Maintenance Impact 93 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 96 A. Overview 96 B. Public Consultation 96 C. Information Disclosure 97 VII. PROJECT SPECIFIC GRIEVANCE READRESS MECHANISM 106 A. Introduction 106 B. Purpose of GRM Manual 106 C. Nature and Scope of Grievance Redress Mechanism under MPUSIP 107 D. Structure of GRM and its functions 107 E. Process of Grievance Redress Mechanism 110 F. Monitoring and Evaluation System of GRM 114 G. Process of Grievance Redress Mechanism 115 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 116 A. Environmental Management Plan 116 B. Implementation Arrangement 146 C. Safeguards Compliance Responsibilities 146 D. Monitoring and Reporting 148 E. EMP Implementation Cost 148 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 155

APPENDICES 1. Rapid Environment Assessment Checklist for Sanchi 2. Rapid Environment Assessment Checklist for Pachore 3. Record of stakeholder consultation (Photographs and Attendance sheet) for Sanchi town 4. Record of Stakeholder consultations (Photographs and Attendance sheet) for Pachore town 5. Water Allocation by WSFC for Sanchi & Pachore town 6. Water Analysis Report of Halali Dam 7. Salient features of Halali Dam 8. Water quality test report of Newaj River (Test Report- 1) (Dec. 2016) 9. Water quality test report of Newaj River (Test Report- 2) (Feb. 2018) 10. Water quality test report of Newaj River (Test Report- 3) (Feb. 2020) 11. National Ambient Air Quality Standards 12. National Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise 13. Vehicle Exhaust Emission Norms 14. Drinking Water Standards 15. Extract from Construction & Demolition Management Rules, 2016 16. Salient Features of Major Labor Laws Applicable to Establishments Engaged in Construction of Civil Works 17. Provide ward-wise population of subproject towns 18. Climatic characteristics of subproject district Raisen 19. Ground water Table- Pachore 20. Sample Grievance Registration Form 21. Guidance on Siting and facilities in Contractors Camps 22. Sample Outline Spoils (construction waste) Management Plan 23. Sample Outline Traffic Management Plan 24. Sample Environmental Site Inspection Report 25. Quarterly Reporting Format for Assistant Safeguards Officer 26. Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) report of Sanchi town 27. Minutes of meeting (MOM) on HIA of Sanchi town 28. Letter for ASI permission for repair work of Existing GLSR (100 kl) in the area of protected monuments 29. Letter for ASI permission for laying of water pipelines 30. IBAT Proximity Screening Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Government of Madhya Pradesh with loan funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB) has proposed to implement Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Project (MPUSIP), herein after referred as the Project. Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company Limited (MPUDC) shall be the Implementing Agency and the State Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD) shall be the executing agency for the Project.

The Project components are as follows:

(i) Component 1. Improvements to water supply and sewerage services in identified towns.

• Continuous, pressurized, safe and sustainable drinking water through private household metered connections in 59 towns in the State of Madhya Pradesh in Central India: and • Sewage collection and treatment services proposed initially in six towns (Sanchi, Maihar, Dhamnod, Nagda, Khajuraho and Rajnagar).

(ii) Component 2. Institutional Strengthening.

• Capacity Building of implementing agencies, participating Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and service utilities in contract management and service delivery for ensuring long term sustainability of services. • Setting up of geographic information system (GIS) based water and sanitation asset management and service delivery monitoring; and • Structured behavioural change campaigns to ensure the improvement in public health and cost recovery of service delivery.

(iii) Component 3. Project Management and Administration Support. This component will support the smooth and effective implementation and operation of the Project which includes expert support in Project design and implementation (design, procurement and Contract and Project Management, safeguards etc.), and project administration through executing and implementing agencies.

The key outcome envisaged from the project is “effective urban water service delivery model rolled out in selective urban clusters of the State with the objective of achieving the following performance indicators by the year 2022.

Subproject Detail. This Initial Environmental Examination report deals with water supply scheme of Sanchi and Pachore town in Raisen and Rajgarh district respectively in Madhya Pradesh. Improvement of water supply in towns is one of the projects proposed under the program. The area of Sanchi and Pachore town is 15 square kilometer (km2) and 25.79 km2 and population as per 2011 census is 8,401 and 27,405.

The Sanchi WSS include (i) Installation of submersible pump sets with floating pontoon in Halali Dam; (ii) Laying of raw water pumping mains (RWPM) of length 1980 meter (m) of dia. 200 millimeter (mm) of DI K-9 and raw water gravity mains (RWGM) of length 18700 m and dia. 250 mm of DI K-7 pipe; (iii) Proposed Break Pressure Tank (BPT) of capacity 70 kl; (iv) water treatment plant (WTP) of 2.50 MLD capacity; (v) Proposed 1 OHT of 200 kl in ward no. 13 and 1 ii

GSR of capacity 450 kl in ward no. 4; (vi) utilization of existing two numbers of GLSR of capacity 100 kl each; (vii) 855 m of clear water feeder mains of dia. 100 mm and 200 mm; and (viii) 14,177 m of dia. 75 to 280 mm, HDPE distribution lines proposed in Sanchi.

The Pachore WSS include (i) Utilization of existing weir of 3 m height and 150 m long across Newaj River; (ii) Utilization of existing intake cum jack well-constructed on Newaj River; (iii) Utilization of exiting 20 tube wells; (iv) Laying of RWRM of length 450 m of dia 350 mm of DI K-9 pipes (v) WTP of capacity 7.50 MLD (vi) laying of CWFM of length 5,210 m; (vii) Proposed 2 OHT of 800 kl and 200 kl capacity; and utilization of existing 3 OHT of existing 450 kl each; (v) 38,558 m of distribution lines proposed in Pachore.

Source Sustainability. For the Sanchi town, the demand of water supply for the year 2018, 2033 and 2048 are estimated to the tune of 1.70 MLD, 2.30 MLD and 3.00 MLD respectively. Thus, maximum of 3.00 MLD intakes from the source per annum i.e., 1100 ML (1.10 MCM) of drawl of water is to be ensured. Annual average recoupment of water in the Halali Dam every year is around 252.8 MCM which is 231 times than the annual water demand of Sanchi town. Since this dam is maintained by the WRD, GOMP, systematic data of the live capacity of the reservoir is been maintained. The live capacity data of the Halali Dam was procured, a time series analysis was carried out for the period April 2011- March 2014. During the four dry month the water requirement for the current (2018), intermediate (2033) and ultimate year (2048) is estimated at 0.153 MCM, 0.207 MCM and 0.270 MCM respectively. The average storage during these three months at Halali Dam is around 50 MCM. Thus, the water abstraction is minimal and is thus sustainable. The water quality testing at the abstraction point was carried out as per IS 10500: 2012; i.e., drinking water standard and it is found that all the parameter was under permissible limit.

For the Pachore town, the demand of water supply for the year 2018, 2033 and 2048 are estimated to the tune of 5.20 MLD, 7.00 MLD & 9.10 MLD respectively. In case of Pachore town presently the water is being sourced from the weir on the Newaj River. During the preparation of the Detailed Project Report, it was proposed, that to ensure water in weir is sufficient to meet the requirement for 2048 the height of the weir has to be raised from 3.0 m to 4.5 m. This would result in additional storage, but it also runs the risk of inundation of some private land adjoining the river. The DPR has thus proposed that a 1200 m (1.2 km) long retaining wall be built along the river to prevent inundation. However, subsequently MPUDC, WRD and the PMC (MPUSIP) had deliberations on these. A technical viewpoint which has emerged that for the intermediate year the existing storage can be sufficient provided losses are minimized (it is estimated that 40% of the water stored is lost). This would not only do away with the requirement of increasing the height of the weir but also eliminate the requirement of the retaining wall. The requirement of water demand for Pachore town is fulfilled by the existing surface source (i.e. Newaj River) supplement with Ground water source. In a particular year, the water demand for 8 months (July to February) will be fulfilled by surface source i.e. Newaj River. For the four dry months 1 MCM (considering that water level in the weir is till the top of the weir i.e. 406.5 m) water is available from surface water sources against a raw water requirement of 1.176 MCM (considering 40% losses). Thus, the remaining water i.e. 0.176 MCM is planned to be extracted from ground water sources (existing 20 tube wells, assuming an average discharge of 32.5 liters per minute per minute and 22 hrs working) over this 4-month period. Thus, the total discharge from the 20 tube wells is (32.5 x 60 x 120 x 22 x 20) 102.96 ML (or 10.296 Hectare meter) for the 4-month period i.e. 154.44 hectare meter (10.296 Ham X 15 yrs.). the allocation of ground water for Rajgarh Tehsil in which Pachore town is located) is 710 Hectare meter (for a 25 years period till 2033). Thus, amount of water supposed to be available (considering pro rata depletion) is 426 hectare- meters. The water extracted is thus 36% of the estimated water available in Rajgarh block. iii

Further, since no water would be withdrawn from the well during the 8 months of a year, there can be a possibility of an increase in yield.

The 4th meeting of Water Source Finalization Committee (WSFC) of MPUDC (MPUSIP) was held under the chairmanship of Deputy Project Director (technical), MPUDC, on 14.09.2016 at Conference Hall of M.P. Urban Development Co. Ltd., 8 Arera Hills Bhopal for examination and Finalization of Water supply source is identified sustainable water source for Sanchi and Pachore. The Committee approved the source subject to the reservation of water by the competent authority. As per Minutes of meeting of WSFC, the capacity of source is sufficient against the water requirement for the ultimate year is 3 MLD (1.10 MCM) for Sanchi town and 9.10 MLD (3.32 MCM). The Committee allocated and approved the required demand (refer Appendix 5 for report of WSFC).

Quality Assurance of Surface water source. Water quality test for check the water quality standard for drinking water of Sanchi and Pachore town as per IS- 10500 was conducted on Halali dam and Newaj River water source, it is proved to be good source based on the water sample test reports of Halali dam has been obtained from recognized laboratory for Sanchi town (refer Appendix 6); and also water quality of Newaj River for Pachore town proved to be good based on the water sample test report (refer Appendix 8, 9 and 10). The basic parameters of quality of raw water are proved to be good. Considering the parameters of the water sample collected, it is considered to be very good water source for the Towns. As IS-10500 gives details of standards for drinking water, the source selected is good as result came are very much close to potable water.

Screening and assessment of potential impacts. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB‟s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. The potential environmental impacts of the subproject have been assessed using ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Water Supply. Then potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction, construction and operation of the improved infrastructure.

The subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts because: (i) the components will involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized; (ii) predicted impacts are site-specific and likely to be associated with the construction process and are produced because the process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements; and (iii) being located mainly in an existing built-up area, will not cause direct impact on terrestrial biodiversity values. Potential negative impacts mainly arise from disturbance of residents, businesses, increase in traffic, increase in noise level and dusts, and the need to dispose moderate quantities of waste soil during construction phase and generation of sludge from the WTP during operation and maintenance phase. However, there are well-developed methods for mitigation of these impacts to acceptable levels.

Categorization. Based on results of the assessment and ADB SPS, the subproject is classified as environmental Category B, i.e., the subproject is judged to be unlikely to have significant adverse environmental impacts. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an environmental impact assessment are likely.

This IEE aims to (i) provide critical facts, significant finding, and recommended actions; (ii) present the national and local legal and institutional framework within which the environmental assessment has been carried out; (iii) provide information on existing geographic, ecological, iv

social and temporal context including associated facilities within the subproject’s area of influence; (iv) assess the subproject’s likely positive and negative direct and indirect impacts to physical, biological, socioeconomic, and physical cultural resources in the subproject’s area of influence; (v) identify mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated; (vi) describe the process undertaken during project design to engage stakeholders and the planned information disclosure measures and the process for carrying out consultation with affected people and facilitating their participation during project implementation; (vii) describe the subproject’s grievance redress mechanism for resolving complaints about environmental performance; (viii) present the set of mitigation measures to be undertaken to avoid, reduce, mitigate, or compensate for adverse environmental impacts; (ix) to describe the monitoring measures and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures; and (x) identify indicative costs and who is responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures.

Description of Environment. Proposed subproject component area under the Sanchi and Pachore in Raisen and Rajgarh District respectively. There is no ecological sensitive feature like forest, no water body inside the Sanchi and Pachore Municipal Council. For Sanchi WSS, Establishment of floating pontoon arrangement at Halali Dam. Raw water rising mains (RWRM) alignment from Halali dam to Break Pressure tank (BPT) site will be laid along the ROW of PWD road. RWRM of total 1.98 km passes through forest area (i.e. Raisen reserved forest), but this road is under the jurisdiction of PWD; and Raw water gravity mains (RWGM) alignment approx. 7.5 km out of 18.7 in between BPT to WTP will be passes through Raisen Reserved forest i.e. (i). Near Khoa village (approx. 3.0 km along PWD road), (ii) Muktapur (approx. 2.0 km along NH 86), (iii) Near Dhakna Chapna village (approx. 2.5 km along NH 86), but pipes will be laid within the ROW of road; but this road is under the jurisdiction of PWD and National Highway. Therefore, for pipe laying along the ROW of the National Highway and MDR a NOC is required from NHAI and PWD respectively. Subsequently permission has to be obtained from the Forest Department for the change in use of the land. Also, information will be given to the Forest Department prior to start of pipe laying work. Remaining RWGM from BPT to WTP will be laid on ROW of road under PWD and National Highway (NH- 86). RWGM from BPT to Berkhedi square will be laid on ROW of road under PWD and further laid on ROW of Road of NH- 86. Proposed BPT will be constructed on forest land near Khoa village under Raisen Reserved forest. Area of 225 sqm (15 m x 15m) is required for BPT construction; also, BPT site is located in forest land about 12 m away from the PWD road. Therefore, Diversion of Forest land would be required for the construction of the BPT prior to start of work; prior permission is required from forest department for construction of BPT, tree cutting, if any.This forest land is comes under Raisen Reserved forest; Raisen reserved forest is fairly dense and mixed type forest which has Teak (Tectona Grandis), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), Dhak (Butea monosperma) and shishum (Dalbergia Sissoo) type tree etc. Fauna is rarely found in this reserved forest. Sometimes observed the wildlife animals– Monkey, Blue Bull, Deer, Swamp deer (Barahsinga) and local Birds. Rest of the components – WTP, water tanks, distribution lines, connections etc., will be located within the urban areas. All the components are proposed on vacant government land.The immediate surroundings were converted into urban use for many years ago, and there is no natural habitat left at the subproject sites. In Sanchi town, there is world famous Sanchi stupa (Buddhist Monument) is protected by the ASI and listed in the UNESCO. There are no components- WTP/OHTs/GLSR lies inside the 300 m from outer boundary of protected monument (i.e. Sanchi Stupa Complex). The distance of proposed components from the outer boundary of protected/ prohibited area of Sanchi Stupa complex is mentioned in Table-12.

Sanchi, with rich its heritage and culture, is a UNESCO world heritage site and a renowned v

tourist destination attracting tourists from the world over. This is notified as World Heritage site by UNESCO in the year 1989.World famous Sanchi Stupa in Sanchi town protected by the ASI. The 'Great Stupa' at Sanchi is the oldest stone structure in India and was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BC. Clear Water Rising main (CWRM) is about 1013 m length will be laid within prohibited zone (0-100 m) and Raw Water Gravity Main (RWGM) of approximately length of 310 m and CWRM of 2174 m length will be laid within regulated zone (100m to 300m) from the ASI protected/ prohibited area. Both the CWRM and the RWGM will be laid within the ROW of existing road. Also, Distribution network of length about 1750 m will be laid within regulated zone in the ROW of ULB road. Also, the existing 100 kl GLSR is located within the protected area of Sanchi Stupa Complex. It is proposed to undertake minor repair of this 100 KL GLSR. . However, prior permission from ASI has to be obtained for repair work of existing GLSR-I (100 kl) & laying of pipe (i.e., CWRM and Distribution network) prior to start of work. Application has already been submitted to ASI Bhopal circle on dated 24 December 2019 for getting permission for repair work of existing GLSR-I and laying of new pipeline (i.e., CWRM and distribution network) (refer Appendix 28 and 29). Remaining pipeline will be laid along the roads/streets in the towns within the road right of way (ROW). In wider roads pipes will be laid in the road shoulder, and in narrow roads, where there is no space, pipes will be laid in the road carriage.

The natural landscape outside the Stupa no. 1 and the Chaitya Vihara are valued landscape for tourist. This primarily a rural area which has not been urbanized and present scenic landscape from the archaeological property. As part of the project a 23 m high OHT is planned in this landscape approximately 500 m from the site. This would not be in sync with the entire visual landscape and also developing such structure within the “cone of vision” of a World Heritage site is unwarranted. It was thus decided that the location of the 200 kl overhead tank would be shifted and the option of i) finding a suitable location outside the cone of vision, ii) consider increasing the size of the proposed 450 kl GLSR would be looked at during the detailed design stage

The Pachore Town is surrounded on one side i.e. by Newaj River. The other adjacent lands are covered by agricultural and open grassland. There is no reserve/protected forest in or adjacent to Pachore. Utilization of existing weir and intake well at Newaj River will be continued in the proposed scheme. There is no proper access to approach to intake well; proposed new raw water rising mains (RWRM) will be laid underground from the existing intake well to proposed WTP site passes through the agricultural land. None of the components however located on any forest land. Rest of the components – water treatment plant, Overhead tanks (OHTs), distribution lines, connections etc., will be located within the urban areas. Clear water transmission pipes, from WTP to distribution reservoirs will be fully within the towns. Project area experience a subtropical, humid subtropical climate is characterized by hot, humid summer, cold and dry winters and monsoon rains. While there is no natural habitat left within the town areas, the areas near river weir/intakes are comparatively intact though most of the lands there too converted into agricultural use. There are no protected areas, like wildlife sanctuaries, national parks; no any historically, archeologically protected areas in the vicinity. Towns are densely populated in the core/old town areas with narrow lanes, and small and closely built houses, while most of the areas are undeveloped and are still under agricultural use. Commercial areas are along the main roads, which are mostly congested with activities, pedestrians and traffic.

Environmental Management Plan. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Locations and sitting of the proposed infrastructures were considered to further reduce impacts. vi

These include (i) locating facilities on government-owned land to avoid the need for land acquisition and relocation of people; and (ii) laying of pipes in ROW alongside main/access roads, to reduce acquisition of land and impacts on livelihoods specifically in densely populated areas of the town.

The EMP includes design measures such as (i) selection of construction methodology near protected monuments as mentioned in the Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) Report prepared by School of Planning and Architecture (SPA), Bhopal & also followed the recommendation by ASI, having the excavation observed by person with archaeological knowledge for chance find etc.; (ii) No work would be initiated in the protected area either of laying of the Clear water main, distribution line network or repair of the 100 KL existing GLSR without the permission of the National Monument Authority/ Archaeological Survey of India; (iii) No detonation or explosives would be used within 1 Km of the protected area boundary; (iv) No excavation would be carried out using mechanical cutters only manual excavation is allowed in the “Prohibited Area”; (v)All work in the Sanchi Stupa Complex would be carried out under the direct supervision of ASI. The PMU would request the ASI for the supervision;(vi) The natural landscapes outside the precincts of Stupa No 1 in Sanchi Stupa Complex are a valued landscape for tourist. This primarily a rural area which has not been urbanized and present scenic landscape from the archaeological property. As part of the project an OHT 23 m high has been proposed in this landscape approx. 500 m from the Stupa No 1. (vii) Selection of sustainable water source;(viii) wash water recovery for the WTP to reduce effluent to be discharged; (ix)beneficial use of treated sludge; and (x) quick leak detection and rectification to save the resources, etc. During construction, the EMP includes mitigation measures such as (i) The DBO Contractor to develop separate Management Plan for Construction in Heritage Areas / Heritage Area Construction Management Plan for construction within the Protected area keeping into consideration any conditions proposed by ASI, and the measures suggested above; (ii) Change the location of the 200 KL OHT from the present location and find another suitable location outside the cone of vision to avoid natural landscape impact; (iii) implementation of traffic management plan in coordination with local traffic police to minimize traffic impacts; (iv) awareness campaigns and consultations to inform residents and businesses of potential disturbances; (v) provision of walkways and planks over trenches to ensure access will not be impeded;(vi) appropriate scheduling of works to avoid peak tourists as on in important places;(vii) use of noise- dampening measures in areas with sensitive receptors such as hospitals, schools, places of worships and other silence-zones; (viii) use of dust-suppression methods such as watering and /or covering of stockpiles; and (viii) finding beneficial use of excavated materials to extent possible to reduce the quantity that will be disposed off. As for the O&M phase, facilities will need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only. The design of the WTP includes dewatering and drying areas as part of sludge management. The EMP includes mitigation measures and monitoring plan to ensure compliance to environmental standards during O&M phase.

The EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company (MPUDC), project management unit (PMU), project implementing unit (PIU), consultants and contractors. The EMP will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non- detrimental manner; (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance onsite; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are vii

complied with. The EMP includes a monitoring program to measure the environmental condition and effectiveness so implementation of the mitigation measures. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries.

The contractor will be required to submit to PMU, for review and approval, a site environmental plan (SEP) including (i) proposed sites/ locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, laydown areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program as per SEP; and (iv) budget for SEP implementation. No works are allowed to commence prior to approval of SEP.

Consultation, disclosure and grievance redress mechanism. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through discussions on-site and public consultation at several places in the town, after which views expressed were incorporated in to the IEE and in the planning and development of the project. The IEE will be made available at public locations and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB, MPUDC and PMU websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation. A grievance redress mechanism is described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly.

Implementation Arrangements. Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD) of Government of Madhya Pradesh will be the Executing Agency. Implementing Agency will be Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company (MPUDC), A central Project Management Unit (PMU) attached to MPUDC will be responsible for implementing the MPUSIP. The PMU will be supported by Program Implementation Units (PIUs). Several teams of Design Consultants, and a Program Management Consultant (PMC) centrally located in PMU and with field teams, will support PMU and PIUs. Infrastructure will be designed, built, and operated (DBO) by contractor for 10 years, after which it will be transferred to the ULB. Project Officer (Environment) at PMU and Assistant Safeguard Officer (ASO) at each of the PIU will be responsible for environment safeguards tasks and will be supported by Environment Specialist of PMC Team. Contractor personnel will include an Environment, Health and Safety (EHS)supervisor.

Monitoring and Reporting. The PMU and PMC will be responsible for monitoring. The PMC will submit quarterly and semi-annual monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will review and send the semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website.

Potential Environment Impact: Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to construction and operation of the improved infrastructure. No impacts were identified as being due to the subproject design or location. An EMP is proposed as part of this IEE which includes (i) mitigation measures for significant heritage impacts during implementation; (ii) mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation, (iii) environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation, monitoring, and reporting; (iv) public consultation and information disclosure; and (v) Grievance redress mechanism. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs.

Environmental impacts arise due to the project design or because of the locations chosen for the project components are not significant. The proposed water supply schemes include existing water source i. e. Newaj River. Scheme includes utilization of existing weir (for only one town). Existing weir across Newaj River is being utilized for the storage of water to meet the water demand. In view of sustainability of source, it is planned to supplement surface water with viii

ground water which is being used currently with 20 no’s existing tube wells (yield ranging from 26 to 39 liters per minute). Following details of source selected for Pachore towns:

(i) The source of the Pachore water supply scheme (WSS) is River Newaj. This river is not a perennial river. No flow data is available as there is no gauging station on the river. As per information gathered from the local authority, the flows for about 8 months, mostly during monsoon, from July to December. Flow is considerable very high during the months of July to September; flow reduces significantly during the months from December to February, and flow is very low in the month of March to April and river is completely dry in the month of May & June. Hence, the storage capacity of existing weir is not sufficient to fulfil the water demand of Pachore town. So, it is planned to supplement surface water with ground water which is being used currently with 20 no’s existing tube wells (yield ranging from 26 to 39 liters per minute) to cater the water demand for Intermediate year 2033. According to proposal based on DPR, the proposed weir for Pachore town has been discarded due submergence/ flooding of private land. So that any submergence/ flooding of private land should be avoided. Also, proposed retaining wall has been discarded as per present proposal.

As existing weir is being utilized in the proposed water supply scheme of Pachore town. The height of riverbanks is greater than height of existing weir (3.0 m) so as to limit the water storage / submergence to river course. Therefore, there are no impacts due to submergence/ flooding in the private land. Given the small storage compared to the total volume of water available in the river, no significant impacts envisaged on downstream. Given intermittent nature of rivers, there are no notable sensitive environmental features. There is no notable, protected or unique aquatic life in the river, and the fish is limited to local common species. Existing weir has constructed as a vented structure, with open rectangular vents and gates (i.e. 20 nos.). On the sill there are vertical slots to insert removable gates; gates are closed prior to end of monsoon flows and opened prior to onset of heavy monsoon flows; this arrangement avoids silt accumulation and also prevents obstruction of heavy monsoon flows.

During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to excavate large areas which can result to increase in dust and noise levels, disturbance to residents and businesses along the delivery routes, and traffic. These are common impacts of construction in built-up areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation.

Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to be conducted during construction and operation stages. The environmental monitoring program will ensure that all measures are implemented and will determine whether the environment is protected as intended. It will include observations on-and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. Any requirements for remedial action will be reported to the MPUSIP.

The main impacts of operating the improved water supply system will be beneficial to the citizens of all towns because they will be provided with equitable distribution and supply of water.

Monitoring and Reporting the PMU and PMC will be responsible for monitoring. The PMC will submit quarterly and semi-annual monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will review and send the semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website.

Conclusions and Recommendations. The proposed project is therefore unlikely to cause ix

significant adverse impacts. The potential impacts that are associated with design, construction and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant impacts and the classification of the project as Category “B” is confirmed. No further special study or detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS (2009) or GOI EIA Notification (2006). Project will require following government permission/approvals: (i) permission of WRD, GOMP for water abstraction for Sanchi and Pachore from Halali dam and Newaj River respectively; (ii) consent for construction of WTP in government land and establishment and consent for operation for WTP from Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board (iii) Permission from Forest department, GOMP- Diversion of Forest land would be required for the construction of Break Pressure Tank (BPT) and tree cutting, if any; and for pipe laying along the ROW of the National Highway and MDR an NOC is required from NHAI and PWD respectively. Subsequently permission has to be obtained from the Forest Department for the change in use of the land; (iv) Permission has to be obtained ASI, GOMP for repair work of existing GLSR-100 KL & laying of pipeline (i.e. Clear water rising main and distribution network) prohibited and regulated zone (i.e. in between 100 m – 300 m) of protected monuments. These permissions/approvals shall be obtained prior to invitation of bids.

This IEE will be updated during the detailed design stage by the DBO contractor to reflect the HIA findings. This will be reviewed and approved by PMU. Contractor will also conduct any environmental monitoring of baseline conditions of air, noise, water and soil as applicable and the same will be reflected in the updated IEE. The updated IEE shall be submitted to ADB for approval and no works can commence prior to securing ADB approval and clearance.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

1. Project background and context. Government of Madhya Pradesh with loan funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB) has proposed to implement Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Project (MPUSIP), herein after referred as “the Project‟. Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company Limited (MPUDC) shall be the Implementing Agency and the State Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD) shall be the executing agency for the Project.

2. The Project components are as follows:

(i) Component 1. Improvements to water supply and sewerage services in identified towns.

(a) Continuous, pressurized, safe and sustainable drinking water through private household metered connections in 59 towns in the State of Madhya Pradesh in Central India; and (b) Sewage collection and treatment services proposed initially in 6 identified towns (Sanchi, Maihar, Dhamnod, Nagda, Khajuraho and Rajnagar).

(ii) Component 2. Institutional Strengthening.

(a) Capacity Building of implementing agencies, participating Urban Local Bodies (ULB) and service utilities in contract management and service delivery for ensuring long term sustainability of services. (b) Setting up of geographic information system (GIS) based water and sanitation asset management and service delivery monitoring; and (c) Structured behavioural change campaigns to ensure the improvement in public health and cost recovery of service delivery.

3. Subproject Details. Under this package water supply schemes of two towns are be developed namely Sanchi and Pachore. Sanchi is located approximately 46 km north east of the state capital Bhopal. Sanchi and Pachore are located in Raisenand Rajgarh District respectively. The objectives of proposed Water Supply System are to supply safe wholesome water in adequate quantity at convenient points and at reasonable cost to the users. In order to encourage personal and household hygiene, proper planning is necessary in the formulation and implementation of scheme. The objectives of proposing new Scheme for town are: (i) Long term sustainability and equity of water service provision (ii) Maintaining a balance between supply and demand (iii) Financing the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure and expansion of new infrastructure (iv) Appropriate institutional structures to provide autonomy, accountability and incentives (v) Operations & Maintenance (O&M), Cost Recovery and tariffs (vi) Human resources, systems, and equipment capacity building for efficient working environment. 2

4. Purpose of IEE Report: This IEE is prepared for Sanchiand Pachorewater supply improvement sub project consisting Sanchi and Pachore towns. The sub project includes civil works, project implementation and management, and non- physical investments. A detailed description of the components is provided in Section 2. The project area covers the area of Sanchi in Raisen District and Pachore in Rajgarh District. This draft IEE is based on the detailed engineering report prepared by the PPTA team and will be finalized during detailed design stage to reflect any changes and latest subproject design.

5. This IEE report covers the general environmental profile of Sanchi and Pachhore towns and includes an overview of the potential environmental impacts and the magnitude on physical, ecological, economic, and social and cultural resources within the subproject’s influence are during design, construction, and operation stages. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is also proposed as part of this report which includes mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation of the Project, environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation and monitoring.

B. Report structure

6. This report contains the following 9 sections excluding Executive Summary:

(i) Introduction. (ii) Description of the Project. (iii) Policy, legal and administrative framework. (iv) Description of the environment. (v) Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures. (vi) Public consultation and information disclosure. (vii) Grievances redress mechanism. (viii) Environmental management plan and (ix) Conclusion and recommendation

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Area

7. This report presents the proposed water supply scheme of Sanchi and Pachore town. Two separate water supply schemes have been prepared for these 2 town , but for the purpose of bidding and other administrative purpose these have been considered as one package. Technically and functionally there are no linkages between the schemes of these two towns. Sanchi and Pachore are located in Raisen and Rajgarh District respectively. Subproject town Sanchi is located at a distance of 140 km from the Pachore town.

8. Sanchi, with rich its rich heritage and culture, is a UNESCO world heritage site and a renowned tourist destination attracting tourists from the world over. This is notified as World Heritage site by UNESCO in the year 1989. Sanchi town lies at a distance of about 10 km from Vidisha (Besnagar) and 46 km northeast to Bhopal, in the heart of the Madhya Pradesh state. The Town serves as a Nagar Parishad in the Raisen district. It lies along National Highway 86 which connects Bhopal & Vidisha & at the bank of river Betwa. Nearest airport is at Bhopal & nearest Railway station is at Sanchi. The area of the town is spread over in 15 km2 and the population of town as per 2011 census is 8401.

9. Pachore Town lies at a distance of about 60 km from the District Headquarter Rajgarh and 106 km from capital Bhopal. The town of Pachore lies on the National Highway (NH) - 3. There is direct railway linkage to Pachore. The nearest railway stations are in Biaora, Shujalpur and Sarangpur. Pachore can only be reached by road. In fact, the town is well-connected to other places of significant importance in the state. The area of the town is spread over in 25.69 km2 and the population of town as per 2011 census is 27,405.

Figure 1: Location of Subproject towns Sanchi and Pachore

10. Presently water supply system in Sanchi is based on ground water sources (33 hand pumps and 10 tube wells). Two GLSR are available and constructed in year 1997. Water supply distribution system of 11 km of GI & ACP was laid down from year 2003 to 2008. Presently it is estimated that through the existing water supply system only 50 LPCD water is being supplied to the town which is very low as per the norms of CPHEEO Manual. Since the water supply distribution system is laid in parts and haphazard manner, it is estimated that there are losses at the rate of 40%. Only about 72% population of the town is covered by the present water supply arrangement and therefore needs water supply augmentation and improvement scheme to be executed on priority. There are 2 GLSR of capacities 100 kl each located in Wards 08 and 04. It is proposed to utilize these two as part of the proposed water supply scheme of Sanchi.

11. Presently water supply system in Pachore is based on a mix of both surface water source & ground water source depending on the availability. A weir having length 150 m approx. & 3 m height was constructed on Newaj River in year 1987 by irrigation department. Around 2000, Irrigation department handed over the weir to PHE department for drinking water supply. Subsequently it was transferred to Pachore municipality around 6 year ago (i.e. in 2012-2013) for drinking water supply to Pachore town. Thus, the present weir is used for domestic water supply to Pachore town and under the custody of Pachore municipality. No flow record at weir has been maintained by the Pachore Municipality. For lifting of surface water, an intake well is already constructed on Newaj River. It is proposed to use the existing weir and intake well for the proposed water supply scheme. Also, some part of town dependent on 20 tube well & 25 hand pump. Two number of OHT’s having capacity 450 kl each are available in town. A third OHT having capacity 450 KL is under construction. Presently, water supply distribution system in Pachore of 15.0 km of GI & ACP was laid down around year 2000. Presently it is estimated that only 52 LPCD water is being supplied to the town which is very less as per the norms specified by CPHEEO. Since the water supply distribution system is laid in parts and is in a haphazard manner, it causes water supply losses. It is estimated that the water loss is at the rate of more than 45%. Only about 60 % population of town is covered by water supply arrangement and therefore water supply augmentation and improvement scheme needs to be executed on priority.

Figure 2: Photograph of Existing weir across Newaj River

B. Proposed project component

12. Proposed water supply scheme in Sanchi and Pachore is needs to be implemented for population of 18,200 and 55,600 respectively for a year 2048 (Ultimate Year of Design) 5 considering 135 LPCD water supply. Surface source are being considered as a source to ensure adequate quantity, quality and desired pressure at each household.

1. Summary of the Proposed Components

13. The main components of the subproject are: (i) construction/ augmentation/rehabilitation of the existing intake well; (ii) laying of raw water rising main; (iii) construction of water treatment plant with pumping and other facilities to deliver uninterrupted water supply; (iv) construction ground level service reservoir (GLSR)/ Overhead tanks (OHT); (v) distribution network; and (vi) household connections. Details of water supply components in proposed water supply scheme in Sanchi and Pachore is given in Table 1. The key plan of the Water Supply System (WSS) at Sanchi and Pachore is presented in Figure 8 and 15 respectively.

Table 1: Summary for proposed WSS component of Sanchiand PachoreTown S. No Particulars Sanchi Pachore I. Population 1 Base year (2018) 10,000 32,200 2 Intermediate year 13,700 43,500 (2033) 3 Design year (2048) 18,200 56,600 II. Water Demand (MLD) 1 Base year (2018) 1.70 5.20 2 Intermediate year 2.30 7.00 (2033) 3 Design year (2048) 3.00 9.10 III. Source 1 Alternatives 1. Extracting Ground Water, 1. Extracting Ground Water, 2. Halali Dam, 2. Newaj River, 3. Betwa River 3. Khushalpura dam 2 Selected source Halali Dam- Halali dam was Newaj River & Existing Tube wells- constructed on Halali River in For the Pachore town, the demand of Vidisha district of Madhya water supply for the year 2018, 2033 Pradesh. It was commissioned in & 2048 are estimated to the tune of 1997. Halali Dam is also known 5.20 MLD, 7.00 MLD & 9.10 MLD as Samrat Ashok Sagar Dam. It respectively. is a Medium irrigation project. For the Sanchi town, the demand The water demand of Pachore town of water supply for the year will be fulfilled by existing surface and 2018, 2033 & 2048 are estimated ground water source. In a particular to the tune of 1.70 MLD, 2.30 year, the water demand for 8 months MLD & 3.00 MLD respectively. (July to February) will be fulfilled by Thus, maximum of 3.00 MLD surface source i.e. Newaj River and it intake form the source per is planned to supplement surface annum i.e. 1095 ML (1.095 water with ground water which is MCM) of drawl of water is to be being used currently with 20 no’s ensured. Annual average existing tube wells. So, water demand recoupment of water in the Halali for remaining 4 months (March to Dam every year is around June) will be fulfilled by ground water 252.8 MCM which is 231 times source. than the annual water demand of Sanchi town (Source: WRD). IV. Proposed system 1 From source to Raw water abstraction from Raw water abstraction from Newaj 6

S. No Particulars Sanchi Pachore consumer supply Halali Dam→ Floating pontoon River → Existing weir/ Anicut → Arrangement → raw water Existing Intake well → raw water transmission (pumping/gravity) transmission (pumping/gravity) → → treatment → clear water treatment → clear water transmission transmission → storage → → storage → distribution → house distribution → house connections connections & meters & meters V. Proposed components 1 Weir Existing dam- Halali Dam Already constructed Existing weir of 3 m height and 150 m long on Newaj river would be used for the extraction of water. (Latitude- 23.7245 and Longitude- 76.721346) 2 Water intake Submersible Floating Pumps Already constructed (Floating pontoon) proposed at (Latitude- 23.72039 and Longitude- Halali Reservoir. 76.721850). 3 Raw water Raw water pumping mains Raw water pumping mains of 450 m transmission (RWPM) of 1980 m length -200 length -350 mm dia DI K9 pipe mm dia. DI K9 pipe and Raw water gravity mains (RWGM) of Dia. (in Length Materials length 18700 m and 250 mm dia. mm) (in m) Raw water pipe will be along 350 450 DI K-9 Halali dam Salamatpur road to Total 450 DI K-9 WTP site within the RoW of PWD road part of which would be through forest area.

Raw water gravity mains (RWGM) of 310 m length will be laid in regulated zone (between 100-300m); work will only be conducted with prior permission of NMA.

Dia. (in Length Materials mm) (in m) 200 1980 DI K-9 250 18700 DI K-9 Total 20680 DI K-9

4 Break Pressure Capacity: 70 KL - Tank (BPT) Location: On a Forest Land (i.e. Raisen Reserved forest) near Khoa Village (Distance of 1980 m from the source Halali Dam) Distance from Sanchi Stupa Complex: 17,695 m and 17,303 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. (Please refer Table: 12) 5 Water Treatment Capacity: 2.50 MLD Capacity: 7.50 MLD 7

S. No Particulars Sanchi Pachore Plant (WTP) Process/components (same for Process/components (same for all all towns): Coagulation & towns): Coagulation & flocculation, flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sedimentation, rapid gravity filtration, gravity filtration, chlorination, chlorination, wash water recovery, wash water recovery, sludge sludge drying beds, tube settlers & drying beds, tube settlers & miscellaneous infra (compound wall, miscellaneous infra (compound landscaping, lighting, rest rooms etc.) wall, landscaping, lighting, rest rooms etc.) Location: On a government land Location: On a government land (Land is under possession of (owned by Revenue department, ULB) Total required land for GOMP) of Khasra No – 152 inside the WTP is 0.34 ha out of 2.619 ha municipal boundary at ward no. 3. from Khasra no. 49, Behind the Dr. Hedgewar Colony in ward no. 13.

Distance from Sanchi Stupa Complex:740 m and 382 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. 6 Clear water Pump house within WTP. Pump house within WTP. pumping station Centrifugal pumps- 6 nos. (2 Centrifugal pumps-2 nos (2 numbers numbers of each 7.5 HP, 5.0 HP of each 10 HP and 55HP) and 25HP) 7 Reservoirs / tanks Proposed Overhead tanks – 1 Proposed Two number of new OHT of nos. of capacity of 200 kl in ward capacity 800 kl (Revenue land, no 13; 1 no. of GLSR of capacity Khasra no.: 1333/1) and 200 KL 450 KL in ward no. 04. Both (Revenue land, Khasra no.: 331/1) lands are government owned. Type Capacity Status Type Capacity Status OHT-I 200 Proposed OHT-III 800 Proposed GSLR- 450 Proposed OHT- V 200 Proposed III

Distance from Sanchi Stupa Complex: (i) OHT: 200 kl-620 m and 242 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. (ii) Proposed GLSR- III: 450 kl-1094 m and 994 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. 8 Repair of Existing The GSLR- 1 (100 KL) & GLSR- - 8

S. No Particulars Sanchi Pachore GLSR- I &II II (100 KL) in the Ward 4 & Ward 8 respectively would be undergoing minor repairs.

Distance from Sanchi Stupa Complex: (i) Existing GLSR- I: 100 KL-it is within the ASI protected boundary. (ii) Existing GLSR- II: 100 KL- 1194 m and 1004 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. 9 Clear water 3855 m; From the clear water 5210 m; transmission sump (at WTP) to service From the clear water sump (at WTP) reservoirs to service reservoirs

Dia. (in Length Materials Dia. (in Length Materials mm) (in m) mm) (in m) 100 1920 DI K-9 100 2000 DI K-9 200 1935 DI K-9 150 250 DI K-9 Total 3855 DI K-9 200 1500 DI K-9 250 610 DI K-9 Clear water rising mains 300 850 DI K-9 (CWRM) of 1013 m length will be Total 5210 DI K-9 laid in prohibited zone (0-100 m) and 2174 m length will be laid in Location: along a public road within regulated zone (between 100- the ROW 300m); work will only be conducted with prior permission of NMA.

Location: along a public road within the ROW. 10 Distribution network 14177m– 75 mm to 280 mm 38558m– 75 mm to 400 mm HDPE HDPE Dia. (in Length Materials Dia. (in Length Materials mm) (in m) mm) (in m) 75 23852 HDPE 75 8742 HDPE 90 3692 HDPE 90 954 HDPE 110 2492 HDPE 110 1114 HDPE 140 3015 HDPE 125 678 HDPE 160 1155 HDPE 160 992 HDPE 200 1251 HDPE 180 462 HDPE 250 874 HDPE 200 134 HDPE 280 702 HDPE 225 202 HDPE 315 206 HDPE 250 172 HDPE 400 290 DI 280 726 HDPE Total 38,558 Total 14,177 HDPE Location: Along the public roads in Distribution network of 1750 m the entire town 9

S. No Particulars Sanchi Pachore length will be laid in regulated zone (between 100-300m) from the outer boundary of protected monuments; work will only be conducted with prior permission of NMA. Location: Along the public roads in the entire town. 11 Bulk flow meters Will be installed as per Will be installed as per requirement requirement 12 Consumer 1910 no’s 6366 no’s connects with meters

14. Source of Water: In Sanchi three sources were considered namely i) Ground water ii) Halali Dam and iii) Betwa River. To prevent further depletion of Ground water the Surface water source at Halali was identified. The reasons for selection of Betwa over the Halali are presented in the later section of the report.

15. In case of Pachore town presently the water is being sourced from the anicut on the Newaj River. During the preparation of the Detailed Project Report, it was proposed, that to ensure water in anicut is sufficient to meet the requirement for 2048 the height of the anicut has to be raised from 3.0 m to 4.5 m This would result in additional storage but it also runs the risk of inundation of some private land adjoining the river. The DPR has thus proposed that a 1200 m (1.2 km) long retaining wall be built along the river to prevent inundation.

16. However, subsequently MPUDC, WRD and the PMC (MPUSIP) had deliberations on these. A technical viewpoint which has emerged that for the intermediate year the existing storage can be sufficient provided losses are minimized (it is estimated that 40% of the water stored is lost). This would not only do away with the requirement of increasing the height of the anicut but also eliminate the requirement of the retaining wall. For the ultimate year however, an alternate source is being considered. Even though in principle decisions have been taken not to increase the height of the weir/anicut from 3.0 m to 4.5 m and also develop the retaining wall of 1200 m (1.2 km) (vide mail 7 February 2020) the final decision can only be arrived after the DBO Contractor carries out the detailed engineering studies of the weir and develops the detailed design.

2. Description of the Important Individual Components

17. Reservoirs. The water for the Sanchi Town would be obtained from the Halali Dam (Samrat Ashok Sagar Dam). Halali dam was constructed on Halali River in Vidisha district of Madhya Pradesh. It was commissioned in 1997. Halali Dam was also known as Samrat Ashok Sagar Dam. It is a Medium irrigation project. The salient features of Halali Dam are listed in Table 2. The Halali Dam is located around 22 Km from the town. It is situated in Vidisha District. The distance of the reservoir from the town is very long but the Quantity of the water for Sanchi is ensured from the reservoir. Total catchment of the reservoir is 699 km2.

Table 2: Salient features of Halali dam source S. No. Particulars Details 10

S. No. Particulars Details General Data 1 Name of the Dam Samrat Ashok Sagar (Halali) Dam 2 General Location Latitude: 23°30'N Longitude: 77°30'E 3 Nearest City/ town Salamatpur (Raisen) 4 Year of Commissioning 1973 5 Year of Completion 1997 6 Average Annual rainfall 1099 mm 7 River Halali 8 Altitude 458 m above MSL 9 Catchment Area 699 sq. km 10 Major Inflowing River Halali, Chamari, Firozi 11 Major Out flowing River Halali Details of Dam 12 Dam type Earthen Dam 13 Length of Dam 945 m 14 Depth of Dam 29.57 m 15 Length of Spillway 41.16 m 16 Number of Spillway 02 17 Crest Level of Spillway 459.76 m 18 Size of Spillway 2.13 m x 2.44 m 19 Surface Area at Full Res. Level 252.85 km2 20 Surface Area at Dead Res. Level 25.90 km2 Reservoir Level 21 Maximum Water Level 464.33 m 22 Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 458.54 m 23 Minimum Draw Down Level 451.38 m 24 Lowest Storage Level (LSL) 448.95 m Reservoir Capacity Data 25 Total Volume of Dam 678.27 TCM 26 Gross Storage at Max. Water Level 252.8 MCM 27 Live Storage 226.09 MCM 28 Dead Storage 26.71 MCM 29 Spillway Capacity 1136 MCM Reservoir Level Monitoring (2010 to 2014) 30 Live Storage 169.56 MCM 31 Live Storage during summer 58.908 MCM (April to June) Submergence 31 Submergence Area 5.259 Th. Ha. Benefits of Dam 32 Purpose of Dam Irrigation cum flood protection 33 Water supply Raisen & Sanchi water supply Source: FAO & WRD, GOMP.

18. As discussed earlier the anicut at Pachore on Newaj River was constructed in 1997 by Irrigation department and subsequently handed over to the Pachore Nagar Parishad for drinking water purpose. Presently it is under the custody of Pachore municipality.

3. Source Sustainability Analysis 11

19. Source Sustainability for Sanchi Town. The water for the Sanchi Town would be sourced from the Halali Dam. Since this dam is maintained by the WRD systematic data of the live capacity of the reservoir is been maintained. The live capacity data of the Halali Dam was procured1 and a time series analysis was carried out for the period April 2011- March 2014. The results presented in Figure 3 indicate maximum average live storage is around 250 MCM while during the dry summer (April – June) month the average live capacity is around 50 MCM. The 4th meeting of Water Source Finalization Committee (WSFC) of MPUDC (MPUSIP) was held under the chairmanship of Deputy Project Director (technical), MPUDC, on 14 September 2016 at Conference Hall of M.P. Urban Development Co. Ltd., 8 Arera Hills Bhopal. Examination and Finalization of Water supply source is identified sustainable water source for Sanchi and Pachore. The Committee approved the source subject to the reservation of water by the competent authority. As per Minutes of meeting of WSFC, the capacity of source is sufficient against the water requirement for the ultimate year is 3 MLD (1.10 MCM) for Sanchi town and 9.10 MLD (3.32 MCM). The Committee allocated and approved the required demand (Also, refer Appendix 5 for report of WSFC).

Figure 3: Live Storage of the Halali Dam (April 2011- March 2014)

Source: MPWRD.

20. The daily and annual water demand (provide in parenthesis) for the town for current (2018), intermediate (2033) and ultimate year (2048) is 1.70 MLD (0.6205 MCM/year), 2.30 MLD (0.8395 MCM/year), 3.00 MLD (1.095 MCM/ year) respectively. Annual average recoupment of water in the Halali Dam every year is around 252.8 MCM which is 231 times than the annual water demand of Sanchi town.

21. Further during the four dry month the water requirement for the current (2018), intermediate (2033) and ultimate year (2048) is estimated at 0.153 MCM,0.207 MCM and 0.270 MCM respectively. The average storage during these three months at Halali Dam is around 50 MCM. Thus, the water abstraction is minimal and is thus sustainable.

1 www.eims1.mpwrd.gov.in 12

22. Source Sustainability at Pachore. The water for the Pachore town would be drawn from the weir. The water demand for the current year (2018), intermediate year (2033) and Final year (2048) is presented in Table 3.

Table 3 : Water requirement for the Pachore Town Water Requirement of Sanchi 2018 2033 2048 Daily requirement (MLD) 5.2 7 9.1 For the 4 months (ML) 624 840 1092 For four month (MCM) 0.624 0.84 1.092 Water Storage requirement for 4 months (Considering 0.8736 1.176 1.5288 40% loss at the Weir) in MCM Source: Detailed Project Report

23. As discussed earlier the water flows in the Newaj River for approximately 8 months (however, flow data of the Newaj River is not available as there are no gauging station on this river). Thus, for the 8 month the entire raw water requirement for Pachore can be obtained from the surface water source.

24. In case of the remaining four month the water stored in the weir has to be used. The storage of water has been estimated in the Table 4 below:

Table 4: Water Storage Capacity of the Weir on Newaj River Sr. Level Area in Vol. in Cu. Vol Capacity Capacity No. (m) m2 cum in cum in ML in MCM 1 403.5 266391 2 404 297362 140867.3 140867.3 140.87 0.14 3 405 335860 316415.8 457283.1 457.28 0.46 4 406 367415 351519.5 808802.5 808.8 0.81 5 406.5 384135.5 367766.8 1000810 1000.81 1.00 6 407 400856 384014.1 1192817 1192.82 1.19 7 408 433436 417039.9 1609857 1609.86 1.61 8 409 419341.5 426369.3 2036226 2036.23 2.04 9 410 454230 436669.6 2472896 2472.9 2.47 10 411 528053.4 490678.7 2963574 2963.57 2.96 11 412 674184.6 599633.3 3563208 3563.21 3.56 From the topographical surveys it was established that: • Base RL of the Weir- 403.5 m • top of the Weir- 406.5 m

25. Thus, even for the four dry months 1 MCM (considering that water level in the weir is till the top of the weir i.e. 406.5 m) water is available from surface water sources against a raw water requirement of 1.176 MCM (considering 40% losses). Thus, the remaining water i.e. 0.176 MCM is planned to be extracted from ground water sources over this 4-month period. The water available from the existing 20 tube wells has been estimated. As per the DPR the yield estimated for the tube wells is 26-39 liters /minute. Assuming an average discharge of 32.5 liters per minute and 22 hrs working of the tube well the total discharge from the20 tube wells is (32.5 x 60 x 120 x 22 x 20) 102.96 ML (or 10.296 Hectare meter) for the 4-month period. 13

26. As per CGWB the allocation of ground water for Rajgarh Tehsil in which Pachore town is located) is 710 Hectare meter (for a 25 years period till 2033). Thus, amount of water supposed to be available (considering pro rata depletion) is 426 hectare-meters. The amount of water which is planned to be extracted till the intermediate year is 154.44-hectaremeter (10.296 Ham X 15 yrs.). The water extracted is thus 36% of the estimated water available in Rajgarh block. Further, since no water would be withdrawn from the well during the 8 months of a year, there can be a possibility of an increase in yield.

4. Climate Variability and Sustainability of the Sources

27. Madhya Pradesh State Action Plan on Climate Change has developed scenarios for rainfall projection in each district of the state. The plan provides a projection of the rainfall considering a Representative Concentration pathway 2 4.5 (RCP 4.5 3 ) and RCP 8.5 4 in mid- century and end-century. The mean mid-century rainfall in Raisen and Rajgarh districts for RCP 8.5 is 1155.0 mm and 906.10 mm, while that for RCP 4.5 scenario is 1186.0 mm and 897.80 mm respectively. These are pictographically provided in Figure 4. The decadal annual average rainfall of Raisen and Rajgarh are 990.32 mm and 991.14 mm. Thus, with an RCP 4.5 scenario there would be no decrease in the rainfall in these two districts thus sufficient water would be available in the rivers over the life of the project.

Figure 4: The Rainfall Variability Scenarios in Raisen and Rajgarh District

2 A Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) is a greenhouse gas concentration (not emissions) trajectory adopted by the IPCC. 3 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 is a scenario that stabilizes radiative forcing at 4.5 Watts per meter squared in the year 2100 without ever exceeding that value and by employment of a range of technologies and strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 4 The Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 corresponds to a high greenhouse gas emissions pathway. It is also assumed that RCP8.5 is a so-called ‘baseline’ scenario that does not include any specific climate mitigation target. The greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations in this scenario increase considerably over time, leading to a radiative forcing of 8.5 W/m2 at the end of the century. 14

28. Intake. A new floating pontoon will be set up at Sanchi but in case of Pachore the existing intake will be used after augmentation/ rehabilitation. Augmentation/ rehabilitation of the old intake well will include supply, erection (installation), testing and commissioning replacement of pumps and machineries, repair of civil structures, electrical panels and safety features etc. In Sanchi a Submersible Pump sets with floating Barrage/Pontoon whereas in Pachore the existing structure as presented in Figure 5 would be used.

Figure 5: Existing water abstraction Structure in Pachore Town (to be used after rehabilitation

29. Audit of the Existing Intake Well (Pachore). During the design and planning process, the existing intake well at Pachore was thoroughly inspected and audited for the environmental concerns. In addition to assess the structural integrity and physical condition a separate study have been carried out in the DPR. The findings of the environmental audit are as follows:

(i) Rubber mats are missing near the electrical panel. (ii) Intake well is operated by municipal staff who are not trained on occupational health safety. (iii) Dampness in the walls is observed. (iv) Workers are not wearing PPEs used during operations. (v) Electrical safety is not properly maintained.

Figure 6: Photographs of Existing Intake well

30. Audit of Existing GLSRs (Sanchi). Existing GLSR- 1 (100 KL) & GLSR- 2 (100 KL) at Sanchi is proposed to minor repairing/ rehabilitation work. Repair / Rehabilitation work includes the repairing work of plugging of water leakages and painting work only.

Figure 7: Photograph of Existing GLSR 1 and 2

Existing GLSR- 1 Existing GLSR- 2

31. Transmission System. In Sanchi the proposed length of Raw water transmission system is 1980 m with 200 mm dia DK 9 pipe while in Pachore the WTP is relatively closer and the raw Water main only travels 450 m (350 mm dia pipe). In case of the Sanchi the raw watermains passes across a hillock. Raw water from Halali Dam will be pumped to a break pressure tank approx. 1980 m from the intake location at Halali-Salamatpur road. From Break pressure tank water will flow in account of gravity to WTP at Sanchi. The schematic diagram of the Break Pressure tank is presented in Figure 10. It is proposed to have a new network, the entire AC pipes with HDPE pipes as part of the present program. However, none of the AC pipes would be disturbed during construction and would remain in-situ.

32. Water Treatment Plant at Sanchi (2.5 MLD) and Pachore (7.5 MLD): A conventional WTP of 2.5 MLD and 7.5 MLD capacity is proposed to be constructed at Sanchi and Pachore respectively. Both these plants are located in the outer limits of the town It has been designed for the intermediate year as per Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) Guidelines. Adequate land area is available for the proposed WTP and the land is under the ownership of respective urban local bodies Government of Madhya Pradesh, The WTP plot location on the Google map and the layout of the plant for Sanchi is presented in Figure 12 and 14 while that of Pachore is presented in Figure 17 and 19 respectively.

33. As per the proposed layout the proposed 2.50 MLD and 7.5 MLD conventional water treatment plant at Sanchi and Pachore will have following units:

(i) Cascade Aeration (ii) Flash Mixer (iii) Clariflocculator (iv) Rapid Gravity Sand Filter House (v) Clear Water Sump (vi) Chlorine Contact Tank (vii) Treated Water Storage Tank (viii) Treated Water Pump House (ix) Dirty Backwash Sump (x) Sludge Collection Sump & Pump (xi) Sludge Drying Bed (xii) Chemical House (xiii) Chlorination Room (xiv) Alum Storage and Space Store (xv) Admin Building & Laboratory (xvi) Staff Quarters

34. The schematic and hydraulic flow diagram of the water treatment system at Sanchi and Pachore is presented in Figure 13 and 18 respectively.

35. Treatment of Waste/ Backwash Water of WTP. The proposed system uses sludge collection sumps for collecting sludge from clarifiers and under drain backwash water tanks for collecting sludge from filtration units. The backwash water will be recycled to the flash mixer and the process will be continuous. All the collected sludge from WTP will be stored in a sludge tank 20m x 10 m. The dewatered sludge from centrifuge will be disposed in the low-lying areas within the campus or provided for brick kilns etc.

36. Construction works. Civil works in the project include linear excavation for laying pipes along the roads, placing pipes in the trench and refilling with the excavated soil. The trenches will be of 0.4 m – 0.7 m wide and 0.8 to 1 m depth. Subsequent to completion of works, road reinstatement will be undertaken by the contractor as part of the civil works. The roads in the core city area of both the towns are very narrow and congested with pedestrians and vehicles, while the roads in outer areas are wide. Other civil works in the subproject include construction of jack well in the reservoir, water treatment plant, water tanks, pumping stations, at the identified sites. These works will be confined to sites, and construction will include general activities like excavation for foundation, construction of foundations, columns, walls and roof in cement concrete and masonry, and fixing of mechanical and electrical fixtures, etc. Jack well cum pump house will involve construction within the water body. A temporary enclosed area (about 10 m dia.) will be created using appropriate material and the water will be pumped out to make the area dry for construction. Once this is created, the rest of the construction will follow the general construction procedures to create an RCC well of size 6 m diameter. Once the work is over, the temporary structure will be removed.

37. Project benefits. The subproject aims to achieve safe and sustainable water services both in terms of services to customers, cost recovery and conservation of precious water resources. The subproject will provide continuous, pressurized and safe drinking water services to entire population of the towns (100% coverage). Besides achieving progressively increasing cost recovery by expanding the coverage and increasing operating efficiency, the subproject will improve the overall environmental quality of the town. It will reduce the reduced time and costs of households in accessing alternative sources of water and will lead to better public health particularly reduction in water borne and infectious diseases.

Figure 8: Key Plan of Sanchi WSS At a Glance

Figure 9: Google map showing Sanchi Water Supply Scheme

Figure 10: Schematic drawing of Break Pressure Tank (BPT) for Sanchi WSS

Figure 11: Google map showing the location of Proposed Break Pressure tank (BPT) in the forest area

Figure 12: Layout Plan of WTP (2.50 MLD) for Sanchi WSS

Figure 13:Schematic and Hydraulic Flow diagram of proposed WTP in Sanchi town

Figure 14: Google map showing site location of proposed WTP (2.50 MLD) & OHT: 200 KL

Figure 15: Key Plan of Pachore WSS At a Glance

Figure 16: Google Earth Image of Pachore Water Supply Scheme

Figure 17:Layout Plan of WTP (7.50 MLD) for Pachore WSS

Figure 18: Schematic and Hydraulic Flow diagram of proposed WTP in Pachore town

Figure 19: Google map showing Site location of WTP (7.50 MLD) in Pachore town

III. POLICY, LEGAL &ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. ADB Policy

38. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s Operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB SPS, 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all ADB investments.

39. Screening and categorization. The nature of the environmental assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project; the sensitivity, scale, nature, and magnitude of its potential impacts; and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts, and are assigned to one of the following four categories:

(i) Category A. Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is required to address significant impacts. (ii) Category B. Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental Assessment report. (iii) Category C. Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed. (iv) Category FI. Projects involve accredit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system unless all projects will result in insignificant impacts.

40. Environmental management plan. An EMP, which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment, shall be prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the project’s impact and risks.

B. National environmental laws

41. The GOI EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that environmental clearance is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts.

42. Category A projects requires environmental clearance from the central Ministry of Environment and Forests& Climate change (MoEF&CC). The proponent is required to provide preliminary details of the project in the prescribed manner with all requisite details, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the MoEF&CC prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR) for the EIA study. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, MoEF considers the recommendation of the EAC and provides the environmental clearance if appropriate.

43. Category B projects require environmental clearance from the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State level EAC categorizes the project as either B1

(requiring EIA study) or B2 (no EIA study) and prepares TOR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, the SEIAA issues the EC based on the EAC recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category B will be treated as category A if it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected areas, notified areas or inter-state or international boundaries.

44. In India, environmental assessment is governed by the EIA Notification 2006 and the subsequent amendments. The Schedule I of the notification defines threshold of activities which require to undertake an environmental assessment and obtain an environmental clearance from statutory bodies. None of the component of this water supply sub project under the ambit of the Schedule I of the EIA Notification 2006, and therefore, EC is not required for the subproject.

45. Besides EIA Notification 2006, there are various other Acts, Rules, Policies and Regulations currently in force in India that deal with environmental issues that could apply to infrastructure Development. The specific regulatory compliance requirements of the subproject are shown in following Table 5.

Table 5: Applicable Environmental Regulations Law Description Requirement MadhyaPradesh Prepared in accordance with the Permission of WRD, GOMP StateWaterPolic National Water Policy, it states that“ • Permission of water abstraction y,2003 for environmental balance, skilful and from Halali dam for Sanchi Town planned management of all types of developmental activities, economic • Permission for water abstraction use one quitable basis and in view of from Newaj River for Pachore the prime importance of water for all town human and other living beings, an effective and sound water policy is necessary”. Policy is detailedin17sectionsdealing with different aspects of water resources No.7 deals with Water Allocation Priorities, and according to which drinking water supply shall have The highest priority followed by irrigation, power, tourism, etc. Water Resource Department is nodal department for permitting different uses of water resources. Policyalsostates that “clear provision for reservation of drinking water shall be made in irrigation projects” EIA Notification The EIA Notification set out the None of the project components of the of 2006 and the requirement for environmental water supply system comes under the later assessment in India. This states that provisions of the act and would require amendments Environmental Clearance is required environmental clearance. for certain defined activities/projects, However, the quarry or borrow area from and this must be obtained before any which the sand, soil and aggregates are construction work or land preparation procured need to have a valid (except land acquisition) may Environmental Clearance by the District commence. Projects are categorized Environmental Appraisal Committee/ as A or B State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority. Further as a contractual 32

Law Description Requirement Sand borrow soil and aggregate used obligation the Contractor is required to for road construction has been submit the Environmental Clearance classified as a minor mineral and the certificate, latest copy of the latest quarry/borrow area require prior Compliance Report submitted to the environmental clearance Madhya Pradesh State Pollution Control Board and all other necessary permits to the PIU before the procurement of the material. Water Act was enacted to provide for the Water treatment plant (WTP) (Prevention and prevention and control of water Requires CFE and CFO from Control of pollution and the maintaining or MPPCB. Pollution) Act of restoring of wholesomeness of water, 1974, Rules by Central and State Pollution Control For the proposed Sanchi & Pachore town of1975, and Board sand for conferring on and require CTE amendments assigning to CPCB/SPCB powers and (Prior to start of constriction) and functions relating to water pollution CFO (prior to start of operation) from control. Control of water pollution is MPPCB. achieved through administering PIU/ULB to liaison with MPPCB and conditions imposed in consent issued obtain valid consent. under to this Act. These conditions regulate the quantity and quantity of The application for CTE and CFO has to effluent the location of discharge and be applied by PMU after the finalization the frequency of the design by the DBO Contractor, Of monitoring of effluents. Any while the application for the CFO will be component of the subproject having done by PMU on behalf of the Nagar the potential to generate sewage or Parishad. Application has to be submitted trade effluent will come under its online at purview. Such projects have to obtain http://www.mppcb.nic.in/xgnen.html Consent for Establish (CFE) under Section 25 of the Act from Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) before starting implementation and Consent for Operate (CFO) before commissioning. Environment The Environment (Protection) Act is an Appendix 13: Emission and Discharge (Protection)Act,1 umbrella legislation seeking to Standards Applicable to the Project. 986andCPCB supplement the existing laws on the Provides applicable discharge standards Environmental control of pollution (the Water Act and for ambient air, air emission. Standards. the Air Act) by enacting a general Contractor are required to ensure all legislation for environment protection emissions and discharges during civil and to fill the gaps in regulation of works conform to all applicable standards major environmental hazards. A comparison of the environmental The act empowers central government standards to the IFC environmental to make rules to regulate standards are provided in Appendix 11: environmental pollution, such as- Comparison between Indian The standards of quality of air, water, Environmental Standards to IFC soil for various areas etc. Standards Prohibits carrying out of any industry, operation or process which discharges or emits environmental pollution more . than the standards Regulates handling of hazardous substances The law and rule also states, the

Law Description Requirement persons responsible for discharges, bound to prevent or mitigate environmental pollution and intimate the any accidents due to any occurrences. Noise Pollution Rule3 of the Act specifies ambient air Contractor are required to ensure all (Regulation and Quality standards in respect of noise noise-producing activities during civil Control) for different areas/zones. works conform to applicable standards Rules,2000 All equipment procured under the Act amended should also conform to the standards 5. upto2010. Ancient The Act designates areas within 100 Sanchi is a famous archaeological place Monuments and meters (m) of the “protected and there are several monuments of Archaeological monument/area” as “prohibited area” national and international importance and Sites and and beyond that up to 200 m as listed under Archaeological Survey of Remains Act, “regulated area” respectively. No India Protected Monuments in Madhya 1958 and “construction” is permitted in the Pradesh. Ancient “prohibited area” and any construction A part of the proposed Clear Water Monuments and activity in the “regulated area” requires Rising Mains (CWRM) of 1013 m are lies Archaeological prior permission of the National within protected zone; and Raw Water Sites and Monuments Authority (NMA). Gravity Main (RWGM) of 310 m, CWRM Remains of 2174 m and Distribution network of (Amendment 1750 m are within the regulated zone of and Validation) the archaeological monument i.e. Sanchi Act, 2010 Stupa Complex. Also, the existing 100 KL GLSR is located in this region. NOC has to be obtained by PMU from the ASI Bhopal circle for repair work of existing GLSR-I (100 KL) & laying of pipe laying (i.e. CWRM & Distribution network) prior to start of work. Application submitted to ASI, regional office, Bhopal on dated 24.12.2019 for getting permission for laying of water pipeline & repairing work of existing GLSR: 100 kl (refer Appendix 28 and 29). No other components i.e. WTP/OHT/GLSRs are located either in the “prohibited area” (0- 100 m) or within the “regulated area” (100-300m) of monuments. Madhya The law has provisions which can Any construction carried out without the Pradesh Bhumi regulate and assist in protection of permission under the Ancient Monuments Vikas Adhiniyam heritage sites. and Archaeological Sites and Remains 1984, The Collector has been provided the Act, 1958 will be considered as an authority to remove any unauthorized “unauthorized ‘Construction and would be construction in the “core” and buffer liable be removed. zone Labour Laws The contractor shall not make Provides applicable labour laws including employment decisions based upon amendments issued from time to time personal characteristics unrelated to applicable to establishments engaged in

5 Refer Table 6 - WHO Ambient Air& Noise Quality Guidelines. 34

Law Description Requirement job requirements. The contractor shall construction of civil works base the employment relationship upon equal opportunity and fair treatment, and shall not discriminate with respect to aspects of the employment relationship, Including recruitment and hiring, compensation (including wages and benefits), working conditions and terms of employment or retirement, and discipline. The contractor shall provide equal wages and benefits to men and women for work of equal value or type. The Municipal Rules require management of The municipal solid waste generated Solid waste municipal solid waste generated; from the labour camps would have to (Management & provides for segregation, storage, comply with the provisions of segregation Handling) Rules, collection, processing and disposal. of waste and its treatment & disposal. 2000 Requires source segregation of degradable, non-degradable wastes their treatment and disposal Construction Rules to manage construction and to Subprojects would generate construction and demolition waste resulting from construction, waste during the dismantling of the waste remodelling, repair and demolition of pavement for laying of pipeline. These management any civil structure. Rules define C and construction debris should be used for rules, 2016 D waste as waste comprising of backfilling as much as possible and the building materials, debris resulting wastes must be segregated, stored and from construction, re-modelling, repair disposed of separately as per the and demolition of any civil structure. provision of these rules. A Waste • Every waste generator shall prima- Management Plan would also be facie be responsible for collection, developed for the project. segregation and storage of

construction and demolition (C & D) waste generated, as directed or notified by the concerned local authority in consonance with these rules. • The generator shall ensure that other waste (such as solid waste) does not get mixed with this waste and is stored and disposed separately. • Any activity that generates 20 tonnes per day or 300 tonnes per project in a month must prepare a Waste Management Plan. • Waste generator either must store the waste within the premises or must supply to the city level collection centre and should avoid all kinds of obstruction to traffic/public or in drains. Hazardous and According to the Rules, hazardous Other Wastes wastes are wastes having constituents The hazardous waste generated from the (Management specified in Schedule II of the Rules if construction e.g. waste oils, lubricants, and their concentration is equal to or more and bitumen would have to comply with Transboundary than the limit indicated in the said the provisions of the rules with regards to

Law Description Requirement Movement) schedule. storage and disposal. The rules also Rules, 2016 make it mandatory for maintaining records and reporting the same to the MPPCB. The Contractor Would have to obtain an authorisation as a generator of hazardous waste from the Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control boards. All the waste oil, lubricants would have to be disposed as per the provisions of the act. Any discarded asbestos pipes or extracted asbestos cement pipes would be considered as a Hazardous waste as per the rules and have to be disposed off as indicated in the rules. Forest Act, 1927 Acts empower the government to Diversion of Forest land would be and Forest declare forest area (reserve, protected required for the construction of the BPT. (Conservation) and village forest area) and regulation For, pipe laying along the ROW of the Act, 1980, of activities within the forests. Use of National Highway and MDR an NOC is amended 1988 forest land for any non- forest purpose required from NHAI and PWD and forest land conservation will follow respectively. Subsequently permission the guidelines for ―Diversion of forest has to be obtained from the Forest lands for non-forest purpose‖ under Department for the change in use of the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 land. An application through the online system of MoEF&CC has to be submitted in both cases.

Proposed BPT will be constructed in forest land near Khoa village under Raisen Reserved forest. An area of 225 sqm (15m x 15m) is required for BPT construction for the Sanchi Water Supply Scheme. At BPT site, approx. 8- 10 nos. of trees will be cut before the construction started. Also, BPT site is located in forest land about 12 m away from the PWD road. Diversion of Forest land would also be required for the ROW of the incoming and outgoing pipeline to the BPT. Raw water gravity mains (RWGM) alignment approx. 7.5 km in between BPT to WTP will also passes through Raisen Reserved forest i.e. (i). Near Khoa village (approx. 3.0 km along PWD road), (ii) Muktapur (approx. 2.0 km along NH 86), (iii) Near Dhakna Chapna village (approx. 2.5 km along NH 86). As described earlier a proposal has to be submitted to the Forest Department by the PMU. Before any construction activity can be initiated on the Forest land, approval of forest diversions proposal is 36

Law Description Requirement necessary. The M.P. Transit As per the provisions of these rule for Thus in this project for the raw water (Forest felling of tree in non-forest rural areas rising main or any other infrastructure Produce) Rules, transit pass is to be issued by Forest passing through rural areas and requiring 2000 Officer on recommendations of tree felling would require permission Panchayat Level Committee. In under this Act. respect of Babool, Siris, Neem, Ber, No felling would be allowed in the project Palas, Jamun, Reunjha, Bamboo within the permission under this act. (except in the districts of Khandwa, Betul, Hoshangabad, Harda, Chhindwara, Seoni, Balaghat, Jabalpur, Katni, Mandla, Dindori, Shahdol). Transit pass for the species other than those mentioned above The M.P. As per the provisions of this act for All trees within the jurisdiction of the area Vrikshon Ka felling of trees in urban areas an of the ULB would require permission from Parirakshan application has to be made to the the ULB under the rule. (Nagariya concerned Tree Officer in the ULB for No felling would be allowed in the project Kshetra) permission providing details. within the permission under this act. Adhiniyam, 2001 The Tree Officer shall provide for permission for the felling of trees after adequate scrutiny Manufacture, Defines hazardous chemicals and For storage of Chlorine permission, Storage, and stipulates rules, procedures to authorization is required from the Madhya Import of manufacture, storage and import of Pradesh State Pollution Control Board Hazardous hazardous chemicals requires before the operation of the WTP. An on- Chemical Rules, permission, authorization from the site Emergency Management Plan has to 1989 State Pollution Control Boards for be prepared for any incidence related to certain chemicals which have Chlorine gas. hazardous property or if the total storage exceeds specified quantity; requires emergency management plan. Regulation of The use of polychlorinated biphenyls The technical specification would clearly Polychlorinated or any equipment containing PCB state that the transformer oil should be Biphenyls Order, would be prohibited entirely from 31st free of PCBs or else the Contractor / 2016 December 2025. PMU should provide a road map for ensuring the phasing out of all PCB’s by 2025. The National NGT provides an effective and Stakeholders / affected persons may Green Tribunal expeditious disposal of cases relating approach NGT to resolve project induced (NGT) Act, 2010 to environmental protection and environmental issues conservation of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith. NGT has jurisdiction over matters related to Water Act, 1974; Water Cess Act, 1977; Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; Air Act, 1981; Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; Public Liability

Law Description Requirement Insurance Act, 1991; and Biodiversity Act, 2002. Consequently, no other court will have jurisdiction over the matters related to environment falling under the above referred Acts. Being a dedicated tribunal for environmental matters with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes.

46. Sanchi Stupa Notification: For protection of the Sanchi Stupa Complex was provided by Gazette notification S.O 2211 dated 2nd July 1977. As per the said notification the “Buddhist Stupas and the remains together with the adjacent area” in Survey Plot number 42, 43, 44, 45 in Bawalia and Hakeemkhedi village have been provided protection.

47. UNESCO World Heritage Site: Subsequently in the 15 December 1989 the site was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The boundaries showing the protected area as pre the cadastral map is presented in Figure 20. Since the entire area has been declared as a “Protected Area”. The “prohibited area” and “restricted area” shall be identified considering the boundary of the “protected area” of the archeological property.

48. ADB SPS Requirements. During the design, construction, and operation of the project the PMU and PIUs are required to apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines.1 These standards contain performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects. When Government of India regulations differ from these levels and measures, the PMU and PIUs will achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the PMU and PIUs will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS. International acceptable air and noise quality guidelines are provided below: 6

6https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/policies- standards/ehs-guidelines 38

Table 6: WHO Ambient Air& Noise Quality Guidelines

Figure 20: Cadastral map showing the Protected Boundaries the UNESCO World Heritage Site

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Methodology used for Baseline Study

49. Data collection and stakeholder consultations. Data for this study has been primarily collected through literature survey, discussion with stakeholder agencies, and field visits to the proposed subproject sites.

50. The literature survey broadly covered the following:

(i) Project details, reports, maps, and other documents prepared by technical experts of design consultant team (ii) Discussions with technical experts, municipal authorities, and relevant government agencies like WRD, Forest Department, MPPCB, etc. (iii) Secondary data from previous project reports & published articles, if any, and (iv) Literature on land use, soil, geology, hydrology, climate, socioeconomic, and planning documents collected from Government agencies and websites.

51. Ocular inspection. Several visits to the project sites were made during IEE preparation period in 2016 to assess the existing environment (physical, biological, and socioeconomic) and gather information with regard to the proposed sites and scale of the proposed project. A separate socioeconomic study was conducted to determine the demographic information, existing service levels, stakeholder needs and priorities.

B. Baseline environmental profile

52. Following table presents the baseline environmental profile of subproject town of Sanchi and Pachore. It is organized in terms of physical, ecological, economical, and socio-cultural resources. Baseline characteristics of Sanchiand Pachoretownsare given below in Table 7:

Table 7: Baseline Characteristics of Sanchi and Pachore Town Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore 1 Location Located in Raisen District Located in Rajgarh district Lat 220 47’ N Lat 23039’ N Long 780 49’ E Long 76048’ E

2 Connectivity Sanchi Town lies at a distance of The town of Pachore lies on the Major about 10 km from Vidisha and District Road (MDR) and on Mumbai – Besnagar and 46 km northeast to Agra national Highway no.3 (NH-3). Bhopal, in the heart of the Madhya There is direct railway linkage to Pachore. Pradesh state. The Town serves as a The nearest railway stations are in Nagar Parishad in the Raisen Biaora, Sujhalpur and Sarangpur. district. It lies along National Highway Pachore can only be reached by road and 86 which connects Bhopal & Vidisha rail.Pachore Town lies at a distance of & at the bank of river Betwa. Nearest about 60 km from the District airport is at Bhopal & nearest Headquarter Rajgarh and 106 km from Railway station is at Sanchi capital Bhopal. In fact, the town is well- connected to other places of significant importance in the state.

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore 3 Area and The area of the town is spread over The area of the town is 25.79 sq. km and Population in 15 km2. Newly developing areas of population as per 2011 census is 27,405. the town comes mainly in the North- The Nagar Parishad is of rural in nature West of the town due to upcoming as it does depend on agriculture. The Govt. and other offices in the area town has agricultural based economy. and nearby proximity of National Highway. Therefore, new developing area considered to come up here in near future. Population of Sanchi town as per 2011 census is 8401.

4 Topography Topographical features of the town The Rajgarh district lies on the northern explain the variations from RL 465m edge of the Malwa plateau, and the to RL 500 m. The elevation Parbati River forms the eastern boundary differences from highest of 465 m to of the district, while the Kali Sindh River 500 m accounted a maximum forms the western boundary. difference of 35 m in the town. The physiology of the town in this Studies are conducted to understand region is basically. densely populated areas on hill locks (i) Denudation Landforms (ii) Fluvial and other areas. Due to Landforms (iii) Malwa Plateau (iv) Kali topographical variation it is studied Sindh Basin that how water supply services are to Average elevation of Pachore is 439m be given to all areas uniformly with desired water quality& adequate pressures 5 Rainfall The decadal rainfall of Raisen Taluk The average decadal annual rainfall in is 990.32 mm. Areas like Bareli and Rajgarh taluk is 951.14mm. About 95% of Sultanpur gets the minimum rainfall the annual rainfall is received during the in the district and the maximum monsoon months, June to September, rainfall is observed to be in areas like July being the rainiest month. Udaypura and Chiklod. The rainy season is seemed to be in between the months June and September where July gets the maximum rainfall that contributes 22% to the annual rainfall. It’s calculated that the district gets almost 57 rainy days in a year. This number seems to get reduced in areas like Bareli and Sultanpur to 53 and gets increased to 62 days in areas like Udaypura and Chiklod. 6 Soil and The soil strata in the town are mostly The Soil type of Pachore is mainly the Geology permeable sandstone in layers mixed medium to deep Black soil and mixed red with only 30 to 70 cm of topsoilas and black soil. In some portion of the hard soil or Murom. town River alluvial soil is also found. The alluvium consists of clay, silt, sand, gravels and pebbles. 42

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore 7 Climate Climate in the town during summer The climate of Rajgarh is characterized are hot and temperature during the by hot summer and general dryness summer ranges between 210 C. to except during the south west monsoon maximum of 470 C. While the season. The year may be divided into minimum temperature in winter is four seasons. The cold season, around 10oC.In theSanchi town wind December to February is followed by the usually flows gently, usually in North- hot season from March to about the West & South-West direction. The middle of June. Climate in the town humidity of the town is observed is during summer are hot and temperature 20% and becomes higher in during the summer ranges between 11.30 Monsoon period. C. to maximum of 42.40 C. The period from the middle of June to September is the south west monsoon season. October and November form the post monsoon or transition period.

8 Seismology As per seismic zoning map of India, As per seismic zoning map of India, project area falls under Zone II, project area falls under Zone II, which is which is the lowest earthquake risk the lowest earthquake risk zone in India. zone in India. This zone is termed as This zone is termed as “low damage risk “low damage risk zone”. zone”. 9 Surface There is no surface water body The entire Rajgarh district falls in the Water inside Sanchi Municipal Council Ganga Basin. Most of the towns are boundary. drained by few rivers like Kali Sindh and Some other surface water body Kadal and other small streams cross the outside the Sanchi Municipal council project road. The Kali Sindh river and Boundary like Betwa River, Bais Kada river is found to be perennial in River and Halali Dam ground observation. Other tributaries are non-perennial in nature. Betwa River: The river gets dried up in month of February – March. Hence this cannot be used as an assured Newaj River: The Newaj River is around supply for water. Further, the Betwa 1-2 km away from the town at western river is also used by Vidisha town. direction. The Newaj River is the left bank Since the water at this source dries tributary of the river Parwan which is a up during the summer months water right bank principal tributary of Kali Sindh for the Vidisha town is also sourced River. In the present years due to the from Halali dam. growth in population, urbanization, settlement of brick manufacturing plant, Given the variability of the water in deforestation etc. the pollution in these the Betwa River sourcing water from rivers have increased. the river for a town like Sanchi known for its cultural heritage and tourist Khushalpura Dam: Khushalpura Dam is attraction cannot be fulfilled by Betwa approximately 26 Km way from Pachore River. Thus, Betwa river is not town. It won’t be techno-economically considered for supplying water in feasible to abstract water from Sanchi. Khushalpura Dam for Pachore WSS. Hence it has been decided not to Halali Dam: The Halali Dam (Samrat consider Khushalpura Dam as a source Ashok Sagar Dam) is located around for Pachore WSS. 22 Km from the town. It is situated in Vidisha District. Even though the lead distance to the dam is large a since the source is dependable and

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore also available throughout the year it is considered as a source of supply. 10 Ground Ground Water quantity of Raisen Presently of the water supply of the town water district is assessed by CGWB on the i.e. 1.40 MLD of water is being supplied basis of water samples collected through ground sources by 20 no’s of from fifteen numbers of hydrograph tube wells, 25 no’s of Hand Pumps and (ground water) stations for the year Intake Well on Newaj River. These entire 2011. The hydrogen ion sources are giving very less yield. Based concentration i.e. pH in groundwater on the available data the present tube of Raisen district ranges 7.3 to 8.85. wells may supply water to the town at the The pH of ground water shows tune of maximum 0.25 MLD. neutral to alkaline in nature. As per Ground Water quality in Rajgarh district BIS recommendation the pH ranges the EC value ranges from 435 to 2120 in between 6.5 to 8.5. In Raisen us/cm at 250C. Nitrate was observed in district the Begumganj village pH has the range of 12 to 276mg/l whereas been recorded more than BIS fluoride ranges from 0.02 to 5.59 mg/l. recommendation i.e. 8.85. According to Electrical conductivity the ground water of Riasen district shows low to high saline in nature. The electric conductivity value varies in between 448 to 212 µS/cm at 250C. As per BIS recommendation the EC value in drinking water towards Total Dissolve Solids(TDS) i. e. 750 µS/cm at 250C; the water are not suitable for drinking purposes. The EC of ground water of Raisen district does not exceeded maximum permissible limit. The highest EC was recorded at Gairatganj village i.e. 2312 µS/cm at 250C. 11 Air Quality The ambient air quality monitored in The ambient air quality monitored in the study area was found to the study area as per CDP was found to be sound within the limits of NAAQ be sound within the limits of NAAQ standards prescribed for residential, standards prescribed for residential, rural rural and other areas. and other areas. 44

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore 12 Ecology Project area mostly comprises urban Project area mainly contains residential areas, agricultural areas of Sanchi area and agricultural area. There is no which are converted to human use forest area within the municipality. There many years back. There is no is no reserve/protected forest in or ecological sensitive feature like adjacent to Pachore. None of the forest, no water body inside the components however located on any Sanchi and Pachore Municipality forest land. Rest of the components – Boundary. All the proposed water treatment plant, Overhead tanks components except Break Pressure (OHTs), distribution lines, connections tank (BPT) is proposed on vacant etc., will be located within the urban land. The immediate surroundings areas. The raw water transmission pipes, were converted into urban use for connecting existing intake well and WTP, many years ago, and there is no will be partly outside and partly within the natural habitat left at the subproject towns, and clear water transmission sites. The BPT of Sanchi WSS will pipes, from WTP to distribution be constructed on forest land. This reservoirs, will be fully within the towns. forest land is under Raisen Reserved While there is no natural habitat left within forest. It is estimated that 8-10 the town areas, the areas near river number of trees would be required to weir/intakes are comparatively intact be felled for the project. Rest of the though most of the lands there too components – water treatment plant, converted into agricultural use. There are water tanks, distribution lines, no protected areas, like wildlife connections etc., will be located sanctuaries, national parks; no any within the urban areas. historically, archeologically protected BPT site land is covered with shrubs areas in the vicinity. Towns are densely and small trees of Tendu (Diospyros populated in the core/old town areas with melanoxylon), Mahua (Madhuca narrow lanes, and small and closely built longifolia), Dhak (Butea houses, while most of the areas are monosperma) etc. Raisen Reserved undeveloped and are still under forest is mixed type forest which has agricultural use. Commercial areas are Teak (Tectona Grandis), Tendu along the main roads, which are mostly (Diospyros), Mahua (Madhuca congested with activities, pedestrians and longifolia), Dhak (Butea traffic. monosperma) and shishum (Dalbergia Sissoo) type tree etc. Project area is screened and proximity Fauna is rarely found in this reserved analysis carried out using Integrated forest. It has been reported by the Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) to local people and Forest Department identify the location of protected areas that sometimes wild animals e.g., with respect to the project location. IBAT Monkey, Blue Bull, Deer, Swamp screening proximity report is attached at deer (Barahsinga) and local Birds i.e. Appendix 30. As per the proximity report, Rock pigeon (Columba livia), Bulbul there are no protected areas or key (Pycnonotidae), Indian house biodiversity areas within 10 km radius of sparrow (Passeridae), Red vented the project area. (Pycnonotus cafer) are sighted in the Raisen Reserve Forest.

13 Economic The total workers in Sanchi can be The major forms of economy of the town Developmen classified into 4 categories based on are agriculture production, industry and t their occupation as Cultivators, Nagar Parishad administrations. Majority Agricultural Labour, Household of the population is engaged in agriculture Industry Workers and Other Workers. production, business-commercial and Out of total workers (main+ marginal) manufacturing related work. Not Cultivators and Agricultural Labour surprisingly, the trade and commerce of

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore constitute 8% and 7% respectively. the town are linked with their major Very low % of working population is economic sources. As per census 2001 employed in HH industries which are records, the top three most important mainly due to lack of household commodities exported by Pachore were industries in Sanchi. Remaining 84% Pulses, soya bean and paper. The large of people work as other workers export of pulses simply exhibits the which include government servants, agricultural nature of the town. The same municipal employees, teachers, data show that top three most important factory workers, plantation workers, commodities in Pachore were those engaged in trade, commerce, cloth, pluses paper soya bean and business, transport banking, mining, industrial equipment. Looking at the construction, political or social work, top three major exports and products of priests or entertainment artists etc. Pachore, the town is mostly involved in as per census 2001. agriculture, textile and manufacturing of paper and pulses 14 Land Use Sanchi town consists of three Land use analysis is crucial to the clusters namely Sanchi, Nagori at understanding of the current status of a southern side and Kachhi Kana town under investigation. Municipality Kheda at western side. The covers a total area of 2579 ha. Almost residential clusters are situated in half (50.00%) of the municipal area is pockets among these clusters used for agricultural activities. Moreover, leaving numerous agricultural plots Commercial land and Water Bodies between them. The public and semi- account for 9.00% and 5.00% of the land public assemblage can be seen to be respectively. The remaining area is used scattered around the town. The main for Public Use and Services, Recreational movement corridor which is National and Industrial purposes Highway 86 has commercial establishments on either side of them. The town has 31% residential, 10% transportation, 4% public semi- public, 20% heritage and 3% commercial land use. Agricultural land is 23%, and the rest 9% comprises of water bodies which are present in the town. 15 Agriculture The town of Sanchi is established Agriculture plays an important role in the and industry after the inclusion of 6 Gram development of the town. The main Panchayat Kachhi Kankheda, agriculture production includes wheat, Nagori, Manchi, Kankheda Klan, pulses and, soya bean, sugar and oil etc. Dargaon. These gram panchayats Agriculture mandi is spread across 3.84 are rural settings and agriculture and ha land area. Currently the agriculture agro based wages are the main production of Pachore belongs to the occupation, and also the number of Class A category. The town Pachore has labor class is more in these 1 sub mandi named Udankhedi which is settlements, which are working in big regularized in the year 1995. cities like Vidisha, Raisen, etc. Vidisha is only 10 km away from The town has no major industrial Sanchi, and there are so many construction activities except for paper, industrial units in Vidisha like Soya pluses manufacturing and oil mill (soya Plant, Putta Mill, Warehouse, etc. bean) factories located in the town. The cultivation of wheat, soybean is more in town, but in the absence of Mandi people goes to Vidisha and Raisen for selling their grains. There is no major industry in Sanchi 46

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore 16 Transport Sanchi is a highway town situated The town can be reached by road and by along NH-86. The majority of the railway both. As such, the roads are town’s extent is concentrated along important to the town the main movement corridor. Heavy as provide service to a number of buses, t vehicular movement of the NH-86 rucks and other forms of land vehicles for generates lot of traffic in the town. domestic andcommercial purposes. Around 30-40 buses operate from Additionally, as agriculture is a major the bus stand connecting Sanchi with economy of Pachore, a considerable Bhopal, Raisen, Vidisha, and other number of trucks pass the roads for neighboring towns. Tempos running transport of agricultural crops and goods. on the major roads constitute the Naturally, the pressure on roads is public transport facility for the town. immense especially on the major roads Majorly private taxies (Trax, Cruiser) of Pachore, the Pachor-Narsinghgarh are running over the National road. Highway passing from the central The predominant mode of travel area of the town. The area south to (motorized) in town is two-wheelers and the Highway has concrete roads with private transport. A major working variable road cross sections which population uses private transport for their obstructs the smooth vehicular workplace which is definitely not a good movement. These areas also have indication for the future traffic critical road junctions. There is also management proposals. About 30 buses one area along the major corridor enter Pachore per day. There are also a where residential clusters have been large number of taxis passing by daily developed in planned way. Total road length in Sanchi is 21.43 km, out of which 3.87km is Kuccha, 1.4km is Bituminous, 16.16km is Concrete and 3.876 is highway. 17 Sewerage/S The municipal wastewater in Sanchi The town is primarily drained by the river anitation/ primarily consists of sullage and Newaj and other water bodies traversing Drainage wastewater from individual the area which consequently help in households. Wastewater is mainly denuding the surface during rains. The disposed through roadside box length of river flowing in the city area is drains of which some sections are about 3 km and it flows from southwest to covered and in a few places choked northeast direction. As a result, the with solid waste. In a few cases, Pachore town is divided into two parts. sewerage is discharge directly into The existing drainage system consists the drainage. This therefore causes a only open drains and it was designed for situation where the drainage system a rainfall of 12 mm/hr. whereas average serves a dual purpose of carrying intensity is 23 mm/hr. and peak is 52 domestic wastewater (mainly sullage mm/hr. The open drainage covers about and overflow from individual septic 65% of the major roads. Due to the poor tanks) as well as rainwater runoff. capacity of the drainage system, water logging has been reported during monsoon in the slum pockets and near the water bodies of the town. The situation contributes to increasing risks of flooding and development of various forms of diseases. At present, the existing length of primary drains is 3.2 km and of secondary drains is 6.5 km. As mentioned before, the drainage system does not cover the entire town.

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore In the Pachore town, there arethree small natural drains which meetthe Newaj River. Two of these drains on the upstream side meet the Newaj river near the Samshan (burning) Ghat and Old bridge while the third meets the river after the intake point. These natural drains carry all the wastewater from the town including the sewage. They also carry the storm water along with wastewater and thus in the rainy season there is flow in the river. However, it is observed that during the dry season the drains are dry and the flow into the river is reduced to a trickle.

These drains are located at distance of 1.5-2.0 km from the existing intake well. The third drain meets the Newaj river after the intake before the weir. The location of the drain is shown in Figure 21 . The analysis of the water in the drain and intake point was carried out and presented in (Appendix 10). It is observed that in these drains the fecal coliform is 1100 and 8100 MPN/100 ml. However, at the intake point the fecal coliform is Nil. A plausible reason for the reduction in the fecal coli form count may be due to the huge dilution which takes place when the drain meets the Newaj River. The reappearance of the Fecal Coli form at the weir location may be attributed to the wastewater discharged from the third stream. 48

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore 18 Solid Waste Presently, the solid waste The per capita of Municipal Solid Waste Managemen management techniques are not very (MSW) generated daily, in Pachore is t satisfactory. No storage of waste is estimated to be about 250 done at the source. Domestic, grams per capita per day. Considering commercial and institutional wastes the above it is estimated that are thrown on the streets, open about 4.88 MT waste per day is generate drains and water bodies. There is no d in Pachore town. It has been reported mechanism to generate the by the Nagar Parishad, that the collection recyclable waste at the source. The capacity is 2.44 MT per day. Residential town lacks a system of primary (47.5%) and Commercial Wastes collection of waste and there are no (27.5%) (I.e. Shops and Hotels) waste storage depots. Open sides or accounted for 75% of the total solid waste cement concrete bins and metal bins collected in Pachore. The Vegetable are used for temporary storage of Markets (12.5%) and Others (12.5%) wastes. The bins used are very makeup for the remaining. However, unhygienic and due to the rigorous there is no data regarding the details on treatment they receive, most of the MSW generation, collection and disposal bins are broken or in a bad state. practices. The level of vegetable waste Transportation of the waste is done from the daily and weekly is also very through vehicles ranging from hand high as the vegetables come from carts, three wheelers, tractors and different regions surrounding the town trucks, but most of the transport vehicles are loaded manually. There is no processing of waste done on or away from the site. There is no trenching ground available and all the waste is disposed of randomly in the surrounding forest area and near the fort area 19 Demograph The population trend of Sanchi town The population trend of Pachore town is y is given below: given below: 1991: 4814 1991: 14205 2001: 6785 2001: 20939 2011: 8401 2011: 27405 20 Literacy Comparison of literacy among males Pachore has a literacy rate of 58.20 % Ratio and females shows that more against the District average of 51.06 %, percentage of male are literate than which is higher than average District’s females. Census 2001 figures show literacy level. The Ratio of Male to female that female literacy rate in Sanchi is literacy rate is around 57:42, which his observed to be 67.37% against the slightly an unbalanced situation. The male literacy rate of 88.02%. There growth of male literacy during next are sufficient numbers of educational decade has decreased from 61.13 % to institutes in Sanchi, and the 57.37%, a decrease of 4.2 %. On the connectivity of town is good to the other hand, there is an increase in female big cities like Bhopal, Raisen, etc. by literacy which accounts 3.76 %. NH and railway line. Most of the population of town is engaged in service sector, which is aware and understands the importance of education.

Sr. Particulars Sanchi Pachore 21 Sex Ratio Town has overall sex ratio of 885 The sex ratio of Pachore is 946 females which is quite close to state sex ratio over 1000 male. As per the Population and higher than the district figures for Census 2011, total population of Pachore sex ratio. As per the census of 2001, is 27,405 out of which 14,082 are males sex ratio of Sanchi is quite healthy in and 13,323 are females thus the Average the age group of 0-6 years. It is also Sex Ratio of Pachore is 946. The observed that sex ratio of SC population of Children of age 0-6 years in category in the town is similar to the Pachore city is 4029 which is 15% of the district figure but higher than the total population. There are 2087 male district average figure for the sex children and 1942 female children ratio whereas the sex ratio of ST between the ages 0-6 years. Thus, as per category in the town is much higher the Census 2011 the Child Sex Ratio of than the district and state average Pachore is 931 which is less than figures. Connectivity to big cities, Average Sex Ratio (946). better health facilities and awareness in people are the reasons behind a good sex ratio which is higher than the district figures and close to the state figures. 22 History and Sanchi, with rich its heritage and Pachore have no places of significant heritage culture, is a UNESCO world heritage historical or tourism importance. Festivals site and a renowned tourist and religious events are of special destination attracting tourists from interest to domestic tourists. Pachore is the world over. The details of the most famous for the Dashera mela cultural heritage site are discussed in festival which rejoices the triumph of Lord the next section. Rama over Rawan. The festival is celebrated in Dashera Maidan and lasts the whole day. The town is also known for Anant Chaturdashi Chal Samaroha, which is the last day of the Hindu festival of Ganeshotsav. People celebrate this day by making a processional walk in whole town. The potential for a tourism project in Pachore can also be triggered by its excellent highway location as with good connectivity to the other towns in Rajgarh

Figure 21: Wastewater drains join in to Newaj River (source of Pachore WSS) on upstream of existing weir

C. Built heritage structure at Sanchi

53. The built heritage at Sanchi Stupa complex includes the following monuments:

(i) Primary Health Centre (ii) Tank (iii) Rest House (iv) Museum (v) Circuit House (vi) New Vihara (vii) Stupa No. 4 (viii) Stupa No. 3 (ix) Nagi Image (x) Temple No. 31 (xi) Stupa No. 5 (xii) Stupa No. 1 (xiii) Stupa No. 7 (xiv) Ashoka Pillar (xv) Temple No. 17 (xvi) Stupa No. 6 (xvii) Chaitya Hall (xviii) Chaitya Hall (xix) Monastery (xx) Shrine (xxi) Monasteries (xxii) Monasteries (xxiii) Temple No. 45 (xxiv) Base of Stupa

(xxv) Monastery (xxvi) Begging Bowl (xxvii) Stupa No. 2

54. These are indicated in the Figure 22 below.

1. Description of the main monuments

55. As per the legend, the name 'Sanchi' was originated from the word 'Sanch' that means 'to measure'. The Stupa at Sanchi is the main attraction, other include Ashoka Pillar, Archaeological Museum, Chetiyagiri Vihara, Buddhist monasteries and Gupta Temple etc.

56. Stupa No. 1. The Great Stupa is one of the most important Buddhist monuments reflecting brilliance of Buddhist art and architecture. This Stupa is the oldest stone structure in India that was built during the Mauryan period. Originally commissioned in the third century BCE by Emperor Ashok this huge hemispherical dome with a height of 12.2816.46 m (54.0 ft) consists of a central chamber where the relics of Lord Buddha are placed.

57. Four ornamental gateways facing four directions and a balustrade surrounding the Stupa were later added in the first century BCE. A typical example of a Stupa and an excellent illustration of the development of Buddhist art and sculpture starting from the third century BC through the twelfth century AD, the Sanchi Stupa attracts hundreds of visitors from across the world. Enlisted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1989, it is counted among the best conserved ancient Stupas of central India.

58. Stupa No. 2 was established later than the Great Stupa, but it is probably displaying the earliest architectural ornaments. For the first time, clearly Buddhist themes are represented, particularly the four events in the life of the Buddha that are: the Nativity, the Enlightenment, the First Sermon and the Decease.

59. Stupa No. 3 was built during the time of the Shungas, who also built the railing around it as well as the staircase. The Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana, the disciples of the Buddha are said to have been placed in Stupa No. 3, and relic’s boxes were excavated tending to confirm this.

60. Cheitiyagiri Vihara. The bone relics (asthi avashesh) of Buddhist Masters along with the reliquaries, A new temple Chetiyagiri Vihara was constructed to house the relics in 1952.

61. Temple 18. This temple is built on the foundation of an earlier apsidal hall of the Maurya or Sunga date. This seventh century apsidal temple originally had twelve pillars, of which nine survive; a pilaster with architraves is also still intact. Temple 18 stands on a raised platform immediately facing the South Gateway of Stupa 1. The platform presumably goes back to the period of the original temple.

62. Ashoka Pillar. Established in the 3rd Century, it flaunts the Greco-Buddhist Architecture in India. Unlike other ancient monuments, this pillar still glitters and sparkles as if it were polished yesterday. The crown of the pillar is placed in the Sanchi Museum; however, visitors could witness the well-proportioned beam near the Sanchi Stupa.

63. Temple 17. Temple 17 is situated near the north-east corner of temple 18 and stands on a low moulded basement. It consists of a flat-roofed square sanctum with a portico supported on 52

four pillars in the front. It is remarkable piece of Gupta architecture, noted for its structural propriety, symmetry, logical proportion and restraint in ornamentation. The capital of the portico pillars bears four lions, each with two bodies. Between the lions, which are at corners, is a tree.

64. Sanchi Museum. The Sanchi Museum has cosseted the culture, traditions and architecture in India. Assorted gateways, Toran as parts, the crown of the Ashoka Pillar, Pottery are the few items that are to be found. Based in the most pompous surrounding, a visit to the Museum is very a distinct experience.

65. The project interventions are presented in Figure 23 below. It should the prohibited and restricted zones and the project features e.g. pipeline and the existing GLSR which is to be repaired is also included in the audit of existing GLSRs. The map of the protected area the photograph of the different structures is presented in Figure 21.

Figure 22: Map showing location of monuments at Sanchi Stupa complex (Source: ASI)

Figure 23: Google Earth showing the Protected/ Prohibited Boundaries of Sanchi Stupa complex

Figure 24: UNESCO World Heritage- Buddhist Monuments (Sanchi Stupa) of Sanchi town in Madhya Pradesh

Buddhist Monument (Main Stupa), Sanchi Eastern Gateway of Buddhist Monument

Stupa No. 02 Ashokan Pillar

Shunga Pillar Sanchi Pillar of Ashoka, It is very similar to the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath 56

Shunga vedika (railing) with inscriptions Shunga balustrade and staircase

D. Site environmental features

66. Site visits were carried out to each of the project component sites to identify the environmental sensitivities at the site. The environmental features at the site and the site photograph for Sanchi and Pachore WSS is presented in Table 8and Table 9respectively. Site environmental features of Sanchi and Pachore towns w.r.t to water supply components is showing in the Survey of India (SOI) Toposheet in the Figure: 22 and Figure 23 respectively.

Table 8: Site Environmental Features of Sanchi Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph Sanchi WSS Floating pontoon For Sanchi WSS, Halali Dam was at Halali Dam considered as the most appropriate source. The dam was constructed on Halali River in Vidisha District in the year 1997. A Submersible Floating Pumps is proposed at Halali Reservoir. The quality of raw water and dependability of water source quantity has been ensured. Permission is prerequisite from WRD. (Latitude- 23.49983 and Longitude- 77.55036). Aquatic life in the dam is limited to local specifies of fishes, and aquatic plants. There are no notable sensitive features. The major fish abundance was noticed viz. major carps, minor carps and cat fishes.

Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph Raw water Raw water rising mains (RWRM) rising/gravity alignment from Halali dam to Break mains- 20,680 m Pressure tank (BPT) site will be laid along the ROW of PWD road. (1980 m length RWRM of approx. 1.98 km passes & 200mm dia. of through forest area (i.e. Raisen raw water Reserved Forest). Since this is a pumping mains Forest land which has been and 18700 m diverted for the purpose of length and construction of the road 250mm dia. of permission 7 from the Forest raw water Department is required for the gravity mains) construction of the pipeline along the ROW of the pipeline. The ROW available with PWD is wide enough as discussed above. A NOC shall also be obtained from the PWD for using the balance ROW for the laying of the pipeline.

Raw water gravity mains (RWGM) alignment of approx. 7.5 km length out of 18.7 km in between BPT to WTP will also pass through Raisen Reserved forest at three locations namely (i). Near Khoa village (approx. 3.0 km along PWD road), (ii) Muktapur (approx. 2.0 km along NH 86), (iii) Near Dhakna Chapna village (approx. 2.5 km along NH 86). In this case also the ROW available is considerable. If the pipes are laid on the remaining ROW the ecological losses can be minimized. However, in this case also the legal procedures as discussed above need to be followed. Remaining Raw water gravity mains (RWGM) alignment from BPT to WTP will be laid on ROW of road under PWD road and National Highway (NH- 86). RWGM from BPT to Berkhedi square will be laid on RoW of road under PWD and further from Berkhedi square to Salamatpur to WTP at Sanchi will

7 From the discussion with the Nodal Officer at the Forest Department, GOMP, during the preparation of the IEE it was understood that since this land has already been diverted for the purpose of the road, fresh diversion is not required. However, and NOC has to be obtained from the department to who the land has been diverted and a proposal has to be submitted to the Forest Department along with the NOC. 58

Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph be laid on ROW of Road of NH- 86. Land on the both side of the road is agricultural. The road is wide enough and surrounding land is agricultural.

Raisen reserved forest is fairly dense and mixed type forest. Flora in this forest is like Teak (Tectona Grandis), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), Dhak (Butea monosperma) and Shishum (Dalbergia Sissoo) etc. Fauna is rarely found in this reserved forest. Sometimes observed the wildlife animals– Monkey, Blue Bull, Deer, Swamp deer (Barahsinga) and local Birds (as discussed above).

The Raw water mains cross the Delhi – Bhopal Broad Gauge line. However, the permission from the Indian railway would be obtained only when the designs have been finalized.

A part of the proposed Raw Water Gravity Mains (RWGM) of 310 m are lies within the regulated zone of the archaeological monument i.e. Sanchi Stupa Complex. Work will only be conducted with prior permission of NMA. Break Pressure Proposed BPT of Capacity of 70 KL Tank (BPT) is proposed on a Forest land from the distance of 1980 m from Halali dam near Khoa Village (Latitude- 23.48795 and Longitude- 77.56306). Forest area of 15m x 15m is required for construction of BPT; and the BPT site is located at 12 m inside from the edge of PWD road in the forest area. This forest land comes under Raisen Reserved forest; Proposed BPT land is covered with shrubs and small trees. At BPT site, Approx. 8- 10 nos of trees will be cut after obtaining permission from the Forest Department. No construction activity would commence unless the diversion of Forest Land has been cleared by the Forest Department

Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph has been received. Species of trees to be cut i.e. Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), Dhak (Butea monosperma) etc. Therefore, prior Permission has to be obtained from Forest department, GoMP- Diversion of Forest land would be required for the construction of Break Pressure Tank (BPT) and tree cutting, if any;

The BPT is 17695 m and 17303 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. Hence, no permission is required. Water treatment Proposed WTP of capacity 2.50 Plant MLD is proposed at Dr. Hedgewar Colony in Ward No. 13 for treating the raw water in Sanchi (Latitude- 23.48154 and Longitude- 77.72786). This land is under possession of Special Area Development Authority (SADA); and Khasra no. 49. The land is vacant/barren land. There are no trees on the plot of land. The surrounding landsadjacent to the WTP are barren land to the North, East and West. There are some houses on the southern side at a distance of approximately 20m. To the North the Railway line (Bhopal- Delhi railway BG line) passes at distance of 32 m from the proposed WTP land. The WTP is located at distance of740 m and 382 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. Hence, no permission is required. OHT (200KL) OHT of capacity 200 KL is proposed in proposed in Hedgewar Colony in ward-13 (Latitude- 23.48062 and Longitude- 77.72918). This land is under possession of Special Area Development Authority (SADA); and The OHT is also located on the same plot i.e. Khasra number of land is 49, however the spatial distance between the WTP and the OHT is approx. 150 m. The land 60

Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph allocated for the OHT is vacant. It is covered with small shrubs and bushes. There is one tree on the site and felling of the tree might not be felled for construction of the OHT. The surrounding area has been urbanized even though there is vacant land available in the plot.

The OHT (200 kl) is The BPT is 620 m and 242 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. Hence, there is no permission is required from ASI. GLSR (450KL) GLSR of capacity 450KL is proposed in ward no. 4(Latitude- 23.48658 and Longitude- 77.74487) will be constructed near the existing GLSR. The Khasra number of the land is 131 &239. These plots of land is vacant and under possession of Urban Local Body (ULB). Site is currently vacant and free from vegetation and trees. The site is a small hillock and the GLSR is located on top of the hillock.

The GLSR is located at a distance of1095 m and 994 m from the protected and prohibited boundary of ASI monument respectively. Hence, it is outside the regulated area of the Archeological monuments. Clear water Clear water feeder mains are feeder Mains- proposed to lift the treated water 3855 m from WTP to OHT/GSRs. The feeder mains will be laid along the ROW of National Highway (NH- 86), PWD road and Nagar Parishad road. The land on both side of road will be used There will no felling of trees during the laying work.

Clear water rising mains (CWRM) of

1013 m length will be laid in prohibited zone and 2174 m length will be laid in regulated zone of the archeological monument. The laying of pipeline would require permission of the Archeological

Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph Survey of India.

Distribution The distribution network of total network length 14177m will be laid on the (14177m) side of the road. The diameter of distribution network will be from 75mm to 280mm. The road in Sanchi is in custody of PWD and ULB. Roads in the old part of the town are quite narrow, and in the rest of the town roads are wider. There are open drains on both sides of the town. There are some trees like along the roads, except in some new colonies in the outer areas.

A part of Distribution network of 1750 m length will be laid in regulated zone (between 100- 300m) from the outer boundary of protected monuments. In this case also the work cannot commence without the permission of ASI.

Table 9: Site Environmental Features of Pachore Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph Raw water rising The Pipe of the proposed raw mains (450 m water rising main will be length &350mm replaced. However, it would dia.) follow the alignment of the existing RWRM hence there are no encumbrance and no trees need to be felled. Land on both side of the alignment is agricultural land; however, there are some agricultural fields along the approach road.

Water treatment A WTP of capacity 7.5 MLD is Plant (7.50 MLD) proposed at Khasra No – 152 inside the municipal boundary at ward no. 3 (Latitude- 23.72166 and Longitude- 76.72610). The ownership and possession of the land is with the Urban local body (ULB). Govt. of Madhya Pradesh. The existing 1.40_MLD_ WTP is also located adjacent within the plot but would be dysfunctional once this new WTP is commissioned. . The land is barren and there is no environmental sensitivity at the site. Site is free from vegetation and trees; and this land is surrounded by agricultural land. There are some residential houses at a distance of 12 m from the boundary to the East. OHT (800KL) OHT of capacity 800 KL is proposed behind Krishi Upaj Mandi in Pachore town. The land is under possession of Urban

Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph Local Body (ULB) and Khasra number of lands is 1333/1(Latitude- 23.71348 and Longitude- 76.73645. The land is vacant, and free from vegetation and trees. This land is adjacent to Boundary wall of Krishi Upaj Mandi and surrounded by agricultural land/ vacant plots

OHT (200KL) OHT of capacity 200 KL is proposed in proposed in town. The land is under possession of ULB; and Khasra number of lands is 331/1 (Latitude- 23.70822 and Longitude- 76.716172). The land is vacant and there are no trees. The land is surrounded by vacant plots. The nearest structure is at a distance of 32.8 m to the northwest.

Clear water Clear water feeder mains are feeder Mains proposed to lift the treated water (5210 m of from WTP to OHT. The feeder 100mm/ 150mm/ mains will be lay along the ROW 200mm/ 250mm/ of PWD road and Nagar 300mm dia,) Parishad road. The shoulder of the road would be used; No tree felling is involved as per the preliminary survey.

Distribution The distribution network of total network length 38558 m will be laid on (38558m) the side of the road. The diameter of distribution network will be from 75mm to 400mm. The road in Pachore is in custody of PWD and ULB.

Location & Environmental Infrastructure Features Site Photograph

E. Sensitive receptors

67. The laying of the pipelines network for Sanchi and Pachore presented in Figure 25 and 26 would include excavation during the laying process. During the construction period of laying of the clear water rising mains an excavation of 0.5 -0.7 m width is required. For a period of 3-5 days. This would cause inconvenience to operations of sensitive receptors e.g., schools and hospitals. In addition, during the laying of the pipeline there would dust and noise. Thus, during the environmental survey, the sensitive receptors especially along the clear water main have been identified. In addition, schools along the distribution network has also been identified and presented in Table10.

Table 10: Sensitive receptors along the Pipeline Network Sl. Distance of Building from the Distance and Height of No Name of the Receptor Edge of the Road boundary Wall Sanchi: Clear Water Rising Main 1. Government Higher Secondary 45.53 m Part Boundary 13.33 m School Sanchi (3 m high) 2 Government Hospital Sanchi 9.63 m None 3 Health Center 8.06 m None Sanchi: Distribution Network 4. Government Higher Secondary 2.3 m None School 5 St Xaviers School 1.0 m None 6 GGHS School 6.1 m None Pachore: Clear Water Rising Main 7 Government Hospital Pachore 9.61 m None Pachore: Distribution Network 8. Government Boys Middle 8.29 m None School Pachore 9. Government Girls Middle 0.5 m None School, Pachore Source: Environmental Surveys.

Figure 25: Proposed WSS components of Sanchi Town on Toposheet

Figure 26: Proposed WSS components of Pachore Town on Toposheet

V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Overview

68. This section of the IEE reviews possible subproject-related impacts, in order to identify issues requiring further attention and screen out issues of no relevance. ADB SPS (2009) require that impacts and risks will be analysed during pre-construction, construction, and operational stages in the context of the subproject’s area of influence. As defined previously, the primary impact are as are (i) the locations for laying of pipes, WTP, OHT/GSR and other structures; (ii) main routes / intersections which will be traversed by construction vehicles; and (ii)quarries and borrow pits as sources of construction materials.

69. In the case of this subproject (i) most of the individual elements are relatively small and involves straight forward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant; and (ii) most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements, will not cause direct impact on biodiversity values. The subproject will be in properties owned and/ or acquired by the local government and access to the subproject locations is through public ROW and existing roads hence, land acquisition and encroachment on private property will not occur.

70. Environmental impact of the project may be classified into three phases of the project:

(i) Preconstruction impact includes impacts associated with site selection include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment is there directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site. This phase includes impacts arising from Investment Program design, including technology used, scale of operation/ throughout, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services. (ii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production. (iii) O&M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues.

B. Pre-construction impacts–design and location

71. Design of the Proposed Components. Technical design of the Sanchi WSS (i) installation of Submersible Pump sets with Floating Pontoon in Halali Dam (ii) WTP of 2.50 MLD capacity (iii) 1 no. of OHT of capacity 200 kl and one number of GSR of capacity 450 kl, Raw water pumping/ gravity mains, clear water feeder mains, distribution network, connections and other items like flow meters.

72. Technical design of the Pachore WSS (i) utilization of existing weir &existing intake well at Newaj River, (ii) Construction of 7.5 MLD WTP and clear water pump house (iii) Construction of 2 number of proposed OHT of capacity 800 kl and 200 kl (iv) Laying of clear water feeder mains of length 5210 m, distribution network, connections and other items like flow meters, follows the relevant national planning and design guidelines for both town (Sanchi and 68

Pachore), focusing on providing a robust system which is easy to operate, sustainable, efficient and economically viable. Following environmental considerations are included in the project:

(i) Discontinuation of current unsustainable groundwater source and creating a new comprehensive water supply system based on a nearest surface water source; (ii) Recovering wash water from treatment process; (iii) Treatment and reuse of sludge from treatment process; (iv) Minimizing water losses from pipelines by perfect jointing and alignments using appropriate techniques (HDPE pipes up to150 mm dia. joined by electro fusion couplers using on-site electro fusion welding, and all higher dia. pipes by on site butt welding); (v) Minimizing overall resource use by combining bulk water facilities for towns. (vi) Designing the entire system to maintain optimal flow and terminal pressure, and optimizing the overall energy usage; (vii) Reducing the incidence of water borne diseases by providing100% Population including urban poor with potable water supplies; (viii) Improve water use efficiency and reduce water wastage at household level by recording and monitoring the water usage, and charging the consumers as per usage, due consideration to urban poor; (ix) Minimize unaccounted for water (UFW) losses using district metered area approach with flow meter and pressure logging arrangements to identify and rectify the leaks, and unauthorized connections; and (x) Using low-noise and energy efficient pumping systems.

73. Selection of water source. Subproject includes development of new water supply scheme. As the subproject towns i.e., Sanchi and Pachore are located at a distance of about 140 km from each other there was no possibility of combined source/ bulk scheme. Therefore, independent water supply schemes are proposed for both the towns separately based on the most feasible water source.

74. Analysis of Alternative sources. An alternative source analysis has been conducted to select a feasible source of water supply in each of the towns i.e., of Sanchi & Pachore to meet ultimate design demand. A techno- economic and environmental analysis of the source selection is presented below:

1. Alternative Source Analysis -Sanchi Water Supply Scheme

75. There are following three option (presented in Figure 27) were considered for supplying water in Sanchi:

(i) Underground water (ii) Betwa River (iii) Halali Dam

76. The following criteria were considered for selection of water source:

(i) Availability of water throughout the year; (ii) Lowest risk of contamination and pollution of water due to urbanization and industrialization; (iii) Low capital cost of transmission of water and operating expenditure; and (iv) Fulfilment of water qualities as per CPHEEO Manual.

77. Ground water. Presently only 0.45 MLD of water is being supplied through ground sources (10 tube wells and 33 hand pumps). These sources have very less yield. Based on the available data the present tube wells may supply water to the town at the tune of maximum 0.45 MLD. The present water demand is estimated at 1.7 MLD. Since the groundwater would not be able to meet this demand so it was not considered in proposed water supply scheme in Sanchi.

78. Betwa River. The Betwa is a river which flows in central-north India. The Betwa River has its origin from Vindhya Range. It is north of Hoshangabad in M.P. and flows in north-east direction in M.P. and U.P.

79. Betwa is a non-perennial river and dries up in February-March after monsoon every year. Hence the quantity of water from this river cannot be assured. Also, water from the river is been supplied to Vidisha town. Since water is not available in this river from February the town of Vidisha extracts water from the Halali Dam during the dry months to meet the demand of the town. Thus, taking water from the river for a town like Sanchi known for its cultural heritage and for its tourist attraction cannot be fulfilled by Betwa River. Thus, Betwa River is not considered for supplying water in Sanchi.

Figure 27: Google Map showing surface water source for Sanchi town

80. Halali Dam. Halali Dam on River Halali is situated in the Vidisha district; it is potential source of water for the town. Commissioned in 1997. Halali Dam is also known as Samrat Ashok Sagar Dam. It is a Medium irrigation project. Located at a distance of 22 km from the town it was considered as a good source of water. Following the Government of Madhya Pradesh’s policy to utilize surface water sources for drinking water supply wherever it is feasible, it is proposed to develop Sanchi water supply scheme based from Halali dam. One 70

water supply scheme for Raisen Municipal Corporation already extracts water from the Halali Dam, and Vidisha also withdraws water from the dam during the dry summer months.

81. Water Quantity Security. For the Sanchi town, the demand of water supply for the year 2018, 2033 and 2048 are estimated to the tune of 1.80 MLD, 2.40 MLD and 3.20 MLD respectively. Thus, maximum of 3.20 MLD intake from the source per annum i.e. 1168 ML (1.168 MCM) of drawl of water is to be ensured. Annual average recoupment of water in the Halali Dam every year is around 252.8 MCM which is 216 times more than the annual water demand of Sanchi town. Also, during the dry summer months, the drawl would be miniscule compared to the water storage available. This has been discussed in detail in para 19.

82. Quality Assurance of Halali Dam. The water in the Halali Dam was tested at the PHED laboratory and the reports are presented in Appendix 5. The basic parameters of quality of raw water are within the standards for IS 10500: 2012 except for coli form. Thus, this source was considered suitable as a source of water with required treatment.

83. Since the sourcing from the Halali Dam meets all the parameters of technical feasibility as well as the environmental consideration it was considered for Sanchi water supply scheme. The location of the floating pontoon is presented in Figure 28.

Figure 28: Location of water intake arrangement (Floating Pontoon) at Halali Dam for Sanchi water supply scheme

2. Alternate Source Analysis- Pachore Water Supply Scheme

84. The following three sources (presented in Figure 29) were considered as alternative sources for supplying water in Pachore:

(i) Groundwater (ii) Khushalpura Dam (iii) Newaj River

85. A similar criterion as discussed above for Sanchi was considered for selection of the source. Considering Government of Madhya Pradesh’s mandate to prioritize surface water source the feasibility of Newaj River and Khushalpura Dam was considered as priority. Presently the water supply of the town i.e. 1.40 MLD of water is being supplied through ground sources by 20 tube wells, 25 hand pumps and intake well on Newaj River. These entire sources

71 are giving very less yield. Based on the available data the present tube wells may supply water to the town but they would not be able to meet the water supply norms of CPHEOO.

86. Khushalpura Dam as water source. Khushalpura Dam is around 26 km way from Pachore town. It won’t be commercially economical to take water from Khushalpura Dam for Pachore WSS. Hence it was decided not to consider Khushalpura Dam as a source for Pachore WSS at least for the present time.

Figure 29: Google Map showing surface source Newaj River and alternative source

87. Newaj River. The Newaj River is part of the Chambal sub-basin. The Newaj River is the left bank tributary of the river Pavati which is a right bank principal tributary of Kali Sindh River and finally meets the River Chambal. It originates near the boundary of Sehore district and flows through Shajapur and Rajgarh district. Due to the rapid urbanization and the discharge of untreated sewage into the river there have been serious concerns raised about the quality of water in the river. Newaj River is situated within the Pachore Municipal boundary; it is thus a potential source of water for the town. Considering the proximity of surface water (Newaj River) and following the government policy to utilize surface water sources wherever it is feasible, Newaj River was considered as a source. The location of the weir and the existing water abstraction structure is presented in Figure 30 and 31.

88. For the Pachore town, the demand of water supply for the year 2018, 2033 & 2048 are estimated to the tune of 5.20 MLD, 7.00 MLD & 9.10 MLD respectively. As indicated in para 87, that the river flows for 8 month in year when the water can be extracted directly from the river. However, during the dry season (no flow) a maximum of 1 MCM can be extracted from the weir. Thus, only partial fulfilment of the water requirement is possible from surface water sources 72

during the dry season. The remaining requirement of 0.176 MCM (for intermediate year) has to be form other sources.

89. Ground Water Sources. To meet the short fall in demand groundwater sources were thus considered. Thus 0.176 MCM would be abstracted from the ground water sources. As already discussed in para 87, the groundwater abstraction is estimated to be 40% of the groundwater allocated for the Rajgarh Tehsil for drinking water for the period 2018-2033. Thus, the groundwater can sustainably meet the requirement for this period.

Figure 30: Location of existing weir and existing Intake well- Pachore WSS

Newaj River Newaj River Existing Weir

Figure 31: Existing Weir and Intake Structure

Existing weir across Newaj River and Existing Intake Structure in Pachore town

Figure 32: Course of River Newaj (365 km) and location of Pachore Town (138 km from Origin)

Figure 33: Catchment Area for Existing weir on Newaj River in Pachore town (2,650 km2)

90. Water Quantity Security for Pachore Town. For the Pachore Town, the demand of water supply for the year 2018, 2033 and 2048 are estimated to the tune of 5.20 MLD, 7.00 MLD and 9.10 MLD respectively. The requirement of water demand for Pachore town is fulfilled by the existing surface source (i.e. Newaj River) and Ground water source (existing tube well). 74

In view of sustainability of source, it is planned to supplement surface water with ground water which is being used currently with 20 existing tube wells (yield ranging from 26 to 39 liters per minute). In a particular year, the water demand for 8 months (July to February) will be fulfilled by surface source i.e. Newaj River and it is planned to supplement surface water with ground water. As discussed in para 89, the balance water demand for remaining 4 months (March to June) will be fulfilled by ground water source.

91. Ground water in Pachore town. Depth to water level, during pre-monsoon, ranges between 4.75 m bgl to 22.32m bgl. In the most part of the district, water level ranges between 9 and 12 m bgl during the pre-monsoon and during post monsoon period, water level ranges from 0.47 m bgl to 17.83m bgl.

92. Quality Assurance of Newaj River. It has been observed that three drains carry wastewater including storm water runoff and sewage from the town to the River Newaj within the limits of the Pachore Town. Two of these meet the river upstream of the intake at a distance of 1440 m and 1505 m from the existing intake well. The third meets the Newaj River downstream of the intake well. These are presented in Figure 19. A water quality testing was carried out at four location: (i) in the drain near the Samshan Ghat (burning ghat) just before the confluence with the river; (ii) Near the old bridge (just before the confluence with the river); (iii) intake well; and (iv) at the weir location. It is observed that the Fecal Coli form in the drain water is very high; however, at the intake location the fecal coli form is assessed to be “Nil”. The dilution effect of the River Newaj may be a plassible reason for the absence of coli form. It has been observed that during the dry season the water flow it the nala is down to a trickle. The other parameters were however, found to be within the acceptable limits of IS-10500: 2012. The water from the River Newaj was thus considered suitable for abstraction for drinking water purpose after suitable treatment. The water quality results of Pachore town are presented in Appendix 8, 9 and 10.

93. However, to protect the sources from contamination especially from wastewater the Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) in principle has decided in developing Sewerage Project for the Pachore Town. This would be developed from the domestic budget and is under active consideration of the GOMP.

94. Use of Chlorine as disinfectant. Given the risk of bacteriological contamination in the river water sources it is proposed to have disinfection of the water. Thus it is proposed to use chlorine at WTP for surface water and at sump well for ground water to disinfect the water prior to supply to consumers. There is invariably a safety risk when chlorine is handled. Although facilities are not located close to habitations, safety precautions are necessary to ensure the safety of workers and citizens. To avoid any risk, the chlorination facility will be provided with the following:

(i) Chlorine neutralization pit with a lime slurry feeder (ii) Proper ventilation, lighting, entry and exit facilities (iii) Facility for isolation in the event of major chlorine leakage (iv) Continuous monitoring and detection of leaks (v) Personal protection and safety equipment for the operators in the chlorine plant (vi) Provide training to the staff in safe handling and application of chlorine; this shall be included in the contract of Chlorinator supplier (vii) Supplier of Chlorinator equipment shall provide standard operating manual for safe operation and as well as maintenance and repairs; preferably these shall be provided both in English and Hindi Languages

(viii) Develop procedures for handling of emergencies and provide training to the employees.

Table 10: Water quality report of Newaj River S. Parameters Drinking Water Standards Newaj River No. (BIS Standard: IS: (Water quality results) 10500:2012 Dec. 2016 Feb. 2018 Feb. 2020 Desirable Permissible Existing Existing Existing limits limits in the Intake well Intake well Intake well absence of alternative 1. Temperature, - - 23.2 22.7 25 0C 2. pH at 250C 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation 7.63 7.4 8.612 3. Conductivity - - 432 525 495.0 at 250C µS/cm 4. Colour, 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 Hazen 5. Turbidity, 1 5 1.1 8.1 15.4 NTU 6. Total 500 2000 254 243 292.0 Dissolved Solid, mg/L 7. P-Alkalinity, 200 600 200 170 203.84 mg/L 8. Total 200 600 190 170 278.0 Hardness, mg/L 9. Calcium as 75 200 40 42.4 87.2 Ca2+, mg/L 10. Magnesium <= 30 100 21.5 15.3 14.4 as Mg2+, mg/L 11. Sulphate, 200 400 38.4 25 40.6 mg/L 12. Nitrate, mg/L 45 45 0.60 NIL 11.61 13. Potassium, - - - - mg/L 14. Fluoride, 1.0 1.5 0.285 0.34 0.287 mg/L 15. Iron, mg/L 0.3 0.3 0.03 NIL 0.2 16. Total Shall not be Absent 0.0 - NIL Coliform detectable in MPN /100 ml any 100 ml 17 E. coli sample Absent - - - MPN/100 ml

95. Ground Water Quality of Pachore town. Ground water quality of Pachore Town is good. Ground water presently supplied after chlorination. As per CGWB report of Year 2013, groundwater quality of Rajgarh district has EC value ranges from 435 to 2120 µs/cm at 25 0C. Nitrate was observed in the range of 12 to 276 mg/l whereas fluoride ranges from 0.02 to 5.59 mg/l. (source- CGWB report, District- Rajgarh, Year- 2013). 76

3. Downstream Impacts due to abstraction of river water from existing weir across Newaj River for Pachore water supply scheme.

96. Existing weir is utilized in the present proposal for Pachore Town. Given the small storage compared to the total volume of water available in the river, no significant impacts envisaged on downstream. As per site visit and discussion with local people during the preparation of IEE report, it is observed that the river is non- perennial, the flow of river is very low in the summer season. Therefore, no impacts envisaged in the downstream of the existing weir. Given intermittent nature of rivers, there are no notable sensitive environmental features. There is no notable, protected or unique aquatic life in the river, and the fish is limited to local common species like- minor carps, Rohu, Naren, Catla and cat fishes.

97. Utilities. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water lines within the proposed project locations may require to be shifted in few cases. To mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the contractor, in collaboration with ULB will (i) identify the locations and operators of these utilities to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and (ii) instruct construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

4. Impacts Social and Cultural Resources (Sanchi Stupa Complex).

98. Sanchi Stupa Complex is an Archeological Protected Site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Under the project approximately 1013 m of clear water main pipeline would pass though the protected Zone. In addition, the existing 100 kl GLSR is also within the protected area. The laying of an underground pipeline would require excavation. Since this is on a hillock and is reported to have hard road formation, breaking of the rock might require blasting or mechanical vibrators. Also, approximately 310 m of raw water gravity main and 2174 m clear water rising main pipeline would passes through the regulated zone.

99. The values associated with the Sanchi Stupa Complex are enumerated below:

(i) Architectural value: The architectural significance is categorized by the construction, features and styles that make the structure historically identifiable. Majorly three architectural styles- Buddhist Architecture, Maurya Architecture and Gupta Architecture style, are observed by which the architectural value can be stated. (ii) Archaeological value: Many places show indication of the ruins or broken architectural edifices. These may be stated as of archaeological Value. (iii) Historical value: The monument/ baseline features are built in different time period, under different kingships. These therefore may be categorized on the chronology, stated as of Historical Value. (iv) Technological or Scientific value: Sanchi is known for the Great Stupa and Temples. The construction of many monument/ baseline features is unique in typology as well as construction system. These may be stated as to have technological or scientific value. (v) Ensemble value: Most of the monument/ baseline features in Sanchi are in group. These may be stated to have ensemble value. (vi) Royal influence value: The monument/ baseline features which belong to or have an association with the royals of Sanchi and show their influence in search of identity in its architecture are stated to have royal influence value.

100. No Project Scenario. The 100 kl GLSR serves a considerable portion of the town as well as meets the requirement of water for the Sanchi Stupa Complex. As discussed above this 100 KL GLSR is an existing facility constructed in the 1970 and has observed to develop some leaks which need to be repaired. Unless these leaks are repaired, they can cause further deterioration of the condition of the water tank and reduce the service levels of drinking water. Also, the leaks in the tanks can trigger erosion of soil in the hillock.

101. Worst Case Scenario. In case no work of repairs of the GLSR is undertaken there may also be a possibility of structural disintegration of the tank leading to a rupture of the tank. A catastrophic failure may result in collateral damages to the archaeological property. Simultaneously, on the other side any work carried out without precautions can cause damage to the archaeological property and result in the loss of values discussed earlier. Considering both the scenarios it is evident that the works proposed are undertaken but it is also necessary the potential risk and impacts which can arise from the activities envisaged. This would also help in developing mitigation measures. The risks and impact which are likely are described below.

102. Impact Due to Raw Water Rising Main, Raw Water Rising main, BPT , Existing 100 kl GLSR: As discussed in Table 12 the proposed components e.g., WTP, raw water rising main, BPT, Existing 100 kl GLSR is at a distance from the archaeological properties. Hence there are no potential impacts due to these infrastructures on the archaeological property.

103. Impact due to Clear Water Rising Main, and 100 kl GLSR: As is indicated earlier 1013 m of Clear water rising main in the ‘ Protected Area and 310 m of raw water gravity main and 2174 m of the Clear Water Rising Main and 1750 m of the distribution network are in the “Regulated Area”. In all the cases of laying pipes for Clear Water main and Distribution network and clear water mains, the depth of the trench excavation is not exceedingly more than 1 m as per DPR. Also, the soils in the area are soft rock (0- 0.30 m) as per bore log analysis report the DPR. Therefore, no impact will be created due to the stability of soil strata. Only in cases of the immediate vicinity to archaeological structure and the length of the pipeline within the Protected areas and the repair of the 100 kl GLSR, some mitigation measures are required to be adopted which have been highlighted in the section below:

Table 11: Distance of Proposed components from the protected monuments at Sanchi Distance from Distance from the ASI the ASI Boundary of Boundary of S. Water Supply Protected Area Prohibited Area No Components (m) (m) Remarks 1 Intake structure (floating 19,086 m 18,689 m Pontoon) 2 Brake Pressure Tank 17,695 m 17,303 m (BPT) 3 Proposed WTP 740 m 382 m 4 Proposed OHT (200 KL) 620 m 242 m 5 Existing GLSR- I(100 KL) Within the ASI - Only plugging of water protected leakages & painting boundary work will be done. 6 Proposed GLSR (450 KL) 1,094 m 994 m 7 Existing GLSR- II (100 KL) 1,104 m 1,004 m Only plugging of water leakages & painting work will be done. 78

Figure 34: Location of Proposed components with respect to protected monuments in Sanchi town

Figure 35: Location of Pipeline with respect to outer boundary of protected monuments within 100-300 m 80

104. Chance finds during the construction activities. Since the works would include excavation of trenches for laying of pipelines within the complex there are chances of chance finds. These chance finds can have values as discussed above.

105. To avoid the potential impacts stated above the following steps are being considered:

(i) No detonation or explosives would be used within 1 km of the protected area boundary; (ii) No excavation would be carried out using mechanical cutters and only manual excavation is allowed in the “Prohibited Area”. In the protected area the possibility of have an over ground pipeline on pedestals designed in sync with the aesthetics of the Sanchi Stupa complex would be developed and no underground pipeline would be developed in the protected area. All excavation required for the construction of the pedestal be carried out manually without any mechanical aid; (iii) Within the protected area boundary movement of heavy vehicle and equipment would be prohibited; (iv) No work would be initiated in the protected area either of laying of the Clear water main, distribution line network or repair of the 100 kl existing GLSR without the permission of the National Monument Authority/Archaeological Survey of India; (v) All work in the Sanchi Stupa Complex would be carried out under the direct supervision of ASI. The PMU would request the ASI for the supervision; (vi) The Construction Contractor to develop separate Management Plan for Construction in Heritage Areas / Heritage Area Construction Management Plan for construction within the Protected area keeping into consideration any conditions proposed by ASI, and the measures suggested above. The plan should provide protocols which need to be followed during the construction, Develop Do’s and Dont’s during the construction activities. The contractor should employee a person with a formal certification course in archaeology especially construction works from recognized institute (such as Institute of Archaeology, ASI, Delhi). Have all works carried out under the supervision of a person having training in archaeological conservation. (vii) Before construction in the Protected area carry out half day training for workers to be involved in the construction activities within the protected area on Do’s and Dont’s. This should be followed up with Toolbox talks carried out by the supervisor everyday before the start of the activity. The toolbox talk should brief the workers about the general hazards (relating to the archeological activity as well as the tourists) and precautions to be taken. In case there are specific risks which are identified the mitigation plan approved by ASI shall be intimated to the workers. The entire process should be documented by the Contractor and submitted as a compliance report Of the Management Plan for Construction in Heritage Areas / Heritage Area Construction Management Plan to the PMU. The PMU would submit these compliance reports to ADB as part of the Semi-annual Compliance Report; (viii) In case of Chance find stop work immediately and follow the Chance find protocol; (ix) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; and (x) Inform State Archaeological Department if a find is suspected and take any action, as advices by the Archaeological Department to ensure its removal or

protection in situ.

5. Impacts on the Landscape

106. The natural landscapes outside the precincts of Stupa no. 1 and the Cheitiyagiri Vihara in Sanchi Stupa Complex (presented in Figure 36) are a valued landscape for tourist. This is primarily a rural area which has not been urbanized and present scenic landscape from the archaeological property. As part of the project an OHT 23 m high has been proposed in this landscape approx. 500 m from the Stupa no. 1. This would totally out of sync of the landscape and would not only aesthetically disturbing but also would destroy the entire visual landscape. Also developing such a structure within the “cone of vision” of the UNESCO World Heritage Site is unwarranted. It is thus proposed to:

• Change the location of the 200 kl OHT from the present location and find another suitable location outside the cone of vision.

107. As presented in the MoM (Letter no. MPUDC- NS- 5967 dated 16 March 2020) Look at the options of (i) finding a suitable location outside the cone of vision; and (ii) consider increasing the size of the proposed 450 kl GLSR (refer Appendix 27).

Figure 36: Landscape outside Stupa No. 1

6. Impacts due to Siting of Facilities and Site Selection

108. Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas. Priority would be to locate these facilities near the project components. However, it would be necessary to ensure that the facilities are located in areas such that it does not cause any harm to the environment; cause any conflict with the local population, results in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and common resources.

109. To prevent any inconvenience to local population and prevent harm to the environment siting guidelines have been developed for setting up of construction camps:

(i) Residential areas will not be considered for setting up camps to protect the human environment (i.e. curb accident, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). A minimum buffer distance of 200 m would be maintained; (ii) Sensitive environmental receptors forest, schools’ hospitals, religious places, water bodies, swamps, riverbeds/banks or in areas which will inconvenience the community will be avoided; and (iii) A detailed guidance for siting of construction camps is provided in Appendix 21: Guidance for Siting and Facilities at Construction Camp.

110. Site selection of sources of materials. Significant quantities of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate will be required for construction works. Requirement of gravel is limited. Significant quantities of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate will be required for construction works. Contractor should procure these materials only from the quarries. Improper extraction of materials can disrupt natural land contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution.

(i) To prevent the adverse effect from the sourcing of quarry material required i.e., sand and stone aggregate, the following measures will be adopted in MPUSIP; (ii) The material will be procured from existing quarries which have valid Environmental Clearance by the State Environmental Appraisal Committee/ State Environmental Appraisal Authority; (iii) Further as a contractual obligation the Contractor is required to submit the Environmental Clearance certificate and the latest copy of the semi-annual Compliance Report submitted by the Quarry to MPPCB to the PIU before the procurement of the material. Contractor to submit to PIU on a monthly basis documentation on material obtained from each source (quarry/ borrow pit); (iv) However, if the Contractor opens a new quarry he has to obtain the environmental clearance and submit the same to the PIU before extracting any material from the quarry/sand mine; and (v) Submit to MPUDC on a monthly basis report of the quantity of material procured/extracted from each quarry.

7. Impact due to presence of Hazardous Material (Asbestos Cement Pipes)

111. As discussed earlier asbestos cement pipes had been used in part of the pipeline network developed during the 1970’s. There is acute health risk of workers getting exposed to asbestos containing material if these pipes are uncovered in the course of the work. These, pipeline are usually laid at adept of 1.5 m from the ground level. Under this project the maximum depth of laying of pipeline would be 1.2 m. This will help reduce the probability of workers 84

getting exposed to asbestos containing material during excavation. Generally, as a practice, these pipelines are left buried in the ground without disturbing their status quo. This would to a large extent reduce the exposure of the workforce to be engaged in the project from asbestos during excavation.

112. Further, a desk based due diligence, was carried out to understand the presence of the old asbestos pipes stocked in the different Go down of ULB in these two cities. It was reported by MPUDC that no such stockpile is maintained.

113. Even though adequate safeguards have already been incorporated in the design, considering the health and safety risk associated with asbestos the following precautions have been proposed:

(i) A detailed survey with the assistance of PHED and /NP on the presence of existing AC pipes in the distribution network or on areas which involve pipe laying activities. In the final IEE, a map showing the exact location of the AC pipes should be provided; (ii) Locate the new pipes carefully to avoid encountering AC pipes; (iii) All AC pipes will be left in situ and untouched. New pipes will be placed next to AC pipes; (iv) In the event, that the asbestos fibers from AC pipes were accidentally disturbed/exposed, the contractor should also prepare SOP for handling the AC pipes; and (v) Safe disposal and precaution will be taken as per the USEPA https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/safe-work-practices.

8. Impacts from Procurement of Material

114. The Regulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Order, 2016 states that all equipment containing biphenyl should be phased out by 31 December 2025. In such cases both the oil and the equipment would be considered as a hazardous waste and disposed as per the relevant legislations. To prevent this scenario No transformer procured under the project should cantina biphenyl and the Bid Document should clearly indicate this.

C. Construction Impact

115. The construction work is expected not to cause major negative impacts, mainly because:

(i) Most of the activities will be on the built-up areas of towns and/or existing ROW, thus could be constructed without causing impacts to biodiversity; (ii) Most of the sites are located on government-owned land which is not occupied or used for any other purpose; (iii) overall construction program will be relatively short and is expected to be completed in 24 months with activities to conducted by small teams and specified location so most impacts will be localized and short in duration; (iv) Most of the predicted impacts associated with the construction process are produced because the process is invasive, such as involving excavation. However, the routine nature of the impacts means that most can be easily mitigated, and the impacts are clearly a result of the construction process rather than the design or location, as impacts will not occur if excavation or other ground disturbance is not involved; and

(v) As a result, there are several aspects of the environment which are not expected to be affected by the construction process and these can be screened out of the assessment at this stage as required by ADB procedure. These are shown in following table. These environmental factors are screened out presently but will be assessed again before starting the construction activities.

1. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures

116. Although construction of the subproject components involves quite simple techniques of civil work, the invasive nature of excavation and the subproject locations in the built-up areas of towns. Where there are a variety of human activities, will result to impacts to the environment and sensitive receptors such as residents, businesses, and the community in general. These anticipated impacts are temporary and for short duration. Physical impacts will be reduced by the method of working and scheduling of work, whereby the project components will be (i) constructed by small teams working at a time; (ii) any excavation done near sensitive area like school, religious places and house will be protected as per standard norms; (iii) Busy street and bazaar area will require night work. For night work Contractor will ensure lights not focusing on houses, (iv) Use of low noise generator; (v) Proper signage ’sand barricades; (vi) Prior noticed before construction work of a particular stretch to residences/shops etc.

117. Surface Water Quality. Construction of intake structure in the dam may lead degradation of water quality due to increase in turbidity during installation work of floating pontoon. Though there are no notable aquatic life, to ensure that any negative impacts are mitigation, the contractor will be required to:

(i) Select a construction methodology that is least disturbing, and appropriate for the in-situ soil condition, and able to complete the construction work prior to onset of monsoon. (ii) Schedule the construction works during low water level period – late winter months to pre monsoon (February – June/July); ensure that works are completed during the same period to prior to onset of monsoon; confirm with dam authorities on release of water; avoid scheduling the works during water release period. (iii) Erect temporary barriers to form enclosed construction area with least disturbance (iv) Allow adequate time to settle the distributed solids to prior to pumping out water; only clear/clarified water shall be pumped back into the reservoir; any silt laden water should be pumped to a silt pond. (v) Avoid/minimize use of fuels, chemicals and lubricants; ensure no spillage.

118. Air Quality. It is most certain that work will be conducted during the dry season, so there is potential for creating dust from the excavation of dry soil, backfilling, transportation to disposal, and from the import and storage of sand/gravel for bedding. Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation and construction will also induce impacts on the air quality in the construction sites. Anticipated impacts include dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons) but temporary and during construction activities only. To mitigate the impacts, construction contractors will be required to:

(i) Consult with PMU/PIU on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction materials. (ii) Excavate the SRs foundations at the same time as the access roads (if needed) 86

are built so that dug material is used immediately, avoiding the need to stockpile on site. (iii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled-on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather. (iv) Bring materials (aggregates) as and when required. (v) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by vehicles. (vi) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly; and (vii) Clean wheels and undercarriage of vehicles prior to leaving construction site.

119. Landscape and Aesthetics. The construction work is likely to generate significant quantities of waste soil and debris. This activity will generate wood, metal and concrete debris. Indiscriminate disposal of the soil and waste may affect the local environment at the disposal location. These impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Prepare and implement Waste Management Plan. (ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils. (iii) Avoid disposal of any debris and waste soils in the forest areas and in or near water bodies/rivers. (iv) Coordinate with ULB for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas. (v) Recover wood, metal, used oil, and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites. (vi) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas. (vii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer required; and (viii) Request UDHD/PMU to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

120. Accessibility. Transport infrastructure will be affected as in the narrower streets there is not enough space for excavated soil to be piled off the road. The road itself may also be excavated in places where there is no available land to locate pipes alongside. Traffic will therefore be disrupted, and in some very narrow streets the whole road may need to be closed for short periods. Potential impact is negative but short term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan pipeline work in consultation with the traffic police. (ii) Conduct work during light traffic. (iii) Plan work such that trench excavation, pipe laying, and refilling including compacting, at a stretch is completed in a minimum possible time. (iv) Provide for immediate consolidation of backfilling material to desired compaction to avoid future settlement risk - this will allow immediate road restoration and therefore will minimize disturbance to the traffic movement. (v) Do not close the road completely, ensure that work is conducted onto edge of the road; allow traffic to move on one line. (vi) In unavoidable circumstances of road closure, provide alternative routes, and ensure that public is informed about such traffic diversions. (vii) At all work sites public information/caution boards shall be provided – information

shall inter-alia include: project name, cost and schedule; executing agency and contractor details; nature and schedule of work at that road/locality; traffic diversion details, if any; entry restriction information; competent official’s name and contact for public complaints.

121. Socio-Economic – Income. Excavation will obstruct access to residences/commercial building. Disruption of access to commercial establishments may affect livelihood. Since many of the roads are narrow, construction activities may also obstruct traffic. The potential impacts are negative and moderate but short-term and temporary. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Leave space for access between mounds of excavated soil. (ii) Provide wooden planks/footbridges for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow access across trenches to premises where required. (iii) Consult affected businesspeople to inform them in advance when work will occur.

122. Socio-Economic – Employment. Manpower will be required during the 24 months construction stage. This can result to generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue. Thus, potential impact is positive and long-term. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and (ii) Secure construction materials from local market. 123.

124. Occupational Health and safety. Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in height and excavation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and safety (EHS) Plan which will include assures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) EHS Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents; (ii) Ensure that qualified first aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site. (iii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers. (iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks. (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water. (vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances. (vii) Provide EHS orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers. (viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted. (ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas. 88

(x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms. (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and (xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. (xiii) Develop and implement detailed site-specific health and safety plan with measures to manage COVID-19 impacts in accordance with national and local requirements and international guidelines of WHO, IFC, etc.

125. Impacts due to COVID19 Pandemic: In light of Covid19 Pandemic, potential biological hazards in municipal waste, water and waste management practices may be anticipated. Municipal waste and sewage may contain disease-causing organisms that may be dispersed in water or air. Disinfection and containment will follow WHO’s guidance on water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for the COVID-19 virus and to be considered in the detailed engineering design to avoid any risks of diseases or illnesses to the workers and the community such as the spread of viruses. Site specific EMP’s developed in such situations will follow international guidelines 8 and any other WHO or national guidelines that may be applicable.

126. Noise Levels. The construction and excavation activities will certainly generate noise and vibrations. The sensitive receptors are the general population in these areas. Noise will be for a short term (about 2-3 days at each location) thus impact is negative, short-term, and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan activities in consultation with PMU/PIU so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance. (ii) Provide prior information to the local public about the work schedule. (iii) Require horns not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach. (iv) Ensure that there are no old and sensitive buildings that may come under risk due to the use of pneumatic drills, if there is risk (v) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and (vi) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dbA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.

8 Useful guidance notes: (i) Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19 (WHO)–https://www.who.int/docs/default- source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf (ii) Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration); https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3990.pdf (iii) IFC Interim advice on supporting workers in the context of COVID-19

127. Pipe Laying Work. Civil works in the project include linear excavation for laying pipes along the roads, placing pipes in the trench and refilling with the excavated soil. The trenches will be of 0.4 m – 0.7 m wide and 0.8 to 1.2 m depth. Subsequent to completion of works, road reinstatement will be undertaken by the contractor as part of the civil works. The roads in the core city area of both the towns are very narrow and congested with pedestrians and vehicles, while the roads in outer areas are wide.

128. Earth work excavation will be undertaken by machine (backhoe excavator) and include danger lighting and using sight rails and barricades at every 100 m., while pipe laying works will include laying pipes at required gradient, fixing collars, elbows, tees, bends and other fittings including conveying the material to work spot and testing for water tightness. Sufficient care will be taken while laying so that existing utilities and cables are not damaged and pipes are not thrown into the trenches or dragged, but carefully laid in the trenches. As trenches are a maximum of 1.2 m, there is no risk of collapse of trenches or risk to surrounding buildings. Once they are laid, pipes will be joined as per specification and then tested for any cracks of leakages. The minimum working hours will be 8 hours daily, the total duration of each stage depends on the soil condition and other local features. About 95% of the excavated soil will be used for refilling the refilling the trench after placing the pipe and therefore residual soil after pipe laying and refilling is not significant. This soil shall be used for construction of WTP in ground levelling.

129. Although construction of these project components involves quite simple techniques of civil work, the invasive nature of excavation and the project locations in the built-up areas of the town where there are a variety of human activities, will result in impacts to the environment and sensitive receptors such as residents, businesses, and the community in general. These anticipated impacts are temporary and for short duration. Water and sewer lines will be laid on either side of the roads/streets.

130. Generation of Construction Waste. Solid wastes generated from the construction activities are excess excavated earth (spoils), discarded construction materials, cement bags, wood, steel, oils, fuels and other similar items. Domestic solid wastes may also be generated from the workers’ camp. Improper waste management could cause odor and vermin problems, pollution and flow obstruction of nearby watercourses and could negatively impact the landscape. The following mitigation measures to minimize impacts from waste generation shall be implemented by the contractor:

(i) Prepare and implement a Construction Waste Management Plan (ii) Stockpiles, lubricants, fuels, and other materials should be located away from steep slopes and water bodies. (iii) Avoid stockpiling any excess spoils. Excess excavated soils should be disposed to approve designated areas. (iv) Domestic solid wastes should be properly segregated in biodegradable and non- biodegradable for collection and disposal to designated solid waste disposal site. (v) Residual and hazardous wastes such as oils, fuels, and lubricants shall be disposed in disposal sites approved by local authorities. (vi) Prohibit burning of construction and domestic waste. (vii) Ensure that wastes are not haphazardly dumped within the project site and adjacent areas. (viii) Get approval of PIU in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance.

131. General Impacts. A different but less significant impact is on people and communities if water supplies are closed down for extended periods when work is conducted on the network. This would be inconvenient in the short term, and there could be health risks if the water supply was unavailable for several successive days or longer. It will therefore be important to take the necessary measures to avoid such a situation. This will require:

(i) Detailed planning of the construction program to keep the cessation of water supplies to the minimum possible. (ii) Provision of alternative potable water to affected households and businesses for the duration of the shut down (iii) Liaison with affected persons to inform them of any cessation in advance, and to ensure that they are provided with an alternative supply.

132. There is invariably a safety risk when substantial construction such as this is conducted in an urban area, and precautions will thus be needed to ensure the safety of both workers and citizens. The Contractor will be required to produce and implement a site Health and Safety Plan, and this should include such measures as:

(i) Excluding the public from the site; (ii) Ensuring that all workers are provided with and use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment; (iii) Health and Safety Training for all site personnel; (iv) Documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (v) Accident reports and records; etc.

133. Asbestos Containing Material. As discussed earlier a part of the existing network has been developed with AC Pipe. As part of the project careful planning has been carried out to prevent any interference with the AC pipes during the construction. As discussed earlier the AC would be decommissioned and will lay in-situ without any disturbance. However, as a chance if such pipes are encountered during the construction, exposures of workers to asbestos containing material possess a grave risk. In such cases the following precautions should be taken:

(i) Workers should be made aware to identify AC pipes. (ii) Work in such area should be immediately stopped and the excavations backfilled so that it does not expose others to asbestos risk, (iii) The Contractor should prepare an Asbestos Management Plan as illustrated in the flow chart in Figure 37. (iv) Application of a detailed H&S procedure by the contractor such that equipment and workers who might have been accidentally exposed to asbestos dust are protected (as per international protocols for exposure to protocol.

134. Community Health and Safety. Hazards posed to the public, specifically in high- pedestrian areas may include traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians. Specific areas of concern have been observed in case of laying of Clear Water rising main in front of the (i) Government Higher Secondary School Sanchi; (ii) Government Hospital Sanchi; and (iii) Health Centre Sanchi. In case of Pachore the similar case would arise during construction in front of Government Hospital Pachore. During the construction activities the access to these institutions would be a problem. In case of hospital a 24x7 access of vehicle is required. In case of school presence of open excavation approx. 1.0 m deep possess safety risk for the students

91 coming near it. Potential impact is negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures.

135. The Contractor should ensure:

(i) Motorable access is provided in front of the Hospital during the construction period. In front of school or hospital MS Trench Bridges of adequate capacity should be provided with proper handrails so it can withstand the pedestrian loads at these institutions. (ii) All excavation, work areas within 500 m of the hospital and education area need to be closed with hard barricading 2.0 m high. The contractor should also provide cross over point where necessary with MS Trench Bridge. (iii) At sensitive locations particularly where there are schools and markets close to the road, awareness of safety issues will be raised through neighborhood awareness meetings. Conduct noise-generating activities in daytime only and intermittently so that excessive noise may not cause health impact to people. (iv) In other areas confine work areas; prevent public access to all areas where construction works are on-going using hard barricading and security personnel. (v) Provide warning signs, blinkers to the barricading to caution the public about the hazards associated with the works, and presence of deep excavation. (vi) Minimize the duration of time when the trench is left open through careful planning; plan the work properly from excavation to refilling and road relaying. (vii) Do not allow any stagnant water during rains at site to prevent mosquito breeding. (viii) Ensure appropriate and safe passage for pedestrians along the work sites. (ix) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of on-going trenching activities. (x) Provide temporary traffic control (e.g. flagmen) and signs where necessary to improve safety and smooth traffic flow. (xi) Where traffic is diverted around crossings, traffic control or careful selection of the exit from the working areas will be provided with the aim of ensuring that vehicles join the road in a safe manner. (xii) All drivers and equipment operators will undergo safety training. (xiii) Maintain regularly the construction equipment and vehicles; use manufacturer- approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. 92

Figure 37: Flowchart for Preparing an Asbestos Management Plan

D. Operation & Maintenance Impact

136. O&M of the water supply system will be the responsibility of Nagar Parishad. A small number of people will be employed to operate and maintain the pump houses and OHSRs location. Nagar Parishad will employ local contractors to conduct repairs, and contractors should be required to operate the same kinds of Health and Safety procedures as used in the construction phase to protect workers and the public.

137. The system have a design life of 30 years, during which shall not require major repairs or refurbishments and should operate with little maintenance beyond routine actions required to keep the pumps and other equipment in working order. The stability and integrity of the system will be monitored periodically to detect any problems and allow remedial action if required. Any repairs will be small-scale involving manual, temporary, and short-term works involving regular checking and recording of performance for signs of deterioration, servicing and replacement of parts.

138. The main requirement for maintenance of the rising main and distribution system will be for the detection and repair of leaks. The usage of good quality DI pipe should mean that pipeline breaks are very rare, and that leaks are mainly limited to joints between pipes. The repair of household connections and the provision of new connections to slums and developing areas to increase the number of people supplied should reduce the incidence of illegal connections, which are often a major source of leaks.

139. The bulk meters installed at storage reservoirs and pumping stations will allow amounts of water flowing through individual parts of the network to be monitored, which will pinpoint areas where there are leaks, and/or where water is being taken from the system illegally. A small Leak Detection Team will then visit these areas with audio devices to locate individual leaks, which will then be repaired in essentially the same way that the pipes were installed. Trenches will be dug to reveal the leaking area and the faulty connection will be re-fitted, or the pipe will be removed and replaced if necessary. If illegal connections are found these will be removed and the pipe will be re-sealed, or a new connection with a meter will be provided for the household.

1. Environmental impacts and benefits of the operating system

(a) Physical Resources

140. Operation and Maintenance of Pipes. Recurrence of pipe bursting and leakage problems can be managed by the leak detection and water auditing surveys. The ULB will be required to ensure that the leak detection and rectification time is minimized. Repair works could cause some temporary disruption of activities at locations of social and cultural importance such as schools, hospitals, churches, tourist sites etc., so the same precautions as employed during the construction period should be adopted. PMU/PIU/ULB needs to:

(i) Identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity. Complete work in these areas quickly; after the repairs are completed the road repairing shall be carried out by the ULB/ Contractor /Any other agency within a week’s time. (ii) Consult local communities in advance of the work to identify and address key issues, and avoid working at sensitive times, such as religious and cultural festivals. 94

(iii) For any work with the protected area of the Sanchi Stupa complex the permission of ASI is necessary and precautions mentioned above shall be followed. (iv) If necessary, a new pipe will be brought to site and replaced. The trench will then be refilled and re-compacted. This work should be very infrequent and will affect individual small locations for short periods only.

141. Exposure to Asbestos during the repair of Pipes. Since the new network would not have any AC pipes there are no risk of exposure to asbestos during the Operation and Maintenance.

142. Water treatment plant. The potential impacts for the operation and maintenance of the water treatment plant are: (i) contamination and/or pollution of the water source; (ii) blockage of the intake structure; (iii) contaminated and/or poor quality of drinking/treated water; (iv) generation of sludge; (v) pollution on the receiving body of water for the filter backwash water; and (vi) risks and hazards to the workers in the operation and maintenance of the WTP (i.e., exposure to chlorine gas, fire incidents, accidents during O&M). The preventive and mitigation measures that the contractor should implement are:

(i) Develop and implement an O&M Manual of the WTP. Basic information that should be included in the O&M plan are: (a) standard operating procedure of all the equipment and unit operations in the treatment plant; (ii) cleaning procedures and frequency; (iii) responsible personnel; maintenance and repairs schedule; (iv) sludge management; and (v) forms and checklist for routine inspection; (ii) The O&M of the intake structure will include: (a) regular checking of blockage and breakage of intake conduit and pumps; (b) cleaning of screenings and side channels, and (c) monitoring of the water level and flow velocity. For the water quantity, a flow meter should be included in the design to ensure that the environmental/ecological flow of the river is maintained; (iii) Regular monitoring of the treated water quality to ensure that the parameters are within the applicable standards for drinking water quality (IS 10500:2012). Water Quality of sub-surface water in the project area for Pachore also has to be tested at an accredited laboratory as per the IS 10500: 2012. Online analysers for pH (as per International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry), Turbidity (as per ISO 7027) and Residual Chlorine shall be installed and linked to the operation control system; (iv) For the sludge management, the contractor will be responsible for the final disposal of the sludge–For temporary storage a Sludge Storage Tank of 10 m x 20 m has been proposed in the DPR; (v) Contractor will check the suitability of dried sludge to use as soil conditioner; if not suitable, dispose through landfilling at local authority designated sites. (vi) For the filter backwash water, the design of WTP has already incorporated recirculation of water and no wastewater will be discharged in the receiving body of water; (vii) To avoid risks and hazards to workers, the contractors should prepare OHS plan during O&M, including emergency response procedures for chemical spill, fire, earthquake, etc. Handling and storage chemicals should be in accordance with the Material Safety Data Sheet. Also, prepare and implement the safety procedures of handling chlorine based on national and international standards such as the World Bank’s Group General EHS Guidelines and EHS Guidelines

for Water and Sanitation; and (viii) For the precautions regarding the accidental discharge of chlorine the precautions mentioned in Chapter 8 of the CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply and Treatment may be followed.

(b) Economic Development

143. The provision of water supply system is not expected to have direct economic benefits for business or industry, as connections will only be provided to domestic users. However, businesses will almost certainly benefit from the expected improvement in the health and wellbeing of their workforce this should result in fewer days lost through illness, and overall increased productivity.

144. The citizens of the town will be the major beneficiaries of the improved water supply, as they will be provided with a constant supply of better-quality water, piped into their homes. In addition to improved environmental conditions, the subproject will improve the overall health condition of the town as diseases of poor sanitation (such as diarrhea and dysentery) will be reduced.

145. Improved Health and Hygiene. The citizens of the town will be the major beneficiaries of the improved water supply, as they will be provided with a constant supply of better-quality water, piped into their homes. This should improve the social lifestyle in the city, and individual and community health and well-being. Diseases of poor sanitation, such as diarrhea and dysentery, should be reduced, so people should spend less on healthcare and lose fewer working days due to illness, so their economic status should also improve, as well as their overall health.

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Overview

146. The active participation of stakeholders including local community, NGOs, and the media in all stages of project preparation and implementation is essential for successful implementation of the project. It will ensure that the subprojects are designed, constructed, and operated with utmost consideration to local needs, ensures community acceptance, and will bring maximum benefits to the people. Public consultation and information disclosure is a must as per the ADB policy.

147. Most of the main stakeholders have already been identified and consulted during preparation of this IEE, and any others that are identified during project implementation will be brought into the process in the future. Primary stakeholders of the subproject are residents, shopkeepers and businesspeople who live and work alongside the roads in which network improvements will be provided and near sites where facilities will be built (WTP and water tanks), and government and utility agencies responsible for provision of services in towns. Secondary stakeholder are NGOs and CBOs working in the area, community representatives, beneficiary community in general, government agencies, the executing and implementing agencies (UDHD, PMU and PIUs), Government of India and the ADB.

148. The public consultation and disclosure program is a continuous process throughout the project implementation, including project planning, design and construction.

B. Public Consultation

149. The public consultation and disclosure program is a continuous process throughout the project implementation, including project planning, design and construction.

150. Consultation during Project Preparation. Institutional consultations were conducted with the Governmental Departments such as PMU, Pollution Control Board, Public Health Engineering Department, Water Resourced Department, and ULBs etc. The project proposal is formulated in consultation with Nagar Parishads and suits the requirements of the ULBs.

151. Focus-group discussions with affected persons and other stakeholders were conducted to learn their views and concerns. A socio-economic household survey has been conducted in the town, covering sample households, to understand the household characteristics, health status, and the infrastructure service levels, and also the demand for infrastructure services. General public and the people residing along the project activity areas were also consulted during visits to the project sites. The detailed of Public consultation meeting is given in Appendix 3 and 4 for Sanchi and Pachore Town respectively.

152. It was observed that people are willing to extend their cooperation as the proposed activities are proposed to enhance the infrastructure service levels and the living standard of the public. The public expressed their concern regarding the nuisance and disturbance (dust, road closure and traffic management activities)

153. Consultation during construction. Prior to start of construction, ULB and PIU with the assistance of PMC will conduct information dissemination sessions at various places and solicit the help of the local community, leaders/prominent for the project work. At each ward/neighborhood level, focus group meetings will be conducted to discuss and plan construction work with local communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts.

154. A constant communication will be established with the affected communities to redress the environmental issues likely to surface during construction phases and also regarding the grievance redress mechanism. ULB/PIU and PMC will organize public meetings and will appraise the communities about the progress on the implementation of EMP. Meeting will also be organized at the potential hotspots/sensitive locations before and during the construction.

C. Information Disclosure

155. Executive summary of the IEE will be translated in Hindi and made available at the offices of PMU, PIU, Nagar Parishad offices, and also displayed on their notice boards. Hard copies of the IEE will be accessible to citizens as a means to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. Electronic version of the IEE in English and Executive Summary in Hindi will be placed in the official website of the UDHD, PMU after approval of the IEE by Government and ADB. Stakeholders will also be made aware of grievance register and redress mechanism.

156. Public information campaigns to explain the project details to a wider population will be conducted. Public disclosure meetings will be conducted at key project stages to inform the public of progress and future plans. Prior to start of construction, the PMU/PIU will issue Notification on the start date of implementation in local newspapers A board showing the details of the project will be displayed at the construction site for the information of general public.

157. Local communities will be continuously consulted regarding location of construction camps, access and hauling routes and other likely disturbances during construction. The road closure together with the proposed detours will be communicated via advertising, pamphlets, radio broadcasts, road signage, etc.

Table 12: Summary of Stakeholder Consultations of Sanchi town No. of Locatio Particip Issues/ concerned Date n ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised 15 Near Total -5 Residents of Near • Briefing on project • None of the participants May Existing (Female Existing GSR objectives probable knew about the 2019 GSR - 3 Male (100 kl) implementation proposed project. On (100 kl) -2) procedures learning about the • Potential positive and project, they expressed negative impacts due that they were happy to project that the entire implementation community would be • Experiences sharing benefited from the on - livelihood upgraded water supply. activities, Resettlement • Slum dwellers showed and Rehabilitation, willingness to take water women empowerment, connections but tribal development, demanded relaxation in health, education, user charges. convergence with • People were briefed existing government about the complaint social security redress mechanism. schemes etc. • Grievance Redress procedures 15 en-route Total -6 Consultation • Proposed subproject • Participants did not 98

No. of Locatio Particip Issues/ concerned Date n ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised May village (Female with residents of for town Sanchi and hear about the 2019 namely - 0 Male en-route village its components proposed project but Khoya -6) namely Khoya • Impact during welcomed it. located located in construction work • They told that one raw in between Intake water pipeline for town between well to WTP Raisen is already Intake passing through their well to village and we have no WTP objection on that. • People were briefed about the complaint redress mechanism. 15 Office of Total 4 Office staff, sub • Briefing on project • No land issue, enough May the (Male) engineer and objectives probable land is available. 2019 Nagar others implementation • Ready to cooperate to Parisha procedures obtain NOC from other d- • No objection departments Sanchi certificates to be obtained from other department 25 Ward Total= SC-ST • Status of existing • Majority were very Aug. No. 03, 14, M= community drinking water supply excited about the 2018 Sanchi 0, F= 14 People, ULB system of. scheme as either they Staff, • Need for are fetching water from Resettlement improvements to far, or the quality is not Coordinator, present system. good, children also Engineer- DRA • The Water Supply suffer as they also are consultant Pvt. Scheme, SHG (Self required to help. Ltd. Help Group) • But at the same time, Environmental, Social, they wanted the rates GRM, traffic safety not to be exuberantly issue and benefit from high. the project were • They aspired that the explained to the scheme should bring Stakeholders. them water ASAP. • Briefing on project • Residents of this ward objectives probable told that quality of tube implementation well water is not good. procedures. • Whereas in some other ward females told that they and their children don’t like taste of river water as they are used to drink tube well water. So, they were also explained about the advantages of this water over the tube well water. 25 Market Total Shopkeepers • Knowledge of project • Participants had heard Aug. Area, =14 ULB Staff, • Present water supply about the proposed 2018 Sanchi M=12, Resettlement situation project and welcomed

No. of Locatio Particip Issues/ concerned Date n ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised F=02 Coordinator, • Drinking water user it. Engineer- DRA charge • Women are facing consultant Pvt. many problems in Ltd. fetching water for hours. • Timely road restoration in the market area during business hours • Possibility of exempting the poor and vulnerable from user charge payment. • 25 En-route Total Resident of Khoa • Explain about the • Resident of Khoa village Aug. of Intake =08 Village, Water Supply scheme told we will support the 2018 to WTP, M=08, Resettlement of Sanchi town. scheme. Khoa F=00 Coordinator, • Informed about Raw • Participants of Khoa Village Engineer- DRA water rising main village asked about any consultant Pvt. passes through the benefits from the Ltd. Khoa village from scheme to village or Halali Dam to Sanchi not? town. • People of Khoa village told we have no objection for this pipe laying. 16 at ULB Total = CMO, Chairman • Briefing on project • Present water supply Sept. office, 13 ULB, Elected objectives probable quantity is not 2016 Sanchi M=09, Representatives, implementation sufficient in town. F=04 Sub Engineer, procedures • Some ward don’t get ASI • Present drinking the municipal water Representatives, water supply source supply Store In charge, and its condition • Water quality in Sanchi Timekeeper, • Need of improvement is also not. Local People. of the present • The prime concern and situation apprehension of the • Potential positive and ULB regarding the negative impacts due project whether it will be to project a financial burden on implementation the Nagar Parishad. • Land use and area to • Operation and be covered under the maintenance of the Subproject design facilities developed and pipelaying, under the project and location of subproject community participation, component like so, it is good effort by Source, Intake, BPT, government to WTP, OHT and GSR participate in the proposed project 16 Ward Male-18 Local residents • Existing water supply • The community Sept. No.11 status complained about the 2016 • Component of poor water supply in proposed water the town. 100

No. of Locatio Particip Issues/ concerned Date n ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised supply component • People promise to • Social impact of support the upcoming project during water supply project as construction work it will be beneficial to • Social and community the community in all impact during aspects. operation work • Some people also • Impact on health by show their grievance proposed project about the delay of the • Willing to take new project. Water connection • People are ready to take new water connection in place of old one • People were agreeing to pay proposed water tariff. • There will not be any water supply interruption during laying new pipeline. Some shopkeepers raise the issue about their business disturbance due to road excavation • All people requested to select good contractor to speed up the construction process. • Consultation with people of En route village was also carried out. People mainly concern about the problems during excavation of road during laying of feeder mains. But contractor will take proper measure to avoid any inconvenience for proper travelling 16 Ward Total - Community • Existing water supply • The area has Sept. No. 3 10 members mainly status insufficient and 2016 (Female SC and ST • Proposed subproject inadequate drinking - 5 Male Community (Low components water supply. Water -8) income group; the • Impact of subproject from two tube wells is men work as daily on community presently supplied to laborers and the particularly ST the area/community. women are population The area faces severe housewives) • Impact during water crisis during the

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No. of Locatio Particip Issues/ concerned Date n ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised construction work summer season when • Impact on health by the ground water level proposed subproject drops. • Willingness to take • The community new water connection welcomed the project and expressed need for it. However, they were apprehensive that their economic condition would prevent them from paying water user charges. • They expressed that they were happy that the entire community would be benefited from the regular water supply. • Slum dwellers showed willingness to take water connections but demanded relaxation in user charges. • People were briefed about the complaint redress mechanism.

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Table 13: Summary of Stakeholder Consultations of Pachore town No. of Particip Issues/ concerned Date Location ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised 17 Ward No. Total - Local Residents • Existing water supply • None of the participants May 4 18 of ward number status knew about the 2019 (Female 4 • Proposed subproject proposed project. On - 18 components learning about the Male -0) • Briefing on project project, they expressed objectives probable that they are happy that implementation the entire community procedures would be benefited from • Potential positive and the upgraded water negative impacts due supply. to project • Women had heard implementation about the proposed • Experiences sharing project and welcomed it on - livelihood as women are facing activities, Resettlement many problems in and Rehabilitation, fetching water for hours. women empowerment, • Water charges will be tribal development, paid by the consumer health, education, and water meter will be convergence with installed. existing government • All participants showed social security willingness to take water schemes etc. connections but Drinking water user demanded relaxation in charge user charges. • People were briefed about the complaint redress mechanism.

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No. of Particip Issues/ concerned Date Location ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised 17th Ward No. Total - Local Residents • Existing water • Women had heard May 2 at Boi 05 of ward number supply status about the proposed 2019 Mohalla (Female 2 of Boi Mohalla • Proposed subproject project and welcomed it - 05 components as women are facing Male - • Briefing on project many problems in 01) objectives probable fetching water for hours. implementation • Some participants did procedures not have water • Potential positive connections. The and negative women were happy to impacts due to learn about the project proposed project. implementation • Possibility of exempting • Present water the poor and vulnerable supply situation: from user charge only half an hours of payment. supply alternate day • Slum area must be • Drinking water user given relaxation for charge connection and water use • Timely road restoration 01st at ULB Total= CMO, Chairman The Water Supply • Problem regarding the Sep office, 20, M= ULB, Elected Project Background, water supply is very 2018 Pachore 18, F= Representatives, Environmental, Social, lesser quantity of water 02 Social Gender GRM, traffic safety supply, low pressure officer (PMU), issue and benefit from and absence of Environmental the project were distribution network in Engineer (PMC- explained to the many areas of town. PIU), Stakeholders. • Chairman also wants to Resettlement • Existing scenario of new OHT with capacity Coordinator water supply & of 500 KL with existing (PMC- PIU), proposed water supply 450 KL OHT in Mela ULB Staffs, project. Ground for fulfill the • Present drinking water water demand of the supply source and its town. condition. • Chairman writes a letter • Need of improvement to Deputy Project of the present Director, MPUDC situation. Bhopal regarding both • New OHT at Mela suggestions mentioned Ground for fulfill the in above. water demand of the town. 01st Ward No. Total= SC-ST • Status of existing • Majority were very Sep 03, (SC- 15, M= community drinking water supply excited about the 2018 ST 0, F= 15 People, ULB system of. scheme as either they Communi Staff, Social • Need for are fetching water from ty) Gender officer improvements to far, or the quality is not (PMU), present system. good, children also Environmental • The Water Supply suffer as they also are Engineer (PMC- Scheme, SHG (Self required to help. 104

No. of Particip Issues/ concerned Date Location ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised PIU), Help Group) • But at the same time, Resettlement Environmental, Social, they wanted the rates Coordinator GRM, traffic safety not to be exuberantly (PMC- PIU), issue and benefit from high. the project were • They aspired that the explained to the scheme should bring Stakeholders. them water ASAP. • Briefing on project • In one ward residents objectives probable told that quality of tube implementation well water is not good. procedures. • Whereas in some other ward females told that they and their children don’t like taste of river water as they are used to drink tube well water. So, they were also explained about the advantages of this water over the tube well water. 19th at Total = CMO, • Stakeholders meeting • The area has Sep Pachore 13 Chairman were conducted for insufficient and 2016 M=09, ULB, Elected proposed water supply inadequate drinking F=04 Representativ scheme in town. water resource. Water es, Sub • Water Supply Project supply to the area is Engineer, ULB done through tube wells Background, Staffs, Environmental, Social, and untreated water Engineer- GRM, traffic safety supply from Narmada DPR issue and benefit from River to the community Consultant the project were people. explained to the • In consultation with Stakeholders. local staff, it was • Existing scenario of revealed that intake water supply & cum jack well for water proposed water supply supply in Pachore town project. already exists. • Need for • With consultation with improvements to all, location of present system. components of • Land use and area to proposed water Supply be covered under the scheme has been project. finalized with • Finalization and identification of identification of government land. government land for • Problem regarding the components of water water supply is very supply scheme. lesser quantity of water • Relevant information supply, low pressure of the upcoming and absence of project and benefits of distribution network in the project. many areas of town.

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No. of Particip Issues/ concerned Date Location ants Participants Topic Discussed Raised • Water pressure at consumer end is very less in Pachore town. • Probability of keeping the poor and the vulnerable out of the user charge. • People informed about very less water supply in town in comparison to standard. • Condition of all the existing component of the water supply has been reviewed for their further uses in proposed water supply scheme. • People requested for selection of good contractor to speed up the construction work. 106

VII. PROJECT SPECIFIC GRIEVANCE READRESS MECHANISM

A. Introduction

158. Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is a part of project management that is likely to increase accountability and responsiveness among service providers and provide a friendly environment to the beneficiaries of the project. GRM is considered a tool to measure efficiency and effectiveness of the project as it provides important feedback on the project management. Effectively addressing public grievances is a core component of managing risks under Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects according to the Safeguard Policy Statement (Safeguard Requirement 2: Involuntary Resettlement, Pages 49-50, June 2009) – “The borrower/client will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate the resolution of affected persons’ concerns and grievances about physical and economic displacement and other project impacts, paying particular attention to the impacts on vulnerable groups. The grievance redress mechanism should be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project. It should address affected persons’ concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to the affected persons at no costs and without retribution. The mechanism should not impede access to the country’s judicial or administrative remedies. The borrower/client will inform affected persons about the mechanism”. The statement allows the formation of grievance redress committee in the project areas to facilitate the concerns of affected people under the project areas.

B. Purpose of GRM Manual

159. This document describes the procedure that shall be followed by the Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company Limited (MPUDCL) under Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement project (MPUSIP) to address complaints or concerns shared by people affected due to project related interventions.

160. The present document intends to provide clarity to project stakeholders on the grievance redress mechanism procedures to be followed under the project. The document provides clarity on how the complaint shall be received, registered, sorted, assessed, resolved and monitored under MPUSIP. This also includes action plans to be followed for effective implementation.

(i) Principles. The GRM is based on the following principles and the same shall be used to assess the GRM performance: (ii) Accessibility. The GRM shall be accessible to all people residing in the project area. It shall be available and provide assistance to all project affected people irrespective of language, literacy level, or cost. Project affected people shall access the GRM without fear of reprisal. Information on the GRM will be disseminated using various means to ensure people know about GRC, its members and procedures. (iii) Predictability. The GRM shall offer clear procedures with time frames for each stage and clarity on the type of results it can and cannot deliver. (iv) Transparency. The GRM shall operate in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are being performed. This will be undertaken through disclosure of all information to the public and affected people. (v) Credibility. The performance of the GRM shall enable affected people to accept and believe that the mechanism works, delivers results and is trustworthy. (vi) Fairness. The GRM procedures shall be perceived as fair, especially in terms of access to information, and opportunities for meaningful participation in the final

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decision. Its outcome should be consistent with applicable national standards and should not restrict access to other redress mechanisms. (vii) Feedback. The GRM shall serve as a means to channel citizen feedback to improve project outcomes for the people. It is difficult to avoid Grievances totally, but much can be done to minimize and manage complaints in order to reduce impacts.

C. Nature and Scope of Grievance Redress Mechanism under MPUSIP

161. GRM aims to address complaints of local affected people because of project interventions in the selected towns (64 towns) of MPUSIP during the project period.

162. MPUSIP predicts public complaints because of the nature of the project during the design, implementation and operation & maintenance stage of the project. In the design phase, people are expected to raise inconveniences with regards to land acquisition, compensation amount, compensation procedure and environmental issues. During project implementation, grievances may come from individuals or a particular group of people in relation to construction related inconveniences such as dust, noise, blocking drainage, damage roads, walls/boundaries of property and its impact on their daily lives in addition to land acquisition, and compensation. Issues related to corruption shall not be considered by the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). Corruption related issues shall be forwarded to the State GRC (PMU) directly by the Chairperson of town level GRC at the time of sorting of grievances. The structure, functions of GRC, monitoring & evaluation systems and action plan of its implementation is described below:

D. Structure of GRM and its functions

163. The GRM will have a three- tier decision making process. The first tier which is at the town level aims to resolve all construction related grievances which require quick and efficient action. The second tier which is at the project implementation unit (PIU) will handle complaints that could not be resolved by the first- tier level and/or grievances related to land acquisition and compensation. The third tier which is at the project management unit (PMU) or state level will handle complaints which are over and above the scope for the first and second tier and/or complaints which could not be resolved by the first and second tier levels.

164. Contact numbers of GRC Chairperson and members, CDO and contractor’s focal person will be placed at appropriate locations like construction sites, ULB office etc.

165. The three-tier Grievance Redress Mechanism under MPUSIP is described below:

(i) 1st tier (at Town Level):

(a) Composition of the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC): • A representative of Chief Municipal Officer associated with Urban Local Body, Chairperson. • CDO of ULB designated/nominated by ULB. • Field Engineer of Project Management Consultants. • Focal person (GRC Person) of DBO contractor of respective town. • Field Engineer of concerned ULB designated by the respective PIU, Secretary. (b) Major Functions: The major functions of town level GRC is as follows: 108

• Registration of Grievances by the Local person (GRC Person) of DBO contractor of respective town Sorting of Grievances by Focal person (GRC Person) of DBO contractor of respective town and Chairperson. • Forwarding grievances to concerned authorities i.e. Site Engineer for resolution. • Information to the complainant on the decision taken to address registered complaint and expected time to resolve issue. • Resolution of issues emerged due to construction. • Feedback to the complainant on action completed against registered complaint and seeking complainant feedback on level of satisfaction. • Closure of grievances by CDO-ULB or forwarding of complaint to PIU GRC if grievance remains unresolved.

(ii) 2nd Tier (at PIU Level):

(a) Composition of the PIU level GRC: • Project Manager, associated with Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of Madhya Pradesh • Urban Development Company Limited - Chairperson • An elected member nominated by Mayor in Council/ President in Council of associated • Urban Local Body (ULB). • A Social Worker nominated by Mayor in Council/ President in Council of associated Urban • Local Body • Commissioner of associated Urban Local Body/Chief Municipal Officer or Community • Development Officer/Community Organizer of Urban Local Body. • Community Development Officer CDO-PIU - Secretary

(b) Major Functions: The following functions will be performed by the PIU level GRC: • Registration of complaints by CDO-PIU from the 1st tier GRC and/or affected people. • Eligibility assessment of grievances by the GRC Chairperson. • Information to the complainant about eligibility of the complaint. • Grievance Redress Committee meetings to discuss grievances and action required. • Ensuring collection of detailed information about the eligible complaint. • Assessment of complaint draw conclusion from discussions and make recommendations. • Develop action plan outlining activities required to implement the recommendations. • Ensuring implementation of recommendations by stakeholders or concerned authorities. • Monitoring actions of the recommendations in view of timeline.

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• Feedback to the complainant on action completed against registered complaint and seeking complainant feedback on level of satisfaction. • Closure of grievances by CDO-PIU or forwarding of complaint to PMU GRC if grievance remains unresolved.

(iii) 3rd Tier (at PMU-State Level)

(a) Composition of State Level GRC: • Engineer in Chief, MPUDC – Chairperson • Deputy Project Director (T) • Deputy Project Director (A) (Secretary) • Project Officer • Community Development Officer CDO-PMU • PMC TL or representative Advisor

(b) Major Functions: The state level GRC will be responsible to perform the following functions: • Registration of complaints received from GRC PIU and/or affected people. • Information to the complainant about eligibility of the complaint. • Eligibility assessment of grievances by the GRC PMU chairperson with support of the • Secretary of state GRC- – whether grievance is eligible for consideration or not at the state level. • Ensuring collection of required information about the eligible complaint. • Assessment of complaint to draw conclusion from discussions and make recommendations. • Develop action plan outlining activities required to implement the recommendations. • Ensuring implementation of recommendations by stakeholders or concerned authorities. • Monitoring actions of the recommendations in view of timeline. • Closing complaint after all actions taken as per recommendations and feedback to the complainant. • Advise to complainants about approach /appeal to the concerned department in case the complainant is not satisfied, or complaint is beyond the scope of the GRC PMU.

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Figure 38: Work Flow Diagram on GRM Step 8:Appeal to Step 1: Receiving Grievances the State Level GRC / Complaints and its

Step 2: Review of Grievances,

Sorting, Information d Closure Closure : Step 7 of the Complaint the of Grievance

Redress and Eligibility :

Preparation for GRC for GRC Preparation Step 3 Monitoring and and Monitoring : Reporting (Monthly) Reporting Step 6

Step 5: Step 4: Assessment Implementation of of the Grievance, Action Meeting and Plan of

E. Process of Grievance Redress Mechanism

166. The following process shall be adopted for receiving complaints and addressing received complaints:

(i) Step 1: Receiving Grievances/Complaints and its Registration at town Level • All grievances, complaints, concerns shall be submitted verbally or in writing to CDO contractor’s focal person or any GRC members – by filling the Complaint Registration Slip and putting into the complaint box placed at construction sites or ULB office. • Received complaints shall be recorded, compiled and Registered (Grievance Number) in a register (database) placed at the ULB by CDO with support of the contractor’s focal person on a daily basis (24 hours). Each grievance shall be given a number to track status.

(ii) Step 2: Review of Grievances, Sorting, Information and Forwarding (24 hours) • Registered grievances shall be reviewed by the CDO with support of the contractor’s focal person.

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• Based on type of grievances, CDO shall sort out grievances with support of the contractor’s focal person. • CDO (ULB) shall inform the GRC Chairperson about all grievances either by phone or in writing. At that time, CDO may suggest grievances can be managed by the site engineer to the GRC Chairperson. • GRC Chairperson will determine eligibility of the complaints. Inconveniences caused by minor construction related issues shall be referred to the site engineer to resolve immediately or within 24 hours. For example -site engineer shall be instructed to resolve grievances associated with construction at the town such as restoration of road, obstruction in accessing house/shop or any place due to dumping of construction materials, dust etc. Site engineer will be responsible to respond to the complaints immediately. On the other hand, issues which cannot be resolved by the site engineer and if it is complex in nature shall be referred to GRC. • CDO shall receive acknowledgement from concerned authorities (site engineer) on receipt of the grievances shared with them. CDO shall inform complainants regarding eligibility of their complaint and action to be taken by the concerned authority (site engineer/ GRC) within (24 hours). If the grievance is ineligible, complainants should be informed of the reasons.

(iii) Step 3: Eligibility and Preparation for GRC meeting (3 days) • GRC Chairperson shall receive eligible complaints (copy of written complaint document or verbally recorded messages) from the CDO (ULB) and review details; GRC Chairperson may ask to collect baseline information about the grievances registered, if required. • GRC Chairperson shall share list of documents with the GRC Secretary to collect baseline information on selected grievances to be addressed. • The GRC Secretary shall arrange all documents with the help of CDO- ULB, CDO-PIU or the contractor’s focal person in a proper way to present in front of GRC. • GRC Chairperson shall call a meeting as per convenient date and time of the committee members.

(iv) Step 4: Assessment of the Grievance, Meeting and Plan of Action (7 days) • If necessary, the GRC shall consult and seek relevant information about complaint from the concerned parties. • On basis of the collected evidences, GRC shall draw conclusions and make recommendations for a solution. • GRC Secretary shall keep record of the proceedings and decisions taken by GRC members to further track the status as per decided timeline. • The GRC shall agree on the action plan required to be implemented according to the recommendations made. The action plan shall include detailed activities along with timeline. • GRC Secretary shall inform to the complainant about the decisions taken by the committee members and expected date of resolution of the grievance. 112

• If the complaint is complex, the GRC may request for additional time and resolution after proper assessment or refer the complaint to the GRC- PMU Level.

(v) Step 5: Implementation of Action (30 days) • The concerned parties shall be responsible to implement action plan according to recommendations of the GRC. • The GRC members may arrange field trip and interact with the concerned persons, if needed before reaching the conclusion.

(vi) Step 6: Monitoring and Reporting (Monthly) • CDO (ULB) shall be responsible to track and record status of all complaints -whether forwarded to site engineer or GRC in the database as follows – Grievance registered Grievance in process to be resolved, Grievance addressed and closed, and Grievance forwarded to concerned authorities. • CDO (ULB) shall be responsible to report/inform status of the complaints (received, addressed and forwarded) to the contractor for further reporting to respective PIU. • Overall GRC chairperson shall be responsible for effective management of complaints at the town level.

(vii) Step 7: Closure of the Complaint • GRC Secretary shall prepare a summary of the findings and share with GRC members. • On agreement of all GRC members, GRC Secretary shall provide information to the complainant about decisions taken in writing/verbal on the registered complaint and seek feedback of the complainant about the decisions taken. A copy of the letter shall be kept as record with GRC Secretary and CDO (ULB). • Complaint shall be considered closed if all actions have been taken and the complainant satisfied with the resolution. • GRC Secretary shall prepare a closure report of the grievances handled by GRC members and the closure shall be documented by the CDO (ULB) in his register.

(viii) Step 8: Appeal to the State level GRC • In the event that GRC PIU cannot make a decision on how to resolve the complaint, or if a complainant is not satisfied with the actions taken to resolve the complaint by the GRC (PIU), an appeal can be made to state level GRC (PMU) either by the GRC Chairperson (PIU) or complainant directly. • GRC Chairperson (PIU) or complainant shall submit an appeal in writing to the state level GRC established at PMU. • The state GRC Secretary shall register the case in consultation with Chairperson and provide a number of the grievances to be tracked. • The state GRC Secretary shall acknowledge the registration of the grievance to the complainant in writing.

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• The Secretary of the GRC shall review the registered grievances and collect required evidences from relevant parties to present case to the GRC. • The state GRC Chairperson shall call a GRC meeting to review the complaint. GRC members shall get information about the meeting in advance to ensure their availability in the meeting. • The state GRC shall draw conclusions and recommendations based on the evidence in the meeting. At the same time an action plan shall be developed for implementation with a timeline. • The state GRC Secretary shall communicate decisions of the State GRC to the complainant in writing. The copy of the communication shall be kept with the state GRC Secretary as record. • The recommendations shall be implemented immediately • Upon completion of the recommended actions, the state GRC Secretary shall prepare a report on the closure of the complaint which will be signed by the complainant and state GRC Chairperson. A copy of the same shall be kept for record.

167. The structure and process of GRM is presented below for detailed understanding.

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Figure 39: Structure and Process of GRC

F. Monitoring and Evaluation System of GRM

168. All grievances, concerns and complaints received shall be recorded by concerned authorities to be tracked. The status of the grievances shall be discussed in the review meetings organized at PIU and PMU level. The following indicators shall be monitored and recorded.

(i) Number and type of complaints received. (ii) Number and % of complaints that have been resolved. (iii) Number and % of complaints that are unresolved.

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169. The State GRC shall review grievance related data on monthly basis to evaluate the functionality of the system, as well as to note the followings:

(i) Failures to follow GRM procedures. (ii) Delays in complaint resolution, particularly those that can affect project construction. (iii) Most frequent types of grievances and complaints. (iv) Location(s) producing the most grievances and complaints.

170. In the event that the established GRM is not in a position to resolve the issue, the affected person also can use the ADB Accountability Mechanism through directly contacting (in writing) the Complaint Receiving Officer (CRO) at ADB headquarters or the ADB India Resident Mission (INRM). The complaint can be submitted in any of the official languages of ADB’s DMCs. The ADB Accountability Mechanism information will be included in the PID to be distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM

G. Process of Grievance Redress Mechanism

Table 15: Process of Grievance Redress Mechanism S. No Action Plan Timeline A Action required at PMU/PMC A1 Letter for formation of GRC and follow up Preconstruction A2 Development of GRM Manual Preconstruction A3 Orientation of GRC members by integrating with Construction training/workshops/meetings

A4 Integration of GRC topic in BCC – like availability of GRC Construction and its procedure A5 Review of functioning of GRC by integrating with meetings Construction and visits B Action at Town level B1 Formation of GRC at town level and inform to the PMU/PMC Preconstruction B2 Information to All ULB Officials/Public about existence of Construction GRC, its committee members and their function B3 Orientation of all GRC members during visit of PMU and Construction PMC officials B4 Tracking of complaint registered and its status Construction B5 Sharing status of grievances with PIUs with the help of GRC Construction person B6 Training of selected women to maintain grievances at Construction customer service center (Educated Prerak (Motivator) may be considered) B7 Complaint management Operation and maintenance phase

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VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environmental Management Plan

171. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels.

172. The EMP will guide the environmentally - sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between MPUDC, project management unit (PMU), project implementing unit (PIU), consultants and contractors. The EMP will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner; (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with. The EMP includes a monitoring program to measure the environmental condition and effectiveness of implementation of the mitigation measures. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries.

173. The contractor will be required to submit to PIU, for review and approval, a site environmental plan (SEP) including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program as per SEP; (iv) site specific H&S plan with measures to manage COVID-19 impacts in accordance with national and local requirements and international guidelines of WHO, IFC, etc.

174. and (iv) budget for SEP implementation. No works are allowed to commence prior to approval of SEP.

175. A copy of the EMP/approved SEP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP included in the bid and contract documents. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance.

176. For civil works, the contractor will be required to (i) carry out all of the mitigation and monitoring measures set forth in the approved SEP; and (ii) implement any corrective or preventative actions set out in safeguards monitoring reports that the employer will prepare from time to time to monitor implementation of this IEE and SEP. The contractor shall allocate budget for compliance with these SEP measures, requirements and actions.

177. Design stage Environmental management plan is summarized in following table:

Table 16:DesignStageEnvironmentalManagementPlan Cost and Anticipated Responsible Source of Area Impact Mitigation Measures Agency Funds Designing Impact due • Minimize unaccounted for water (UFW) losses PMU Project Phase to site using district metered area approach with flow Costs selection for meter and pressure logging arrangements to proposed identify and rectify the leaks, and structure unauthorized connections

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Cost and Anticipated Responsible Source of Area Impact Mitigation Measures Agency Funds • Reducing the incidence of water borne diseases by providing safe water • Recovering of backwash water from WTP • Water loss minimization • Designing the entire system to maintain optimal flow and terminal pressure, and optimizing the overall energy usage • Improve water use efficiency and reduce water wastage at household level by recording and monitoring the water usage, and charging the consumers as per usage, due consideration to urban poor • Using low-noise and energy efficient pumping systems

• Water Project (i) Obtain permission from Water resources PMU &ULB Project abstraction sustainability department, GoMP, prior to bid process Costs from Halali & water use o Sanchi- permission / water allocation for Dam for conflicts water abstraction from Halali Dam and Sanchi Setup of Water Intake Arrangement and Newaj (Floating Pontoon) River for o Pachore- permission / water allocation for Pachore water abstraction from Newaj River Chlorine Chlorine Provide the following measure at the chlorine PMU Project usage as handling & application unit: Costs disinfecta application (i) Chlorine neutralization pit with a lime slurry nt at WTP risk – health feeder for & safety risk (ii) Proper ventilation, lighting, entry and exit surface to workers facilities water and and general (iii) Facility for isolation in the event of major sump well public chlorine leakage for ground (iv) Continuous monitoring and detection of leaks water (v) Personal protection and safety equipment for the operators in the chlorine plant (vi) Provide training to the staff in safe handling and application of chlorine; this shall be included in the contract of Chlorinator supplier (vii) Supplier of Chlorinator equipment shall provide standard operating manual for safe operation and as well as maintenance and repairs; preferably these shall be provided both in English and Hindi Languages (viii) Develop procedures for handling of emergencies and provide training to the employees. Sociocultu Damage to (i) No detonation or explosives would be used PIU and Project ral Heritage within 1 Km of the protected area boundary. Nagar Costs (ii) No excavation would be carried out using resource Properties Parishads mechanical cutters within the protected area boundary movement of heavy vehicle and equipment would be prohibited. In the protected area; 118

Cost and Anticipated Responsible Source of Area Impact Mitigation Measures Agency Funds (iii) The possibility of have an over ground pipeline on pedestals designed in sync with the aesthetics of the Sanchi Stupa complex would be developed and no underground pipeline would be developed in the protected area. (iv) No work would be initiated in the protected area either of laying of the Clear water main, distribution line network or repair of the 100 KL existing GLSR without the permission of the National Monument Authority/Archeological Survey of India. (v) All work in the Sanchi Stupa Complex would be carried out under the direct supervision of ASI. The PMU would request the ASI for the supervision. (vi) The Construction Contractor to develop separate Management Plan for Construction in Heritage Areas / Heritage Area Construction Management Plan for construction within the Protected area keeping into consideration any conditions proposed by ASI, ensure that there is no direct or indirect damage to the monument. It should provide plans and protocols which need to be followed during the construction, identify risk to the archeological properties if any during construction and also develop Do’s and Do not’s. Have all works carried out under the supervision of a person having training in archaeological conservation. The contractor should employee a person with a formal certification course in archaeology especially construction works from recognized institute (such as Institute of Archaeology, ASI, Delhi). (vii) All excavation required for the construction of the pedestal be carried out manually without any mechanical aid. (viii) Before construction carry out half day training for workers to be involved in the construction activities within the protected area on Do’s and Do not’s. This should be followed up with Toolbox talks carried out by the supervisor every day before the start of the activity. The toolbox talk should brief the workers about the general hazards (relating to the archeological activity as well as the tourists) and precautions to be taken. In case there are specific risks which are identified the mitigation plan approved by ASI shall be intimated to the workers. The entire process should be documented by the Contractor and submitted as a compliance report Of the Management Plan for Construction in Heritage Areas/Heritage Area Construction Management Plan to the PMU. The PMU would submit these compliance reports to ADB as part of the Semi-annual Compliance Report

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Cost and Anticipated Responsible Source of Area Impact Mitigation Measures Agency Funds Chance Find • Construction Contractors to follow these Contractor in Part of measures in conducting any excavation work coordination project • Create awareness among the workers, with PIU and costs supervisors and engineers about the chance ULB finds during excavation work • Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected. • Inform State Archaeological Department if a find is suspected and taking any action they require to ensure its removal or protection in situ. Location Disturbance/ • Obtain permission from forest department. No PMU and Part of of damage to works shall commence before the approval is DBO project componen forests obtained from the forest Department. Contractor costs ts in forest • No trees shall be cut without the permission of the Forest Department. • Shrubs and bushes in the forest area; trees on the periphery of BPT sites shall be integrated into layout design and shall not be cut • No construction material, construction debris shall be dumped on forest land. Temporary storage of construction material, equipment of forest land shall not be allowed.All workers shall be trained and made aware of working conditions in forest area; strict protocols shall be put in place so that no workers or staff ventures into the forest land, and/or damage / disturb any tree /plant/wild animals; hunting and collection of fire wood strictly prohibited and DBO contractor shall be responsible for any such acts, and should put in place such as a system so that such acts do not occur • Create awareness among workers and staff about the forest animals, and how to deal with the situation when any animal ventures near the work sites, safety measures to avoid damage/disturbance to wild animal as well as to staff and workers • No labour camps shall be provided in BPT sites or anywhere nears the forests; labour camps shall be at least 2 km away from the boundary of forest land. • Prior to start of any work including land clearance, demarcate the site along with forest department and provide a compound wall (3 m high) to the BPT sites on all sides; controlled access (entry/exit with gates) should be provided from roadside only • Provide green dust screen around the sites of 6 m height • No high noise generating works shall be conducted. • No earthwork shall be conducted during rains; no works of pumping main shall be conducted during rains. • Works shall be conducted only during day light hours. No nighttime activity shall be carried out in forest area. All activity shall be limited between dawn and dusk. 120

Cost and Anticipated Responsible Source of Area Impact Mitigation Measures Agency Funds • All the cut and open surfaces shall be properly consolidated and protected with surface pitching /grass turfing etc., as appropriate to avoid any surface erosion in the hill slopes • Pumping main works shall be conducted section-wise, pipe placed, refilled, consolidated and completed on the same day; no trenches shall be kept open in the night. Procurem Procurement • No transformer shall be procured under ent of of MPUSIP which contains biphenyl Material Hazardous • The Bid Document should clearly state this material condition. (Biphenyl)

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Table 17: Environmental Management Plan of Anticipated Impacts during Pre-Construction

Responsible Monitoring of Mitigation Area Impact to be Anticipated Mitigation Required for Mitigation EMP Unsatisfactory compliance to • Appoint EHS supervisor and DBO contractor Cost for implementation of Implementation & EMP designate 1 EHS coordinator mitigation measures reporting (among the technical staff) in responsibility of each town contractor. • Ensure that all preconstruction activities are complete prior to start of construction work • Ensure timely submission of monitoring reports Statutory Non-compliance with National • Consent to Establish under MPUDC with (i) Consent to Establish Requirements Laws Water (Prevention and assistance from PMC (Water Treatment Plant) Control of Pollution) Act • Consent to Establish under Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act Utilities Telephone lines, electric poles • Identify and include locations PMC (i) List of affected utilities and wires, water lines within and Operators of these and Operators. proposed project area utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of (ii)Bid document to include services during construction requirement for a phase; and contingency plan for • Require construction service interruptions contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services. Measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved. Construction works Removal of trees and vegetation, • No trees shall be cut without DBOC to follow Project costs – general in forests and and erosion the permission of the Forest PIU/ PMU to ensure construction practice removal of trees Department. Workers and Compliance and vegetation at supervisions shall be trained 122

Responsible Monitoring of Mitigation Area Impact to be Anticipated Mitigation Required for Mitigation Work sites to ensure that the bushes and trees if along the alignment can be avoided so that they are not damaged. • All workers shall be trained and made aware of working conditions in forest area; strict protocols shall be put in place so that no workers or staff ventures into the forest land, and/or damage / disturb any tree /plant/wild animals; hunting and collection of fire wood strictly prohibited and DBO contractor shall be responsible for any such acts, and should put in place such as a system so that such acts do not occur • Each worker working the Forest Area shall undergo an Induction training mentioning the Do’s and Do Nots’ in Forest Area. • Create awareness among workers and staff about the forest animals, and how to deal with the situation when any animal ventures near the work sites, safety measures to avoid damage/disturbance to wild animal as well as to staff and workers • Workers should be made aware of the boundaries of the Construction area so that they do not encroach in the Forest Area.

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Responsible Monitoring of Mitigation Area Impact to be Anticipated Mitigation Required for Mitigation • Workers should be strictly instructed to ensure that t no trenches shall be kept open in the night Construction Di sruption to traffic flow and • The Guidelines of MPUDC and PMC to List of selected sites work Sensitive receptors Construction Camps determine locations for Camps, stockpile mentions guidelines for siting prior toward of Construction work camps, areas, storage of Construction Camp. This construction contracts. hot mix plants, stockpile areas, and disposal should be strictly maintained. areas, storage areas, and areas. disposal areas. Sources of Extraction of materials can • To prevent the adverse effect MPUDC and PMC to (i) List of approved Materials disrupt from the sourcing of quarry Prepare list of approved quarry sites and Natural land contours and material required i.e. sand quarry sites and sources of vegetation resulting in and stone aggregate, the sources of materials materials. accelerated erosion, disturbance following measures will be in natural drainage patterns, adopted in MPUSIP: (ii) Bid document to ponding and water logging, and • The material will be procured include water pollution. from existing quarries which requirement or have valid Environmental verification of Clearance by the State suitability of Environmental Appraisal sources and permit Committee/ State for additional Environmental Appraisal quarry sites if Authority. necessary. • Further as a contractual obligation the Contractor is required to submit the Environmental Clearance certificate and the latest copy of the semi-annual Compliance Report submitted by the Quarry to MPPCB to the PIU before the procurement of the material. Contractor to submit to PIU on a monthly basis documentation on material obtained from each source 124

Responsible Monitoring of Mitigation Area Impact to be Anticipated Mitigation Required for Mitigation (quarry/ borrow pit). • However, if the Contractor opens a new quarry he has to obtain the environmental clearance and submit the same to the PIU before extracting any material from the quarry/sand mine. • Submit to MPUDC on a monthly basis report of the quantity of material procured/extracted from each quarry Consents, permits, Failure to obtain necessary • Obtain all necessary PMU/PIU to obtain Part of project costs clearances, NOCs, consents, permits, NOCs, etc. consents, permits, clearance, project clearances; etc. can result to design revisions NOCs, etc. required for the DBOC to provide and/or stoppage of works project prior to award of necessary assistance contact or start of civil works, as necessary. DBO Contractor to • Include in detailed designs, obtain construction drawings and documents all permits & regulatory conditions and PIU to ensure provisions, where required • Contractor to identify & obtain all necessary approvals, including in compliance with labour laws, before start of construction. • Contractor to acknowledge in writing to PIU and provide copies of all obtained permits, clearance, NOCs, etc. Asbestos Cement Health risk due to exposure to • Contractor should prepare a DBOC in coordination Part of project costs Pipes asbestos materials detailed survey with the with PIU and ULB assistance of PHED and /NP on the presence of existing AC pipes in the distribution

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Responsible Monitoring of Mitigation Area Impact to be Anticipated Mitigation Required for Mitigation network or on areas which involve pipe laying activities. In the final IEE, a map showing the exact location of the AC pipes should be provided. • Locate the new pipes carefully to avoid encountering AC pipes • All AC pipes will be left in situ and untouched. New pipes will be placed next to AC pipes. • In the event, that the asbestos fibers from AC pipes were accidentallydisturbed/expose d, the contractor should also prepare SOP for handling the AC pipes. • Safe disposal and precaution will be taken as per the USEPA https://www.epa.gov/asbest os/safe-work-practices.

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Table 18: Environmental Management Plan of Anticipated Impacts during Construction

Area Impact to be Anticipated Mitigation Required Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation EMP Irreversible impact to the (i) Project manager and all DBOC Cost of EMP Implementation Implementation environment, workers, and key workers will be PMC Construction Orientation Training to Training community required to undergo and Environmental contractor is responsibility of training on EMP Specialists to conduct PMU. implementation including the training Other costs responsibility of spoils/waste contractor. management, Standard operating procedures (SOP) for construction works; occupational health and safety (OH&S), core labor laws, applicable environmental laws, etc. Air Quality Emissions from (i) Damp down exposed soil DBO Contractor (i) Location of stockpiles. construction vehicles, and any stockpiled-onsite (ii) Complaints from equipment, and machinery by spraying with water sensitive receptors. used for excavation and when necessary during construction resulting to dry weather. (iii) Heavy equipment and dusts and increase in (ii) Use tarpaulins to cover machinery with air concentration of vehicle- sand and other loose pollution control related pollutants such as material when transported devices. carbon monoxide, sulfur By trucks; and (iv) Ambient air for oxides, particulate matter, (iii) Fit heavy equipment and respirable particulate nitrous oxides, and machinery with air hydrocarbons) pollution control devices matter (RPM) and which are operating suspended particulate correctly. matter (SPM). (iv) Clean wheels and (v) Vehicular emissions undercarriage of haul such as Sulphur trucks prior to leaving dioxide (SO2), nitrous construction site oxides (NOx), carbon (v) Prevent entry of traffic, monoxide (CO), and public in construction area hydrocarbons (vi) Ensure that a;; the vehicles in the project

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Area Impact to be Anticipated Mitigation Required Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation meet the emission norms and shall have valid pollution under control (PUC) certificate (vii) Conduct air quality monitoring as per the monitoring plan Surface water Mobilization of settled silt (i) Avoid stockpiling of earth DBO Contractor (i) Areas for stockpiles, quality materials, run-off from fill especially during the storage of fuels and stockpiled materials, and monsoon season unless lubricants and waste chemical contamination covered by tarpaulins or materials. from fuels and lubricants plastic sheets. (ii) Number of silt traps during construction works (ii) Prioritize-use of excess installed along can contaminate nearby spoils and materials in the drainages leading to surface water quality. construction works. If water bodies. spoils will be disposed, consult with MPUDC/PMC (iii) Records of surface on designated disposal water quality areas. inspection. (iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins (iv) Effectiveness of water along the drainage leading management to the water bodies. measures. (iv) Place storage areas for For inland water: fuels and lubricants away suspended solids, oil from any drainage leading and grease, biological to water bodies. oxygen demand (v) Dispose any wastes (BOD), and coliforms. generated by construction activities in designated sites. (vi) Install Bio-Toilets in all worksites especially in Urban Areas and Forest Areas and Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental