Hu Jhist 1931
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The Bolshevil{S and the Chinese Revolution 1919-1927 Chinese Worlds
The Bolshevil{s and the Chinese Revolution 1919-1927 Chinese Worlds Chinese Worlds publishes high-quality scholarship, research monographs, and source collections on Chinese history and society from 1900 into the next century. "Worlds" signals the ethnic, cultural, and political multiformity and regional diversity of China, the cycles of unity and division through which China's modern history has passed, and recent research trends toward regional studies and local issues. It also signals that Chineseness is not contained within territorial borders overseas Chinese communities in all countries and regions are also "Chinese worlds". The editors see them as part of a political, economic, social, and cultural continuum that spans the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, South East Asia, and the world. The focus of Chinese Worlds is on modern politics and society and history. It includes both history in its broader sweep and specialist monographs on Chinese politics, anthropology, political economy, sociology, education, and the social science aspects of culture and religions. The Literary Field of New Fourth Artny Twentieth-Century China Communist Resistance along the Edited by Michel Hockx Yangtze and the Huai, 1938-1941 Gregor Benton Chinese Business in Malaysia Accumulation, Ascendance, A Road is Made Accommodation Communism in Shanghai 1920-1927 Edmund Terence Gomez Steve Smith Internal and International Migration The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Chinese Perspectives Revolution 1919-1927 Edited by Frank N Pieke and Hein Mallee -
Threading on Thin Ice: Resistance and Conciliation in the Jade Marshal’S Nationalism, 1919-1939
THREADING ON THIN ICE: RESISTANCE AND CONCILIATION IN THE JADE MARSHAL’S NATIONALISM, 1919-1939 Mengchuan Lin A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History (Modern China). Chapel Hill 2013 Approved by: Michael Tsin Miles Fletcher Klaus Larres ©2013 Mengchuan Lin ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii Abstract Mengchuan Lin: Threading On Thin Ice: Resistance and Conciliation in the Jade Marshal’s Nationalism, 1919-1939 (Under the direction of Michael Tsin) The 1920s marked a decade in the history of modern China which is typically referred to as the period of warlords. This period was characterised by political chaos, internal division and internecine warfare between various cliques of military strongmen who controlled China’s numerous provinces. These de facto military dictators of China, known as warlords in historical literature, were customarily construed to be avaricious and self-serving despots who ruled their large territories with little regard for the welfare of their subjects or that of the Chinese nation. My thesis aims to revise these previously held assumptions concerning the historical agency of Chinese warlords by investigating the unusual conduct of a particularly influential warlord: Wu Peifu. Wu’s display of deeply seated nationalistic tendencies throughout his political career, I argue, complicates our understanding of the impact that Chinese warlords exerted on the rise of Chinese national -
Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5033
Ill DEMCHUGDONGROB’S EARLY CAREER 1919-1928 The Ruling Prince of His Own Banner After the old Prince Namjilwangchug died, there was not an actual ruling prince of the Sunid Right Banner for almost seventeen years. Therefore, Demchugdongrob’s assumption of power as jasag was a momentous and happy occasion for the whole ban ner. It also relieved, at least ostensibly, his “ official” mother (the Turned khatun, the first wife of his father) and the elderly officials of the banner of their heavy responsibilities.' During 1919, Prince De’s first year in charge of the banner administration, a group of Buriyad Mongolian intellectuals initiated the Pan-Mongolian movement, and in late February convened a meeting of delegates from Buriyad and Inner Mongolia at Dau- ria, in Siberia. They decided to organize a government for all Mongolia and sent repre sentatives to the Paris Peace Conference to strive for international recognition ofMon golia’s independence. Because it had already established its own government. Outer Mongolia rejected the invitation, but some Inner Mongols, especially the leaders of the Hulunbuir area in the far north of Inner Mongolia, were willing to Join, and the Naiji- Toyin Khutugtu of Hohhot Turned (Inner Mongolia) was recognized as their leader. Though this movement failed to achieve its goal of recognition at the Paris con ference, it influenced all of Mongolia. Even though the activities of Japanese militarists and the White Russian leader, Semenov, overshadowed this movement, it still helped to rouse a common Mongolian desire for unity and independence. Although Demchugdong- rob was not involved in these matters, he was inevitably influenced by them. -
Ancient Fortifications, Modern Firepower, and Warlord Politics a Study on the Siege of Xi'an and Its Historical Significance
/Ancient Fortifications, Modern Firepower, and Warlord Politics A Study on the Siege of Xi'an and its Historical Significance by Kingsley Tsang |fJP=!(Zeng Qingzhang) B.A., The University of British Columbia, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts . in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of History) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2 002 © Kingsley Tsang, 2002 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date August 28, 2002 Abstract The Warlord period (1916-28) is a much-neglected era in modern Chinese scholarship. Scholars tend to ignore it because the events were complicated and the warlords acted without an ideological commitment. They are seen as violent but unsophisticated thugs with minimum affects on the history of Chinese military. The Siege of Xi'an (April to November 1926) demonstrated the fallacy of this assumption and the uniqueness of the warlord military system. The warlords managed to fuse the Chinese and Western military experience in a hybrid warring style. -
A Tale of Two Warlords Republican China During the 1920S by Matthew R
Asia: Biographies and Personal Stories, Part I A Tale of Two Warlords Republican China During the 1920s By Matthew R. Portwood and John P. Dunn When the wind blows, the grass bends with the wind. —Yuan Shikai Soldiers of Feng Yuxiang practice with their heavy machine guns ca. 1930. Source: US Army Heritage and Educational Center. sually translated into English as “warlords,” junfa were the bane of Chinese, who suffered from their misrule, were Republican China. Some were highly trained officers, others self- all too familiar with the warlords. Sun Yat-sen, made strategists or graduates of the “school of forestry,” a Chinese Ueuphemism for banditry. In the words of a contemporary, they “did more acclaimed “Father of the Republic,” denounced harm for China in sixteen years than all the foreign gunboats could have done in a hundred years.”1 Warlords struggled for power between the death them as “a single den of badgers.” of would-be Emperor Yuan Shikai in 1916 and the end of the republic in 1949. Holdouts dominated remote frontier provinces until 1950; some of their lieutenants fought a decade later to control drug trafficking in the this in his New Yorker satire on the 1936 Xian Mutiny, in which warlord Golden Triangle. Zheng Xueliang kidnapped Guomindong leader Chiang Kai-shek: Warlords began their rise to power during the 1911 Revolution that “Young” Chang (“Old” Chang’s son, but not “Scalawag” Chang or “Red” ended millennia of imperial rule. Leaders like dentist-turned-revolution- Chang) offered to return the Generalissimo to Soong, who didn’t give a ary Sun Yat-sen argued Western-style Republicanism was the new stan- hang, but was only negotiating for his sister (who is married to Chiang). -
{FREE} Chinese Warlord Armies 1911-30 Ebook Free Download
CHINESE WARLORD ARMIES 1911-30 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Philip S. Jowett,Stephen Walsh | 48 pages | 21 Sep 2010 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781849084024 | English | Oxford, England, United Kingdom List of Chinese military equipment in World War II - Wikipedia Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Stephen Walsh Illustrator. Discover the men behind one of the most exotic military environments of the 20th century. Humiliatingly defeated in the Sino-Japanese War and the Boxer Rebellion of , Imperial China collapsed into revolution in the early 20th century and a republic was proclaimed in From the death of the first president in to the rise of the Nationalist Kuomintang go Discover the men behind one of the most exotic military environments of the 20th century. From the death of the first president in to the rise of the Nationalist Kuomintang government in , the differing regions of this vast country were ruled by endlessly forming, breaking and re-forming alliances of regional generals who ruled as 'warlords'. These warlords acted essentially as local kings and, much like Sengoku-period Japan, a few larger power-blocks emerged, fielding armies hundreds of thousands strong. They were also joined by Japanese, White Russian and some Western soldiers of fortune which adds even more color to a fascinating and oft-forgotten period. The fascinating text is illustrated with many rare photographs and detailed uniform plates by Stephen Walsh. Get A Copy. Paperback , 48 pages. More Details Osprey Men at Arms Other Editions 7. -
State-Run Industrial Enterprises in Fengtian, 1920-1931
State Building, Capitalism, and Development: State-Run Industrial Enterprises in Fengtian, 1920-1931 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Yu Jiang IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Liping Wang, Ann Waltner October 2010 © Yu Jiang, 2010 Acknowledgements I am grateful that Department of History at University of Minnesota took a risk with me, somebody with no background in history. I also thank the department for providing a one-semester fellowship for my dissertation research. I am deeply indebted to Minnesota Population Center for hosting me in its IT team for many years – it allowed me, a former software engineer, to keep abreast of the latest developments in computer technology while indulging in historical studies. Thanks are especially due to Steve Ruggles (MPC director) and Pete Clark (IT director) for giving me this great opportunity. The source materials for this dissertation mostly come from Liaoning Provincial Archives, Liaoning Provincial Library, and Meihekou Archives. I thank these institutions for their help. Liaoning Shekeyuan offered both warm reception and administrative help right after I arrived in Shenyang. My archival research in Shenyang also benefited greatly from Chris Isett’s help. Su Chen from East Asian Library at University of Minnesota has been helpful numerous times in locating important documents. My committee members, Mark Anderson, Ted Farmer, M.J. Maynes, Ann Waltner, and Liping Wang provided valuable comments on the draft. M.J. and Ann’s thoughtful comments on a paper based on my dissertation helped improve my work. -
University Schreyer Honors College
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE WARLORDS ON THE PATH OF DESTRUCTION: UNDERSTANDING POWER TRANSITION THEORY IN TWENTIETH CENTURY NORTHERN CHINA EVAN KALIKOW Spring 2012 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in International Politics and Economics with honors in International Politics Reviewed and approved* by the following: Douglas Lemke Associate Professor Thesis Supervisor Gretchen Casper Associate Professor Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. Abstract Power Transition Theory has been observed and verified in interstate conflicts; however, little research has been done to test its validity in intrastate conflict. In this thesis, I attempt to see if the hypotheses of Power Transition Theory (that (a) increased parity within a dyad leads to a higher onset of conflict, and (b) increased dissatisfaction with the status quo within a dyad leads to a higher onset of conflict) can be applied to the Warlord Era of China in the early 1900s, a region and time rife with intrastate conflict. To accomplish this, I embark on a quantitative analysis of seven northern Chinese warlords between the years of 1916 and 1930, taking into account not only their parity and status quo dissatisfaction, but also their geographic proximity and alliances. I ultimately find little support for the hypothesis regarding increased parity, but strong support for the status quo dissatisfaction hypothesis. My final section goes into further detail about Feng Yuxiang, one of the previously examined warlords who engaged in conflict with Wu Peifu twice despite having a quarter of his military resources, to try to understand why he would engage in conflict given such a disparity. -
The Warlords: China in Crisis
The Warlords: China In Crisis November 20-22, 2015 Committee Background Guide The Warlords: China in Crisis 1 Table of Contents Welcome From the Dais................................................................................................................2 Introduction....................................................................................................................................3 Factions….......................................................................................................................................4 Three Revolutions, Two Dynasties and Countless Bloody Conflicts.........................................6 Topic 1: Anti-Committee Warlords.............................................................................................8 Topic 2: Japanese Encroachment and Western Imperialism....................................................9 Topic 3: Movements and Revolutions........................................................................................10 Committee Mechanics.................................................................................................................11 Character Profiles........................................................................................................................14 Bibliography.................................................................................................................................18 Recommended Readings.............................................................................................................19 -
The Hailar Incident: the Nadir of Troubled Relations Between the Czechoslovak Legionnaires and the Japanese Army, April 1920
Acta Slavica Iaponica, Tomus 29, pp. 103‒122 The Hailar Incident: The Nadir of Troubled Relations between the Czechoslovak Legionnaires and the Japanese Army, April 1920 Martin Hošek INTRODUCTION The Czechoslovak Legion in Russia were employed in the Allied inter- vention from 1918 to 1920 on the side of the anti-Bolshevik regime of Admiral Kolchak, who in turn was supported by the Allies. This military service was very unpopular among the legionnaires who were impatient to return home. Nevertheless, they accepted the necessity of their engagement as a powerful argument for the victorious world powers to recognize Czechoslovakia as an independent state after the First World War. By the end of 1919, the Kolchak regime had fallen under the Red Army offensive and suffered the outbreak of many uprisings in the hinterland. This marked the end of Allied intervention, and all surviving forces, including the Czechoslovak Legion, started evacuating from Siberia. However, to make it to the ships at Vladivostok, the legionnaires were now ready to fight anybody, friend or foe, who stood in their way. In April 1920, although most Czechoslovak regiments had reached Vladivostok, the last echelons of their rearguard had just entered the Chinese Eastern Railway (C. E. R.), which connected the Trans-Baikal region with the Russian Far East via the territory of northeast China. Despite many difficulties, the Czechoslovak leadership was confident that the evacuation would be com- pleted successfully. However, this last phase did not go smoothly because of worsening relations between the legionnaires and the Japanese Imperial Army. Another reason was the generally tense situation along the C. -
On NHK's Interview with Zhang Xueliang
On NHK's Interview with Zhang Xueliang Koichi Okamoto Columbia university According to recent assessments, the Xi'an Incident of December 1936 was a significant turning point in modern Chinese history be cause it led to the cooperation of the Guomindang (GMD) and the Chinese Communist Party against the Japanese. The basic outline of Jiang Jieshi's ~fra capture by Zhang Xueliang ~~~has been known since December 1936. However, the details of those two weeks--in particular, the exact means by which the second united Front was created--have remained unclear. Zhang Xueliang's first pUblic inter view was therefore greatly anticipated because of his firsthand knowledge of the event. It is unclear how NHK (Nihon hoso kyokai (3 ;ftJ.tltf.t1J* , the Japan Broadcasting corporation) succeeded in obtaining an interview with Zhang after 54 years of house arrest and silence, but Zhang's pUblic appearance at his 90th birthday party, held in Taibei on June I, 1990, and attended by such high-ranking Guomindang figures as ·Zhang Qun~tB~, the chairman of the presidium of the central committee of the GMD, may have signified his relative political rehabilitation. Two months later, NHK interviewed him. In August 1990, Isomura Hisanorif~tt~i~; an NHK reporter, and Usui Katsumi tJ~ ~~~' pr of e s s or of Sino-Japanese relations at Denki Tsushin~*~1~univers i ty, talked with Zha ng for more than ten hours in Taibei, covering the period from his childhood to the Xi'an Inci dent. NHK produced two 7 5-mi nut e pr~rams b a s ed upon these inter views: «ens Gakuryo ga i ma kataru" ~l'~ ~"I " . -
This Article Was Found in USC-Owned Library Materials and Was Paged
This article was found in USC‐owned library materials and was paged and scanned courtesy IDD Document Delivery. For more information about IDD services, please visit: http://usc.illiad.oclc.org/illiad/faqs.html COPYRIGHT NOTICE: The copy law of the United States (Title 17 U.S. Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship or research”. Note that in the case of electronic files, “reproduction” may also include forwarding the file by email to a third party. If a user makes a request for, or later uses a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use”, that user may be liable for copyright infringement. USC reserves the right to refuse to process a request if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. By using USC’s Integrated Document Delivery (IDD) services you expressly agree to comply with Copyright Law. University of Southern California USC Libraries Integrated Document Delivery (IDD) (213) 740‐4020 [email protected] ____________ The Battle for China ESSAYS ON THE MILITARY HISTORY OF THE SINO-JAPANESE WAR OF I937-I945 Edited by Mark Peattie, Edward]. Drea, and Hans van de Ven STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 11111111111111111 IIIII II There is no instance < Stanford University Press from prolonged wart Stanford, California -Sunzi ©2orr by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University.