DOCSLIB.ORG

Muhammad Hamidullah and His Pioneering Works on Islamic Economics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Muhammad Hamidullah and His Pioneering Works on Islamic Economics In the Name of Allah The Most Gracious the Most Merciful MUHAMMAD HAMIDULLAH AND HIS PIONEERING WORKS ON ISLAMIC ECONOMICS Abdul Azim Islahi Professor Islamic Economics Institute King Abdulaziz University Scientific Publishing Centre King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia iii X Muhammad Hamidullah and Pioneering Works on Islamic Economics ©King Abdulaziz University: 1436H (2015G) All rights are reserved. 1st Edition: 1435H (2014G) King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Islahi, Abdulazim Muhammad Hamidullah And His Pioneering Works On Islamic Economics./ Abdulazim Islahi -1 - Jeddah, 2015 272p: 17X24 cm ISBN: 9960-06-733-5 1- Islam 2- Islam – Economic Aspects I -Title 330. 121 dc 1436/5473 L.D .no. 1436/5473 ISBN: 9960-06-733-5 King Abdulaziz University Press iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I must thank Almighty Allah, my Lord and Lord of the universe, who strengthened me to undertake and accomplish this work. After Him, I am indebted to a number of people and institutions from whom at various stages I received advice, useful information, source material, encouragement and support for the present volume. I pray for all of them goodness in this life and the Hereafter. I wish to thank in particular: Dr. Muhammad Rashid Ayyub from London; Br. Ozair Shams, a scholar based in Makkah al- Mukarramah; Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmad Zilli former Professor of History, Aligarh Muslim University; Dr. Arshad Zaman Former Chief Economist and Special Planning Secretary Government of Pakistan; and Mr. Rauf Ahmed, Librarian, Dr Muhammad Hamidullah Library, International Islamic University, Islamabad. They helped me procure some rare papers of Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah. Special thank is also due to Sister Sadida Athaullah, the grand-niece of Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah and the executive director of M. Hamidullah Center for Islamic Research, Maryland, USA, who appreciated, approved and warmly welcomed my project when I wrote to her about it, and kindly dug out for me some very early writings of Dr. Hamidullah. I am also grateful to my teacher and mentor Prof. Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi, who has been a source of guidance and inspiration in my research activities; I benefited from his valuable suggestions during this project as well. I am also indebted to my colleague at the Islamic Economics Institute, Dr. Abderrazak Belabes, an Algerian-French researcher who is in his own right a great admirer of Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah; he provided me some information about Hamidullah's contributions in French language, and benevolently translated me certain portions. Last but not the least, I must thank Dr. Abdullah Qurban Turkistani, Dean Islamic Economics Institute, for providing me peaceful, congenial and healthy atmosphere for research work at the Institute. Finally, I would like to acknowledge that: This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no. (47-121/1433). The author, therefore, acknowledges with thanks DSR technical and financial support. v FOREWORD Muhammad Hamidullah was a genius and a prolific writer. Anyone who has interest in the Qur'an's translation, Hadith literature, the Prophet's (peace be upon him) biography, international Islamic law, Islamic politics and archival heritage of Islam, cannot ignore Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah's contributions. But very few may be aware that he was one of the pioneers of modern Islamic economics. Hamidullah started his writings on Islamic economics in 1930s. In fact, it is not easy to get records of some of his early writings. Some of his articles were published in journals that discontinued publication. This may be one of the reasons why his contribution to Islamic economics could not be fully known. Prof. Islahi’s three papers - “Hamidullah: Life and Works”, “An Introduction to Hamidullah's Contributions to Islamic Economics”, and “Zakah as the State Finance: A Critical Study of Hamidullah’s Views” - give plenty of information about Dr. Hamidullah’s personality and multifaceted achievements in Islamic sciences in general and Islamic economics in particular. Professor Islahi has done a great service to Islamic economics by presenting collection of Dr. Hamidullah’s papers with useful notes and making them available to interested readers. Abdullah Qurban Turkistani Dean Islamic Economics Institute King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vii PREFACE The title "Muhammad Hamidullah's Pioneering Works on Islamic Economics" must be a surprise for many who know him only as expert on Islamic international law, biographer of the Prophet, translator of the Qur'an in French language, …….. and one who discovered and edited many valuable Arabic manuscripts of early Islamic period. I experienced this reaction during preparation of this work. Whenever, I mentioned to my friends, colleagues, and even experts of the discipline that I had been working on Dr. Hamidullah's papers on Islamic economics, most of them questioned with great surprise: "Had he contributed to Islamic economics?" In fact he was one of the pioneer writers on the subject and one who coined the term "Islamic Economics" by which this discipline is known worldwide today. Many firsts in this subject belong to him. For instance: the first and the earliest record of the interest-free financial institution in the modern period, advocacy of mutuality as the basis for Islamic insurance, mutuality based Islamic finance, proposal for establishment of international interest-free monetary fund, federation of currencies for Muslim countries, to name a few. This project started with a simple but difficult task of preparing a complete list and bibliographical details of Hamidullah's papers on Islamic economics. His biographers have almost ignored his contribution to economics. Even the most comprehensive list of his works did not mention more than 2-3 titles related to Islamic economics. In most cases the bibliographical details were missing. The papers contained in this volume have been procured through numerous sources with painstaking efforts. Hamidullah's writings on Islamic economics are spread over more than half a century and in various journals. Some of them discontinued their publications in their early stages. It was not easy to trace them. After searching libraries in Jeddah and Aligarh, and contacting friends, scholars and relatives of Dr. Hamidullah in America, England, India and Pakistan I succeeded in collecting all papers that were in my list. The present volume consists of his papers on Islamic economics in English language only. He has also written many papers on the subject in Urdu, and a few originals or translations in Arabic, French, Turkish, ix X Muhammad Hamidullah and Pioneering Works on Islamic Economics Persian, etc. Since Hamidullah's objective was to convey his ideas to maximum number of people, on different occasions and in different languages, he did not care if a story was already told. The readers will realize this while reading these papers. Such recurrence is not surprising especially when papers are written at different occasions and at different times. I hope his papers in English would be sufficient to understand what he has written in other languages. The present volume has two parts. The first part contains three papers – "Hamidullah: Life and Works", "An Introduction to Hamidullah's Contributions to Islamic Economics", and "Zakah as the State Finance: A Critical Study of Hamidullah’s Views". These papers are authored by me. The second part consists of thirteen papers written by Dr. Hamidullah on various topics related to Islamic economics. They are reproduced here with thanks and courtesy of their publishers. The articles in this volume have been arranged in chronological order. Since these papers were written at different occasions and at different periods, no single method was followed. For example, references were mentioned sometimes as endnotes, sometimes as footnotes and sometimes in the middle of the text. Similarly, the references to Qur'anic verses were given sometimes within the text and sometimes along with footnotes or endnotes. I have brought all references to verses of the Qur'an in the middle of the text and all footnotes as the endnotes. In some of his works he gave numbers to paragraphs for reference purpose so that, unlike page-numbers, after change of edition they remain exactly same. In this collection we have removed them to maintain uniformity. Again, no standard transliteration system for Arabic words was followed in all papers. I have tried to bring them under one and the same system. Printing errors have been corrected but no attempt has been made to edit the language. I have tried to complete the references and provide their details, or give explanatory notes if necessary. All such additions are indicated by initial [aai] to distinguish it as addition by the editor. Bibliography part covers the whole volume. Abdul Azim Islahi Jeddah 10-01-1435/14-12-2013 x CONTENTS Page Acknowledgement ………….………………………......... v Foreword ……………….……….……………………...... vii Preface ……………………………..…………………….. ix Contents ………………………………………………….. xi 1. Hamidullah: Life and Works …….………………………. 1 2. An Introduction to Hamidullah's Contributions to Islamic Economics ……………………………………….. 27 3. Zakah as the State Finance: A Critical Study of Hamidullah’s Views …………………………………….. 53 4. Islam's Solution of the Basic Economic Problems: The Position of Labour ………………………………….. 69 5. Property …………………………………………………… 93 6. Islamic Insurance ………………………………………….
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dr Muhammad Hamidullah
    Dr Muhammad Hamidullah Emergence of Islam Lecture: II History of Hadith Dr. Muhammad Hameedullah Tranlated by: Afzal Iqbal www.facebook.com/Dr.Muhammad.Hamidullah www.facebook.com/payamequran 1 History of Hadith Dr Muhammad Hamidullah Table of Contents Dr Muhammad Hamidullah ………….…………………..…2 Quran and Hadith ………………………………..…………5 Prohet‘s Sayings and Revelation …………………………...7 Importance of Hadith………………………….…………….9 Early Hadith Documents …………………………………..12 Constituion Of Madina ……………………………………...15 Need For a State …………………………..………………..17 State of Madina …………………………………….……….20 Beginning of Hadith Collection …………………………….22 Early Compilation of Hadith ……………..………………….25 Narrations of Companions …………………………….…….26 Prohibition to Write Hadith …………….……………………39 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS……………………………..41 ڈارٹک دمحم دیمحاہلل www.facebook.com/Dr.Muhammad.Hamidullah ایپ ِم رقآن www.facebook.com/payamequran 2 History of Hadith Dr Muhammad Hamidullah Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah, was born on February 9, 1908, in the state of Hyderabad Deccan in the Indian subcontinent. He was the youngest of 3 brothers and 5 sisters. In Hyderabad, Dr. Hamidullah was educated at Darul-Uloom secondary school, Nizam College and Osmania University from where he obtained his MA and LLB degree in International Law. From 1933-35 he studied at several universities in Europe and obtained a doctorate from Bonn University in Germany. In 1936, he obtained a degree from the Sorbonne University, France. From 1936-46 he served on the faculty of Osmania University teaching International Law. In 1946, he was appointed as member of the delegation sent by the Nizam of Hyderabad at the League of the Nations. After the 1948 invasion of Hyderabad by the Indian army, Hamidullah chose to live in exile in France.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Jurisprudence and the Regulation of Armed Conflict
    ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND THE REGULATION OF ARMED CONFLICT FEBRUARY 2009 By Nesrine Badawi In collaboration with the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research (HPCR) at Harvard University, HPCR International hosts a Professional Development Program aimed at enriching humanitarian debate and improving responses to conflict by offering opportunities for mid-career professionals to develop skills, deepen knowledge, and participate in informal expert networks. Occasionally, background papers produced by expert s for the trainings are made available to a more general audience. Background papers are selected for wider distribution based on such factors as their contemporary relevance and potential to contribute to ongoing discussions. This paper was produced for a February 2009 Thematic Workshop on Islamic Law and Protection of Civilians that took place in Amman, Jordan. The views expressed herein are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of HPCR or HPCR International. PROGRAM ON HUMANITARIAN POLICY AND CONFLICT RESEARCH HARVARD UNIVERSITY 1033 Massachusetts Avenue, Fourth Floor, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Ph: (617) 384-7407 Fax: (617) 384-5908 [email protected] www.hpcr.org ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND THE REGULATION OF ARMED CONFLICT The increase in violent attacks against civilians and non-civilians and the claims made by groups waging such attacks that their acts are legitimate under Islamic law generated wide interest in Islamic ‘laws of war’. This paper attempts to challenge the approach focused on comparison between international humanitarian law (IHL) and Islamic law on the basis of the rules adopted in each system and argues that both legal regimes are governed by certain theoretical and ideological paradigms that are distinct from each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural and Intellectual History of Indian Islam By
    CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF INDIAN ISLAM BY MUHAMMAD HAMIDULLAH Paris The Sub-Himalayan continent is practically as vast and as varied as Europe itself. The contacts with Islam began naturally with coastal regions, gradually and with a chequered history to embrace the whole country. There are numerous dynasties to deal; different centers have come into lime light at different epochs; and there is the history of over thirteen centuries to tell. It is just to initiate in the problems, not even all, that one can attempt in an article. First t Contacts The Arabs had contacts with India even before Islam, not only with Sind and Gujrat which lie so close to the Eastern borders of Arabia, but also with Malabar, in connection with commerce. Can't we perceive that in the saying of the Prophet, when he had received the delegation of a Yamanite tribe and had asked: "Who are these people who look like the people of Hind?" Or when a Yamanite deputation had gone to Ctesiphon to ask for the help of Chosroes against the Abyssinian occupants, and said: "We have been invaded by crows", the emperor asked: "Which crows, Indians or Abys- sinians ?" More positive evidence is furnished by Ibn al-Kalbi, who says: "Thereafter the fair of Daba (in 'Uman) which is one of the two principal ports of Arabia. There come the traders of Sind, of Hind, of China, of the people of the East and West. Its fair used to open on the last day of the month of Raj ab. The method of sale there was simple negotiation.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 1 War During the Prophet's Lifetime
    Notes Introduction 1. Johnson, Th e Holy War Idea, p. 21; Said, Orientalism; and Covering Islam. 2. Firestone, Jihād, p. 13. 3. Johnson, Th e Holy War Idea, p. 19. 4. Ibid., p. 22. 5. Ibid., p. 23. 6. Donner, “Th e Sources of Islamic Conceptions of War,” p. 57. 7. Firestone, Jihād, p. 13. 8. Martin, “Th e Religious Foundations of War, Peace, and Statecraft in Islam,” p. 108. See also Halliday, Islam and the Myth of Confrontation, p. 35. 9. Haddad, “Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm: Th e Islamist Perspective,” p. 256. See also, e.g., Otterbeck, “Th e Depiction of Islam in Sweden,” pp. 143– 156. Margaret Pettygrove indicates that “Th e demonization and reduction of Islam in popular American culture, particularly with respect to suicide bomb- ings and Political Islam, suggests that Islam is an inherently violent or extremist religion” (“Conceptions of War in Islamic Legal Th eory and Practice,” p. 35). See also Abu-Nimer, “A Framework for Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam,” p. 221. 10. Huntington, “Th e Clash of Civilizations?,” p. 48. See also Huntington, Th e Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order. 11. See Buaben, Image of the Prophet Muh.ammad in the West, pp. 327, 329. 12. Watt, Bell’s Introduction to the Qur’ān, p. 182. 1 War during the Prophet’s Lifetime 1. See Watt, Muhammad at Medina, pp. 336–338; Watt, Muh.ammad: Prophet and Statesman, pp. 241 f. 2. Ibn Ish. āq, Al- Sīrah. 3. See Ibn Kathīr, Al- Sīrah, Vol. 1, p. 24.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Law, Jihad and Violence
    UCLA UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law Title Islamic Law, Jihad and Violence Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sj0m31p Journal UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 16(1) Author Abou El Fadl, Khaled Publication Date 2017 DOI 10.5070/N4161038734 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ISLAMIC LAW, JIHAD AND VIOLENCE Khaled Abou El Fadl TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 I. MORAL OBLIGATION AND LEGAL INDETERMINACY IN THE ISLAMIC JURISTIC TRADITION ..........................................................................................................5 II. THE MEANING OF JIHAD ......................................................................................9 A. Peace as a Moral Imperative ................................................................10 B. The Qur’anic Discourse on Jihad ........................................................12 C. The Challenge of War and the Balancing of Moral Imperatives ..........13 III� JUS AD BELLUM IN THE ISLAMIC TRADITION���������������������������������������������������������15 IV� JUS IN BELLO IN THE ISLAMIC TRADITION.............................................................20 INTRODUCTION To what extent are justifications of violence in Islamic law based on scriptural prescriptions and commands? The challenge of answering this question, in part, is the sheer breadth of the Islamic experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Whoever Harms a Dhimm¯I I Shall Be His Foe on the Day of Judgment
    religions Article Article “Whoever“Whoever HarmsHarms aa DhimmDhimmı¯ī II ShallShall BeBe HisHis FoeFoe onon thethe DayDay of of Judgment”: Judgment”: An An Investigation Investigation into into an an Authentic Prophetic Tradition andand ItsIts OriginsOrigins fromfrom thethe Covenants Covenants Ahmed El-Wakil Ahmed El-Wakil College of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar; [email protected] of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar; [email protected] Received: 6 June 2019; Accepted: 9 August 2019; Published: 5 September 2019 Received: 6 June 2019; Accepted: 9 August 2019; Published: 5 September 2019 Abstract: The ḥadīth, “whoever harms a dhimmī I shall be his foe on the Day of Judgment’, can be foundAbstract: as anThe endh. adclause¯ıth, “whoeverto covenants harms which a dhimmthe Prophet¯ı I shall Muḥ beammad his foe issued on the to Day Christian, of Judgment’, Jewish, and can Magianbe found communities. as an end clause As it tois covenantshighly unlikely which for the different Prophet non-Muslim Muh. ammad communities issued to Christian, to have Jewish,forged thisand Prophetic Magian communities. statement at As the it isend highly of their unlikely respective for di ffdocuments,erent non-Muslim this paper communities argues that to havethis utteranceforged this is Propheticauthentic statementand can be at confidently the end of their traced respective back to documents,the Prophet. this This paper paper argues examines that thisthe occurrenceutterance is of authentic this statement and can as bea ḥ confidentlyadīth in the tracedIslamic back literature to the and Prophet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of Rebels in Islamic Law Sadia Tabassum Sadiatabassum Is Lecturer in the Department of Law,International Islamic University,Islamabad
    Volume 93 Number 881 March 2011 Combatants, not bandits: the status of rebels in Islamic law Sadia Tabassum SadiaTabassum is Lecturer in the Department of Law,International Islamic University,Islamabad. She received her LLM in International Law from the same University. Abstract The Islamic law on rebellion offers a comprehensive code for regulating the conduct of hostilities in non-international armed conflicts and thus it can be used as a model for improving the contemporary international legal regime. It not only provides an objective criterion for ascertaining existence of armed conflict but also recognizes the combatant status for rebels and the necessary corollaries of their de facto authority in the territory under their control. Thus it helps reduce the sufferings of civilians and ordinary citizens during rebellion and civil wars. At the same time, Islamic law asserts that the territory under the de facto control of the rebels is de jure part of the parent state. It therefore answers the worries of those who fear that the grant of combatant status to rebels might give legitimacy to their struggle. The contemporary world faces many armed conflicts, most of which are deemed ‘internal’ – or ‘non-international’. This article attempts to identify some of the important problems in the international legal regime regulating these conflicts and to find solutions to these problems by taking the Islamic law of rebellion as our point of reference. Islamic international law – or Siyar – has been proven to deal with the issue of rebellion, civil wars, and internal conflicts in quite some detail. Every manual of fiqh (Islamic law) has a chapter on Siyar that contains a section on rebellion (khuruj/baghy);1 some manuals of fiqh even have separate chapters on rebellion.2 The Qur’an, the primary source of Islamic law, provides fundamental doi:10.1017/S1816383111000117 121 S.
    [Show full text]
  • Muhammad Hamidullah on the Islamic Theology of Revelation: Topics for A
    http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/cd.a9n14p84-98 Muhammad Hamidullah on the Islamic theology of revelation: topics for a discussion on comparative theology Muhammed Hamidullah e a teologia islâmica da revelação: elementos em vista de uma teologia comparativa César Andrade Alves1 Abstract The dialogue of theological exchange, which can be carried out as comparative theology, is one of the four forms of interreligious dialogue encouraged by the magisterium. A subject of great interest to this form of dialogue is divine revelation, within the field of fundamental theology. Regarding this subject, a discussion partner in the dialogue with Islam is Muhammad Hamidullah, one of the most distinguished Muslim scholars of the 20th century, whose work is the object of growing attention. This article has two objectives: (1) to highlight the importance of Hamidullah for a future work within comparative theology; (2) to categorize issues, derived from his analysis of revelation, that will be relevant to a later theological exchange with a Christian theology of revelation of an ecumenical nature in the light of the Second Vatican Council. Keywords Fundamental theology. Interreligious dialogue. Theological method. Islam. Muslim theology. Resumo O diálogo de intercâmbio teológico, que pode se desenvolver como teologia comparativa, é uma das quatro modalidades de diálogo inter-religioso fomentadas pelo magistério. Um tema de interesse para tal modalidade é a revelação divina, assunto por excelência da teologia fundamental. No diálogo com o islã acerca desse tema um interlocutor é Muhammad Hamidullah, um dos mais destacados acadêmicos muçulmanos do século XX e cuja obra é objeto de crescente interesse no meio acadêmico islâmico contemporâneo.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Islam by Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah.Pdf
    DOWNLOAD CSS Notes, Books, MCQs, Magazines www.thecsspoint.com Download CSS Notes Download CSS Books Download CSS Magazines Download CSS MCQs Download CSS Past Papers The CSS Point, Pakistan’s The Best Online FREE Web source for All CSS Aspirants. Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 ... The Prophet of Islam -- His Biography ………………………………………….. 02 Chapter 2 ... Preservation of the Original Teachings of Islam ………………………………. 13 Chapter 3 ... The Islamic Conception of Life ………………………………………………….. 27 Chapter 4 ... Faith and Belief ………………………………………………………………… … 38 Chapter 5 ... Devotional Life and Religious Practices in Islam ……………………………… 48 Chapter 6 ... The Cultivation of Spiritual Life ………………………………………………….. 60 Chapter 7 ... The System of Morality in Islam ……………………………………………….... 68 Chapter 8 ... The Political System of Islam ……………………………………………………. 77 Chapter 9 ... The Judicial System of Islam ……………………………………………………. 87 Chapter 10 ... The Economic System of Islam ……………………………………………..… 99 Chapter 11 ... The Muslim Woman …………………………………………………………,…. 110 Chapter 12 ... The Status of non-Muslims in Islam …………………………………………... 120 Chapter 13 ... Muslim Contribution to the Sciences and Arts ………………………………. 129 Chapter 14 ... General History of Islam ………………………………………………….……. 141 Chapter 15 ... Daily Life of a Muslim ………………………………………………………..…. 150 1 Introduction to Islam By Dr. Hamidullah | Complied By The CSS Point | www.thecsspoint.com Chapter No: 01 The Prophet of Islam -- His Biography In the annals of men, individuals have not been lacking who conspicuously devoted their lives to the socio-religious reform of their connected peoples. We find them in every epoch and in all lands. In India, there lived those who transmitted to the world the Vedas, and there was also the great Gautama Buddha; China had its Confucius; the Avesta was produced in Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • MOHAMMAD IAIQMAN Submitted for the Degree of Ph. D. in the Faculty of Arts in the University of Glasgow December, 1981
    AN ANALYSIS OF THE EARLIEST ARAB HISTORICAL WRITERS ( Ibn Ishäg, Al-Tabarl and Al-Balädhurl ). MOHAMMADIAIQMAN DEPARTMENTOF ARABIC UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW Submitted for the degree of Ph. D. in the Faculty of Arts in the University of Glasgow December, 1981. i Acknowledimment. I an thankful to my supervisor, Dr. J. N. Mattock for the guidance of my research project on Arab Historiography. While correcting my errors he has always shown the kindness to forgive initial inadequacies. He is an able personality in the field of oriental sciences= creates hard principles for research students to discover new scientific points. He, indeed,, has an unparalleled place among philosophers. His continuous supervision has enabled me to produce the lengthy research project. In the past, in my estimationýno-one prior to Dr. J. N. Mattock has produced such remarkable research work on the Earliest Arab Historiographers. Worthy praise and credit-goes to ay supervisor, with whom I have been very happy -working during the whole period of research. I find him very kind and helpful to me. I pray to God, 0 he may live long ". In the circumstances of supporting myself, there have inevitably been financial problems and I would like to mention those who have helped me. Firstly, my thanks are due to Dr. Abdul Ghafur Muslim who has drawn my attention to research on Muslim Historians. I appreciate his help and encouragement in this field. I am grateful to Mr. N. H. Cheema, Mr. Saleea Akhtar and particularly to Mr. Nhushi MohammadAkhtar for his sponsoring letter to the British Home Office for financial support.
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim Conduct of State by Muhammad Hamidullah. Published By: Islamic Book Trust Length: 386 Pages ISBN: 978-967-5962-88-9
    29 (1) 2021 IIUMLJ 207 - 213 Book Review Reviewed Work(s): Muslim Conduct of State by Muhammad Hamidullah. Published by: Islamic Book Trust Length: 386 pages ISBN: 978-967-5962-88-9 Review by: Fajri Matahati Muhammadin* Fiqh al-Siyar and Where Hamidullah Stands The edition reviewed is published in 2012, but the book was first published by the Sh. Muhammad Ashraff Publisher in 1977 and the author passed away in 2002. As far as contemporary books are concerned, this book may seem, at face value, quite old. His work is, nonetheless, more important than ever and is seminal in the current development of international law scholarship. Over a thousand years ago, fiqh al-siyar, especially works of Imam Shaybani, heavily influenced not only the Muslims but also the global civilization.1 As centuries passed, the Europeans conquered the world and held hegemonic domination of many aspects of life including international law.2 The Muslims, on the other hand, fell into a decline and were largely colonialized by Europe. The recent decade witnessed a rise of international law scholars criticizing the current construct of international law, arguing that it is * Lecturer at the Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. 1 See: Mashood A. Baderin, “Muhammad Al-Shaybani (749/50-805),” in The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law, ed. Bardo Fassbender and Anne Peters (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013); Khaled Ramadan Bashir, Islamic International Law: Historical Foundations and Al-Shaybani’s Siyar (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Psychology Mohammad
    PSYCHOLOGY of MOHAMMAD Author Dr. Massoud Ansari CONTENTS Preface Chapter One A Short Account of the Life of Mohammed, Founder of Islam Chapter Two The Koran: A Manual for Terrorism Chapter Three Absurdities of the Koran Chapter Four Astronomy of the koran Chapter Five Hadith, the Terrorist Manifesto of Islam Chapter Six Mohammed Orders Death to His Opponents Chapter Seven Were Mohammed’s Inspirations Genuine? Chapter Eight The Mendacious Strategies of Mohamed’s Prophethood Chapter Nine Exile and Massacre of the Jews from Medina Chapter Ten The Intimidating Character of the Koran Chapter Eleven Psychology of Mohammed Chapter Twelve Evaluation of Mohammed’s Personality in History PREFACE This book should be read almost as though it were a work of fiction. It deals with a religion and events in the life of a man who pretended to be a prophet, elements of both subjects being far from truth and reality. In other words, the contents of this book explain realities about unrealities. Mohammed through his book, the Koran, both tried very hard to make realities out of unrealities. He fabricated a preposterous metaphysical faith that, by its appeal to the baser instincts of pagan Bedouins, began on the Arabian Peninsula and then, by bloody conquest, spread throughout the Mid-East, northern Africa and even into Spain. If anyone should ask why more than one billion of the world’s population follows this absurd creed and accepts Mohammed as a prophet, I would refer them inter alia to the works of two distinguished scientists: Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene1 and Susan Blackmore, The Meme Machine.2 It is not the intention of the author to delve into the definition of religion because it would be impossible to find one that would be acceptable worldwide.
    [Show full text]