Lab Hand Out 3 - Bone and Axial Skeleton
Bones of the Skull Facial Bones of Skull (14) 1. Cranial Bones (8) A. Parietal Bone A. Inferior nasal Concha 1. Temporal line of parietal bone B. Nasal Bone B. Frontal Bone C. Vomer Bone 1. Supraorbital notch (supraorbital foramen) D. Palatine 2. Squamous part of frontal bone E. Lacrimal Bone i. Glabella 1. Lacrimal Fossa F. Maxilla C. Ethmoid Bone 1. Alveolar Margins of the Maxilla 1. Crista Galli 2. Alveolar Sockets 2. Cribriform Plate 3. Palatine process of maxilla 3. Superior Nasal Concha G. Mandible 4. Middle Nasal Concha 1. Alveolar Margins of the Mandible 5. Perpendicular plate 2. Mandibular symphysis 3. Mandibular Body D. Occipital Bone 4. Mandibular Angle 1. Occipital Condyle 5. Mandibular Ramus 2. External Occipital Crest 6. Mandibular Condyle 3. External Occipital Protuberance 7. Coronoid Process 4. Superior Nuchal line 8. Mandibular Notch 5. Groove for transverse dural sinus H. Zygomatic Bone I. Orbital surfaces E. Sphenoid Bone 1. Orbital surface of the frontal bone 1. Sella Turcica 2. Orbital surface of the sphenoid bone a. Hypophyseal fossa 3. Orbital surface of the ethmoid bone 2. Greater Wings 4. Orbital surface of the maxilla bone 3. Lesser Wings 5. Orbital surface of the zygomatic bone 4. Pterygoid Processes F. Temporal Bone 1. External Acoustic Meatus (or External auditory meatus) 2. Internal Acoustic Meatus (or Internal auditory 4. Sinuses: mucous-lined air cavities meatus) a. Frontal sinus 3. Mandibular Fossa of temporal bone b. Ethmoid sinus 4. Mastoid Process c. Sphenoid sinus 5. Styloid Process d. Maxillary sinus 6. Petrous Part 7. Groove for sigmoid sinus Cranial fossae 3. Sutures a. Anterior Cranial Fossa A. Coronal Suture b. Posterior Cranial Fossa B. Lambdoid Suture c. Middle Cranial Fossa C. Sagittal Suture Processes of the Skull D. Squamous Suture a. Zygomatic process of the temporal bone b. Temporal process of the zygomatic bone 4. Fetal Skull c. Frontal process of the maxilla bone A. Anterior Fontanel d. Frontal process of the zygomatic bone B. Posterior Fontanel C. Sphenoidal Fontanel D. Mastoid Fontanel
5. Foramen/openings in skull A. Olfactory/Cribriform Foramina B. Optic foramen & optic Canal
Unfiled Notes Page 2 B. Optic foramen & optic Canal 8. Vertebrae C. Foramen ovale Intervertebral Foramina D. Foramen spinosum Intervertebral Disc E. Foramen rotundum classification: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx F. Foramen Lacerum A. General Landmarks (found in the vertebrae) G. Carotid Canal 1. Body (Centrum) H. Foramen Magnum 2. Vertebral arch I. Hypoglossal canal i. Pedicle J. Jugular Foramen ii. Lamina K. Mandibular Foramen 3. Spinous Process L. Mental Foramen 4. Superior articulating process & facet M. Stylomastoid Foramen 5. Inferior articulating process & facet N. Superior orbital fissure 6. Transverse Process O. Inferior Orbital Fissure 7. Vertebral Foramen/canal P. Infraorbital Foramen 8. Intervertebral foramen (foramina) Q. Incisive fossa (foramen) B. Cervical Vertebrae R. Greater palatine foramen 1. Bifid Spinous Process 2. Verterbral Prominence (Long Spinous Process of C7) 6. Axial Skeleton Bones 3. Transverse Process I. Hyoid Bone 4. Transverse Foramina A. Body 5. Atlas B. Greater Horn i. Superior Articular Facet C. Lesser Horn ii. Inferior Articular Facet 6. Axis II. Ribs i. Body • Classification: True Ribs & false ribs (Fused & Floating Ribs) ii. Dens (Odontoid Process) • Intercostal Space A. Shaft 7. Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 - T12) B. Costal Angle i. Transverse costal facet C. Neck of rib ii. Superior costal demifacet D. Head of rib iii. Inferior costal demifacet E. Costal Groove 8. Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 - L5) F. Tubercle 9. Sacrum G. Costal Cartilage A. Sacral Promontory III. Sternum B. Transverse ridges (Lines) A. Manubrium C. Sacral Foramina 1. Jugular Notch D. Apex 2. Clavicular Notch E. Ala of sacrum B. Body F. Auricular Surface C. Xiphoid Process G. Sacral Canal D. Sternal Angle H. Superior Articular Process (of sacrum) I. Medial Sacral Crest 10. Coccyx
7. Osteon Model (Haversian System) 1. periosteum 2. Endosteum 3. Perforating or Sharpey’s fibers 4. Canaliculi 5. Lamellae rings 6. Lacuna with osteocyte 7. Central (Haversian) Canal 8. perforating (Volkmann’s) canal
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