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S/2012/544 Consejo De Seguridad Naciones Unidas S/2012/544 Consejo de Seguridad Distr. general 13 de julio de 2012 Español Original: inglés Carta de fecha 11 de julio de 2012 dirigida al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad por el Presidente del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea En nombre del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea y de conformidad con el párrafo 6 m) de la resolución 2002 (2011) del Consejo de Seguridad, tengo el honor de transmitir adjunto el informe sobre Somalia del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea (véase el anexo). A este respecto, el Comité agradecería que la presente carta y su apéndice se señalaran a la atención de los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad y se publicaran como documento del Consejo. (Firmado) H. S. Puri Presidente Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea 12-37643 (S) 180712 180712 *1237643* S/2012/544 Anexo Carta de fecha 27 de junio de 2012 de los miembros del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea dirigida al Presidente del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea Tenemos el honor de transmitir adjunto el informe sobre Somalia del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea, de conformidad con el párrafo 6 m) de la resolución 2002 (2011) del Consejo de Seguridad. (Firmado) Matt Bryden Coordinador Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea (Firmado) Emmanuel Deisser Experto en armas (Firmado) Aurélien Llorca Experto en aviación (Firmado) Jörg Roofthooft Experto en cuestiones marítimas (Firmado) Ghassan Schbley Experto en finanzas (Firmado) Babatunde Taiwo Experto en grupos armados (Firmado) Kristele Younes Experta en cuestiones humanitarias 2 12-37643 S/2012/544 Informe del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea, presentado de conformidad con la resolución 2002 (2011) del Consejo de Seguridad Índice Página Siglas ...................................................................... 6 Resumen.................................................................... 7 I. Introducción ................................................................. 11 A. Mandato................................................................ 11 B. Metodología ............................................................ 11 II. Actos que amenazan la paz, la seguridad y la estabilidad de Somalia .................. 13 A. Mala gestión financiera y corrupción en el sector público ....................... 13 B. Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin ......................................... 16 C. Al-Shabaab como amenaza regional e internacional ............................ 17 D. Piratería y secuestros por los que se exigen rescates ............................ 18 III. Violaciones del embargo de armas general y completo .............................. 22 A. Operaciones militares extranjeras en Somalia ................................. 22 B. Empresas privadas de seguridad ............................................ 23 C. Empresas privadas de seguridad marítima/Armerías flotantes .................... 26 D. Incumplimiento .......................................................... 27 IV. Obstrucción de la asistencia humanitaria ......................................... 27 A. Denegación de acceso..................................................... 28 B. Desviación y apropiación indebida de fondos destinados a asistencia humanitaria ... 28 C. Mejores prácticas ........................................................ 29 V. Violaciones del derecho internacional humanitario ................................. 30 A. Ataques contra civiles .................................................... 30 B. Violencia basada en el género .............................................. 31 C. Niños soldados .......................................................... 32 D. Desplazamiento forzoso y aislamiento ....................................... 32 VI. Lista consolidada............................................................. 33 VII. Cooperación de los Estados con el Grupo de Supervisión ............................ 33 VIII. Recomendaciones ............................................................ 34 A. Amenazas a la paz y la seguridad ........................................... 34 B. Piratería ................................................................ 34 12-37643 3 S/2012/544 C. Violaciones del embargo de armas .......................................... 35 D. Obstrucción de la asistencia humanitaria ..................................... 36 E. Violaciones del derecho internacional humanitario ............................. 36 Anexos* Somalia 1. Misappropriation of financial resources .......................................... 37 1.1. Public sector financial mismanagement and corruption.......................... 38 1.2. Passport production, corruption and fraud .................................... 62 1.3. Currency printing ........................................................ 138 2. Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin ............................................. 149 2.1. Al-Shabaab Charcoal Exports in 2011-2012................................... 150 2.2. Al-Shabaab activities, tactics, techniques and procedures in 2011-2012 ............ 165 2.3. Al-Shabaab Northeast Somalia (ASNE) ...................................... 174 3. Al-Shabaab as a regional and international threat .................................. 178 3.1. Muslim Youth Centre (Al Hijra)** .......................................... 179 3.2. Ansaar Muslim Youth Centre (AMYC), United Republic of Tanzania.............. 180 4. Piracy and kidnap for ransom................................................... 197 4.1. Piracy overview: trends, judicial challenges and impunity ....................... 198 4.2. Kidnap for Ransom ....................................................... 215 4.3. Indian Ocean Network** .................................................. 220 4.4. Movement of piracy proceeds offshore**..................................... 221 5. Violations of the general and complete arms embargo............................... 222 5.1. Violations of the arms embargo by air and related incidents...................... 223 5.2. Foreign Military Operations in Somalia ...................................... 227 5.3. Private Security Companies and Organizations ................................ 238 5.4. Private Maritime Security Companies (PMSCs) and Floating Armouries ........... 281 5.5 Non-compliant States and Organizations ..................................... 285 6. Obstruction of humanitarian assistance ........................................... 298 6.1. Obstruction of humanitarian assistance and attacks on aid workers August 2011 to May 2012 ................................................. 299 6.2. “Gatekeepers” and other forms of diversion of humanitarian assistance ............ 313 7. Violations of international humanitarian law ...................................... 322 7.1. Attacks on civilians*** ................................................... 323 7.2. Gender-based violence .................................................... 324 4 12-37643 S/2012/544 7.3. Recruitment and use of child soldiers ........................................ 328 7.4. Forced displacement, confinement and returns*** ............................. 330 8. State Cooperation with the Monitoring Group ..................................... 331 * Los anexos se distribuyen únicamente en el idioma en que se presentaron. ** El anexo no se ha reproducido en el presente documento porque es estrictamente confidencial. *** El anexo no se ha reproducido en el presente documento porque es confidencial. 12-37643 5 S/2012/544 Siglas ACNUR Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados AMISOM Misión de la Unión Africana en Somalia CICR Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja 6 12-37643 S/2012/544 Resumen El último año de mandato de las instituciones federales de transición finaliza en agosto de 2012. Sin embargo, el traspaso de poder a una autoridad nacional más eficaz, legítima y de base más amplia se ve amenazada por los esfuerzos de diversos dirigentes políticos somalíes y sus partidarios por controlar o malograr el proceso de transición, lo cual exacerbaría la inestabilidad y los conflictos, pudiendo revitalizar a un Al-Shabaab acosado por los problemas. Si bien ese comportamiento “saboteador” es en parte una expresión de competencia política legítima, también es un síntoma de la corrupción generalizada en las instituciones federales de transición. Desde el derrumbe del Gobierno de Somalia en 1991, sucesivas generaciones de dirigentes somalíes han utilizado prácticas políticas y económicas perniciosas que han agravado el conflicto y han contribuido a frustrar el restablecimiento de la paz y la seguridad en el país. Bajo las instituciones federales de transición, la apropiación indebida, la malversación y el robo declarado de los recursos públicos como prácticas sistemáticas se han convertido básicamente en un sistema de gobernanza, plasmado en la frase somalí “Maxaa igu jiraa?” (“¿Qué gano yo?”). Un informe de mayo de 2012 encargado por el Banco Mundial desveló que faltaban 131 millones de dólares de los ingresos del Gobierno Federal de Transición correspondientes al período 2009-2010, a saber, el 68% del ingreso total registrado para ese período. Las investigaciones del propio Grupo
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