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The Mariner's Way of Individuation International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Volume 34 Article 6 Iss. 1-2 (2015) 1-1-2015 The aM riner’s Way of Individuation: An Insight into the Jungian Principle of Acausality Parisa Shams University of Western Australia Farideh Pourgiv Shiraz University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies Part of the Philosophy Commons, Psychology Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Shams, P., & Pourgiv, F. (2015). Shams, P., & Pourgiv, F. (2015). The am riner’s way of individuation: An insight into the Jungian principle of acausality. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 34(1-2), 45–54.. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 34 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2015.34.1-2.45 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Newsletters at Digital Commons @ CIIS. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Transpersonal Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CIIS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Mariner’s Way of Individuation: An Insight into the Jungian Principle of Acausality Parisa Shams Farideh Pourgiv University of Western Australia Shiraz University Perth, Australia Shiraz, Iran As a Romantic poet who was especially interested in the workings of the mind, Coleridge, in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, has dealt with notions, ideas, and images that lend themselves to a Jungian reading, specifically from the perspective of the principle of synchronicity which is to be the focus of this analysis. The theory of synchronicity, being the principle explaining the concurrence of psychic states and external events which bear no causal relationship, could be employed to bring up a novel interpretation of the poem. The causally unrelated but meaningful succession of events in the course of the poem, finding expression through the archetypes, helps the Mariner get a deeper insight into the universe and further his movement in the process of individuation—the quest for self-realization. The synchronistic events of the poem take place on a bed of poetic expressions of the primordial images mediating between the Mariner’s psyche and the world outside, resulting in his inner growth through the process of individuation, wherein, the Mariner comes to the realization that nature and he form an inseparable part of a greater system which is unified through the flow of an invisible spirit—the collective unconscious. Keywords: archetypes, Coleridge, collective unconscious, individuation, Jung, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, synchronicity he Rime of the Ancient Mariner is the longest The Mariner is then cast into a trance as spirits drive the major poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge first ship northward. Soon, the curse is expiated and he finds published in 1798 under the title Lyrical Ballads, himself approaching his native country, when a boat Ta joint collection of poetry whose larger part was written comes into sight. The Mariner’s ship suddenly sinks, and by Coleridge’s counterpart William Wordsworth and he is saved in the boat aboard of which are the Pilot, a revolutionary text which marked the beginning of his boy, and the Hermit with whom he shares his story. the English Romantic movement in literature. The Afterwards, he wanders from land to land, retelling his poem contains events that bear no relationship to their ghastly tale. consequences, events which fail to lead logically to their It will be argued that what connects the death outcome; however, they are related through an acausal of the Albatross to the wandering of the ship, the doom principle. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner tells the story of the Mariner, and finally the death of the crew can of a mariner who, while in the sea with his crew, shoots be explained by Jung’s theory of synchronicity (Jung, an albatross to death for no reason. This event is followed 1952/1973). The principle of synchronicity seems to link by a sudden storm that upsets the crew, who, blaming the causally unrelated events of the poem, and through the everything on the Mariner, makes him wear the albatross archetypes, or primordial images and inherited patterns around his neck as a sign of guilt. Being lost in the sea, of thought, connects them to the collective unconscious they see a ship approaching, but soon their hope changes which comprises in itself those primordial images and into despair as they encounter the characters Death and common psychic experiences (Jung, 1960/1969). This Life-in-Death on board the ghostly ship, and all the crew reading provides a logical basis to what happens in the except the Mariner drop dead at the sight. Wandering story and clarifies the poet’s point when he implies that alone, the Mariner comes to praise the beauty of nature, destruction and disrespect for natural elements coincide and is suddenly released of the spell around his neck. with man’s own destruction. This concurrence of events, TheInternational Mariner’s Journal Way of of Individuation Transpersonal Studies, 34(1-2), 2015,International pp. 45-54 Journal of Transpersonal Studies 45 which lies outside the realm of causality in the physical the psyche and nature (e.g., Jung, 1952/1973; where and material sense, will be justified as an example of synchronicity is presented as an interpretation of synchronicity, the acausal principle that explains how the nature and the psyche), individuation and the Self Mariner and his companions’ perceptions coincide with (Jung, 1951/1968a), dreams and imagination, and the external events and why some events concur without spontaneous occurrence of mental states and external there being a cause. Getting the gradual insight into phenomena as in synchronicity (Jung, 1997). this very fact that he is doomed as long as he disrespects Additionally, in relating the Mariner’s spiritual nature provides the context for the Mariner’s initiation experience, the poem as a characteristic Romantic work into the Jungian process of individuation, which is “the of art seems to portray a preoccupation with mystery, process by which a person becomes a psychological fierce beauty, horror, and the sublime with a recurrent ‘individual’ that is, a separate, indivisible unity or attempt to imply the existence of a transcendental truth ‘whole’” (Jung, 1959/1968b, p. 275). Having obtained and an urge to connect with nature (see Romanticism in an insight into the principle of synchronicity, the Mariner Merriam-Webster, 1995, p. 964) which, as a whole, can becomes aware of how he, as a human, is related to nature be considered as an equivalent to one of the characteristic and forms a part of a greater system which happens to features of synchronicity: numinosity. As a spiritual be thoroughly connected. He takes on the mission of concept present in Jung’s psychology, the numinous can spreading his new found knowledge: respect nature, for be identified with emotional charge, terror, the divine, we are all like one single soul spread through various and the mysterious, resulting in a sense of unity with bodies and connected through an acausal principle. the universe that can be felt and attained through the The Rime of the Ancient Mariner lends itself to an experience of synchronistic events. Main (2004, p. 181) analytical psychological reading since, as Jung believed, pointed to Jung’s interview with Mircea Eliade in 1952, art is a psychological activity, and the aspect of art that is where Jung stated that “religious experience is numinous, a product of the process of artistic creation can be studied as Rudolf Otto calls it, and for me as a psychologist, in terms of psychology (Jung, 1953/1984, p. 65). There this experience differs from all others in the way it are primordial images lying behind the imagery of art, transcends the ordinary categories of space, time and and being symbolic, art has its source in the collective causality,” and that synchronicity “closely resembles unconscious (Jung, 1953/1984, p. 80). Based on these numinous experiences where space, time, and causality perspectives, it is therefore postulated that there are are abolished” (McGuire & Hull, 1978, p. 230). Thus, events, symbols, and images in The Rime of the Ancient his theory of synchronicity aligns with Jung’s focus on Mariner that may have archetypal significance, each the numinous and the mysterious (Main, 2004, p. 174). functioning as a medium connecting psychic states of This analysis, drawing upon Jung, aims at the characters with the external events. All these events providing a deeper insight into the poem along with and psychological states offer an opportunity for the illuminating the principle of synchronicity and its Mariner to get an insight into his own self, and finally, to relationship to the concepts of collective unconscious form a whole personality which has brought the personal and individuation in the poem. First, the theory of and collective unconscious into consciousness. synchronicity will be introduced, followed by its Moreover, being a Romantic poem, The Rime application to the poem and instances from the poem’s of the Ancient Mariner lends itself to a Jungian analysis images and events which indicate the existence of an since Romanticism and Jung’s depth psychology seem acausal relationship between events in nature and to share a great number of concerns (see Jung, 1997; man’s life. Illuminating the archetypal significance of Romanticism in Merriam-Webster, 1995, p. 964). First the poem’s imagery and symbols helps with explaining of all, as a characteristic Romantic poet, Coleridge highly both the synchronistic phenomena and the psychological regarded imagination, which also seemed to be a pivotal relationship between the inner world of the protagonist concept for Jung.
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