Frond Forum Florida Native Society Cuplet Chapter :: Seminole County

Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020

2020–21 Board President: Get to Know Your New Board Members Mark Kateli Vice President: Jennifer Hopton-Villalobos—I grew up in Barbara Whittier Lake Helen (West Volusia County) and I’ve VP of Programs: Vacant lived in a few places within central Florida. Secretary: Thinking about childhood, it was definitely Stacy Klema taken for granted. I spent much of my time Treasurer: on my grandparents’ and great grandparents’ Susan Blount-Angermeier property, on an almost self-sustaining farm. Chapter Representative (interim): Mark Kateli I spent most of my time outside playing Director-at-Large: and eating in an orange grove, vineyard, Cali Adams blueberry orchard, great grandma’s personal Gia Leigh Ekdahl Jennifer Hopton-Villalobos garden, blackberry patches, ponds, horses, cattle pasture, amongst a large flock of 2020–21 Committees geese, chickens, bees, even peacocks, not to Website: mention the terrifying hogs. There was also Mark Kateli Website (advisory): undeveloped land. That was always where Ken Bell we favored. I have countless fond memories Membership: within the varied Florida habitats the Christine Brown property possessed. Youth Eco Camp Ambassador: Barbara Whittier Education: My children reawakened my love of nature. I am a collector of , a phytophile, Neta Villalobos-Bell Photo and introduction courtesy of Mark Kateli and have been growing them for my entire Jennifer Publicity: life, but at my current residence, I’ve had 12 Jan Mangos years to experiment, intimately observe growing cycles, in my yard and natural Marketing: Chris Calder Florida land next to me. I’ve grown a collection that I am now aggressively Social Media: integrating native flora within, with big plans to create habitat in my yard with Stacy Klema native plants and trees. Kristin Sloan-Brown Jennifer Hopton-Villalobos I am volunteering with FNPS Cuplet Fern Chapter as the invasive plant removal Jennifer Ferrell coordinator and have been attending removals at Spring Hammock Preserve. Newsletter: My other volunteer work with Cuplet Fern is at Seminole IFAS for the Florida Kathleen Poole Friendly Landscape demonstration garden, and I help out with Cuplet Fern social media.

Continued on next page Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020

Get to Know Your New Board Members—continued My goals as Cuplet Fern Director are to continue and expand with my current efforts and encourage and facilitate others to turn their property into a habitat for wildlife and volunteer in restoration projects including starting their own community efforts to restore public lands and waterways. I also want to learn how WE as citizens can reduce growth and where growth is inevitable, work with the government and developers to do it in a way that reduces destruction of habitat and integrates native flora where possible. We need an army of native plant ambassadors to go out and save Florida!

Gia Leigh Ekdahl—I started my native plant journey as a gardening enthusiast with a love of the outdoors. I spent a lot of time camping in my youth, and the woods became my happy place. I always felt at peace in nature. Until about 3 years ago, I was a traditional gardener, and pined over unusual tropical plants and flowers. I never knew gardening with native plants was a thing! When I heard a fellow gardener talk about her excitement over native porterweed, I was intrigued. To combine my love of natural Florida with gardening sounded too good to be true. My research on the topic led me to find a whole community of people who garden with Florida native plants. They led me to the Florida Native Plant Society (FNPS). My interest intensified, and now there’s no going back to the kind of gardener I once was. Before I gardened for just beauty. Now I garden for that, as well as wildlife, conservation efforts, and habitat restoration. Photo and introduction courtesy of Gia

Cali Adams—I’m a lifelong Seminole county Florida native, and I live within our rural boundary and get to enjoy a very diverse and natural environment in my own yard. I went to school for Early Childhood Education, and worked as a preschool teacher for a few years before returning to staying at home as a mom of two young children. These days I spend my time tending my gardens, playing and teaching my kids, making art and learning new techniques to use, and living rural life out in the woods. The reason I got interested in native plants is all thanks to the land my husband and I inherited, 5 acres of scrubby woods! I found gardening to be difficult at first with traditional plants, so I began learning more about natives and now I am absolutely passionate about habitat restoration and gardening for wildlife. I especially love supporting wildlife, and aim to teach my kids and others about being good stewards to the environment Photo and introduction courtesy of around us. Cali

- 2 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020 Cuplet Fern Wins Bat BnB Contest!

The bat box was donated to UF/IFAS Seminole County’s Florida Friendly Landscape (FFL)

By Mark Kateli, Cuplet Fern President Cuplet Fern chapter won a nonprofit contest This particular model can hold up to 120 bats. where our chapter was nominated to receive a The artisan bat box is made in the USA using free Bat BnB! Retailing at over $200, we donated sustainably sourced western red cedar and stainless this wonderful prize to our county partner, the steel hardware to ensure resistance to corrosion, rot, University of Florida’s Institute of Food and and wood-boring bugs. As stated earlier, multiple Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) in Sanford. The Bat BnBs tend to attract occupancy faster. The best Florida Friendly Landscape (FFL) over there already time to purchase and install them is springtime has a bat box on property before reproduction. They can be mounted on a pole but according to Bat BnB, or on the side of a building (instructions for either the more bat houses on are included). property, the higher the chances of bat occupancy. The Lubee Bat Conservancy hosts three Florida native species: big brown bats, evening bats, and Bat BnB states the a southeastern myotis for the public to view following about their (including many other bat species from across the products: “Bat BnB is a world). Back in 2018, five chapters participated in comfortable, safe, and an interchapter field trip to Lubee-Ixia led by Cate stylish home for bats. By Hurlbut, Tarflower led by Pete Dunkelberg, Cuplet putting one up in your Fern led by Mark Kateli, Lake Beautyberry led by yard, you’ll offer a habitat Pat Burgos, and Paynes Prairie led by Mark Elliott for an animal in need, where 40 attendees showed up including the late Dr. while also leveraging their Mark Whitten. pest eating abilities to The ‘Seneca’ model featuring significantly reduce the dual bat chambers from Bat number of mosquitoes BnB. and garden pests in your area. You’ll also do your part in educating friends and neighbors as to the value bats bring to the ecosystem, and how silly it is to be afraid of these great little guys.”

According to the Florida Museum, there are 13 recognized species of bats that live in Florida with a few more that are vagrant. Two of the recognized species happen to be endangered in our state. They are all insectivores (no native ones are pollinators). Our native bats eat moths, flies, dragonflies, beetles, A “Sky Puppy” as quoted by University of Florida’s Florida Museum via Instagram. Photo wasps, ants, mosquitoes and more. They are capable of a (Florida native) brazillian freetailed bat, of eating their body-weight in insects every night. Tadarida brasiliensis, by Angel Soto-Centeno. - 3 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020

The Journey to Restore Lake Helen— Part 1

Photos courtesy of Save Lake Helen Lake Committee. Article By Jennifer Hopton-Villalobos Lake Helen is the name of a city and the principal (FWC) to raise funds and receive professional lake in the area. Both were named after the daughter support. Joe joined University of Florida’s (UF) of its founder, Henry DeLand. LakeWatch program and sent in water samples. The team worked on gaining membership for financial Part 1 covers the ordeal to get Lake Helen on the support and eventually, volunteer efforts. In the path to restoration. Part 2 will cover the progress beginning of the project, it was Joe, Joy Taylor, that has been made and will be published in the David Robertson, James Evans, and Tod Preston. next Frond Forum. Each individual brought unique skills to the project and participated jointly in these efforts.

In the summer of 2019, I began volunteering— jumping in chest-deep mucky, stinky water and pulling out armfuls of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) and Peruvian primrose (Ludwigia peruviana). We piled them up into mountains in the middle of summer. It was intimidating and appeared absolutely impossible. On the first day I volunteered, I thought there was just too much! We had a forest of shrubs above the water and a ‘green spaghetti bowl’ of hydrilla below. And I still didn’t know how terrible torpedo grass (Panicum repens) would be later on. As land and waterways continue to deteriorate, it seems more individuals want solutions. Clean-up events are becoming commonplace—which only highlights an underlying environmental problem. I wanted to do more and I found myself in the middle of a lake restoration project in the city I grew up in—and one my family has been a part of for 60+ years.

A small group of 6 (previously 7) citizens have been fighting to continue a lake restoration project The lake had been ignored for 40 years. The that has been in the works for 4 years. Joseph invasives must have started off just a small problem ‘Joe’ Hammet started the Save Lake Helen Lake that no one predicted what they would grow into. Committee to honor a mayoral campaign promise That’s how all of the invasive weeds start out in any he had made—to fix the dying lake. This was not a region. It’s a closed lake, so perhaps a few segments job to do without experts. Much of the beginning of hydrilla found their way in with a canoe or a involved lobbying governmental agencies such as the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Continued on next page

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The Journey to Restore Lake Helen— Part 1—continued plant metabolism. People think, ‘it kills a plant, it must be poisonous,’ yet many things harmless to one lifeform kills another due to differences in biology. There are herbicides that will kill grass and not shrubs and vice versa. People find their professions, they gain education and experience, and they assume those who didn’t dedicate years learning their profession will respect the fact that they know their job. There is a huge lack of trust well-meaning citizen planted a shrub with pretty in science when it doesn’t meet an individual’s yellow flowers (hello Peruvian primrose!). As for the personal bias. The internet has allowed many to torpedo grass, I can’t imagine anyone intentionally spread misinformation and it happens for a plethora planting it, but it was introduced as a foraging crop of other reasons. According to every expert we’ve in the late 1800’s, which explains why this villain had the pleasure to work with and get advice from at exists in an old farming community. The other Lake Helen, there is no easy solution and herbicides intruders were paragrass (Urochloa mutica) and are a necessary tool to accomplish restoration—not Cuban bulrush (Cyperus blepharoleptos) along something that they choose to do without good with many more invasive plant species on the reason. Wildlife is always considered. These are residents’ properties (golden rain tree, camphor tree, aquatic formulations that have been tested and if caesarweed). An attempt was made to do something used according to the label, will not harm wildlife. in the mid 1980s, but it was incomplete and the invasive weeds regained their footing. “Nature” can’t fix these man made problems. The lake and water sources have been further exploited—as more houses were built around it, Lake Helen got surrounded by more invasive plants on private property than natives over time. While riding an airboat around the lake, I realized that homeowners were going to need to become good stewards of the lake they live next to.

Why would we be fighting to restore a lake? Why would anyone want to hinder something like that? Our committee offered free labor! Additionally, we were doing a dirty job that we successfully completed at all planned goals to date.

Public controversy, and push-back was partly due to the application of herbicides. Herbicides have been created through scientific advancement. Advanced knowledge of plant biochemistry has allowed these The story continues in the next issue of the Frond formulations to be created. Herbicides disrupt Forum

- 5 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020 Book Review—‘Wilding’ by Isabella Tree

Article by Christine Brown Of course, laws, rules and regulations from the likes of the Dept. for Environment, Food and Rural What would happen if we let nature Affairs, and the EU Common Agricultural Policy manage itself, instead of trying had to be taken into account. But with help and to micromanage the landscape advice from ecologists, naturalists, English Nature, for human benefit? Isabella Tree the British Trust for Ornithology, the Woodland soon found out when she and her Trust and the Wildlife Trusts, and grants from the husband, Charlie Burrell, decided to likes of the Countryside Stewardship Scheme, they stop farming on his ancestral estate embarked on eliminating chemicals, restoring the in Sussex, England. ‘We walked knee- soil and encouraging native plants. deep through ox-eye daisies, bird’s foot trefoil, ragged robin, knapweed, red clover, lady’s Any of you with an HOA will understand the bedstraw, crested dog’s tail and sweet vernal grass, reaction of the neighbours! People were used to kicking up clouds of butterflies—common blues, the English countryside being neat and tidy, with meadow browns, ringlets, marbled whites, small ploughed fields bordered by hedgerows or fences, and Essex skippers, and grasshoppers, hoverflies and so they were not happy with the unkempt land that all sorts of bumblebees.’ They hadn’t known they soon emerged. had been missing the low-level surround sound thrumming of insects. Even more concern was voiced when large herbivores were introduced. Isabella and Charlie You may be familiar with the Wildlands Network wanted to mimic the original, but sadly now extinct, here, which in 1991 embarked on an initiative to animals such as aurochs (ox) and tarpan (horse), so reconnect, restore, and rewild North America so they used ancient breeds such as longhorn cattle that life in all its diversity can thrive. Instructive and Exmoor ponies, and Tamwoth pigs to represent is the story of what happened when wolves were wild boar, together with the native deer. reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Following their predation of the herbivores such as Large predators such as European wolves and lynx elk, vegetation was allowed to regrow to the extent are another matter however, and would be too that rivers were restored to their original courses. problematic in the sleepy English countryside. You will be aware of the perceived problems caused North America still has large expanses of natural by wolves in the American west! So to control landscapes. But what do you do in England which the populations of the large herbivores they have has been heavily cultivated for centuries? The farm developed a ‘Wild Range’ organic meat business on the Knepp Estate, 3500 acres of arable and dairy, which brings in extra income. was struggling to survive and make a profit in the late nineties. The decision to stop farming was Sometimes it was hard to sit on their hands and let hard, especially for the staff who had to be laid off, nature take control. A case in point was the ‘yellow and the herds and farm machinery had to be sold. peril’, or common ragwort, long vilified by livestock However, the decision to restore the land as close as owners as a poisonous plant. When it flourished possible to its original state became a positive and at Knepp, the outrage was enormous. But research fascinating project. shows that ragwort seeds seldom travel more than Continued on next page

- 6 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020 Teen Experience with Cuplet Fern Chapter

By Julia St. John, high school student, daughter of Rebekah St. John I had the pleasure of volunteering at the Garden So many people were willing to learn about native Expo on February 22nd. I wrote a brochure about plants—I saw smiling faces everywhere, and the native plants, excited to try my hand at encouraging cool weather and sunshine more people to plant native. invigorated the visitors. Many exiting the garden I borrowed a table would turn to me to say that from the extension they got ideas for their own center, and set garden. it up next to the path leading to the The garden itself is neat but garden. Nervous, diverse. Two days before, I had volunteered to help though I was, to be make the garden spic and span before the Expo. the only face at the Weeding and spreading pine straw over the ground table, I managed is officially a great way to start the day! to remember enough information to satisfy most passersby. The wind made for an added challenge, as All in all, people really seemed to enjoy it, and I’m I had to chase after my brochures more than once! glad I took this opportunity. I would recommend the Garden Expo to anyone thinking of coming next year.

Book Review—‘Wilding’ by Isabella Tree—continued 36 metres from the plant, and so they cut a 100 There is a fascinating 15 minute video tour of the metre strip, as recommended by DEFRA, around estate which you can access at https://youtu.be/mP3- certain sensitive areas. TsRRSys

A happier outcome was letting sallow (goat willow and grey willow) flourish, which led to an increase in the scarce and elusive purple emperor butterfly for which sallow is a host plant.

The end result was an increase in many species of native plants, invertebrates and vertebrates, including the beloved but rapidly declining turtle dove. Such was their success that they are now a destination for wildlife enthusiasts of all types, and Postscript: Wild white storks hatched in the UK for run glamping stays and safari tours from the estate. the first time in hundreds of years. The birds were born in one of three nests at the Knepp estate in West Sussex as part of a breeding project.

- 7 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020 Lawton Environmental Study Area in Oviedo

Images and article by Jennifer Ferrell Tucked away added native bushes and wildflowers. Once the behind T.W. Lawton area was given the chance, native grasses and Elementary in Oviedo, groundcovers filled the open paths. Florida is an outdoor learning center called Community involvement is an integral part of LESA Gardens (Lawton LESA. Students of all ages and service groups can Environmental earn volunteer service hours. Many scouts have Study Area). LESA done projects to earn Eagle, Silver, or Gold awards. began offering Seminole County Master Gardeners are involved in students a unique educational programs, work days, and have donated outdoor education native plants. experience in 2000. A collaboration of The Lawton Environmental Study Area is now a teachers, students, and local businesses transformed two-acre outdoor classroom that includes areas a swampy wetland area next to the playground into dedicated to native plants and bees, bat houses, a learning pavilion, boardwalk, and butterfly garden. butterfly habitats, vegetable gardening, composting, Unfortunately, over time LESA was neglected and hydroponics, chickens, interactive sensory gardens, was rarely used by the school. a wetland pond, a weather station, and teaching areas throughout. Students can learn outside with By 2014, much of the area was overrun with curriculum-based lessons, and also get to come in invasive caesarweed, air potato vines, and skunk during recess or PE. Connecting young children vines. Invasive grasses, Peruvian primrose willow, with nature has many documented benefits, and has and water hyacinth filled the pond. That summer, shown to create future environmental stewards. volunteers became passionate about the neglected LESA Gardens, and it was revitalized and expanded. If you are interested in taking a tour of LESA, or They removed many of the invasive plants and in volunteering, contact Jen Ferrell at jenbferrell@ yahoo.com.

- 8 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020 Invasive Plant Removal Days at Spring Hammock

Photos and article courtesy of Kristin Brown, Senior Instagram Editor

Videos from January and February of these removals are available through our YouTube channel.

When early Florida residents imported a sturdy, fibrous plant to ensure a supply of cord material, they surely had no idea what they started. No longer needed for its fiber, Cesar Weed Urena( lobata) was left to spread rampantly. And spread it did.

In January, the Cuplet Fern Chapter partnered with Ideas for Us and Seminole County Natural Lands Program to remove invasive cesarweed from the entrance area to Spring Hammock Preserve in Longwood, Florida.

Jena Pell with Natural Lands thankfully showed us what we now call the “burrito method.” After cutting the plants and carefully removing them for disposal, she showed us how to pile them up on tarps. Once full, we wrapped them up like a burrito to dump them in large bags.

The process did not come without its hazards! Thanks to the burdock-like seed pods, it was messy and often painful. Pulling these off clothing and out of our hair required proper disposal, so as not to encourage new plants.

The day was such a success, we did it again in February! We have plans to keep this going monthly, based on the enthusiasm and success of the event so far. Want to join us? Subscribe to the Cuplet Fern Chapter on Facebook or Instagram to get updates on this and all community outreach events.

- 9 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020 Tosohatchee Wildlife Management Area—Land Management Review

Article and photos courtesy of Stacy Klema, Cuplet Fern Board Member This land management review happened in January. maintenance. Currently, there are four students Please follow and adhere to CDC guidelines who spray for exotic species and each do this for pertaining to the public health crisis at this time. 20 hours a week. Prescribed burning, which is a vital practice to keep native plants as the dominant species, is performed on over 18,000 acres. 4,000 acres are burned annually. This daunting process involves a highly skilled gentleman, roller-cropping the area first in and around the giant longleaf pine trees (Pinus palustris). The area is then given 6 months for the debris to dry and turn into tinder. This timeframe also allows smaller pines that did get chopped a chance to heal the top of their roots, strengthen, and be ready for the upcoming Late this past January, a two-day land management fire. With constant public use and varying wind review was performed at Tosohatchee Wildlife directions, this is quite an accomplishment for the Management Area—a 30,701 acre property located manager, Tom O’Neil. in Orange County. Every five years the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission evaluate Tosohatchee is home to close to 100 Florida- the property, along with representatives from endangered hand ( palmata syn. Florida Fish and Wildlife, Forestry and the Florida Ophioglossum palmatum), growing in old bases Native Plant Society. It is our job to document the of cabbage palmetto (). A survey land use, management practices, make suggestions of the entire property was done to document the and applaud efforts. With this particular review, locations and there are plans to repeat this survey. we found a lot of great things happening on the property. The Land Management review revealed some other exciting ongoings inside Tosohatchee. Bears have Tsohatchee been known to pass through the area, but recently encompasses a female has taken up permanent residence. This close to a dozen has led to changes, including bear proof garbage natural Florida facilities. One of the more fascinating reveals was communities. Some that of a World War II airplane crash site. Area of these include archaeologists, historians and park staff have scrubby flatwoods, been recovering artifacts, some completely intact. bay gall, floodplain Cadaver dogs brought in were able to smell the marsh and swamp, remains of the victims in the plants growing on top mesic flatwoods and of the crash. The staff is still secretive regarding the hydric hammocks. Keeping these areas as close to location, but plans for a memorial in the park are in native as possible requires constant attention and the works.

Continued on next page

- 10 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020

Tosohatchee Wildlife Management Area—Land Management Review—continued

Tosohatchee WMA is a wonderful representation of natural Florida. Tom O’Neil and his staff work extra hard to make sure of this and that effort shows. The countless species and general public are fortunate to have such a place available.

Find Us Online! Members report volunteer hours. Seminole IFAS Master Gardener’s https://www.instagram.com/cupletfern.fnps Program continuing education hours eligible!

https://www.facebook.com/cupletfernfnps

https://www.flickr.com/photos/158736579@N02/

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFUrLQz1A2ymKCNYmx6hyTg

Membership & Renewal Online https://www.fnps.org/forms1/membershipform?/join

- 11 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020

Upcoming Meetings—All meetings are held at the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension Office, 250 W County Home Road, Sanford, FL 32773 and are free and open to the public. Florida Native Plants are available at all meetings for a donation to our camp scholarships. We are a casual group. Pull up a chair, enjoy the program, and support kids with a donation! For updates or clarifications closer to the time, visit our website, check out our Facebook page, or call us at (352)658-3677 for more information.

Due to COVID-19, meetings have been postponed. Join us for online at cupletfern.fnpschapters.org.

Manage Yard Pests Responsibly with Integrated Seminole Natural Lands Program and CISMA: Pest Managment An Overview July 13, 2020, 7PM August 10, 2020, 7PM Presentation by Tina McIntyre Presentation by Allegra Buyer and Amanda Lindsay Tina McIntyre is a Cuplet Fern member and Allegra Buyer is the Natural Resources Program Seminole IFAS Florida Friendly Landscaping Agent. Coordinator for Seminole Natural Lands Program. Join us for this informative presentation on how to Amanda Lindsay is the senior biologist at the UCF properly handle pests in your yard. You will learn Arboretum. Join us as they provide an overview how to create an effective defense against pests of projects and services by the Lands Program while minimizing your impact on the environment. and Central Florida Cooperative Invasive Species Management Areas (CISMA).

Upcoming Webinars and Webisodes—Recent events have not discontinued our educational outreach on Florida native plants and our environment. Please check out our main page on our website at cupletfern. fnpschapters.org for an ongoing schedule of seminars, virtual field trips to exciting locations, garden chats, and table talk discussions that will be certain to keep you engaged and inspired with Florida native plants.

Upcoming Field Trips and Activities—Most field trips are free and open to the public. Please call (352)658-3677 for reservations in case we need to change the schedule or location. Also, some venues have limits on the number of people that may be accommodated.

Due to COVID-19, field trips are changing. Please stay informed through the End-of-Month (EOM) emails.

- 12 - Frond Forum Florida Native Plant Society :: Cuplet Fern Chapter :: Seminole County Volume 10, Number 2 :: April – September 2020

10 Year Anniversary! Cuplet Fern is planning special member experiences during this year to be enjoyed as we celebrate this momentous year in our history. We plan a diverse selection and will creatively offer them around these uncertain times. The 10 year anniversary is an excellent time to refer friends and family to Cuplet Fern so they can experience these special offers with you!

Remember, we can’t predict when the global pandemic will finally pass, but we take comfort in knowing that gathering together for experiences is a staple of society. Together, we will move through this turbulent time to see countless events happen in more facets. Cuplet Fern will be here to create those indelible memories.

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