DOCSLIB.ORG

Special Cases

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Special Cases SPECIAL CASES THE BAHAMAS other legal benefits, migrant workers usually do SPECIAL CASES not have access to these protections, which makes Limited data suggest a possible labor trafficking them more vulnerable to coercive practices. Current problem in The Bahamas. The Bahamas remains Bahamian law also provides that a legal work permit a special case for a third consecutive year because is issued directly and exclusively to a local employer, the presence of large numbers of undocumented who has the ability to cancel the permit and require migrants in the country continues to raise concerns a migrant to return home – an area of reported abuse that there may be a significant number of trafficking and concern about labor trafficking activity. Last year, victims in need of assistance. While the government the government did not investigate or prosecute any has been pro-active by collaborating with IOM on trafficking cases. a draft anti-trafficking bill and engaging in anti-traf- ficking training efforts, a more effective government The government has an interagency group to response would include enactment of national anti- address trafficking concerns, and has assigned a trafficking laws and greater efforts to protect victims, priority to the passage of anti-trafficking legislation. particularly development of a pre-deportation Overall services for trafficking victims, however, mechanism to identify possible trafficking victims remain extremely limited. The Bahamas operates among undocumented migrants and detainees. no specialized trafficking shelters, although domes- Increased anti-trafficking training for government tic violence services could be expanded to cover officials also would assist the government’s efforts. women and child trafficking victims. NGOs and faith-based organizations working with undocu- Scope and Magnitude. The Bahamas may be a mented migrants have expressed a willingness to destination and transit country for men, women, assist trafficking victims despite concerns about and children trafficked for the purposes of forced their security, but the government lacks an effective labor and commercial sexual exploitation. A large referral mechanism. The government also has no proportion of the country’s population consists of established mechanism for identifying trafficking undocumented Haitian immigrants, with estimates victims among vulnerable populations, particularly ranging from 30,000 to 60,000, some of whom immigration detainees. The Bahamas has not rati- may be subjected to conditions of involuntary fied the 2000 UN TIP Protocol. servitude. Although most of these migrants arrive voluntarily in The Bahamas to work as domestic BARBADOS servants, gardeners, construction workers, and agri- cultural laborers, many are reported to be exploited Barbados remains a special case for a second by Bahamian employers who can coerce them to consecutive year due to a sustained lack of adequate work long hours for no pay by withholding docu- information indicating a significant number of traf- ments or threatening arrest and deportation. Past ficking victims within the country. However, limited media reports indicate that a limited number of reporting continues to suggest the existence of some women and girls from Jamaica and other countries human trafficking in Barbados. Although reliable may be trafficked to The Bahamas for commercial data from either the government or international sexual exploitation. organizations remains lacking, the Government of Barbados has been proactive in prosecuting a few Government Efforts. Official recognition of human suspected traffickers and making efforts to prevent trafficking concerns and the need to enact anti- new incidents of trafficking. A more effective govern- trafficking legislation increased in The Bahamas last ment response would include enactment of national year, in addition to awareness of the need to balance anti-trafficking laws and greater efforts to protect vigorous enforcement of immigration laws with victims, particularly development of a pre-deporta- protecting undocumented migrants from exploita- tion mechanism for identifying trafficking victims tion. To further advance its anti-trafficking efforts, among undocumented migrants and detainees. the government should investigate the potential scope of the problem and continue to work with Scope and Magnitude. Anecdotal information its legislature to pass a comprehensive law crimi- suggests that Barbados may be a destination and nalizing all forms of human trafficking, including transit country for men, women, and children forced labor and domestic servitude. Under current trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual Bahamian law, Title X of its Statute Law can be exploitation and forced labor. Some internal traffick- used to prosecute traffickers for sexual exploitation ing of children into prostitution may be facilitated offenses. These provisions carry penalties up to eight by victims’ families. Reports indicate that women years’ imprisonment, which are sufficiently stringent and girls from Guyana, the Dominican Republic, and commensurate with penalties for other grave and other Caribbean islands may be trafficked to crimes, such as rape. Trafficking for forced labor Barbados for sexual exploitation in strip clubs and is not prohibited. While The Bahamas has well- brothels, as well as for domestic servitude. Some developed civil labor laws that guarantee workers migrants, mostly men from China, India, and a minimum wage, maximum working hours, and Guyana, may be subjected to conditions of forced 267 labor in construction and other sectors. Barbados conditions exist that could possibly make Botswana also may be a sex tourism destination. a country of transit to South Africa. Botswana has long, porous borders that are difficult to moni- Government Efforts. While Barbados has no tor. It also has many residents who are potentially specific law prohibiting human trafficking, existing susceptible to trafficking, such as illegal immigrants statutes against sexual offenses and forced labor from Zimbabwe, unemployed men and women, have been used to prosecute some trafficking-related those living in rural poverty, agricultural workers crimes. In past years, the government initiated pros- in remote areas, and many children orphaned by ecutions against a small number of alleged traffickers, HIV/AIDS. To combat trafficking effectively, the SPECIAL CASES although it often deported foreign victim witnesses government should consider drafting and enacting for immigration violations before they could assist laws that prohibit all forms of human trafficking, with the government’s prosecutions. Many of these and launch a public awareness campaign to educate cases were later dismissed due to lack of victim testi- all Batswana -- particularly women, children, and mony. In 2007, regional security forces dismantled traditional leaders -- on the nature and dangers of a sex trafficking ring destined for Barbados, which human trafficking. involved child victims as young as 13- and 14-years- old from China, Russia, and other Caribbean Scope and Magnitude. Botswana may be a source, countries. Regional police officers from the Royal transit, and destination country for men, women, Canadian Mounted Police, along with Barbadian and children trafficked for forced labor and sexual security forces, indicated that the main organizers of exploitation. One local NGO received reports from the ring were from Barbados and Guyana. No arrests Batswana women that they were forced to provide or prosecutions in connection with this case have sexual services to tourists at some safari lodges; been reported. In another case, a local court convicted however, no complaints have been lodged with an India-based construction company for trafficking law enforcement officials. Parents in marginalized 14 Indian nationals into Barbados in 2005, and fined rural communities give their children to better-off the company $1,000. Prosecutors had attempted families for employment as domestics in towns or to secure a heavier punishment, but their case was herders at remote cattle posts, where these children weakened when the company sent the workers are vulnerable to abuse, including sexual exploita- home before they could assist with the government’s tion. Children engaged to work as domestics are investigation. Additional anti-trafficking training – typically promised schooling, but rarely receive it especially for law enforcement, immigration, and and often work long hours without compensation. labor personnel -- could assist Barbadian officials Many Batswana households employ Zimbabwean to identify victims and to provide support. During women as domestic workers, often without proper the reporting period, the government increased work permits or the adequate payment of wages. collaboration with NGOs, and took steps to raise The passports of these workers are often held by public awareness of human trafficking by organizing the employer on the pretext of obtaining legal anti-trafficking public forums and workshops. documents or to avoid being robbed, creating the potential for coercion and abuse of the legal system Although the number of trafficking victims in that can lead to trafficking. Isolated cases of debt Barbados may be limited, victim protection servic- bondage have been reported, as well as the traf- es, specifically targeting trafficking victims, are not ficking of Zimbabwean nurses and teachers into readily available; the government relies on NGOs domestic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brunei Darussalam
    Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Brunei Darussalam Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration 166 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM A!ecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration A!ecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 167 Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration 168 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM A!ecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration A!ecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 169 Table of Contents A. OVERVIEW 173 D. ABUSE AND DISCRIMINATION IN MIGRATION 201 1. Description of the Problem 202 B. VIOLENCE 175 a. Prevalence of Abuse and 1. Description of the Problem 175 Discrimination in Migration 202 a. Prevalence of Violence 175 b. Root Causes of Abuse and Discrimination b. Root Causes of Violence and in Migration and Aggravating Practices 203 Aggravating Practices 178 c. Impact of Abuse and Discrimination c. Impact of Violence 179 in Migration 203 2. De Jure State Responses 180 2. De Jure State Responses 203 a. Bases of State Responsibility 180 a. Bases of State Responsibility 203 b. National Policies against Violence 181 b. National Policies Against Abuse c. Assessment of State Policies 183 and Discrimination in Migration 204 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Narratives
    COUNTRY NARRATIVES Country narratives 55 aware that they are carrying explosives that are then set aFGHANISTAN off remotely without their knowledge. some child soldiers (tier 2 Watch List) used by insurgent groups were sexually exploited. Boys are sometimes promised enrollment in islamic schools in afghanistan is a source, transit, and destination country Pakistan and iran, but instead are trafficked to camps for for men, women, and children subjected to trafficking in paramilitary training by extremist groups. persons, specifically forced labor and forced prostitution. trafficking within afghanistan is more prevalent than the Government of afghanistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of AFGHANISTAN transnational trafficking, and the majority of victims are children. afghan boys and girls are trafficked within the trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts country for forced prostitution and forced labor in brick to do so. Despite these efforts, such as the continued kilns, carpet-making factories, and domestic service. referral of identified trafficking victims to care facilities, Forced begging is a growing problem in afghanistan; the government did not show evidence of increasing Mafia groups organize professional begging rings. afghan efforts over the previous year. specifically, the afghan boys are subjected to forced prostitution and forced government did not prosecute or convict trafficking labor in the drug smuggling industry in Pakistan and offenders under its 2008 law, and punished victims iran. afghan women and girls are subjected to forced of sex trafficking with imprisonment for adultery or prostitution, forced marriages—including through prostitution. afghanistan is therefore placed on tier 2 forced marriages in which husbands force their wives Watch List.
    [Show full text]
  • Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: a Baseline Study Table of Contents
    Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Table of Contents Research Team 3 Gratitude and acknowledgement 4 The Human Rights Resource Centre 5 Foreword 6 Limitations of this report 7 Executive Summary 9 Synthesis 19 Annex 113 Brunei Darussalam 165 Cambodia 213 Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Published by Human Rights Resource Centre Human Rights Resource Centre University of Indonesia - Depok Campus Guest House Complex (next to Gedung Vokasi) Depok Indonesia 16424 Phone/Fax : (62 21) 786 6720 Email: [email protected] Web: www.hrrca.org This publication may be freely used, quoted, reproduced, translated or distributed in part or in full by any non-profit organisation provided copyright is acknowledged and no fees or charges are made. ISBN: 978-602-17986-0-7 3 Research Team Editors The research assistants: Professor David Cohen Judelyn Macapili (HRRC Adviser, University of California, Berkeley). (The Philippines Commission on Human Rights Region IX) Dr. Kevin Tan Muhammad Subarkah Syafruddin (HRRC Governing Board Member, National University (Faculty of Law University of Indonesia) of Singapore. Natalia Rialucky Tampubolon Faith Suzzette Delos Reyes-Kong (Faculty of Law University of Indonesia) (Team Leader of the Baseline Study, Lawyer & Researcher, Wong Li Ru ECCC Trial Monitor for AIJI ). (Singapore Management University) Country Researchers Sovanna Sek HRRC: (Cambodia) Marzuki Darusman Ranyta Yusran Prof. Dr. Harkristuti Harkrisnowo, SH, MA, Ph.D (Centre for International Law, National University Rully Sandra of Singapore) Ati Suryadi Ismail Jaclyn Ling-Chien Neo (J.SD Candidate, Yale Law School-National University Singapore School of Law) Hnin Wut Yee (Myanmar) Delphia Lim (LL.M Candidate, Harvard Law School) Francis Tom F.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Work and the Law in Asia and the Pacific — UNDP
    SEX WORK AND THE LAW IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SEX WORK AND THE LAW IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC THE AND ASIA IN LAW THE AND WORK SEX Empowered lives. Resilient nations. United Nations Development Programme UNDP Asia-Paci c Regional Centre United Nations Service Building, 3rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] Tel: +66 (0)2 304-9100 Fax: +66 (0)2 280-2700 Web: http://asia-paci c.undp.org/ October 2012 Empowered lives. Resilient nations. The information contained in this report is drawn from multiple sources including consultation responses, an extensive literature review and expert inputs. While every effort has been taken to ensure accuracy at the time of publication, errors or omissions may have occurred. Laws, policies and law enforcement practices are constantly changing. It is hoped that the report will provide a baseline of information, to inform more detailed efforts at country level to build an accurate and complete evidence base to inform efforts to address the health and human rights of sex workers. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or UN Member States. UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. Copyright © UNDP 2012 ISBN: 978-974-680-343-4 United Nations Development Programme UNDP Asia-Pacific Regional Centre United Nations Service Building, 3rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] Tel: +66 (0)2 304-9100 Fax: +66 (0)2 280-2700 Web: http://asia-pacific.undp.org/ Design: Ian Mungall/UNDP.
    [Show full text]
  • Human-Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Australia: the Deafening Silence on Demand
    Human-trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Australia: The Deafening Silence on Demand by Lisa Mary Connell Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Faculty of Business and Law Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (April 2012) Abstract Significant resources have been directed at stemming sex-trafficking. Despite this, it continues to flourish. The harm that results from an illicit global industry that nourishes crime, corrupt officials, and opportunistic consumers, is immense. This thesis presents a conceptual framework to consider the complexity, power relationships and reality of sex-trafficking. The thesis describes the extent of, and harms caused by, sex-trafficking internationally and into Australia. It examines international efforts to fight the problem, noting that these encounter two fundamental barriers. The first is that poverty and sex discrimination in source countries generates an ongoing supply of trafficked women. The second in the words of one senior United Nations official is that ‘demand – at least for sexual exploitation – is largely the problem of the developed world ... Sexist attitudes, lifestyles that insult the dignity of women, and expensive media and advertising campaigns that exploit their bodies create a market for gender-based exploitation’ and trafficking (Luiz Carlos Da Costa ). Using an ethical-philosophical approach, the thesis explores fundamental concepts such as power, framing, choice, agency, exploitation, consent, adaptive preferences and the capabilities needed to lead a fully human life. Interviews on the ethical and policy issues with a number scholars, ethicists, criminologists, jurists, senior policy- makers and outstanding contributors to public-policy debates permits the thesis to test and extend its conceptual framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Government Complicity in Human Trafficking: a Review of the State Department's "2002 Trafficking Inersons P Report"
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Human Trafficking: Data and Documents Trafficking at the University of Nebraska 2002 Foreign Government Complicity in Human Trafficking: A Review of the State Department's "2002 Trafficking inersons P Report" U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtraffdata Part of the Inequality and Stratification Commons U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations, "Foreign Government Complicity in Human Trafficking: A Review of the State Department's "2002 Trafficking in Persons Report"" (2002). Human Trafficking: Data and Documents. 28. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtraffdata/28 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking at the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Trafficking: Data and Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FOREIGN GOVERNMENT COMPLICITY IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A REVIEW OF THE STATE DEPARTMENT’S ‘‘2002 TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT’’ HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JUNE 19, 2002 Serial No. 107–105 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/international—relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 80–288PDF WASHINGTON : 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate May 01 2002 12:14 Sep 17, 2002 Jkt 080288 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\FULL\061902\80288 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HENRY J.
    [Show full text]
  • Μone Victim of Trafficking Is One Too Many
    µ2QHYLFWLPRIWUDIILFNLQJLVRQHWRRPDQ\¶ FRXQWLQJWKHKXPDQFRVWRIWUDIILFNLQJ &DVHVRIWUDIILFNLQJLQ$XVWUDOLD GRFXPHQWHGLQ)HE0DUFK )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ ZZZSURMHFWUHVSHFWRUJDX 32%R[ &ROOLQJZRRG 9LF SK ID[ LQIR#SURMHFWUHVSHFWRUJDX 2Q2FWWKH$XVWUDOLDQIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWDQQRXQFHGD PLOOLRQSDFNDJHWRFRPEDWSHRSOHWUDIILFNLQJVD\LQJµRQHYLFWLPRIWUDIILFNLQJ LVRQHWRRPDQ\¶ For more information contact Project Respect, 03 9416 3401, 03 9417 0833 (fax), 1 0408 142 155, <[email protected]>, www.projectrespect.org.au. PO Box 1323, Collingwood, Victoria 3066. µ2QHYLFWLPRIWUDIILFNLQJLVRQHWRRPDQ\¶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
    [Show full text]
  • Legal and Policy Trends Impacting People Living with HIV and Key
    REFERENCE Legal and policy trends Impacting people living with HIV and key populations in Asia and the Pacific 2014–2019 Copyright © 2021 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNAIDS or UNDP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNAIDS and UNDP do not warrant that the information published in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. UNAIDS/JC3000 Legal and policy trends impacting people living with HIV and key populations in Asia and the Pacific 2014–2019 Contents 2 Contents 4 Foreword 6 Introduction 6 An enabling legal environment for ending AIDS by 2030 7 Key populations at the frontline of HIV epidemics in Asia and the Pacific 9 Key developments in the legal environment for HIV responses 9 Comprehensive human rights-based HIV laws 9 India’s first comprehensive national HIV law 10 The Philippines revises its national HIV law 11 Advocacy for comprehensive rights-based HIV laws in Myanmar and Pakistan 11 Enabling legal environments for HIV testing 12 Mandatory HIV testing 13 Independent access to HIV testing for young people 15 Enabling legal environments for pre-exposure prophylaxis 15 Laws affecting people living with HIV 15 Criminalization of HIV transmission 17 HIV-related
    [Show full text]
  • The Cause and Consequence of Human Trafficking: Human Rights Violations
    The Cause and Consequence of Human Trafficking: Human Rights Violations The Cause and Consequence of Human Trafficking: Human Rights Violations Jacquelyn C.A. Meshelemiah and Raven E. Lynch COLUMBUS The Cause and Consequence of Human Trafficking: Human Rights Violations by Jacquelyn Meshelemiah is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Dedication This book is dedicated to “Queen” and every trafficking victim and survivor in the world. I know that you are out there and this book is intended to amplify your voice, describe your horrid experiences and to seek justice and action on your behalf. Human rights are a “right” and not a privilege. Everyone deserves to live freely! “branch” is licensed under CC0 1.0 Contents About the Authors ix Acknowledgements xiii Introduction 1 Preface 3 Overview of Human Trafficking Section 11 Chapter 1: Social Work, Social Justice, 13 Human Rights and Human Trafficking Chapter 2: Landmark Policies in 43 Trafficking in the USA and Trafficking in Persons Ratings Across the Globe Chapter 3: Theories and Human Trafficking 75 Sex Trafficking Section 95 Chapter 4: Sex Trafficking 97 Chapter 5: The Weaponization of Drugs 127 Labor Trafficking Section 143 Chapter 6: Labor Trafficking and Supply 145 Chain Transparency Various Forms of Human Trafficking 183 Section Chapter 7: Child Brides and Mail Order 185 Brides Chapter 8: Child Soldiers 207 Chapter 9: Organ Trafficking 225 Action Section 243 Chapter 10: Leadership Among Survivors 245 in the Anti-Trafficking Movement Chapter 11: Certification of Foreign 261 National Sex Trafficking Victims Chapter 12: Identifying Trafficking Victims 287 in Healthcare Settings Resources Section 311 Chapter 13: Resources 313 About the Authors Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • HIV in Asia and the Pacific: GETTING to ZERO Acronyms
    “ Today, we have a chance to end this epidemic once and for all. That is our goal: Zero new HIV infections, Zero discrimination, and Zero AIDS-related deaths.” UNITED NATIONS SECRETARY-GENERAL BAN KI-MOON AT THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY HIGH LEVEL MEETING ON AIDS, JUNE 2011 Copyright © 2011 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) All rights reserved All data cited are from the UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2010, based on 2010 UNGASS Country Reports, unless otherwise referenced. Data graphs and country and regional information were sourced from the Data Hub (www.aidsdatahub.org). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNAIDS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNAIDS does not warrant that the information published in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Designed by Daniel Feary UNAIDS / 11.05E ISBN 978-92-9173-903-5 HIV in Asia and the Pacific: GETTING TO ZERO ACRONYMS AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ART Antiretroviral treatment ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific FTA Free trade agreement HIV Human immunodeficiency virus ILO International Labour Organization MDG Millennium Development Goal NGO Nongovernmental organization OST Opioid substitution therapy PPTCT
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process
    A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process Patterns, Profiles and Health Consequences of Sexual Exploitation in Five Countries (Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Venezuela and the United States) Janice G. Raymond, PhD – International Coordinator Jean D’Cunha, PhD, Thailand Siti Ruhaini Dzuhayatin, Indonesia H. Patricia Hynes, United States Zoraida Ramirez Rodriguez, PhD, Venezuela Aida Santos, The Philippines A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process Patterns, Profiles and Health Consequences of Sexual Exploitation in Five Countries (Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Venezuela and the United States) Janice G. Raymond, PhD – International Coordinator Jean D’Cunha, PhD, Thailand Siti Ruhaini Dzuhayatin, Indonesia H. Patricia Hynes, United States Zoraida Ramirez Rodriguez, PhD, Venezuela Aida Santos, The Philippines i DEDICATION In Memory of Raquel Edralin-Tiglao Friend, Brave Spirit, Political Prisoner, Woman Warrior in the Struggle Against Violence Against Women, Insightful Counselor, Founder of the Women’s Crisis Center, Manila in the Philippines, and Co-Founder of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, Asia Pacific ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank all the women who agreed to be interviewed for this project and gave of their time, experience, and insights. Many of these women who are survivors of trafficking and prostitution consented to be interviewed in spite of the difficulties they experienced in talking about some of these issues. We also thank those NGOs, service providers, advocates, and law enforcement and governmental personnel who spoke with us. In the process of completing this study, several individuals worked on the project who are not named in the country reports. We thank Jan Dahms who investigated the health literature relating to prostitution and trafficking, participated in the first planning meeting, and who also assembled the bibliography; and Russ Lopez who investigated the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • NGO Consultation with UN/Igos on Trafficking in Persons, Prostitution and the Global Sex Industry
    NGO Consultation with UN/IGOs on Trafficking in Persons, Prostitution and the Global Sex Industry “Trafficking and the Global Sex Industry: Need for Human Rights Framework” June 21-22 1999 Room XII Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland 1) INTRODUCTION 4 2) RECOMMENDATIONS 5 A) RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE NGO CONSULTATION WITH UN/IGOS ON TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS, PROSTITUTION AND THE GLOBAL SEX INDUSTRY 5 B) RECOMMENDATIONS FROM INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW GROUP 8 C) RECOMMENDATIONS FROM COALITION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN 13 D) RECOMMENDATIONS FROM INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT AGAINST ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AND RACISM (IMADR) 15 3) OPENING ADDRESSES 21 A) UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, MARY ROBINSON 21 B) CHAIRPERSON-RAPPORTEUR OF THE WORKING GROUP ON CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF SLAVERY, HALIMA EMBAREK WARZAZI 23 4) KEYNOTE SPEECHES 24 A) SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, RADHIKA COOMARASWAMY 24 B) REPRESENTATIVE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR MIGRATIONS (IOM), REINHARD LOHRMANN, CHEIF OF THE RESEARCH DIVISION, PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF TRAFFICKED PERSONS: OBSTACLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 27 5) PANEL A 30 A) MARJAN WIJERS, FOUNDATION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN, TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE CONTEXT OF FEMALE LABOUR MIGRATION 30 C) MELISSA DITMORE, NETWORK OF SEX PROJECTS, ADDRESSING SEX WORK AS LABOUR 32 D) NURY PERNIA, COORDINATOR OF THE LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN NETWORK OF SEX WORK PROJECTS 35 E) JO DOEZMA, NETWORK OF SEXWORK PROJECTS, ABOLISHING RIGHTS: HOW EXISTING LEGAL SYSTEMS FACILITATE TRAFFICKING 36 F)
    [Show full text]