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The Taj: an Architectural Marvel Or an Epitome of Love?
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(9): 367-374, 2013 ISSN 1991-8178 The Taj: An Architectural Marvel or an Epitome of Love? Arshad Islam Head, Department of History & Civilization, International Islamic University Malaysia Abstract: On Saturday 7th July 2007, the New Seven Wonders Foundation, Switzerland, in its new ranking, again declared the Taj Mahal to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Taj Mahal is not just an architectural feat and an icon of luminous splendour, but an epitome of enormous love as well. The Mughal Emperor Shahjahan (1592-1666) built the Taj Mahal, the fabulous mausoleum (rauza), in memory of his beloved queen Mumtaz Mahal (1593-1631). There is perhaps no better and grander monument built in the history of human civilization dedicated to love. The contemporary Mughal sources refer to this marvel as rauza-i-munavvara (‘the illumined tomb’); the Taj Mahal of Agra was originally called Taj Bibi-ka-Rauza. It is believed that the name ‘Taj Mahal’ has been derived from the name of Mumtaz Mahal (‘Crown Palace’). The pristine purity of the white marble, the exquisite ornamentation, use of precious gemstones and its picturesque location all make Taj Mahal a marvel of art. Standing majestically at the southern bank on the River Yamuna, it is synonymous with love and beauty. This paper highlights the architectural design and beauty of the Taj, and Shahjahan’s dedicated love for his beloved wife that led to its construction. Key words: INTRODUCTION It is universally acknowledged that the Taj Mahal is an architectural marvel; no one disputes it position as one of the Seven Wonders of the World, and it is certainly the most fêted example of the considerable feats of Mughal architecture. -
Muhammad the Last Messenger the Last Message
www.fahmedeen.org www.practiseislam.org Contents Translator’s Note .............................................................................................................................. 2 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Foreword to the Third Edition ..................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Lecture 1. Prophets of Allah: The Only Ideals for Mankind ............................................... 8 Lecture 2. The Life of Prophet Muhammad - the Most Comprehensive and Eternal Model................................................................................................................................................. 19 Lecture 3. The Historic Aspect of Prophet Muhammad’s Life ....................................... 32 Lecture 4. The Perfectness of the Holy Prophet’s Life ..................................................... 50 Lecture 5. The Comprehensiveness of the Holy Prophet’s Life .................................... 67 Lecture 6. The Practical Aspect of Prophet Muhammad’s Life and its Practicability ............................................................................................................................................................. 82 Lecture 7. The Message of the Holy Prophet -
Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam− Ð Õ Êáîyj»A Æ Ê Ì Êåày Æ J»Aì Êé¼»A Ániê Æ Ê
Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, The True Islam− Ð Õ êÁÎYj»A æ ê ì êÅÀY æ j»Aì êɼ»A ÁnIê æ ê In the name of Allah,− the Gracious, the Merciful WELCOME TO AHMADIYYAT, THE TRUE ISLAM TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword: Sahibzada± − ± − M. M. Ahmad,± Amir− Jama‘at,− USA 11 Introduction ............................................................................. 13 System of Transliteration ............................................................ 15 Publisher's Note ......................................................................... 17 1 The Purpose of Man's Life ..................................... 19 Means of Attaining Purpose of Life ........................... 24 Significance of Religion ............................................ 28 The Continuity of Religion ........................................ 29 The Apex of Religious Development ......................... 31 Unity of Religions ..................................................... 31 2 Islam− and a Muslim ................................................. 32 Unification of Humanity Through Islam− ................... 44 Ahmadi± − Muslims ....................................................... 50 1 Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, The True Islam− 3 The Islamic− Beliefs (The Articles of Faith) ......... 52 Unity of Allah− ............................................................ 54 The Islamic− Concept of God Almighty ...................... 55 God's Attributes (Divine Names) ........................ 61 Angels ........................................................................ 64 The Islamic− -
Quality Reform in Traditional Madrasahs for Sustainable Development in Bangladesh: an Observation and a Study from the British Colonial Education System
QUALITY REFORM IN TRADITIONAL MADRASAHS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH: AN OBSERVATION AND A STUDY FROM THE BRITISH COLONIAL EDUCATION SYSTEM DR MD ABDULLAH AL MASUM Professor and Chairman, Department of History University of Chittagong, Bangladesh E-mail:[email protected] The paper mainly examines how the former British education system can contribute to the present reform movement of madrasah education in Bangladesh, particularly of traditional Qawmi institutions to ensure sustainable development in the country. The study also explores how the British government took a reformed madrasah scheme to adapt to the modern education system in colonial Bengal. We argue that the reformed madrasah scheme was a modernised system for enhancing the education of material life in Bangladesh. In this context, the present paper takes a historical approach to see what the current old education system might learn from the British reformed madrasah education scheme. The present research method relies on official educational reports, records and contemporary books, periodical and newspapers analyses. Key words: Quality Reform, Traditional madrasah, Bangladesh, British education system, Sustainable Development. Introduction Quality reform in traditional Madrasahs for sustainable development is a very conventional and discussed issue in the present global society. Because of this, the conscious sections of the current world begin to feel that old madrasah education needs to be modernised for the sake of 88 Quality Reform in Traditional Madrasahs... human resource development and then national and international prosperity. The system of madrasah education is divided into two prime levels in Bangladesh; one is called Qawmi as the old traditional system under the private sector, and the other is identified as Aliya a traditional modified system which is patronised by the government. -
The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress
The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress <UN> Muslim Minorities Editorial Board Jørgen S. Nielsen (University of Copenhagen) Aminah McCloud (DePaul University, Chicago) Jörn Thielmann (Erlangen University) VOLUME 19 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/mumi <UN> The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress Missionizing Europe 1900–1965 By Gerdien Jonker LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> Cover illustration: Islam lesson in the Berlin mission house in 1935. The text on the blackboard is a line from the Persian poet Nasir Din al-Shah: “A (good) friend will never complain about his friend.” Photograph taken from the Album “Mosque & Friends”, pa Oettinger, courtesy Suhail Ahmad. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jonker, Gerdien. Title: The Ahmadiyya quest for religious progress : missionizing Europe 1900-1965 / By Gerdien Jonker. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2016. | Series: Muslim minorities ; v. 19 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015038970| ISBN 9789004305298 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004305380 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Ahmadiyya--Doctrines. | Ahmadiyya--Missions--Europe. | Islam--Missions--Europe. | Islamic renewal--Europe. | Religious awakening--Islam | Muslims--Europe. Classification: LCC BP195.A5 J66 2016 | DDC 297.8/6--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015038970 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1570-7571 isbn 978-90-04-30529-8 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-30538-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. -
Islamic Studies and Religious Education Bi-Annual Curriculum
Islamic Studies and Religious Education bi-annual Curriculum Subject Leader: Mr Abdullah AS Patel, Deputy Head Teacher Intent We are committed to providing a curriculum with breadth that allows all our pupils to be able to achieve the following: ● Build Islamic character, through the termly topics, and a special focus on character building in the final term. ● To learn relevant knowledge to their religious preferences and the values they come with from home. ● To challenges, motivate, inspire and lead them to a lifelong interest in learning, using their Islamic values as a base for further religious exploration, in further education. ● To facilitate pupils to achieve their personal best and grow up to be Muslims with a strong sense of identity. ● To create a link between different subjects to give the pupils and appreciation of the breadth and connected nature of learning. ● To promote active community involvement, we will ensure pupils are prepared for life in modern Britain, by teaching universal human values, and dedicating time in the year to learning specifically about British Values. Implementation To help us achieve our Islamic Studies curriculum intent, we will: ● Offer a quality-assured curriculum using multiple syllabi, and ensuring all lessons are well-planned and effectively delivered. ● Provide pupils and parents with ‘Tarbiyah’ checklists to monitor their character-building progress. ● Where appropriate, we will provide pupils with the tools to learn more effectively by means of practical demonstrations. ● To build a sense of tolerance and respect, we will arrange trips to visit different places of worship to learn about others and appreciate their teachings. -
IQBAL and TAQDIR By: Dr
IQBAL AND TAQDIR by: Dr. Mansoor Alam Part I Allama Iqbal has written so much about the concept of taqdir that it may require a complete book to fully explain and justify his views on this difficult issue. But in a nutshell he says: "The world of plants and animals is subject to taqdir. A Momin is subject to nothing except the orders of Allah (SW) (i.e., Quran)." On the other hand, seeing the condition of the present Muslims, he said: "The actions of Muslims these days is predicated on taqdir. (This, despite the fact that) the taqdir of Allah (SW) was always the driving force behind the will of their ancestors." "Muslims these days use the excuse of ‘taqdir’ in order to justify their inaction and irresponsibility towards Islam." (To some there may seem to be a contradiction in this view of taqdir given by Iqbal. But, according to Iqbal this contradiction arises due to the wrong concept of taqdir which the present Muslims in general have come to accept, due mainly to the Magian influence on Islam) One very important point to note is that Iqbal talks here about Allah’s (SW) taqdir and not man’s taqdir. Thus, according to him there is no man’s taqdir. At first, this may sound strange because Muslims have, by and large, always thought in terms of man’s taqdir whenever this topic is discussed. We will shortly see that the concept of taqdir presented by Quran and eloquently explained by Iqbal removes this (apparent) contradiction. First of all, let us find the root meaning of the arabic word (taqdir) which was prevalent at the time of the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions. -
TRAGEDY of KARBALA - an ANALYTICAL STUDY of URDU HISTORICAL WRITINGS DURING 19Th > 20Th CENTURY
^^. % TRAGEDY OF KARBALA - AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF URDU HISTORICAL WRITINGS DURING 19th > 20th CENTURY ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF JBottor of $t)tlo£;opI)p IN ISLAMIC STUDIES By FAYAZ AHMAD BHAT Under the Supervision of PROFESSOR MUHAMMAD YASIN MAZHAR SIDDIQUI DIRECTOR, SHAH WALIULLAH DEHLAVI RESEARCH CELL Institute of Islamic Studies, A.M.U., Aligarh. DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2003 :^^^^ Fed ir. Comptrf^r Aaad m >«'• Att. M "s/.-Oj Uni^ 0 2 t'S 2C06 THESIS 1 ABSTRACT The sad demise of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) (571- 622AD) created a vacuum in the Muslim Ummah. However, this vacuum was filled by the able guided and pious Khulafa {Khulafa-i-Rashidin) who ruled Ummah one after another. Except the first Khalifah, all the subsequent three Khulafa were unfortunately martyred either by their co-religionists or by antagonists. Though the assassination of Hazrat Umar (RA) did not create any sort of havoc in the Ummah, but the assassination of Hazrat Uthman (RA) caused a severe damage to the unity of Muslim Ummah. This was further aggravated by the internal dissentions caused by the assassination of the third Khalifah during the period of the fourth Khalifah, leading to some bloodshed of the Muslims in two bloody wars of Camel and Si/fin; Hazrat All's assassination was actually a result of that internal strife of the Muslims, dividing the Muslim community into two warring camps. Hazrat Hasan's abdication of the Khilafah tried to bridge the gulf but temporarily, and the situation became explosive once again when Hazrat Muawiyah (RA) nominated his son Yazid as his successor whose candidature was questioned and opposed by a group of people especially by Hazrat Husain (RA) on the ground that he was not fit for the Khilafah. -
Fate and Fatalism in Islam a Philosophical Appraisal
\ FATE AND FATALISM IN ISLAM A PHILOSOPHICAL APPRAISAL A Ph.D. DISSERTATION SUBMITTED BY MS RUBINA MUNIR \ 'l L a Supervisor: V. Prof. Dr. Abdul Khaliq, Department of Philosophy University of the Punjab New Campus, Lahore Co-Supervisor: Dr. Khurshid Anwar Chairman, Department of philosophy University of Peshawar CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1 ABSTRACT 3 CHAP: I INTRODUCTION. 7 CHAP: II QURANIC THOUGHT. 36 CHAP: III PROPHETIC AND POST-PROPHETIC 63 (OR EARLY MEDIEVAL MUSLIM) Thought Section A: Man and His Freedom in the Prophetic Teachings (Ahadith Literature) Section B: Post Prophetic ( or Early Medieval Muslim) Thought CHAP: IV MUSLIM THINKERS AND THEIR CONCEPT OF FATE AND FATALISM 140 Section A: Medieval Muslim Thinkers Section B: Modern Muslim Thinkers CHAP: V CONCLUSION. 196 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 210 "Islam is not a religion in the ancient sense of the word. It is an attitude- an attitude, that is to say, of Freedom, and even of defiance to the universe. It is really a protest against the entire outlook of the ancient world. Briefly, it is the discovery of Man". Iqbal: Stray Reflections 1 Acknowledgment As the time marched onwards, more and more obstructions came in the way. At one time it seemed that I could not work any further on it and thought it better to stop. But with the blessings and mercifulness of God, I managed to continue my work with the spirit of the Quran "Do not be despondent from the blessings of God". It will be a failing on my part not to mention those who really helped me to complete this thesis. -
Muslim Devotionals & Prayers 1.Shahada “There Is No God but Allah. Muhammad Is the Messenger of Allah.” the Shahada Is T
Muslim Devotionals & Prayers 1.Shahada “There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” The shahada is the distillation of Islam into a single prayer. The two short sentences sum up the basic beliefs of every Muslim regardless of whether they are Shiites, Sunnis or Sufis. As well as being a statement of faith, recitation of the shahada is a requirement for any Muslim 2. Imaani Mufassal “I believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and in Taqdir, that all good and bad is from Allah the Most High and I believe in the resurrection after death.” This prayer touches on several of Islam’s most important tenets. The belief in Allah is, of course, an echo of the shahada, but in this prayer “Messengers” is plural in order to represent all of Allah’s prophets, not just Muhammad. Islam holds that there were a great many prophets but only some were rasul, the most important prophets who brought sacred texts with them. Moses, Jesus and Muhammad are all considered to be rasul. The Imaani Mufassal also touches on the Islamic belief of taqdir. Taqdir is normally translated as “predestination,” but this Christian term does not perfectly fit the Islamic belief. Even within Islam, theological definitions of taqdir, and the practical ramifications of those definitions, are debated. One common explanation of taqdir, however, is that “Allah possesses foreknowledge of human actions. But He does not compel any man to act in any particular way.” Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq expands on this: “Suppose you see a man intending to commit a sin; and you forbade him; but he did not listen to you; and you left him; and he did commit that sin. -
Glossary of Islam 1 Glossary of Islam
Glossary of Islam 1 Glossary of Islam This article is part of a series on: Islam Islam portal The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place. Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of dawah. Arabic, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts. The word Islam is itself a good example. Arabic is written in its own alphabet, with letters, symbols, and orthographic conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the Latin alphabet (see Arabic alphabet). The following list contains transliterations of Arabic terms and phrases; variations exist, e.g. din instead of deen and aqidah instead of aqeedah. Most items in the list also contain their actual Arabic spelling. • Top • 0–9 • A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P Glossary of Islam 2 • Q • R • S • T • U • V • W • X • Y • Z (ﻋﺒﺪ) Abd' servant, worshipper, slave. Muslims consider themselves servants and slaves of God. -
Islamicbookstore.Com the Internet’S Largest Islamic Store Table of Contents
IslamicBookstore.com The Internet’s Largest Islamic Store Table of Contents The Holy Qur’an in Arabic 5 English Translations of the Qur’an 7 Qur’an Translations in Other Languages 11 Urdu Qur’an Translations and Tafseer 12 Commentaries, Tafsir of the Qur’an 13 Introductions to the Qur’an, Its Style, Themes, and Its Scientific Proofs 15 Qur’anic Language, Vocabulary, and Indexes 20 Arabic Language and Grammar 22 Dictionaries of the Arabic Language 27 Hadith Collections, Selections, and Sciences of Hadith 28 Sirah, the Life of the Prophet Muhammad 32 Biographies of the Prophets and the Companions 35 Aqeedah: Islamic Belief 38 The Unseen World and Dream Interpretations 44 The Last Day: Nature and Signs 45 Death and the Afterlife, Paradise and Hell 46 Funeral Rites, Islamic Wills and Inheritance 48 Islamic Studies, Courses for Adults 48 Fatwa Compilations 50 Salat - Daily Prayer and Purification 51 Ramadan, Fasting 53 Hajj, the Pilgrimage 54 Zakat, Charity in Islam 55 The Friday Prayer, the Mosque and Eid 55 Supplications, Dhikr, and Dua’a 56 Women Issues: Hijab, Dress, Medical etc. 58 Marriage, Courtship, Intimacy etc. 60 Parenting and Family Life in Islam 63 Muslim Baby Names 64 Nutrition and Cookbooks 65 Health and Medicine in Islam 65 Women Studies and Modernity 66 Morality, Manners, Etiquette, Sins, Repentance 67 Dawah, Knowledge and Education 73 Spiritual Development 75 Philosophy and Insights into the Divine 78 Books by Harun Yahya 79 Works of Imam al-Ghazali 82 Tasawwuf - Sufism 85 Islamic Culture and Arts and Science 93 Biographies