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Of the Royal Society of Edinburgh OF THE R YAL O S O CIE TY O F E D I NB URG H . V — — O L. XXXV . PART I F V. O R III THE SESSIO N 1 895 96 . C O N T E N T S . ‘ XXII. Observations on the Ph no r h B o a . JO N G. M KENnRICK Professor of h si g p y H , P y olo in the Universit of las ow . With Two lates gy y G g ( P ) , Issued se ara l ( p te y, 25th N ovember ’ ' XXIII . On the Ge nus Anas ides and its A nzties wit W h i n Foss l r . certa i t e . p fi C us ac a. By T ’ CALM N B. Sc. Universit Colle e Dundee . Communicated b rofe r AR A , , y g , y P sso D CY W . THOMPSON . With Two lates ( P ) , Issued se aratel 2 th ( p y, 6 October t — ' XXIV. On he discrzminant of a qerential E uation o the First Order and on Certain p q f , Poi nts i n the General Theor o E nv o es c t f S el onnected herewith . B Pro C R L y f p y . H Y TA , Issued s r t l 6th N ove ( epa a e y, 1 mber THE CO NC L OF THE SOC E U I I TY, ALP BE C L O F THE OR NAR ELLO S HA TI A LIST DI Y F W , OF HONO R R ELLO M RC 1 897 LIST A Y F WS AT A H , O F O R N R ELLO S ELEC E R N SESS ON 1894—95 LIST DI A Y F W T D DU I G I , ELLO ECEA E O R RES NE 1894—95 F WS D S D IG D, , S OF O R N R ELLO S ELEC E R N S ESS O N 1895-96 LI T DI A Y F W T D DU I G I , ELLO ECE SE O R RES NE 1895—96 F WS D A D IG D , , OF THE SOC E LAWS I TY, THE K E MAE DO UGALL-BR S B NE N E LL AND G NN N V C O R J B LEE PR ZES ITH, I A , I , U I G I T IA U I I , A AR O F THE KE MARDOUGALL-BR B NE N E LL AND G NN N V C O R J B LEE W DS ITH, IS A , I , U I G I T IA U I PR ZES ROM 1827 TO 1896 I , F , PROCEE N OF THE S A O R GENER L EE N S DI GS T TUT Y A M TI G , LIST O F PUBLIC INSTITUTIO NS AND INDIVIDUALS ENTITLE D To RECEIVE COPIES OF THE TRANS CT ON AND PROCEE N O R THE RO AL SOC E A I S DI GS Y I TY, INDEx, E D I N B U R G H NV ’ c 7 u PUBLI HE B N TREET S D Y ROBERT GRANT SON , 107 PRI CES S , AND W I IA S NORGA E 1 4 HENRIE A S REET COVEN GAR EN ON ON . LL M T , TT T , T D , L D MDCCCXCVII. ’ Pr i ce Seven Shillings and b lapeM e . ( 7 65 ) — ‘ r h . P of or t Phono a . B M KENDRI K M D . r ess XX I Obser vations on he JO N G. C I g p y H , , in h niv ersit of l ow With Two Plates. of Physiology t e U y G asg . ( ) (Read 1 7th February INTRODUCTION . in c ha he honour of Showin he hon ra o he Ro al Socie of Edin 1 . S e I d t g t p og ph t t y ty bur h at a s ecial m eetin in Nov ember 1 894 the instru m ent has occu ied a ood g , p g , p g deal Of m time and attention an d now venture to ive the eneral results Of the y , I g g i v n estigation . 2 The instrum ent chie studied has been the machine used in this countr kn own as . fly y ” a ho h An r c rd k n m s lf hav e b en tain d with the Com merci l P nograp . y e o s ta e by y e e Ob e the ordi nar a arat us formin art of the comm ercial S eaker arm but hav e y pp g p p , I ” s w h th ai h - l The comm ercial always reproduced the e it e d of t e SO called m usica arm . m achine or t o iv e it a better nam e the En lish m odel is SO eared that the wax , , g , g , g c linder 6 inch 1 97 mm . in circumference m akes two re volutions in one second y , § ( ) , , lind h m iral v ri n a art . A S while the Spiral groo es desc bed o the cy er are Tl“ ; inc (5 m . ) p p line about 1 36 ards in len th m a be described on the c linder and the recordin y g y y , g in rav ls ov er this di stan ce in about Six min utes or reproducing po t t e . hav e also us ed the Am erican m odel which resembles in all essential articulars 3 . I , p linder r the one ust described exce t that the rooves on the c a e inch mm . j , p g y 1 57; (1 ) inst ead of (5 ES ONATORS FOR NCREASING VOLUME or TONE . I . R I 4 B usin conical resonators of considerable Siz e m ade Of t hin block tin the tone . y g , , Of the hono ra h can be in creased in v olum e SO that the sounds becom e audible an d p g p , a reeable in a lar e room . The use of resonators is comm on in Am erica but these are g g , of com arativ el sm all dim ensions and while the do not ield the v olum e of t one p y , , y y Obtained b those of reater Siz e the do not et rid of the u er artials that iv e y g , y g pp p g k f h n r T the peculiar character to the sounds emitt ed by the glass dis o t e pho og aph . O this I attribute the preference Often given by phonograph Operators to the m ethod Of d l The latter lan n conv eying the soun s di rect y to the ears by flexible t ubes. p o doubt iv es v olum e of tone and also faithfulness of ualit as it carries the sound to within g q y , a few mill im etres of the drum head but the advanta e is m ore than com ensated b the , g p y discomfort Of the roceedin and b the arrin friction noises that are obtruded W ith p g, y j g ainful distinctness. The lar est resonator use is Of conical form about 8 feet p g I , VOL xxxvm . PART IV. NO. 5 O . ( P OR JOHN M ‘ K ENDRICK 766 ROFESS G . 1 1 inches in len th with a diam eter at its wide end of 3 feet and at its narrow end Of g , , in h The b r ults hav be n ob ed with tin resonators. One lar e wooden c . est es e e tain g - resonator Sha ed like a. four Sided ramid form ed Of wood used for m akin wooden , p py , g or an i es 1 0 feet 7 in ches in len th each Side bein 3 feet in len th at the base g p p , Q g , g g and inches at the a ex av e excellent results as re ards v olume and ualit but it p , g g q y , na f vul had a. curious effect Of dam in or m ufilin the tones. Reso tors O canite a ier p g g , p p m ache w r un ti A conical resonator about 3 feet in len th 4 inches in e e sa sfactor . y g , diameter at the wide end and inch at the narrow end m ade of thin aluminium ave , , , g a remarkabl cl ar rin in n Lar e resonators a ear not onl to ive roun dness y e g g to e. g pp y g and v olume to the tone but also to uench m an Of the u er artials which cause the , q y pp p h in l d k h h no ra In this wa ualit of iss g noises heard near the g ass is of t e p o g ph. y q y tone is im r v d hav e endeavoured. to m odif the form of the resonators in v arious p o e . I y w s h f al rin h ualit of th tone bu withou su a in the o e O te t e e t t ccess.
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