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Little River Watershanalysis 1995

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Little River WatershAnalysis 1995 @w USI'A USDT Umpqur Netlonel ForcrG Burctu ol lrnd Menagernent North Unrpgur Rrnger DlJHct Mt Scott Berourcc Area LITTLE RIVER WATERSHEDANALYSIS Version1.1 September1995 PreparedBy. DebbieAnderson Forester,Writer/Editor SteveHofFord Hydrologist MilesBarkhurst EngineeringTechnician BonnieHowell GIS Specialist Alan Baumann Forester ScottLightcap FishBiologist Larry Broeker Geologist StephenLeibenguth GIS Specialist RayDavis WildlifeBiologist Don Morrison SoilScientist BarbaraFontaine IDT Leader,WriterlEditor Laura Ward FuelsSpecialist SteveGadd Forester Lisa Wolf Botanist With AssistanceFrom. DebraBarner Archaeologist RalphKlein SoilScientist DayneBarron Forester Tim La Marr FishBiologist N{ikeBlack WildlifeBiologist SusanLivingston WildlifeBiologist WayneBrady RecreationTechnician JerryMires WildlifeBiologist Iv{aryBrennan GraphicArtist GeorgeMoyers Forester Ken Carloni Botanist JohnPatrick Forester NancyDuncan WildlifeBiologist Mark Powell AquaticBiologist Terry Farrell WildlifeBiologist foe Ross Nat.Res. Spec. JimFierst Forester DaveRuppert Forester Don Goheen Pathologist Elijah Waters FishBiologist GlennHarkleroad FishBiologist DudleyWatson ComputerAsst. Jerry Harryman RangeConservationist DianeWhite Ecologist RussHolmes Botanist Ron Wickline Forester Mike Widmann Bio Technician NeithcrthcBrrrcauoflandManagcme[tgorthcForestSenricccanasilrcthcreliabrlityor suitabilityofthrsrnformattonfora-partrcularPy?o*origrnaldatawascompilcdfromvanousstandards' Each agency i* -."1 with oational Et-"p sourccs. Spatiat ,io..*n."y "".*.ty they adninister as tt and recommendationsfor thc tands can be expectedto updatc informauoo be up&ted without notification becomesavarlable Tb.,t;;;;on may forgot reviewers(listed below and any otherswe unintentionally Specialthanksgoes to all of our tomention),whospentnumeroushourshelpingmakethisabetterdocument. BradAngle DayneBanon KevinCarson N{attDahlgreen NedDavis JeffDose RogerEvenson Tem Fairbanks GordonHanek RichardHelliwetl RussHolmes Mike HuPP DebraKinsinger CraigKintoP RalphKlein JoeLint WillaNehlsen Don Rivard TrudiRhodes DianneWhite PaulUncaPher putthis peoplewho helped'in oneway or another, Additionalthanks goes to thespecial documenttogether. DanaHess KristinMcCulloch KathyPostles TABLE OF CONTENTS ChapterI An Introductionto WatershedAnalysis andthe Linle Riverwatershed Introduction Chapter2 Issuesand Key Questions Questions - t Chapter3 TenestrialEcosystem. Terrestrial - I HumanUses. .. Terrestrial - I Biologicaland Physical Characteristics............ Terrestrial - l0 Stratificationof the Watershed.. Terrestrial - 10 LandUnits At-a-Glance................ Terrestrial - l5 Disturbance Terrestrial -26 lnsectsand Disease Terrestrial -34 ForestProductiviry and SpeciesDiversity.... Terrestrial -35 SiteProductivity in YoungManaged Stands........ Terrestriai -39 SiteProductivify in Mature Stands....... Terrestrial -45 PlantSpecies Diversity Terrestrial -47 RarePlants, Non-native Plants, and Native Revegetation.. ............ Terrestrial -50 Changesin WildlifeHabitat....... Tenestrial -61 InteriorHabitat...... Tenestrial -12 RiparianHabitat Condition... Terrestrial -7 5 UniqueHabitat Condition... Terrestrial -'/7 GameAnimals..... Terrestrial -82 EIk........... Terrestrial -83 Deer.......... Terrestrial -87 Marten...... Terrestrial -89 Band-tailedPigeon........ Terrestrial -90 Threatened,Endangered, and Sensitive Species...... Terrestrial -92 Chapter4 AquaticEcosystem. Aquatic -l HumanUses.......... Aquatic -1 BiologicalUses.......... Aquatic -t ta Trendsin AquaticEcosystem Condition... Aquatic - tL FishSpawning Habitat.. Aquatic -t2 FishRearing Habitat... Aquatic -t2 AquaticInsects....... Aquatic -./.) RiparianConditions. Aquatic -25 -26 Shadeand Stream Temperature................ Aquatic -34 StreampH............. Aquatic -35 Streamflow Aquatic Al SedimentRegime...... Aquatic -at Interactionsof LandscapeProcesses and -50 Ramificationsto the AquaticEcosystem. Aquatic Effectsof Land Managementon AquaticHabitat -57 andAquatic Communities................ Aquatic -60 CriticalHabitat Deficiencies................ Aquatic Chapter5 -lI Answersto Key Answers Questions. -l Socio-Economics.............. Answers -) RoadManagement....... Answers -4 WildlifeHabitat....... Answers -7 Non-nativeSpecies...... Answers -8 ForestProductivity and Management......:.-. Answers -10 FireManagement......... Answers -tl Streanl Wetland,and Riparian Habitat.....' Answers -18 Fish Stocksat fusk Answers Answers -20 WaterQualiry 6 Chapter - .... Recommendations I Recommendations. '2 TerrestrialEco system- Recommendations - 2 LateSeral Prone to Fire-."---. Recommendations - 4 PineHealth Recommendations - 6 Interior'Habitat........... Recommendations - 8 GeneralLandscaPe.. Recommendations - 9 UniqueHabitats..... Recommendations -i0 Elk Management.......... Recommendations -I2 SpecialForest Products.... Recommendations -Lz RarePlants Recommendations -13 Non-nativeSPecies...... Recommendations -14 AquaticEcosystem. Recommendations -14 GeneralPrioritY Areas......... Recommendations RiparianAreas Adjacent to Wide Vdley, -16 GentleGradient Channels.... Recommendations RiparianAreas Adjacent to Narrow Valley, -16 SteepGradient Channels-..... -....-"' Recommendations -17 ExistingHealthy Riparian Areas.... ". " Recommendations -18 Water Recommendations QualitY.-..... -18 FlowRegimes............... Recommendations -19 Regimes..... Recommendations Sediment -20 OtherRecommendations.'..... Recommendations - I References.... References CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTIONTO WATERSHEDANALYSIS AND THE LITTLE RTVERWATERSHED Introduction Federalagencies have been directed to managepublic landsas ecosystems.To accomplishthis, the NorthwestForest Plan @OD) callsfor landscape-levelanalyses of the variouscomponents and interrelationshipsin the ecosystem.This is to be done on the scaleof a 20 to 200 squaremile watershedto documenta scientificallybased understanding of how that particularwatershed works. By understandingthe ecologicalhistory, processes, and limitationsof the are4 human needsand desiresmay be met in a sustainablemanner without impairingthe ability of the ecosystemto function. Watershedanalysis is not a detailedstudy of everythingin the watershed. lnstead,it is built upon the most importantissues. For example,since cutthroat trout, steelhead,chinook and coho salmon,and steelheadtrout arepresgnt in the watershedand their numbersare declining regionallyand locally,the factorsthat affectthese species are identifiedand characterized. Watershedanalysis is not a decisionmaking process, nor is it intendedto take the placeof detailed,site specificproject planning and analysisunder the National EnvironmentalPolicy Act (NEPA). The analysisis meantto providebroad-based information that will help federaldecision makers@istrict Ranger,Forest Supervisor, Area Managerand Distria Manager)make decisions on proposedprojects under NEPA A watershedanalysis is also a flexibledocument and may be changedor addedto as new informationbecomes available. This watershedanalysis for Little River is the first iteration- changesto this documentwill be madeas new data,monitoring results, andother findings become available. A primarycomponent of the NorthwestForest Plan is the Aquatic ConservationStrategy, which was developedto restoreand maintain the ecologicd healthof watershedsand the aquatic ecosystemscontained within them on public lands. Watershedanalysis is integralin meetingthe Aquatic ConservationStrategy. When consideringproject implementationor management actions,federal decision makers will use the resultsof watershedanalysis to supporta finding that a managementaction either meets or doesnot preventattainment of the Aquatic Conservation Strategyobjectives (ROD p. B-10). Therefore,watershed analysis helps provide aquaticand riparianhabitat protection by describingthe processesthat needto be consideredwhen making landmanagement decisions. Watershedanalysis will alsoplay a role in the complianceof the EndangeredSpecies Act. It will providean avenueto assesshabitat conditions for listed and proposedspecies. This information lntroduction- I will then be available for use in planning and subsequent consultation with either the National Marine FisheriesService (NMFS) for anadromousfish or the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for specieslike the northern spottedowl, bald a8le, and peregrinefalcon. Finally, watershedanalysis plays a role in compliancewith the CleanWater Act. The primary objective of this Act is to "restore and maintainthe chemical,physica[ and biological integrity of the Nation'swaters." A principaltask that watershedanalysis will addressfor compliancewill be the identificationand evaluationof the factorsinfluencing the healthof the watershedand the beneficialuses of the water. AgairLthis requiresa scientificallybased understanding of the processesand interactionsoccurring within the watershed. The WatershedSetting The Little River watershedencompass€s an areaof 131,853acres that rangesin elevationfrom 730 to 5,275 feet. Linle River flows into the North UmpquaRiver eighteenmiles east of Roseburg,Oregon in DouglasCounty (Figure I). As one of the largesttributaries of the North UmpquaRiver, Little River supportsa very diverseassemblage of fish speciesincluding five stocksof anadromoussdmonids. The colder,high qualirywaters of the North UmpquaRiver help maintain relatively healthyand productive anadromousfish runs in the systemcompared to other rivers in the region. Little River is where the coniferousforest of the westernedge
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