Teodora Shek Brnardić, Croatian institute of History DIFFERENTIATION AS A MEANS OF PARTY CONTROL-

THE CASE STUDY OF DISSENTERS FROM THE IN ZADAR (1971-72)

Between Enslavement and resistance: Attitudes toward Communism in East European Societies (1945-1989), Poznan 15-16 2018

COLLECTION OF PRESS CLIPPINGS OF IVAN ARALICA a first class source for studying the culture of dissent in media COLLECTION OF MASSIVE MOVEMENT IN ZADAR

The process of differentiation of the Zadar communists responsible for the rise of nationalism and chauvinism in Zadar IVAN ARALICA (1930.-)

1956. 1970. 1987.

2017. BIOGRAPHY • Born on 10 September 1930 in a rich peasant family in the Dalmatian Zagora sudjelovao kao partizanski kurir u NOB-u • Elementary schoo in Puljani, gymnasium in Drniš and Knin • 1953. finished teaching training school in Knin • Worked as a teacher in villages • 1961. graduated Yugoslav languages at the newly established University of Zadar • Immediately employed as a head of the Pedagogical Gymnasium in Zadar • Representative in the • The deputy president of the party of the city of Zadar until 1972 • In the 1990s politically re-activated NOVELS OF IVAN ARALICA - 1980S-the peak of popularity, best-selling Croatian author in 1990s - INTEREST FOR THE PERPETUATION OF THE COMMUNIST MENTALITY IN THE CROATIAN SOCIETY

NOVELS ABOUT CONTEMPORARY POLITICIANS POLITICAL ESSAYS OF COMMUNIST MENTALITY Cases from 1980s

• 1985-The Ivan Goran Kovačić Award and the reaction of Zadar veterans

„Vigilance fell asleep!”, People’s Newspaper, 4 July 1985. Cases from 1980s 1986-Screenplay for the film „My Uncle’s Legacy” and the reaction of veterans on the republic level

Scene from the movie„My Uncle’s Legacy”

Film director Krsto Papić Journalist of RTV Zagreb Ante Kesić DIFFERENTIATION

• Ivan Aralica: • the other name for the Russian purge • different from the purge to the same extent as Tito’s Stalinism was different from Stalin’s Stalinism • Unlike Tito’s Stalinism embodied in the imprisonment at Goli Otok

• Lexicon of Yugoslav Mythology • the removal from th party life of unsuitable political ideas and their physical holders • euphemism for „political liquidation” Ivan Aralica’s „sins”– participation in the Croatian spring in zadar THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT: THE CROATIAN SPRING -the new generation of communist leaders in after 1966

SAVKA DAPČEVIĆ KUČAR, MIKO TRIPALO AND MIKO TRIPALO-Yugoslav , 1968 „Kennedy”

January 1970-The mythological 10th plenum POLITICIZATION OF THE MASSES OTHER POLITICAL CENTRES: MATICA HRVATSKA AND STUDENTS December 1971- THE SHOWDOWN IN KARAĐORĐEVO „Invigilance and disorganisation helped the activity and eruption of nationalism and chauvinism in the town of Zadar.”

(The People’s Newspaper, 25 December 1971) Zadar – „A CITY CASE” IN THE CULTURE OF DISSENT

1966. MIHAJLO MIHAJLOV AND THE MOVEMENT OF INDEPENDENT INTELLECTUALS

1967. - 1971. CROATIAN SPRING

1969. - 1971. THE CASE OF ZADAR PRIESTS

SERBS AND THE ASSOCIATION „PROSVJETA”

ZADAR STUDENTS Conclusion: DISSIDENCE of IVAN ARALICA – yes or no ?

• Life experience of cultural opposition: kicked out from a student dormitory and school; expelled from the party in 1972; regarded himself as an opposition actor • Attitude toward communism: not one-dimensional • „I was a dissident; I sat with them at the same table, but did not share their worldview! I was not a sincere communist!”