Metal Partitioning Among Tissues and Exoskeleton of Palaemonetes Pugio and Its Role in Depuration and Trophic Transfer
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Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2001 Metal Partitioning Among Tissues and Exoskeleton of Palaemonetes Pugio and Its Role in Depuration and Trophic Transfer. Kristen Annette Keteles Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Keteles, Kristen Annette, "Metal Partitioning Among Tissues and Exoskeleton of Palaemonetes Pugio and Its Role in Depuration and Trophic Transfer." (2001). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 380. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/380 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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METAL PARTITIONING AMONG TISSUES AND EXOSKELETON OF PALAEMONETES PUGIO AND ITS ROLE IN DEPURATION AND TROPHIC TRANSFER A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty o f the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree o f Doctor o f Philosophy in The Department o f Biological Sciences by Kristen A. Keteles B.S. Coastal Carolina University 1995 December 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3031762 __ ® UMI UMI Microform 3031762 Copyright 2002 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, especially my father who encouraged my interests in biology. I would like to express profound appreciation for Dr. John Fleeger for his advice and support during the production o f this dissertation. This work would not be possible without the help of Dr. Robert Gambrell and Medhi Aarabi with the metal analyses. I also thank my minor professor. Dr. Ralph Portier. and the other members o f my committee. Dr. Kevin Carman. Dr. W illiam B. Stickle. Dr. James Catallo, and Dr. Robert Gambrell for advice. Statistical advice was provided by B. Marx. I also thank Dr. G. Tita. Dr. N. Atilla. G. Puckett. S. Hymel, and A. Martin for help with various aspects o f this dissertation research. I also want to thank my teammates from LSU cycling for their support. This study was funded by the Office o f Naval Research grant # N00014- 99-1-0023 and a Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid o f Research. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. 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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................................................ii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 1 2 THE CONTRIBUTION OF ECDYSIS TO THE FATE OF COPPER, ZINC, AND CADMIUM IN GRASS SHRIMP, PALAEMONETES PUGIO HOLTHIUS................................................................................................. 13 Introduction ................................................................................................... 14 Methods......................................................................................................... 16 Results........................................................................................................... 19 Discussion.................................................................................................... 24 3 METAL UPTAKE AND PARTITIONING AMONG TISSUES AND EXOSKELF.TON OF THE GRASS SHRIMP. PALAEMONETES PUGIO 29 Introduction ...................................................................................................30 Methods.........................................................................................................33 Results...........................................................................................................37 Discussion.................................................................................................... 49 4 TROPHIC TRANSFER OF CU. ZN. AND CD ASSOCIATED WITH EXOSKELETON AND TISSUES OF THE GRASS SHRIMP. PALAEMONETES PUGIO. TO A PREDATORY FISH. FUNDULUS GMNDIS................................................................................................................. 58 Introduction ...................................................................................................59 Methods.........................................................................................................61 Results...........................................................................................................64 Discussion.....................................................................................................78 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS...................................................................... 85 LITERATURE CITED.........................................................................................................97 APPENDIX: LETTER OF PERMISSION........................................................................ 103 V IT A .................................................................................................................................... 104 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT The objective o f this dissertation was to determine the partitioning o f Cu, Zn and Cd between tissues and exoskeleton o f the grass shrimp,Palaemonetes pugio Holthius. and to examine the consequences o f this association. The role o f the exoskeleton in the potential for depuration o f metals through ecdysis was examined first. The portion eliminated with the exuviae varied for each metal; 11% Cu, 18% Zn. and 26% Cd o f the total intermolt body burden was associated with exuviae. Some fraction o f Cu and Cd in the exoskeleton was likely reabsorbed before molting but excess Zn was likely depurated through excretion. The influence o f salinity and source o f exposure on metal partitioning among tissue and exoskeleton was then investigated. Grass shrimp were exposed to aqueous metals in 5.18. and 30 %o seawater or fed metal-enriched algal epiphytes from the stemso f Spartina alterniflora. Surface-adsorbed metals ranged from 0-20 % o f the whole-body burden with the lowest values at 5 %o. Metals associated with the exoskeleton matrix ranged from 7-45% with highest values for Zn and Cd. Tissue Cu and Zn burden showed very little variability among the salinity and dietary-exposure treatments likely due to physiological regulation. Finally, the role o f partitioning among tissue and exoskeleton in the trophic transfer o f metals to the predatory' fishFundulus grandis was examined. F. grandis were fed tissues, total exoskeleton (including the adsorbed metals), or exoskeleton matrix fractions o f P. pugio separately for 10 d. Assimilation efficiencies o f Cu and Cd associated with the exoskeleton matrix and tissues o fP. pugio by F. grandis were relatively low and did not differ. Zn associated with the tissues was highly available, but exoskeleton matrix-bound Zn was essentially unavailable. Surface-adsorbed Cd and Zn were highly available to F. grandis. Surface- iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.