Moose Management Plan 2020-2025
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Idaho Moose Management Plan 2020-2025 Prepared by IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME May 2020 Recommended Citation: Idaho Department of Fish and Game. 2020. Idaho Moose Management Plan, 2020–2025. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, USA. Team Members: Kara Campbell – Regional Wildlife Biologist Eric Freeman – Regional Wildlife Biologist Mike McDonald – Regional Wildlife Manager Hollie Miyasaki – Wildlife Staff Biologist Dennis Newman – Regional Wildlife Manager Sierra Robatcek – Regional Wildlife Biologist Josh Rydalch – Team Leader & Regional Wildlife Biologist Tom Schrempp – Regional Wildlife Biologist Leona Svancara, PhD – GIS Analyst III Contributors: Nathan Borg – Regional Wildlife Biologist Mark Drew, DVM – Wildlife Veterinarian Jon Rachael – State Wildlife Manager Additional copies: Additional copies can be downloaded from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game website at fishandgame.idaho.gov Front Cover Photo: ©Justin Crook/Shutterstock Back Cover Photo: ©IDAHOFISHANDGAMESTAFF Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) adheres to all applicable state and federal laws and regulations related to discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, gender, disability or veteran’s status. If you feel you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility of IDFG, or if you desire further information, please write to: Idaho Department of Fish and Game, P.O. Box 25, Boise, ID 83707 or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Assistance, Mailstop: MBSP-4020, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, Telephone: (703) 358-2156. This publication will be made available in alternative formats upon request. Please contact IDFG for assistance. Costs associated with this publication are available from IDFG in accordance with Section 60-202, Idaho Code. Approved March 2020 Idaho Fish and Game Commission Meeting. Printed 9/2020/GG Idaho Department of Fish & Game iii Executive Summary hiras moose (Alces alces shirasi) occur across IDFG accomplish goals to maintain sustainable Smuch of Idaho, except in the southwest corner populations, improve habitat, and provide hunting of the state. Moose are highly valued by both opportunities. hunters and non-hunters, providing consumptive and non-consumptive opportunities which have IDFG has identified the need to improve economic and aesthetic value. Over the past techniques to estimate population size and century their known range has expanded from productivity, and address changes in these small areas of northern and eastern Idaho to measures over time. Causes of population their current distribution. Population size also changes, and what management strategies can increased during this time, likely peaking around be employed to address these fluctuations, the late 1990s or early 2000s. Current survey need to be addressed. Several factors, including data, anecdotal information, and harvest data predation, habitat, parasites, pathogens, indicate moose recently declined in parts of the changing climate, development, vehicle collisions, state. Several factors may be impacting moose and harvest can impact moose survival and populations, both positively and negatively, productivity. As portions of Idaho continue to including predation, habitat change (e.g., roads, change, identifying areas projected to experience development, and timber harvest), changing the greatest changes in moose numbers relative climate, disease, parasites, and combinations to potential environmental changes will help thereof. prioritize research and management. The Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) Moose use a wide variety of habitats in Idaho, was established to preserve, protect, perpetuate, including mesic habitats, aspen, dryland conifer, and manage all of Idaho’s fish and wildlife. As mountain shrub, and sagebrush steppe. During such, species management plans are written to winter they use a variety of habitats, including set statewide management direction to help fulfill sagebrush steppe and dense forest. Moose IDFG’s mission. Idaho’s prior moose management habitat can be broadly grouped into 3 types: plan (IDFG 1990) addressed providing a quality coniferous forests of northern Idaho; mixed hunting experience, vulnerability of moose to aspen and conifer forests of southeastern and illegal harvest, habitat protection, improving central Idaho; and riparian cottonwood and controlled hunt drawing odds, and expanding willow communities found in parts of southern moose populations into suitable ranges. The Idaho. Moose distribution was divided into 20 intent of this revision to the 1990 Moose Data Analysis Units (DAUs) based on current Management Plan is to provide guidance for IDFG knowledge of habitats, distribution, connectivity and their partners to implement management among populations, harvest, and other actions which will aid in conservation and management concerns (e.g., social tolerance). management of moose populations and guide Hunters are allowed to harvest one antlered and harvest recommendations for the next 6 years. one antlerless moose in Idaho in their lifetime, This plan directs IDFG to maintain or increase except Super Hunt tag winners and left-over tag moose populations and hunting opportunities holders may harvest a moose regardless of any across the state. To accomplish this goal, IDFG other moose harvest. All tags are issued under has identified statewide management directions a controlled hunt structure and are allocated and strategies and will engage partners interested through a random lottery system. Relatively few in moose management, including hunters, federal tags are offered and they are highly sought after, and state agencies, conservation organizations, with demand having increased over time. Moose tribes, and other interested individuals or groups are more vulnerable to human exploitation (e.g., in plan implementation. Partnerships can help unlawful harvest, hunting, and vehicle collisions) iv Idaho Department of Fish & Game Executive Summary than other ungulates, such as elk (Cervus Statewide moose management direction in this canadensis) or deer (Odocoileus spp.), due to plan includes their large size, high visibility, low population densities, habit of frequenting roadsides, and • Increase knowledge of moose survival, tendency to be less wary than other ungulates. recruitment, predation, habitat use, daily Moose are polygamous, allowing for more male movement, seasonal migration, and genetics; harvest than female harvest. However, male and impacts of disease, habitat changes, and moose cannot be harvested at rates similar to recreational activities; deer and elk because of lower densities and • Improve quality of moose population breeding behavior. monitoring data to better evaluate population Currently, more data are needed to monitor trends; population and productivity trends, identify • Create guidelines for moose translocations; causes of decline, and prescribe management actions. This plan identifies management • Collaborate with private landowners and land direction and strategies to gather data and management agencies to incorporate measures improve management of moose populations. that benefit moose in land use and resource Implementation of all strategies will be subject to management plans; and available funding and personnel. • Provide harvest opportunity while maintaining stable to increasing moose populations statewide. ©Aaron Groves for IDAHO FISH AND GAME Idaho Department of Fish & Game v Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................iv Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 Moose Management Plan (1990) Goals and Accomplishments ........................................................................1 Population Management .......................................................................................3 Distribution ..................................................................................................................................................................................4 Survival ..........................................................................................................................................................................................6 Population Monitoring ...........................................................................................................................................................8 Health Assessment and Disease ........................................................................10 Parasites and Pathogens ......................................................................................................................................................11 Genetic Diversity ......................................................................................................................................................................12 Monitoring ...................................................................................................................................................................................12 Translocation ..............................................................................................................................................................................12 Predation .....................................................................................................................15 Habitat ..........................................................................................................................17