DOCSLIB.ORG

GLOSSARY of OLD AKKADIAN Oi.Uchicago.Edu Oi.Uchicago.Edu

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GLOSSARY of OLD AKKADIAN Oi.Uchicago.Edu Oi.Uchicago.Edu oi.uchicago.edu GLOSSARY OF OLD AKKADIAN oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu MATERIALS FOR THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY NO. 3 GLOSSARY OF OLD AKKADIAN BY I. J. GELB THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO 37 Cambridge University Press, London, N.W. I, England. The University of Toronto Press, Toronto 5, Canada © 1957 by The University of Chicago. Published 1957. Printed by Cushing-Malloy, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA oi.uchicago.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE . ..................... vii ABBREVIATIONS............. ........ xv GLOSSARY .....................*. 1 NAMES POSSIBLY AKKADIAN. ........... 313 (0, oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu PREFACE The publication of the Glossary of Old Akkadian, announced in 1952, at the time when volumes I and II of the Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary were being issued, has been delayed until now for two main reasons, which have forced me to set aside, at least temporar- ily, the work on the present volume. The first reason, growing out of my preoccupation with the initial stages of publication of the Assyrian Dictionary, needs no further elaboration. The second reason is con- nected with the steadily growing mountain of new material, either pub- lished or made available to me through the kind cooperation of scholars everywhere, which had been accumulating while I was occupied by press- ing duties with a higher priority. The Glossary presents a picture of the Old Akkadian lexicographi- cal material from the oldest times down to the end of the third Dynasty of Ur. Two terms need an explanation. The term "glossary" means exactly what the term normally implies and no more. The Glossary con- tains words collected for the use of the Assyrian Dictionary, ordered according to form and rough semantic grouping, with translations intended solely to serve as a guide to future investigators of the meanings. The term "Akkadian" embraces probably more than the term implies since the Glossary includes a number of entries used as loan words in Sumerian, which may have been borrowed not from Akkadian but from other Semitic languages spoken in Mesopotamia or in the neighbor- ing areas. Similarly, in order not to prejudice the matter of their linguistic affiliation, all the non-Sumerian names marked as MAR.TU ("Amorite") have been included, as well as some names, such as I-la-sa- ma-ar or Mar-da-ba-an, which may be Amorite even through they are attested without the MAR.TU designation. The occurrence or lack of the designation MAR.TU is regularly marked in the Glossary. Three types of sources have been included in the Glossary. The primary sources, consisting of Akkadian words occurring in the Akkadian texts, and the secondary sources, consisting of Akkadian loan words in Sumerian and of Akkadian words which occur as elements in proper names in either Akkadian or Sumerian texts. The Glossary does not give a complete picture of the Old Akkadian lexicon as it can be reconstructed from the available sources, in that it has no entries which are written logographically only and for which vii oi.uchicago.edu no known syllabic spellings can be attested or safely reconstructed. I did collect for the use of the Assyrian Dictionary all the logographic spellings occurring in Old Akkadian, but have decided not to include them in the present Glossary as they would have required a different type of listing and would have doubled the size of this volume. Certain qualifications should be made in respect to the complete- ness of coverage of the Old Akkadian onomastic material. Originally, my plan was to excerpt completely all the Akkadian material found in personal names of the Pre-Sargonic and Sargonic sources, but to leave out the comparative material in the Ur III Period, relying on Schneider's publication in Orientalia XXIII-XXIV to take care of this portion of the Old Akkadian lexicon. This turned out to be impossible, however. So many important corrections and additions had to be made to the Schneider publication that in the middle of my work I was forced to revise my original plans and to collect the Ur III materials indepen- dently. Due to the immense number of the Ur III sources, it would have been impossible for me to collect the Ur III personal names as completely as I did the Pre-Sargonic and Sargonic names. Some short cut had to be made, and I have decided not to collect completely such common elements as abum, ilum, nadanum, for which ample documentation is attested. Thus the onomastic material is quoted fully for the Pre- Sargonic and Sargonic Periods but is quoted in selection in the Ur III Period when it was thought that the additional examples add nothing of importance to our knowledge of Akkadian in the Ur III Period. While personal names excerpted from the texts found in the Diyala region, Gasur, Susa in Elam, and from the Manistusu Obelisk are quoted simply with reference to D (and FM), G, E, and MO, it must be clearly understood that they have been collected directly from the respective text publications and not from the lists of personal names. The quota- tion of the lists of personal names, while it is a short-cut, is useful since the lists often quote many more references than are given in the Glossary. The specific sources are quoted fully in the case of readings which differ substantially from those found in the published lists of personal names. While words occurring in Old Akkadian sources are quoted with complete references, the personal names usually bear only one reference from each of the three periods of Old Akkadian, only in exceptional cases two or more. The + symbol after a reference means that there are more references which I have collected but have not quoted in the Glossary. This symbol is reliable in the case of Pre-Sargonic and viii oi.uchicago.edu Sargonic materials, which I have collected fully. Owing to my somewhat unsystematic method of collecting the Ur III onomastic material, I have the feeling that the + symbol will have to be added in many more in- stances of Ur III quotations than are so marked. This is also true of some very common Akkadian loan words occurring in the Ur III texts, which add nothing of lexical importance to the instances quoted in the Glossary. The three periods of Old Akkadian are distinguished, whenever necessary, by symbols "PSarg." for Pre-Sargonic, "Sarg." for Sargonic, and "U" or "Ur III" for Ur III. The symbol "PSarg." is regularly used with all occurrences of the Pre-Sargonic Period; the symbol "Sarg." is written only when needed in the discussion, it being taken for granted that lack of any symbol means that the occurrence is dated to the Sargonic Period. Since the majority of occurrences are from the Sargonic Period, it is important for the users of the Glossary to mark this point well. "U" or "Ur III" is used regularly with Ur III refer- ences, except in the cases of U followed by a number, which refer to Ur III personal names quoted after Schneider, Orientalia XXIII-XXIV. Comparative materials from later periods are regularly marked by abbre- viations denoting periods, such as OB, OA, MB, etc. Additional information is often found with references, giving the place of origin of the sources, such as Mari or Chagar Bazar. The Elamite sources are not marked because they can be easily recognized from the MDP references in which they were published. The "CM" abbre- viation (for Cruciform Monument) is given regularly after the reference to warn the readers of the spurious character of this source (cf. Gelb in JNES VIII 346ff.). The symbol "copy" after a reference means that the source is known only from a late copy and it may not reproduce correctly the older form of the language. Generally, this symbol is omitted in the case of such well-known texts as the royal inscriptions published in PBS V 34 + XV l1and UET I 274-276. For important dis- tinctions between different types of later copies of the Sargonic royal inscriptions, cf. MAD II 11. Two types of sources, one marked "Der" (inscriptions from Der) and the other "Voc. prat." (Vocabulaire pratique published in RA XVIII 49-78), have been included in the Glossary, even though they may have been composed in the early OB Period, because they contain materials linking them with the Ur III Period. A warning is also in order about the three texts published as Ur III in BE III 76-78 and included in the Glossary, even though their Ur III date, rather than early OB, may be in question. ix oi.uchicago.edu Personal names used for PSarg., Sarg., Gutian, etc. kings have no references since they can be easily found with the full critical appara- tus in Jacobsen, The Sumerian King List ( AS XI). Ur III dates are quoted generally after Ungnad, "Datenlisten" in Reallexikon der Assyri- ologie II 136ff. Only one, main, text is quoted in the case of the royal inscriptions, omitting the sometimes quite numerous duplicates. The entries in the Glossary are preceded by what normally would be called "roots," but what actually should be considered as a kind of consonantal skeleton, which is used to help in grouping related entries and in cross referencing. Thus while the "root" of qaqqadum is QDQD (or reduplicated QD) or, with vowels, qadqad, the consonantal skeleton given in the Glossary is QQD, reproducing the three occurring consonants of qaqqadum. Similarly anta is placed under the consonantal skeleton of INT and not N oro an.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Sumerian King List the Sumerian King List (SKL) Dates from Around 2100 BCE—Near the Time When Abram Was in Ur
    BcResources Genesis The Sumerian King List The Sumerian King List (SKL) dates from around 2100 BCE—near the time when Abram was in Ur. Most ANE scholars (following Jacobsen) attribute the original form of the SKL to Utu-hejel, king of Uruk, and his desire to legiti- mize his reign after his defeat of the Gutians. Later versions included a reference or Long Chronology), 1646 (Middle to the Great Flood and prefaced the Chronology), or 1582 (Low or Short list of postdiluvian kings with a rela- Chronology). The following chart uses tively short list of what appear to be the Middle Chronology. extremely long-reigning antediluvian Text. The SKL text for the following kings. One explanation: transcription chart was originally in a narrative form or translation errors resulting from and consisted of a composite of several confusion of the Sumerian base-60 versions (see Black, J.A., Cunningham, and the Akkadian base-10 systems G., Fluckiger-Hawker, E, Robson, E., of numbering. Dividing each ante- and Zólyomi, G., The Electronic Text diluvian figure by 60 returns reigns Corpus of Sumerian Literature (http:// in harmony with Biblical norms (the www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford bracketed figures in the antediluvian 1998-). The text was modified by the portion of the chart). elimination of manuscript references Final versions of the SKL extended and by the addition of alternative the list to include kings up to the reign name spellings, clarifying notes, and of Damiq-ilicu, king of Isin (c. 1816- historical dates (typically in paren- 1794 BCE). thesis or brackets). The narrative was Dates.
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF} Ancient Civilizations the Near East and Mesoamerica 2Nd Edition
    ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS THE NEAR EAST AND MESOAMERICA 2ND EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK C C Lamberg-Karlovsky | 9780881338348 | | | | | Ancient Civilizations The near East and Mesoamerica 2nd edition PDF Book Thanks to their artwork, we have a very good idea of how they looked: men of short stature, but with muscular bodies, that shaved their faces and heads. Their known homeland was centred on Subartu , the Khabur River valley, and later they established themselves as rulers of small kingdoms throughout northern Mesopotamia and Syria. Add to Wishlist. They are the most striking constructions in their monumental funerary complex, the position of which symbolized the journey of the deceased ruler to the western realm of the dead. The River Nile was the center of Egyptian life. Rating details. Later dynasties promoted the worship of Ra, the solar god who ruled the world. Deanne rated it really liked it Feb 15, Scholars even have used the term 'Aramaization' for the Assyro-Babylonian peoples' languages and cultures, that have become Aramaic-speaking. Laurelyn Anne added it Oct 23, It has Nefertiti on the front, need I say more? Luwian was also the language spoken in the Neo-Hittite states of Syria , such as Melid and Carchemish , as well as in the central Anatolian kingdom of Tabal that flourished around BC. Priests were seers who predicted the future, acted as oracles, explained dreams, and offered sacrifices. The great Sumerian invention was cuneiform writing, which made it possible to share their thoughts and the events that affected them with future generations. A'annepada Meskiagnun Elulu Balulu. Rick rated it it was amazing Oct 19, Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt Achaemenid conquest of Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case System of West-Semitized Amarna Akkadian
    THE CASE SYSTEM OF WEST-SEMITIZED AMARNA AKKADIAN MAARTEN KOSSMANN (LEIDEN) In describing Amarna Akkadian1), most authors have laid emphasis on the analysis of the verbal System. This is not at all surprising because the system is totally different from the one we find m Standard Akkadian and clearly reflects the West-Semitic system. As short final vowels are preserved in Amarna Akkadian, and so the original tense-aspect distinctions, the language is of vital importance m the reconstruction of Proto-West-Semitic. It is remarkable that hardly any work has been done on the case system. Apart from a few brief observations by Böhl and Dhorme2) and a few loose remarks in articles pnmarily dealing with other subjects, philological or linguistic3) or describing the entire grammar of one subcorpus4), no endeavour has, as far as I am aware, been made to analyse the case system. This is regrettable because from what we know of the verbal system we may assume that in Amarna Akkadian the case system too reflects West-Semitic usage to some extent. In Proto-West-Semitic, case was expressed mainly by short final vowels. Together with Ugaritic, Amarna Akkadian seems to show the most ancient West-Semitic case system attested. The Amarna Akkadian evidence is far more vaned and philologically far less complicated than the Ugaritic evidence, where we must inevitably confme ourselves to IH'-nouns. ') I am mdebted to Dr W H van Soldt and to Professor Dr F H H Kortlandt for readme H commentmg on an earher version of this article and to Dr G L van Dnem for correctmg
    [Show full text]
  • A Neo-Assyrian Legal Document from Tell Sitak
    Offprint from At the Dawn of History Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of J. N. Postgate Volume 1 edited by YAğmUR HEFFRON, ADAM STONE, and MARTIN WORTHINGTON Winona Lake, Indiana EISENBRAUNS 2017 Copyright © 2017 Eisenbrauns Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. www.eisenbrauns.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Heffron, Yağmur, editor. | Stone, Adam, 1981– editor. | Worthington, Martin, editor. | Postgate, J. N., honoree. Title: At the Dawn of History : Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of J.N. Postgate / edited by Yağmur Heffron, Adam Stone, and Martin Worthington. Description: Winona Lake, Indiana : Eisenbrauns, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references. | Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed. Identifiers: LCCN 2016049835 (print) | LCCN 2016049136 (ebook) | ISBN 9781575064741 (ePDF 2-volume set) | ISBN 9781575064710 (cloth, set 2 volumes : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781575064727 (volume 1 : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781575064734 (volume 2 : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Iraq—Civilization—To 634. | Iraq—History—To 634. | Iraq— Antiquities. | Civilization, Assyro-Babylonian. | Akkadian language—Texts. Classification: LCC DS69.5 (print) | LCC DS69.5 .A86 2017 (ebook) | DDC 935—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016049835 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.♾™ Contents Volume 1 Editors’ Preface . ix Nicholas Postgate’s Publications . xiii A Fragment of a Stele from Umma . 1 LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR In the Shade of the Assyrian Orchards . 7 MARIE-FRANÇOISE BESNIER The Šu-Suen Year 9 sa2-du11 ku5-ra2 Flour Dossier from Puzriš-Dagan .
    [Show full text]
  • Rules and Options
    Rules and Options The author has attempted to draw as much as possible from the guidelines provided in the 5th edition Players Handbooks and Dungeon Master's Guide. Statistics for weapons listed in the Dungeon Master's Guide were used to develop the damage scales used in this book. Interestingly, these scales correspond fairly well with the values listed in the d20 Modern books. Game masters should feel free to modify any of the statistics or optional rules in this book as necessary. It is important to remember that Dungeons and Dragons abstracts combat to a degree, and does so more than many other game systems, in the name of playability. For this reason, the subtle differences that exist between many firearms will often drop below what might be called a "horizon of granularity." In D&D, for example, two pistols that real world shooters could spend hours discussing, debating how a few extra ounces of weight or different barrel lengths might affect accuracy, or how different kinds of ammunition (soft-nosed, armor-piercing, etc.) might affect damage, may be, in game terms, almost identical. This is neither good nor bad; it is just the way Dungeons and Dragons handles such things. Who can use firearms? Firearms are assumed to be martial ranged weapons. Characters from worlds where firearms are common and who can use martial ranged weapons will be proficient in them. Anyone else will have to train to gain proficiency— the specifics are left to individual game masters. Optionally, the game master may also allow characters with individual weapon proficiencies to trade one proficiency for an equivalent one at the time of character creation (e.g., monks can trade shortswords for one specific martial melee weapon like a war scythe, rogues can trade hand crossbows for one kind of firearm like a Glock 17 pistol, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Tell Al-Imsihly: the 2000 and 2001 Seasons Hafiz Hussein Al-Hayyany, Qaiss Hussein Rasheed, Hussein Ali Hamza, and Mark Altaweel
    Report on Tell al-Imsihly: The 2000 and 2001 Seasons Hafiz Hussein Al-Hayyany, Qaiss Hussein Rasheed, Hussein Ali Hamza, and Mark Altaweel Introduction a ,(تل (الامسيحليThis article summarizes two seasons of excavations at Tell al-Imsihly prehistoric site nearly 5 kilometers south of Assur. Archaeological excavations were conducted by Iraq’s State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) over a period of two seasons starting in April 2000 and ending in late 2001. Iraqi archaeologists working at Assur were put in charge of investigating the site. Due to damage and incursions on the site from plowing and earthmoving activities, the goals of SBAH’s excavations were to obtain an idea of settlement chronology and activity within and just outside of Tell al-Imsihly. In 2006-2007, Dr. Altaweel collaborated with the Iraqi archaeologists who had excavated the site in order to assist in interpreting some of the archaeological data as well as publication of the excavations to a wide audience. Some original items and records from the excavations are not currently available, and perhaps lost, but the archaeological report compiled by Mr. Hamza and written in Arabic remains. In addition, many of the ceramic drawings and excavation photographs have survived. The data presented by the Arabic report are the basis of the presentation to follow, although some additional details have been provided by Altaweel. Site Background Tell al-Imsihly is located on the west bank of the Tigris along Wadi al-Imsihly, a wadi that flows north to south. Wadi al-Imsihly flows into Wadi al-Shbabit, which is a wadi that flows into the Tigris from west to east.
    [Show full text]
  • Neo-Assyrian Treaties As a Source for the Historian: Bonds of Friendship, the Vigilant Subject and the Vengeful KingS Treaty
    WRITING NEO-ASSYRIAN HISTORY Sources, Problems, and Approaches Proceedings of an International Conference Held at the University of Helsinki on September 22-25, 2014 Edited by G.B. Lanfranchi, R. Mattila and R. Rollinger THE NEO-ASSYRIAN TEXT CORPUS PROJECT 2019 STATE ARCHIVES OF ASSYRIA STUDIES Published by the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, Helsinki in association with the Foundation for Finnish Assyriological Research Project Director Simo Parpola VOLUME XXX G.B. Lanfranchi, R. Mattila and R. Rollinger (eds.) WRITING NEO-ASSYRIAN HISTORY SOURCES, PROBLEMS, AND APPROACHES THE NEO- ASSYRIAN TEXT CORPUS PROJECT State Archives of Assyria Studies is a series of monographic studies relating to and supplementing the text editions published in the SAA series. Manuscripts are accepted in English, French and German. The responsibility for the contents of the volumes rests entirely with the authors. © 2019 by the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, Helsinki and the Foundation for Finnish Assyriological Research All Rights Reserved Published with the support of the Foundation for Finnish Assyriological Research Set in Times The Assyrian Royal Seal emblem drawn by Dominique Collon from original Seventh Century B.C. impressions (BM 84672 and 84677) in the British Museum Cover: Assyrian scribes recording spoils of war. Wall painting in the palace of Til-Barsip. After A. Parrot, Nineveh and Babylon (Paris, 1961), fig. 348. Typesetting by G.B. Lanfranchi Cover typography by Teemu Lipasti and Mikko Heikkinen Printed in the USA ISBN-13 978-952-10-9503-0 (Volume 30) ISSN 1235-1032 (SAAS) ISSN 1798-7431 (PFFAR) CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. vii Giovanni Battista Lanfranchi, Raija Mattila, Robert Rollinger, Introduction ..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Sumerian Lexicon, Version 3.0 1 A
    Sumerian Lexicon Version 3.0 by John A. Halloran The following lexicon contains 1,255 Sumerian logogram words and 2,511 Sumerian compound words. A logogram is a reading of a cuneiform sign which represents a word in the spoken language. Sumerian scribes invented the practice of writing in cuneiform on clay tablets sometime around 3400 B.C. in the Uruk/Warka region of southern Iraq. The language that they spoke, Sumerian, is known to us through a large body of texts and through bilingual cuneiform dictionaries of Sumerian and Akkadian, the language of their Semitic successors, to which Sumerian is not related. These bilingual dictionaries date from the Old Babylonian period (1800-1600 B.C.), by which time Sumerian had ceased to be spoken, except by the scribes. The earliest and most important words in Sumerian had their own cuneiform signs, whose origins were pictographic, making an initial repertoire of about a thousand signs or logograms. Beyond these words, two-thirds of this lexicon now consists of words that are transparent compounds of separate logogram words. I have greatly expanded the section containing compounds in this version, but I know that many more compound words could be added. Many cuneiform signs can be pronounced in more than one way and often two or more signs share the same pronunciation, in which case it is necessary to indicate in the transliteration which cuneiform sign is meant; Assyriologists have developed a system whereby the second homophone is marked by an acute accent (´), the third homophone by a grave accent (`), and the remainder by subscript numerals.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13627-4 — The City of Babylon Stephanie Dalley Frontmatter More Information The City of Babylon The 2,000-year story of Babylon sees it moving from a city state to the centre of a great empire of the ancient world. It remained a centre of kingship under the empires of Assyria, Nebuchadnezzar, Darius, Alexander the Great, the Seleucids and the Parthians. Its city walls were declared to be a Wonder of the World while its ziggurat won fame as the Tower of Babel. Visitors to Berlin can admire its Ishtar Gate. The supposed location of its elusive Hanging Garden is explained. Worship of its patron god Marduk spread widely while its well-trained scholars communicated legal, administrative and literary works throughout the ancient world, some of which provide a backdrop to Old Testament and Hittite texts. Its science also laid the foundations for Greek and Arab astronomy through a millennium of continuous astronomical observations. This accessible and up-to- date account is by one of the world’s leading authorities. stephanie dalley is a member of the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford and an Honorary Senior Research Fellow of Somerville College. She has excavated in the Middle East and published cunei- form texts found in Iraq, Syria, and Jordan, and in museums in Baghdad, Oxford, London, and Edinburgh. She is the author of The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon (2013), which formed the basis for a successful TV documentary. Her other books include Myths from Mesopotamia (1986), The Legacy of Mesopotamia (1998), Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities (1984), and Esther’s Revenge at Susa (2007), some of which have been translated into other lan- guages.
    [Show full text]
  • Amarna Period Down to the Opening of Sety I's Reign
    oi.uchicago.edu STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION * NO.42 THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Thomas A. Holland * Editor with the assistance of Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber THE ROAD TO KADESH A HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE BATTLE RELIEFS OF KING SETY I AT KARNAK SECOND EDITION REVISED WILLIAM J. MURNANE THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION . NO.42 CHICAGO * ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 90-63725 ISBN: 0-918986-67-2 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 1985, 1990 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1990. Printed in the United States of America. oi.uchicago.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS List of M aps ................................ ................................. ................................. vi Preface to the Second Edition ................................................................................................. vii Preface to the First Edition ................................................................................................. ix List of Bibliographic Abbreviations ..................................... ....................... xi Chapter 1. Egypt's Relations with Hatti From the Amarna Period Down to the Opening of Sety I's Reign ...................................................................... ......................... 1 The Clash of Empires
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Kashmiri Proverbs & Sayings
    ^>\--\>\-«s-«^>yss3ss-s«>ss \sl \ I'!- /^ I \ \ "I I \ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library PN 6409.K2K73 A dictionary of Kashmiri proverbs & sayi 3 1924 023 043 809 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023043809 — : DICTIONARY KASHMIRI PROVERBS & SAYINGS Explained and Illustrated from the rich and interesting Folklore of the Valley. Rev. J. HINTON KNOWLES, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., &c., (C. M. S.) MISSIONARY TO THE KASHMIRIS. A wise man will endeavour " to understand a proverb and the interpretation." Prov. I. vv. 5, 6. BOMBAY Education Society's Press. CALCUTTA :—Thackbb, Spink & Co. LONDON :—Tetjenee & Co. 1885. \_All rights reserved.'] PREFACE. That moment when an author dots the last period to his manuscript, and then rises up from the study-chair to shake its many and bulky pages together is almost as exciting an occasion as -when he takes a quire or so of foolscap and sits down to write the first line of it. Many and mingled feelings pervade his mind, and hope and fear vie with one another and alternately overcome one another, until at length the author finds some slight relief for his feelings and a kind of excuse for his book, by writing a preface, in which he states briefly the nature and character of the work, and begs the pardon of the reader for his presumption in undertaking it. A winter in Kashmir must be experienced to be realised.
    [Show full text]
  • Asher-Greve / Westenholz Goddesses in Context ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources Asher-Greve, Julia M ; Westenholz, Joan Goodnick Abstract: Goddesses in Context examines from different perspectives some of the most challenging themes in Mesopotamian religion such as gender switch of deities and changes of the status, roles and functions of goddesses. The authors incorporate recent scholarship from various disciplines into their analysis of textual and visual sources, representations in diverse media, theological strategies, typologies, and the place of image in religion and cult over a span of three millennia. Different types of syncretism (fusion, fission, mutation) resulted in transformation and homogenization of goddesses’ roles and functions. The processes of syncretism (a useful heuristic tool for studying the evolution of religions and the attendant political and social changes) and gender switch were facilitated by the fluidity of personality due to multiple or similar divine roles and functions. Few goddesses kept their identity throughout the millennia. Individuality is rare in the iconography of goddesses while visual emphasis is on repetition of generic divine figures (hieros typos) in order to retain recognizability of divinity, where femininity is of secondary significance. The book demonstrates that goddesses were never marginalized or extrinsic and thattheir continuous presence in texts, cult images, rituals, and worship throughout Mesopotamian history is testimony to their powerful numinous impact. This richly illustrated book is the first in-depth analysis of goddesses and the changes they underwent from the earliest visual and textual evidence around 3000 BCE to the end of ancient Mesopotamian civilization in the Seleucid period.
    [Show full text]