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A Tectonic Study of a Part of the Northern Eagle Cap Wilderness Area, Northeastern Oregon

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A Tectonic Study of a Part of the Northern Eagle Cap Wilderness Area, Northeastern Oregon Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 5-3-1973 A Tectonic Study of a Part of the Northern Eagle Cap Wilderness Area, Northeastern Oregon Kenneth Gordon Neal Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Geology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Neal, Kenneth Gordon, "A Tectonic Study of a Part of the Northern Eagle Cap Wilderness Area, Northeastern Oregon" (1973). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2037. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2036 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF TH E TIIESIS OF Kenneth Gordon Neal for the Master of Science in the Department of Earth Sciences presented May 3, 1973. Title: A Tectonic Study of a Part of the northern Eagle Cap 'Wilderness Area, northeastern Oregon. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF TIIE THESlS COMMITTEE: -]ohhI Eliot Allen, Chairman Giltrert 'T. �iison' Upper Triassic metavolcanic and metasedibientary strata in the study area are intruded by the Hurricane Divide and Craig Moill1tain Plutons of the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous Wallowa Batholith. The Clover Creek Greenstone is over- lain by the Martin Bridge Limestone, which is in tum overlain by the Hurwal Argillite; although the sequence is in normal stratigraphic order, contacts are generally tectonjc. Concurrent with Early-Middle Jurassic regional deformation, � during ':"h ch the strata were folded about northeast trending axes and intruded by intermediate to maf ic dikes, emplacement of the pl utans of the Wallowa Batholith began. The plutons intruded vertically through the greenstone and limestone and then horizontally above the greenstone. This resulted in intense penetrative plastic deformation particularly of the Martin Bridge Limestone. Emplacement of the Hurricane Divide Pl.utan followed a northeast axis, and resulted in isoclinal folding and the formation of northerly trending synformal anticlines in the Martin Bridge atop a zone of uncoupling between the plastic limestone and the more rigid underlying Clover Creek metavolcanic basement. Subsequent final emplacement of the Craig Mountain Pl.utan caused cross folding of these anticlinal structures. Granitic plutonism was followed by regional uplift with associated faulting and erosion. Miocene Colwnbia River Basalt flood lavas were injected along many of the more northerly trending of these faults. This magmatism was concurrent with or followed by block uplift on the order of 1800 m of the Wallowa Mountains along the Wallowa Fault. A TECTONIC STUDY OF A PART OF 1HE NORTHERN EAGLE CAP WILDERNESS AREA, NORTHEASTERN OREGON by KENNETH GORDON NEAL A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in GEOLOGY Portland State University 1973 TO THE OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH: The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Kenneth Gordon Neal presented May 3, 1973 John Eliot Allen, Chairman Paul E. Hammond APPROVED: 'Joli\1 Eli�len, Head, Department of Earth Sciences David T. Clark, Dean of Graduate Studies ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author thanks: Paul Ewing III, Jeff Pickering, Dale Rohrer, and Lou Custer, for time and energy expended as field assistants; The Mazamas, for a research grant which partially financed this project; Professor Paul E. Hammond, Paul Ewing III, Dale Rohrer, and the U.S. Forest Service, for photographs used to illustrate the text; Hal Scofield, for preparation of photographs; Chris Lewis, for typing the manuscript; Professors John Eliot Allen, Gilbert T. Benson, and Paul E, Hammond, for their advice and editing; Professor Bruce Nolf of Central Oregon College, for helpful discussion; Mr. and Mrs. L. D. (Bob) Bailey of Enterprise, Oregon, for their fine hospitality during trips to town; and his wife, Mary, for support and encouragement which made the project a success. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLE:)1.; EMENTS iii • LIST OF FIGURES •••oOqe "ii • vi x LIST OF PLATES •••• •Oaaoo• a PURPOSE OF STUDY 1 PREVIOUS WORK • • a • • • • • • 2 METHODS OF ANALYSIS • 4 • 6 LOCATION AND ACCESS . • 0 9 GEOMORPHOLOGY • • 11 CLIMATE AND VEG ETAT ION. • . DESCRIPTION OF ROCK UNITS •• 13 • 15 STRATIFIED MESOZOIC ROCK UNITS • L CLOVER CREEK FORMATION • • • • • 16 General Discussion Lithology Outcrops and Contact Relationships Thickness IL MARTIN BRIDGE FORMATION. Gy•O ••oa••a•oa 18 General Description Lithology and Age Outcrops and Exposur es v Thickness Contact Relationships IIL HURWAL FORMATION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 23 General Description Lithology and Thickness Age Outcrops and Exposures Contact Relationships MESOZOIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS a o • g • a 0 e G D 27 L INTERMEDIATE-MAP IC COMPLEX • 28 • • IL WALLOWA BATHOLITH • • • • 0 • • a 29 General Discussion Plutons in the Study Area Granitic Dikes Age of Rocks Contact Relationships and Mineralization COLUMBIA RIVER BASALT . 35 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 37 L JURASSIC REG ION AL DEFORMATION 39 IL DEFORMATION RELATED TO THE WALLOW A BATHOLITH 42 Domain 1 - Hurwal Divide Domain 2 - Sacajawea Peak and the Matterhorn Boudinage Interpretation of Jurassic Structures Final Granitic Dike Set IIL POST-BATHOLITH REGIONAL UPLIFT. 78 SUMMARY GEOLOGIC HISTORY • 81 REFERENCES 82 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1 Location map • • • • • . 7 • . 2 U -shaped glacial valley, Hurricane Creek . 10 3 Stratigraphic sequence, northern Wallowa Mountains . 14 4 Photograph of isoclinal folding in metamorphosed Martin Bridge Limestone ••••eoeaa••••••• •••••• 20 5 Martin Bridge-Clover Creek contact, ridge south of B. C. Basin 22 6 Martin Bridge-Hurwal contact, east flank of Hurwal Divide 26 7 Sketch map of relative pluton locations, northern Wallowa Mountains • • e • e • D • G 30 8 Intrusive contact, Ice Lake • 34 9 Five meter thick Columbia River Basalt feeder dike near Thorp Creek. • . 36 10 Schematic block diagram of styles of deformation related to each tectonic event. • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38 11 Schematic diagram of stratigraphic relationships, Hells Canyon 40 12 Map of equal area domains • • • • • • • • • • • ct • • 0 43 13 Steep westward dipping fold axial planes in marble, east flanks of Hurwal Divide • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • 0 • • • 44 vii FIGURE PAGE 14 Tight isoclinal folding of marble adjacent to the Adam Creek Stock . • . o • • 46 15 Steep eastward dipping fold axial planes in marble, west flanks of Hurwal Divide • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • 47 16 Equal area plot of poles of planes of bedding and foliation, Martin Ilridge and Hurwal Formations, east flank of Hurwal Divide • • • • • 0 • • • 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • 48 17 Equal area plot of poles of planes of bedding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, west flank of Hurwal Pivide • • o • • • a D a o o • • • • • • • • o • 48 18 Cross sectional relationships as seen on Hurwal Divide looking north from Adam Creek , • • • • • • • • • • • 19 Equal area plot of poles of planes of bedding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, Thorp Creek valley (Harris Basin). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50 20 Face on southeast flank of Sacajawea Peak cutting across structure ·v • • I • • • o o • • • e o • o a o • o • 52 21 Southward continuation of folding to Hurwal Divide from the outcrop pictured in Fig. 20 • • • • • • • • • • • • 53 22 Steep westward dipping fold axial planes, east flanks of the Matterhorn . D ••••••••••• 54 viii FIGURE PAGE 23 Headwall, north cirque, Sacajawea Peak, as viewed from the no rth • • • • • • 0 0 0 56 24 Eastward dipping fold axial planes, west face of the Matter­ horn-Sacajawea ridge near Fullington Creek • • • • • • 57 25 Equal area plot of poles of planes of bedding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, east flanks of Sacajawea Peak and the Matterhorn • • • • • • • • • • 58 26 Equal area plot of poles of planes of bedding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, cirque north of Sacajawea Peak • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 58 27 Equal area plot of poles of planes of bedding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, west flank of Sacajawea Peak and the Matterhorn •• 59 28 View south from Deadman :Meadow of Sacajawea Peak. • 60 29 Hurwal Argillite folded synclinally in axis of synformal anticline, Sacajawea Peak • • • • • • • • • . 61 30 Matterhorn Synform, viewed from the south. 0 • • • • 62 31 Equal area plot of poles of planes of bedding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, Ice Lake Cross Fold 64 32a Break in trend, Ice Lake Cross Fold, Hurwal Divide, viewed from the south. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 65 viii FIGURE PAGE 23 Headwall, north cirque, Sacajawea Peak, as viewed from the north • • • • 56 24 Eastward dipping fold axial planes, west face of the Matter­ horn-Sacajawea ridge near Fullington Creek • • • • • • 57 25 Equal area plot of poles of planes of redding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, east flanks of Sacajawea Peak and the Matterhorn • • • • • • • • • • 58 26 Equal area plot of poles of planes of redding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, cirque north of Sacajawea Peak . • . o • • • • • • o • • • • 58 27 Equal area plot of poles of planes of redding and foliation, Martin Bridge and Hurwal Formations, west flank of Sacajawea Peak and the Matterhorn •• 59 28 View south from Deadman Meadow
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