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Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae Collected in Baited Funnel Traps on Drummond Island, Chippewa County, Michigan Robert A

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Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae Collected in Baited Funnel Traps on Drummond Island, Chippewa County, Michigan Robert A Haack: Bark- and Wood-Infesting Insects Collected on Drummond Island 2020 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 73 Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae Collected in Baited Funnel Traps on Drummond Island, Chippewa County, Michigan Robert A. Haack USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 3101 Technology Blvd., Suite F, Lansing, MI 48910 (e-mail: [email protected] (emeritus)) Abstract Trapping of bark- and wood-infesting insects in 2015 and 2016 at multiple locations on Drummond Island in northern Lake Huron, using baited multi-funnel traps, yielded 4 species of Buprestidae, 24 Cerambycidae, and 4 Siricidae. In 2015, all funnel traps were baited with the plant volatiles α-pinene, ethanol, and cis-3-hexenol, and were either black or green in color, and placed either at heights similar to the lower canopy of nearby trees (4-5 m) or at 1-2 m above groundline. In 2016, all traps were green, hung at 1-2 m above groundline, and baited with the cerambycid pheromones fuscumol acetate, monochamol, and syn-(2,3)-hexanediol. In 2015, 29 species of Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae were captured, compared with 9 cerambycids in 2016. The original target insect, emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive pest from Asia, was not trapped in either year. Keywords: Borers, Agrilus planipennis, funnel trap, lures, trap height, trap color Drummond Island is Michigan’s ican beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), white second largest island, covering about 130 ash (Fraxinus americana L.), black ash (F. square miles (≈ 83,131 ac or 33,642 ha) with nigra Marshall). green ash (F. pennsylvanica 58% being state-owned and managed by the Marshall), American hophornbeam [Ostrya Michigan Department of Natural Resources virginiana (Mill.) K.Koch], balsam poplar as part of the Lake Superior State Forest (Populus balsamifera L.), bigtooth aspen (P. (Karen Rodock, Michigan DNR, personal grandidentata Michaux), trembling aspen communication). Drummond Island lies (P. tremuloides Michx.), northern red oak near the northwestern end of Lake Huron (Quercus rubra L.), and American basswood and is the easternmost point of Michigan’s (Tilia americana L.) (Scharf and Chamber- Upper Peninsula (Fig. 1a). The bedrock on lin 1978, Weatherbee 2014, MDNR 2015, Drummond Island is largely limestone and Reznicek et al. 2016, Lincoln 2018). dolomite (a magnesium rich limestone), and In 2015, at the time this study began, in many areas is exposed at the surface, the Asian buprestid known as the emerald forming broad, flat expanses known as alvars ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fair- that are covered with little or no soil and maire) had not yet been found on Drummond usually dominated by grasses and sedges Island, but populations were nearby in both (Lincoln 2018). parts of Michigan and Ontario, Canada. Several tree species occur on Drum- EAB was first detected in North America in mond Island and other nearby islands. The 2002 near Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, most common conifers include balsam fir Ontario (Haack et al. 2002, 2015), and has [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.], tamarack [Larix now spread to 35 US states and 5 Canadian laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch], white spruce provinces as of June 2020 (EAB Info 2020). [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss], black spruce EAB was first detected in Michigan’s Upper [Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Peninsula in 2005 on the shores of Lake Poggenburg], red pine (Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Superior in Brimley State Park, Chippewa Aiton), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), north- County (Storer et al. 2009; Fig. 1a). In 2008, ern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.), and EAB was detected in Sault Ste. Marie, On- eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Car- tario, located near the northern end of the St. rière]. Similarly, the most common hardwood Marys River, which connects Lake Superior tree species include red maple (Acer rubrum to Lake Huron (Fig. 1a). In 2009, EAB was L.), sugar maple (A. saccharum Marshall), detected across the St. Marys River in Sault yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), Ste. Marie, MI. In nearby areas, EAB was paper birch (B. papyrifera Marshall), Amer- next reported on Sugar Island (Michigan) in Published by ValpoScholar, 1 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 53, No. 1 [], Art. 12 74 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 53, Nos. 1–2 Figure 1. A. Outline map of Drummond Island (DI), surrounding islands and mainland of Michigan and Ontario, Canada. See text for historical spread of emerald ash borer in this area. Codes are: BSP = Brimley State Park; CI = Cockburn Island; NI = Neebish Island; SI = Sugar Island; SJI = St Joseph Island; SMR = St. Marys River; S-M = Sault Ste. Marie, MI; and S-O = Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. B. Outline map of Drummond Island and surrounding islands that comprise Drummond Island Township, Michigan, indicating the 2015 and 2016 trapping locations, which were from north to south, Bruce Point (B), GEMS (Grouse Enhanced Management Systems; G), boat launch site to First Lake (1st), Wa-Wen Resort (W), Arrow Island (AI), Dix Point (D), Township Park (P), Anderson Point (A), and Helen Lake (H). Drummond Island is to the left of the red asterisk in the inset map of Michigan. 2012 and then on St Joseph Island (Ontario) land. The last trapping site was located on in 2014 (Fig. 1a). the southwestern side of Drummond Island The initial objective of the present along the shoreline forest edge of Anderson study in 2015 was to monitor for presence Point (A; N 45.9576°, W 83.8431°) near Fair- of EAB on Drummond Island by setting view Cove, where the author has a cabin. Ash out baited funnel traps at various locations trees were common at four of the trapping around the island. In 2016 another survey sites (AI, B, 1st, and W) but rare at the other took place, but smaller in scale, using funnel two sites (A and D; Fig. 1b). traps with different baits. In this paper a list Traps were deployed during 4–6 June is presented of the bark- and wood-boring 2015 and taken down on 3 October 2015 Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae (≈ 120 trapping days). The traps were that were collected during the 2-year study. checked irregularly, usually every 3–4 Methods: 2015 Study. Six trapping weeks. A kayak was used to reach the traps sites were selected in 2015, five on Drum- on Arrow Island. At each site, four 12-unit mond Island itself and one on Arrow Island funnel traps (Contech Enterprises Inc., (AI; N 46.0236° Lat, W 83.8239° Long), a Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) were small (2.5 ac, 1 ha), state-owned island near deployed. Two of the traps had black fun- (0.4 km) the west side of Drummond Island nels and two had green funnels like those (Fig. 1b). The other sites were generally pictured in Petrice and Haack (2015). The located on the eastern side of Drummond Is- funnels of all traps were coated with Fluon land, anticipating that if EAB were to fly over (Northern Products Inc., Woonsocket, RI), a water to Drummond Island they would come slippery substance that improves trapping from infestations to the west in Michigan’s efficiency (Graham et al. 2010). Two traps, Upper Peninsula or from the north on St. one of each color, were suspended from Joseph Island (Fig. 1a). The northernmost branches in the lower canopy of dominant trapping site was located on Bruce Point (B; trees so that the bottom of the collection cup N 46.0908°, W 83.7194°) on state land with was about 4-5 m above groundline. The other traps placed in trees near the shoreline (Fig. two traps, one of each color, were suspended 1b). Moving southward, traps were placed in the understory, using lower branches of along the forest edge at Wa-Wen Resort (W; trees so that the collection cup was about 1 N 46.0332°, W 83.6756°) near the shoreline of m above groundline. Typically, the two traps Potagannissing Bay. More inland, traps were of the same color were suspended from the placed along the forest edge of the Potagan- same tree or two trees within 5 m of each nissing River on state land near the parking other. The two other traps were suspended lot where boats are launched to enter First from one or two trees that were at least 10 Lake (1st; N 46.0416°, W 83.6544°). The next m away from the first pair. Traps were sus- trapping site was along the forest edge at Dix pended from ash trees at four sites (1st, AI, Point (D; N 46.0251°, W 83.8419°) on state B, and W), but not the other two sites (A and https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol53/iss1/12 2 Haack: Bark- and Wood-Infesting Insects Collected on Drummond Island 2020 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 75 D) where no ash trees were nearby. Most of suspended from lower tree branches so the selected ash trees had some branch die- that the collection cup was about 1 m above back, but none had signs of EAB infestation groundline. The collection cups were pre- (e.g., EAB adult exit holes or EAB larval gal- pared as in 2015. The lures used on each leries; Haack et al. 2015). In all cases, traps trap included one fuscumol acetate bubble were suspended so that they were clearly cap with a release rate of 2 mg/day at visible, and any interfering branches were 20 °C (Synergy Semiochemicals Corporation, pruned. The base of the collection cups had Delta, BC), one monochamol bubble cap with a small screen funnel to allow rainwater to a release rate of ~750 ug/day at 20 °C (Syner- drain.
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