Site Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SSE & SMP)

Site No. 14

Kalawana Gamini Central College

Ratnapura District - Package 2

September 2018

Prepared for:

Sri Lanka Landslide Mitigation Project

Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

Prepared by:

Environmental Studies and Services Division National Building Research Organization 99/1, Jawatta Rd 05

Tel: 011-2588946, 011-2503431, 011-22500354

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Location details and site description ...... 1 3. Landslide hazard incident details ...... 2 4. Description of any remedial measures already undertaken to reduce the potential risk ...... 4 5. Description of the area of the landslide and areas adjacent to the landslide and current level of risk . 4 6. Brief description on the surrounding environment with special reference to sensitive elements that may be affected by the project actions ...... 5 7. Description of the works envisaged under the project ...... 5 8. Identification of social and environmental impacts and risks related to the works ...... 5 8.1 Positive impacts ...... 5 8.2 Negative impacts ...... 5 8.2.1 Loosing access to land and future development activities ...... 5 8.2.2 Ecological, biological impacts, and fauna and flora ...... 5 8.2.3 Impact on the drainage pattern of the area ...... 6 8.2.4 Erosional impacts and stream bed alterations ...... 6 8.2.5 Water pollution impacts from construction activities ...... 6 8.2.6 Open defecation and waterborne infections spread during construction phase ...... 6 8.2.7 Impacts on the downstream water uses: ...... 6 8.2.8 Solid waste disposal issues ...... 6 8.2.9 Air pollution impacts ...... 6 8.2.10 Noise pollution, Vibration, blasting, impacts during construction, potential damage to buildings, infrastructure ...... 6 8.2.11 Relations between workers and the people living in the vicinity of the site and possibility of disputes ...... 7 8.2.12 Work camps and lay-down sites requirement ...... 7 8.2.13 Risks of public accessing the site during construction ...... 7 8.2.14 Explosive hazards and hazardous materials ...... 7 8.2.15 Safety to the public from construction activities: High risk for commuters...... 7 8.2.16 Workers safety during construction ...... 7 9. Public and Stakeholder Consultations - that have been held and/or will be held ...... 8 9.1 Stakeholders involved in the consultations any recommendations or agreements reached in the consultations (Ref: annexure III) ...... 8 10. Significant Environmental and Social Impacts: Social or Environmental impacts or risks that will require special measures on the part of NBRO ...... 8 10.1 Impacts on water or wetlands (issues relating to changes or contamination of streams, rivers and other bodies of water, typically downstream from the site). Long-term impacts and potential impacts and risks during construction/remediation of the landslide site: ...... 8 10.2 Erosional impacts and stream bed alterations ...... 8 10.3 Impacts on transport infrastructure (especially temporary loss of road or rail access, risks of traffic congestion) ...... 8

10.4 Impacts on downstream service provision (water supply, sewerage, electricity, etc.) ...... 8 10.5 Households living in high-risk or medium-risk areas adjacent or near to the site (up-slope, down- slope, downstream, etc.) ...... 8 10.6 Areas used for businesses, agriculture or other within the area to be remediated ...... 8 10.7 Areas used for businesses, agriculture or other immediately to the site ...... 8 10.8 Need for people to enter or cross the site ...... 9 10.9 Priority Health and Safety Issues. Specific H&S concerns that require measures that go beyond the standard contractual requirements for contractors ...... 9 10.10 Child labour & forced labour ...... 9 10.11 Cracks in the buildings due to vibration impacts ...... 9 10.12 Exposure of school children to Noise and dust pollution ...... 9 11 Clearances, no objection, consent and approvals required for the implementation of the project ...... 9 11.1 Project implementation ...... 9 11.2 Approval to implement the project in the specified site ...... 9 11.3 Approval from environmental authority, Department of Forest, Department of Wildlife Conservation ...... 10 11.4 Other approvals ...... 10 11.5 Consent/ no objection/ legally bound agreement from the private land ownerships ...... 10 12. Environmental Social Management Plan (ESMP) ...... 10 12.1 Resettlement action plan ...... 10 12.2 Evacuation of people ...... 10 12.3 Procedure for removal of damaged structures, facilities infrastructure ...... 11 12.4 Requirement for compensation for loss of property /uses due to project actions ...... 11 12.5 Public awareness and education- needed for following areas ...... 11 12.6 Design based environmental/ social management considerations ...... 11 12.7 Mitigation of impacts during the construction phase ...... 12 12.7.1 Construction contractors’ requirement to comply with environmental and social management during the construction phase ...... 12 12.7.2 Site specific mitigation ...... 14 13. Monitoring requirements specific to the site ...... 15 14. Grievance redress mechanism for this site ...... 16 15. Information disclosure ...... 16

List of Annexures Annexure I: Drone image of the project area ...... i Annexure 1I: Images of the site condition and the consultation ...... ii Annexure III: Report on the Stakeholder Consultation: District ...... iii Annexure IV: Study team ...... v Annexure V: List of references ...... v

List of Figures

Fig 1: Google image of the proposed landslide mitigation site and surrounding environmental features and service infrastructure ...... 2 Fig 2a: Existing retaining wall behind the primary school building...... 3 Fig 2b: Area of cut slope ...... 3 Fig 2c: Area of the cut slope near to pump house- a water tank is kept above the motor room ...... 3 Fig 2d: Three story building located upslope area beyond the road ...... 3 Fig 3: Diagrammatic interpretation of affected slope area and buildings due to ground movement ...... 4

List of Tables Table 1 : Tentative timeline for getting approvals ...... 10 Table 2 : Design stage Environmental & Social considerations ...... 11 Table 3 : Contractor requirement to comply with ES & HS ...... 13 Table 4 : Site specific ES & HS mitigatory measures ...... 14 Table 5 : Environmental and Social monitoring plan; construction phase ...... 16 Table 6 : Proposed scheme of information disclosure ...... 17 Table 7 : Level of information gathered through consulting institutions ...... 17

Abbreviations

AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank CEA Central Environmental Authority DFC Department of Forest Conservation DS Divisional Secretary DWLC Department of Wild Life Conservation EH & S Environmental Health & Social E & SU of PMU Environmental & Social Unit of Project Management Unit E & S & H & S unit of PMU Environmental & Social & Health & Safety Unit of Project Management Unit ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental Social Management Plan GN Grama Niladhari GOSL Government of GSMB Geological & Mines Bureau LRC Land Reforms Commission NBRO National Building Research Organization RDA Road Development Authority SSE & SMP Site Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan

1. Introduction

The Government of Sri Lanka intends obtaining a loan from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) for mitigating/rectifying unstable slopes in high risk areas especially in 11 districts of 06 provinces of the country. The project requires to be implemented in accordance with environmental and social safeguards and mandates of the AIIB and that of Sri Lanka. Considering the nature of project actions and its implementation, an environmental and social management framework has been (ESMF) prepared as required by the AIIB environmental and social safeguard policy.

The purpose of the environmental and social management framework (ESMF) is to provide a guide for application of AIIB safeguards and national environmental and social mandates during the implementation of project actions. The project implementing agency; National Building Research Organization (NBRO) is expected to ensure implementation of environmental and social management plans prepared under the ESMF during all phases of project implementation so that the impacts on the environment and community are minimum.

During the scoping exercise it was revealed that the environmental & social setting, and health & safety conditions are more site specific, and require to be addressed specific to site conditions. Therefore, the ESMF has recommended a site specific environmental and social assessments followed by Site Specific Environmental and Social Management Plans (SSE & SMP) for each site. The SSE & SMP gives planning, design, construction and operation phase environmental, social, and health & safety management measures to be considered in the project implementation. This is the site specific environmental and social management plan for Kalawana Gamini Central College landslide mitigation site. The plan has been prepared by an in-depth environmental and social assessment to; i. Identify sensitive environmental and social elements in the project influence area ii. Identify significant environmental and social impacts due to project actions iii. Propose mitigation measures iv. Decide appropriate environmental and social monitoring requirements specific to this project v. Study relevant environmental regulation and procedures to be followed during project implementation specific to the site

2. Location details and site description

Site reference: Site No.14, Package-2, , Kalawana Gamini Central College

Site Details i. The site falls administratively under Kalawana Grama Niladhari Division (GN Division) of Kalawana Divisional Secretariat Division (DS Division), Ratnapura District of . The location is at the primary section of Gamini Central College, Koswatta located left hand side of Kalawana - Weddagala Road. ii. The nearest town to the site is Kalawana, about 1.5 km from the site. iii. GPS reference of the site is 6 .520525 N & 80. 393816 E.: Ref. Fig 1.Google Map of the location. iv. The land belongs to the school (belongs to Department of Education). v. The school has a student population of 1457 from grade 1-13 and 69 teachers.

1

Fig 1: Google image of the proposed landslide mitigation site and surrounding environmental features and service infrastructure. Ref Annexure I. drone image of the project area for details. 3. Landslide hazard incident details

Bank failure was observed on May 2017 with the precipitation of >300 mm in the area. About 900 m2 of the slope has been affected due to the incident. The crown of the cut slope section is a road. The cut slope has created a tension crack of about 10 feet long near the road. There are two buildings either sides of the road (upslope a three story building and the down slope is a single story- class rooms for grade one students) a half constructed 8 feet retaining wall is there at the lower bank of the slope.

The damages occurred due to incident Initially, a tension crack had appeared on the crown area of the slope where there is a road, to an access road to temple; Koswatte Bauddhramaya. The school management had observed the water flowing through this crack and across cut slope near the motor room, the prolonged seepage of water through the crack has resulted cut slope to fail. Ref. Fig 2: Images of the project area.

2

Fig 2a: Existing retaining wall behind the primary Fig 2b: Area of cut slope school building.

Fig 2c: Area of the cut slope near to pump house- a Fig 2d: Three story building located upslope area water tank is kept above the motor room beyond the road

Fig 2: Images of the project area

3

Fig 3: Diagrammatic interpretation of affected slope area and buildings due to ground movement

4. Description of any remedial measures already undertaken to reduce the potential risk A request was made by Kalawana Divisional Secretary to NBRO district office to inspect and report the risk on school buildings due to the tension crack appeared on the road. Accordingly, a team of District office NBRO has inspected the site on February 2017 before the incident; slope failure. According to the report, at the time of inspection, the lower slope is moving and the tension crack is widening. Evacuations: Primary section school building has been completely evacuated and currently the classes are held in a temporally constructed building at the Buddhist Temple; Koswatte Bauddhramaya. Activities of the three story building has been discontinued during rainy period; the classes and English activities during the rainy season are not conducted, and are carried out in adjoining Mahindodaya Hall and in other school buildings.

5. Description of the area of the landslide and areas adjacent to the landslide and current level of risk The affected site is located in Gamini Central College, Koswatta. Due to this hazard, two buildings (B1- primary and B2- three story building are at high risk. (Ref. Report No. NBRO/ (L1)/17/027. A partially built wall can be seen behind the building of primary section. The slope cut behind the school buildings is highly unstable and is currently subjected to erosion. The three – story building located on the crown area, adjoining the road and building of primary section just down slope are at risk. Further movement of the slope or a collapse may pose both direct and indirect impacts on the following sensitive elements. If the site is left un-attended further propagation of tension crack leading to failure of the slope may occur. This will result damage to two buildings at down slope and upslope, the road will be damaged affecting the pedestrians and commuters (travelling of school children, devotees and religious functions in the temple) on the road. If the site is left unattended the school population and buildings would be at risk due to structural damage imposed by the moving slope, and this may result abandonment of the building because the property would not be safe any further.

4

6. Brief description on the surrounding environment with special reference to sensitive elements that may be affected by the project actions

The affected site is a school premise which has buildings at different elevations, where the terrain has been largely modified to allow room for buildings and walkways. Vegetation has been cleared a lot for buildings. However, some patches of trees are kept to provide shade and protection against slope erosion. Disturbed vegetation with tree species are present on the sloppy ground sections. The trees are mainly homestead species. The common tree species that were observed in the site are Jack, Mango, Olive and the ground layer consisting of grasses and herbs common to homesteads in the area. There are several houses located left hand side of the road accessing the school. No forested areas, wild life reservations, environmentally sensitive habitats found within the study area. No ecologically significant habitats found.

The elements and services at risk during the project implementation are:

i. The two school buildings at upslope and downslope ii. School children, teachers, staff iii. Road traffic and commuters on the road and pedestrians iv. The priests, worshippers, devotees in the Buddhist temple and the religious events v. Occupants of the houses closer to the road vi. The water sump near by the primary school building (down slope)

7. Description of the works envisaged under the project

The proposed mitigation works will be largely concentrated on i) slope reinforcement by a retaining wall and a ii) surface drainage modification and iii) surface erosion control. This will include construction of a retaining wall, permanent structures to convey the surface runoff through proper surface drains system and surface treatment to control erosion.

8. Identification of social and environmental impacts and risks related to the works

8.1 Positive impacts The improved slope stability with the proposed structural mitigation will enhance significantly the safety of school population and property, the safety of commuters of the road and the devotees of the temple and the function. The project has a strong positive impacts on the safety of students and teachers of Gamini Vidyalaya. Current, tight arrangement of classes can be relaxed and students can occupy the two buildings currently at risk. The road will be safe for commuters and devotees of the Buddhist temple

8.2 Negative impacts

The mitigation works are generally confined to an area which is already disturbed by a slope failure. Therefore, negative impacts are much localized and also limited mostly to construction period.

8.2.1 Loosing access to land and future development activities

The mitigation activities will be carried out in the school premises. Currently the nearest building to the cut slope is evacuated. NBRO has advised to evacuate these buildings. The project will not result loss to land ownership of school. During the process of mitigation, the primary school building will not be removed. No impact on accessing the site and not significant impact on electricity and telephone lines, and road structure.

8.2.2 Ecological, biological impacts, and fauna and flora

The project will be confined to a smaller area of the slope which is already a degraded land. Hence, impact on the ecology are minimum. There are some trees species which may be removed. However, the impacts will be minimum as they are planted trees.

5

8.2.3 Impact on the drainage pattern of the area

The proposed mitigation measures will have very marginal impacts on the drainage. As the works are localized and there is no stream in the proximity the change to drainage will not cause a significant impacts on the hydrological regime in the area.

8.2.4 Erosional impacts and stream bed alterations

There are no water streams nearby hence the effect on bank erosion, stream bed scouring river bed scouring will not be significant.

8.2.5 Water pollution impacts from construction activities

The project actions are much localized and will not involve excavations and slope modification of large areas. Hence the load of sediments generated will not be high enough to cause sediment pollution. Further, the drainage water is expected reach nearby low-lying areas and hence will not directly enter a stream as there is no stream nearby. Therefore, water pollution impacts from erosion and sediments are not highly significant.in this site.

8.2.6 Open defecation and waterborne infections spread during construction phase

As the site is located within a school in an open area possibility of open defecation is low.

8.2.7 Impacts on the downstream water uses:

Since there are no water streams close to the site, impact will be insignificant.

8.2.8 Solid waste disposal issues

Haphazard disposal of Solid waste; various types of waste such as litter, food waste, construction waste will be generated and may store or dispose on site. The littering and hap hazard storage and disposal of solid waste in and around the school will create inconveniences to school children, can block the drains to make breeding grounds for water borne diseases. Waste can pollute the soil, and leave various environmental impacts if proper disposal mechanism is not in place during the construction period. Therefore, environmental impacts of poor management of solid waste in this site is highly significant.

8.2.9 Air pollution impacts

Construction activities that contribute to air pollution include: land clearing, operation of diesel engines, demolition, burning, from storage, transportation disposal of construction materials, construction waste and working with toxic materials (blasting chemicals). During construction, it generates high levels of dust typically from concrete, cement, wood, stone, and silica. The effect is significant to school children if heavy air polluting activities are carried out during school hours. As the sensitive elements (commuters, students in class rooms etc.) are located in the same proximity the air pollution impacts from dust and fumes are significant.

8.2.10 Noise pollution, Vibration, blasting, impacts during construction, potential damage to buildings, infrastructure

Noise and vibration is expected from construction equipment. Noise impact is significant as the construction is carried in the proximity of the class rooms and the temple. And also several houses with occupants are located within 100m from the site. The day time noise generated from the machinery will disturb the classes and other school functions, the religious activities in the temple. Hence the impacts of noise are considered significant at this site

If heavy machinery is operated the vibration can affect the school buildings. As a result, structural deformations such as cracks and collapse of walls etc. may happen. Hence vibration impacts at this site is considered significant. Rock blasting will not be carried out in this site hence, blasting impacts are not significant.

6

8.2.11 Relations between workers and the people living in the vicinity of the site and possibility of disputes

The construction workers at this site will be from different social backgrounds and from different geographical areas often under poverty. Usually, they are with poor educational and social background. Such communities may have a wide range of social issues to cause dis-stress on the school and the residents as indicated below.

• Expose school children towards narcotics, alcohol, sex abuse, smuggling, and various criminal offenses and a wide range of un suitable habitual behaviours • Cause nuisance to smooth operation of school work • Unauthorised entry into school premises • Bulling and harassment to children • Quarrels with children and parents • Distracting children from education • Tempting children and parents towards offensive deals • Informal form of child labour • Various forms of disputes with members of the temple and devotees • Use of sanitary facilities of school and temple by the workforce

Although the workers who would engage in such issues will be rare, even few possibilities cannot be ignored. Therefore, social and community issues at this site will be considered highly significant.

8.2.12 Work camps and lay-down sites requirement The work camps will be established closer to the site. Often the contractor rent out houses in the proximity. The camps sites will be selected in the neighbourhood of community. If proper camp management is not in place it may result several labour issues, social issues with community, conflicts for shared resources with the community, nuisances, and management of waste etc. If temporary camps are built in the close proximity of the site, management of solid waste and sewerage will be an issue. Therefore, the risks are significant.

8.2.13 Risks of public accessing the site during construction

The site may use excavation machines, loaders, trucks etc. These machines and heavy vehicles etc will be used in the proximity of the school where school children and ordinary rural people are moving. Site may use high voltage power for operation of certain machinery. Construction may use materials such as metal aggregates, steel etc. which are injurious under improper storage and handling. The school children will be attracted to these machinery materials and may even enter the site without proper awareness of the site staff. Ignorance of entry of school children and careless operation of machinery can cause fatal injuries and accidents to school children. The risk on school children at site is therefore highly significant.

8.2.14 Explosive hazards and hazardous materials

Affected slope has no large rocks, hence it is highly unlikely that rock blasting will encounter

8.2.15 Safety to the public from construction activities: High risk for commuters

During construction phase the road will be obstructed by the frequently moving machinery, loaders, trucks etc., the trucks and loaders etc. can obstruct the pedestrian passage and may pose high risk on their life. The most vulnerable group will be the school children. They will be exposed to the risk as mentioned in 8.2.13.

8.2.16 Workers safety during construction

The heavy construction machinery may be used in limited work spaces. Risk of hazard from vehicle and construction machinery accidents is significant as common to any construction site. Contractor may engage under age workers (children) for construction work, which is risky results serious accidents and injuries.

7

9. Public and Stakeholder Consultations - that have been held and/or will be held

Deputy Principal; Mr Asoka Nandasiri of Kalawana Gamini Central College was consulted during site visits. According to Mr. Nandasiri, they are facing problems in holding primary classes in the temporary building at the premises of the Buddhist temple. The chief incumbent of the temple has shown reluctance to continue classes in the temple because it disturbs religious activities of the temple. He stated further that the activities of 3 story building has been discontinued; 5 classes, English Activity room, during rainy period. This also affects performance of school activities. (Ref: Annexure II- Images of consultation).

9.1 Stakeholders involved in the consultations any recommendations or agreements reached in the consultations (Ref: annexure III)

10. Significant Environmental and Social Impacts: Social or Environmental impacts or risks that will require special measures on the part of NBRO

10.1 Impacts on water or wetlands (issues relating to changes or contamination of streams, rivers and other bodies of water, typically downstream from the site). Long-term impacts and potential impacts and risks during construction/remediation of the landslide site:

As the site works are localized amount of disturbance to slope is low, erosional impacts and water pollution are not highly significant at this site.

10.2 Erosional impacts and stream bed alterations

Since there are no streams nearby, the impact is insignificant.

10.3 Impacts on transport infrastructure (especially temporary loss of road or rail access, risks of traffic congestion)

The impact on traffic will be local and may not pose a significant disruption as the road is a small local road. However, interruption will result during school times during the times of religious activities (Poya days). But, the impacts will be very much localized.

10.4 Impacts on downstream service provision (water supply, sewerage, electricity, etc.)

There is a water sump near the down slope school building. The machinery operations may affect the sump if proper attention is not made. Also, littering, waste disposal can contaminate the water in the sump.

10.5 Households living in high-risk or medium-risk areas adjacent or near to the site (up-slope, down- slope, downstream, etc.)

The site may use excavation machines, loaders, trucks etc. These machines and heavy vehicles etc. will be used in the proximity of the school where school children and ordinary rural people are moving. Site may use high voltage power for operation of certain machinery. Construction may use materials such as metal aggregates, steel etc. which are injurious under improper storage and handling. The school children will be attracted to these machinery materials and may enter the site without proper awareness of the site staff. Ignorance of entry of school children and careless operation of machinery can cause fatal injuries and accidents to school children. The risk on school children at site is therefore highly significant

10.6 Areas used for businesses, agriculture or other within the area to be remediated

There are no areas used for business, specific agriculture practices or other immediately adjacent to the site hence has no significant impact.

10.7 Areas used for businesses, agriculture or other immediately to the site

As there are no areas used for business, agriculture or other immediately adjacent to the site, impact will be insignificant

8

10.8 Need for people to enter or cross the site

There is no special need for people to enter the site for other purposes. However, unauthorised entry of students and ordinary people may occur due to intentional or unintentional purposes may at risk due to operating machinery, and vehicles, electricity, and may be blasting materials.

10.9 Priority Health and Safety Issues. Specific H&S concerns that require measures that go beyond the standard contractual requirements for contractors

The health and safety issues pertinent to this site is largely common to any landslide mitigation site. Such common E & HS issues have been discussed in the ESMF. Worker safety requirement in the construction site is more detailed under 2003 5: Safety equipment and clothing in the section 2003: Working conditions and community health and safety in the Bidding document.

10.10 Child labour & forced labour

Child labor & Forced labor is detailed under 2003.3 under section 2003: Working conditions and community health and safety in the Bidding document.

10.11 Cracks in the buildings due to vibration impacts

The affected site is a school premise which has buildings at different elevations. A single story building is located closes to the cut slope area and three story building is located on the crown area. There are other school buildings and houses located close to the site. During the construction heavy machineries will be used the vibration can cause cracks in these buildings and the effect is significant.

10.12 Exposure of school children to Noise and dust pollution

Noise and vibration is expected from construction equipment. Noise impact is significant as the construction is carried in the proximity of the class rooms. School children may expose to high noise as well as dust environment during machinery operation. The exposure on school children to noise and at site is therefore highly significant if the noise and dust generation activities are carried out during school hours.

11 Clearances, no objection, consent and approvals required for the implementation of the project

11.1 Project implementation i. Approval from the District Secretariat The approvals will require to be obtained from the District secretary for the implementation of project where the proposals need to be presented at the district coordinating committee, to which chief minister and stakeholder agencies in the district will also participate. The Officer of PMU will present the project, disclose the project details and various concerns including environmental and social. This issues will be discussed, the recommendation at this meeting will be considered in the implementation of the ESMP ii. Approval from the planning committee The project will obtain the approval from the planning committee of the Kalawana Urban council

11.2 Approval to implement the project in the specified site

I. Approval from the Director / Provincial Office / Department of Education II. Approvals from regional office of Ceylon electricity board will be required for power supply for site operation. III. Approval from the school Management

9

11.3 Approval from environmental authority, Department of Forest, Department of Wildlife Conservation

Approval is not needed.

11.4 Other approvals

i. Approval from regional Geological Surveys and Mines Bureau will be obtained for transportation and disposal of earth, rocks and mineral debris ii. Approval for extraction of materials - Approval from Geological & Mines Bureau (GSMB) is needed (if necessary only). iii. Approvals from Kalawana Urban Council will be obtained for the disposal of waste and plant litter iv. Approval through the Divisional Secretary from the district office of Ministry of Defense will be obtained for the sites if requiring rock blasting. 11.5 Consent/ no objection/ legally bound agreement from the private land ownerships

Signing a legally bound agreement between the School Principal and the project implementing authority will be made allowing no-objection to remove the structures, access the land, implement construction works, and engage in long-term maintenance works. The tentative timeline for getting approval is given in the table 1.

Table 1: Tentative timeline for getting approvals Approvals Month 1 Month 2 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 Project implementation Approval from the District Secretariat Submission of application Project briefing Respond to comments Approvals Approval from planning committee

Submission of application

Project briefing

Respond to comments

Approvals

Approval from Provincial Department of Education Submission of application Respond to comments Approvals

12. Environmental Social Management Plan (ESMP)

Measures to manage and or mitigate the impacts and risks, especially the impacts and risks identified in Sections 8 & 10. This will be included in the specific recommendations and requirements of the ESMP.

12.1 Resettlement action plan

Will not be applicable to this site as there is no project based resettlement.

12.2 Evacuation of people

The nearest building may have some impacts in the form of structural damage during the project actions due to ground vibration induced by heavy machinery operation. Since the closes building is already evacuated there won’t’ be risk for lives.

10

12.3 Procedure for removal of damaged structures, facilities infrastructure

This risk may not be triggered in this site.

12.4 Requirement for compensation for loss of property /uses due to project actions

May be applicable as moving vehicles, construction machinery and excavation works may damage roads, structures etc.

12.5 Public awareness and education- needed for following areas

i. Programs to inform and educate people in the vicinity and the school population about the risks posed by landslides.

ii. Requirement for special awareness for communities with potentially high risk during construction phase; short-term early warning measures (evacuation), and measures related to construction and land-use.

12.6 Design based environmental/ social management considerations

Following environmental and social design considerations are recommended for this depending on its environmental and social relevance.

Table 2: Design stage Environmental & Social considerations Recommended level of Design feature consideration for this site i. Natural resource management and resource optimized designs Project specific designs should be considered to eliminate mass clearing of Low vegetation and minimum number of removal of tree species. Sufficient emphasis should be made to consider conservation of trees if important tree species are found ii. Habitat connectivity and animal trails If large fraction of vegetation is required to be cleared in ecologically fragile Low habitats as for permanent structures or for access, or if deep drains etc. are to be made the designs should include habitat connectivity features, animal trails and vegetation strips and etc. even if the impact are localized.

iii. Conservation of water resources This involves extraction of water both surface and sub-surface. The water Not relevant extracted is in relatively good quality. In a well thought design this extracted water can be conveyed in such a manner that the water can be accessed by wild fauna as well as the neighboring communities for bathing and other domestic purposes even as drinking water. The community consultation indicated water scarcity during dry season in this area iv. Interruption to water supplies If the water in the mitigated slope is used as a source for individual or community Low water supply, the chance the water source can be affected by the mitigation work is high due to water table draw down. In such instances the design should include alternative source of water for the community (temporary/or permanent). v. Aesthetically compatible design considerations The designs in aesthetically sensitive environments should consider structures Low that blend with natural environment to keep the visual pollution to minimum. Service of landscape architect may be important for the design of suitable mitigation structures.

11

vi. Consideration of green environmental features As many of the mitigations works are carried out in ecologically sensitive Low habitats, it is recommended to consider green environmental designs as much as possible in the designs e.g.: use of local vegetation species for erosion control, combination of plants to sustain species diversity in the environment, avoiding inclusion of potentially invasive species & etc. vii. Workers/ commuters and community safety Activation of slide may occur during construction phase and may pose threat to workers and commuters. Therefore, design based safety consideration such as Very high berms, safety nets etc. should be considered.

It is strongly recommended to consider a permanent and a temporary safety wall design features for the school (upslope side) to protect children, who may fall on the construction site which downward while attempting peeping to see mitigation works viii. Erosion control structures In drainage management, water is extracted and conveyed to nearby streams often through culverts. During rainy season the flow in these drainage structures can be significantly high and this may cause stream bed and bank erosion. Hence Not relevant the design should adequately consider flow speed breakers to reduce erosive flows entering natural streams. This should be an inclusive part of the design if there are streams and culverts in the proximity of the mitigation site. A natural stream with potentially high aquatic diversity flows at the toe area of the failed slope

ix. Low post maintenance and operation designs The mitigation should consider passive techniques such as gravity drains for drainage management. Correct pipe diameters, pore diameters and laying angles should be considered to avoid clogging of drains. Low maintenance structures Low and designs such as designs to withstand erosive forces, sediment trapping systems etc. should be considered if drain water is expected to be directed to natural streams. The materials used for structures should be chosen carefully so as to withstand local weather conditions with high durability. Designs should specially consider corrosion prevention techniques if steel structures are used and geotextiles if fine sediments are prone to enter sub drains.

12.7 Mitigation of impacts during the construction phase

12.7.1 Construction contractors’ requirement to comply with environmental and social management during the construction phase

Measures to manage and to mitigate the environmental and social impacts are generally common to all landslide mitigation sites. Such impacts are largely attributed to activities in the construction phase. The mitigation of impacts therefore becomes an obligation of construction contractor. NBRO has prepared a comprehensive document on “contractors’ requirement to comply with environmental and social and Health and Safety (ES & HS) management during the construction phase” to be included in construction contractors’ bid document. The main sections are summarised below (Table 3) indicating the degree of relevancy for this site. For details, ESMP for construction contractors should be referred.

The contractor is expected to indicate in the bid the ESMP procedure to be implemented along with relevant proofs of his competency. The cost for ESMP will require to be indicated as a separate pay item. The environmental and social management method statement is expected to be submitted by the selected construction contractor and to be approved by the PMU unit.

12

Table 3: Contractor requirement to comply with ES & HS Reference No. as per Item Relevant to the project construction contractors obligation to ESMP

2002. Environmental and Social Monitoring 2002.2 1) Storage on site Highly Relevant 2002.2 2) Noise and Vibration Highly relevant (school premises) 2002.2 3) Cracks and damages to the buildings Highly relevant (buildings/houses) 2002.2 4) Disposal of waste Highly relevant 2002.2 5) Disposal of refuse Highly relevant 2002.2 6) Dust control Highly Relevant 2002.2 7) Transport of Construction materials and waste Highly Relevant 2002.2 8) Water Relevant 2002.2 9) Flora and Fauna Low Relevant 2002.2 10) Physical and cultural resources (temple) Relevant 2002.2 11) Soil Erosion Relevant 2002.2 12) Soil Contamination Relevant 2002.2 13) Borrowing Earth Relevant 2002.2 14) Quarry Operations Not relevant 2002.2 15) Maintenance vehicles and Machinery (pollution) Highly Relevant 2002.2 16) Disruption to public (schoolchildren) Highly relevant 2002.2 17) Utilities and roadside amenities (road to temple) Highly relevant

2002.2 18) Visual environment enhancement Relevant

2002.5. Environmental Baseline surveys (air, water, noise , vibration, Refer site specific monitoring Monitoring crack surveys) plan Surveys during construction (air, water, noise , Refer site specific monitoring vibration, crack surveys) plan Surveys during operation phase Optional Reporting and maintenance of records Relevant 2003. Working Conditions and Community Health and Safety (school children) 2003.2 Safety organization and communication Highly relevant (School children and commuters) 2003.3 Child Labor and Forced Labor Highly relevant(School children and commuters) 2003.4 Safety reports and notification of accidents Highly relevant(School children and commuters) 2003.5 Safety Equipment and Clothing Highly relevant(School children and commuters) 2003.6 Safety inspections Highly relevant(School children and commuters) 2003.7 First Aid Facilities Highly relevant(School children and commuters) 2003.8 Health and safety information and training Highly relevant(School children and commuters) 2003.9 Plant equipment and qualified personnel Highly relevant(School children and commuters) Relevant: The section is relevant to the site as a common ESMP applicable to any site Highly relevant: The contractor should pay special emphasis in the preparation of environmental method statements to ensure that the relevant ESMP is implemented specific to the site Possibly relevant: This ESMP will be triggered if the site come across with relevant aspect during project implementation Not relevant: The section may not be relevant to this site under disclosed conditions Optional: require to be implement if needed only

13

Refer site specific monitoring plan: Contractor is obliged to carry out monitoring as specified in the site specific monitoring plan in addition to monitoring requirement indicated in contractors ESMP Reference: Contractors Obligation for implementation of ESMP

12.7.2 Site specific mitigation

Table 4: Site specific ES & HS mitigatory measures Mitigation item Project Responsibility implementation phase i. Disposal of construction waste Site preparation Construction The contractor should pay special attention with respect to disposal of and construction Contractor construction waste. Such waste if generated should store properly without getting washed off and dispose according to approved procedures by the PMU. Under any circumstance construction waste should not be released to the school premises. Contractor should obtain the approval from the Kalawana UC for disposal of solid waste at approved locations

ii. Dust and aerosol control screen Site preparation Construction The heavy dust generation activities should be carried out with sufficient care. and construction Contractor Adequate water spaying is recommended to this site. Dust screens to cover open vents of school building in the downslope is recommended (wet) iii. Water for construction Construction Construction Water for construction works should be obtained only from the approved places. Contractor Water in the school sources should not be used for construction work under any circumstance. If water in the school is used consent for school management should be required. iv. Water sump near the primary school building construction Construction The water sump near the primary school building should be securely protected Contractor before construction work is implemented. There can be waterlines connected to this sump. As they can be damaged by construction works early arrangements should be made to prevent tampering the lines by construction machinery. If such things happen should be rectify immediately by the project cost. v. Working hours Construction Construction The construction activities should be in accordance with school management. Contractor Noise, vibration and dust generation activities should be carried out after school. During exam times disturbing (noise and vibration) activities are not allowed If night time operations are required to achieve project targets such works should be carried out with adequate safety measures vi. Warning dissemination Construction E & S Unit of The school building in the down slope should be evacuated throughout the PMU construction phase. Although there is a marginal risk of damage to upslope building due to project actions, during heavy rain possible damages to the building can happen even if there is no project work, Therefore it is best to advice the school management respond to NBRO warnings during the rainy season and discontinue school activities in the rainy period vii. Safety of school children Construction E & S Unit of The school management should be made adequately aware of possible issues PMU detrimental to school children as indicated bellow contractor i. Expose school children towards narcotics, alcohol, sex abuse, smuggling, and various criminal offenses and a wide range of un suitable habitual behaviours ii. Unauthorised entry into school premises iii. Bulling and harassment to children iv. Quarrels with children and parents

14

v. Distracting children from education vi. Tempting children and parents towards offensive deals vii. Informal form of child labour viii. Various forms of disputes with members of the temple and devotees ix. Use of sanitary facilities of school and temple by the workforce

The PMU ES unit should engage in meaning full consultation with school management regarding above mentioned issues. Each issues should be properly communicated and adequately discussed with the school management. Also, it is advised that PMU request from the school management on the following

i. Make students and parents aware of the project ii. Possible social issues that will have impact on children iii. Establish a system of vigilance to monitor the behaviour of children with the workforce and the movement of workforce during construction phase iv. Establish a confidential information receive system in the school premises to receive any complains pertinent to the project v. Enforce a system to punish or remove troublesome workers vi. Make the priest in the temple adequately aware of the project, interruptions, impacts of noise and dust etc. vii. Conduct meaningful consultation to obtain consent of the priest to the project, and to form a platform to manage any disputes that may arise during the construction phase

The PMU should made contractor aware on all potential issues with contractor workforce and school children that should be properly managed. Following are recommended for contractors’ workforce

i. Proper awareness, education, monitoring and punishing. ii. Define project activity zone beyond which workers cannot enter in to school premises iii. Workers cannot use water sources of the school iv. Workers cannot use sanitary facilities of the school v. The contractor should not use children for any form of project related works (direct/indirect) vi. The heavy machinery operators should be extremely cautious in operation of machinery as possible accidents will be high. vii. Full time watchmen should be kept in the risk area to ensure safe movement of heavy machinery and vehicles Other i. Adequate no entry / danger signs and monitoring should be established so that school children are not permitted in the project area ii. Discontinue construction work on Poya days and religious festival days of Buddhist iii. The electrical wiring systems and layout should be done with proper safety measures approved by the PMU ensure that accidents mainly to children from electric shocks are prevented iv. Parking and storage areas should be done in approved locations by the PMU

13. Monitoring requirements specific to the site

Following monitoring plan is recommended during the construction phase.

15

Table 5: Environmental and Social monitoring plan; construction phase Monitoring Parameters Frequency requirement Baseline monitoring Pre crack survey of the high risk two school Once* buildings Air quality: particulate matter Once* Ground vibration Once*

Background noise measurement Once*

Crack survey of the high risk school If noticeable displacement is observed During Constructions buildings during construction **

Ground vibration During operation of drilling machinery, boring works, or any works that generate ground vibrations* Construction noise Once a month during heavy noise generation times * Air quality particulate matter Once a month * Vehicular Emission All machinery/vehicles operational should have the emission control test certificate as applicable - should be checked by the site ES officer of the consultant Monitoring agency * A competent independent monitoring agency with registration of Central Environmental Authority for all parameters except crack surveys **Crack surveys should be conducted by competent agency acceptable to PMU Reporting Pre crack survey of the high risk houses-Professional report requirements Ground vibration-as per The interim standards on vibration for the Machinery, Construction activities and Vehicular movements, CEA Background noise measurement –Extraordinary Gazette No.924.1, May 23,1996, CEA Air quality particulate matter- The National Ambient Air Quality standards stipulated under the Extraordinary Gazette, No. 1562/22 August 15, 2008 -Central Environmental Authority of Sri Lanka.

14. Grievance redress mechanism for this site

The consultants ES officer is responsible for establishing the grievance redress mechanism for this site with special consideration for following impact communities; a) Principal Gamini Central College, b) Occupants of nearby houses. (Reference: Environmental and Social Management Framework for recommended procedure for establishment of grievance redress mechanism).

15. Information disclosure

It is the responsibility of the PMU to disclose the ES information to following agencies and organizations by indicated modes as a minimum.

16

Table 6: Proposed scheme of information disclosure Information Proposed agencies Mode of information disclosure i. Project plan ( site details, District CEA, DFC, DWLC, District Meetings, District coordination design , implementation Secretariat, Divisional Secretary, RDA, committee, submission of relevant arrangements) Other district levels Agencies, NBRO report to sign agreements, approvals district office, AIIB, Director of Provincial and consents. Educational office ii. Environmental and District CEA, AIIB, Principal of the school Meetings, District Coordination Social Management plan Committee, submission of relevant report to sign agreements, approvals and consents During consultation iii. Monitoring reports District CEA, AIIB and relevant parties as Progress meetings, special meetings, (baseline and during appropriate submission of relevant reports construction) iv. Site inspections for District CEA, Divisional Secretary, Written and verbal communications, environmental Police, Grama Niladhari, District Office submission of relevant reports conformance workers NBRO, AIIB and relevant parties as health and safety appropriate v. Decisions taken and District CEA, Divisional Secretary, Police, Meetings, submission of relevant progress review meetings Grama Niladhari, District Office NBRO, reports pertinent to ES matters AIIB and relevant parties as appropriate , principal of the school vi. Grievance redress Relevant parties , AIIB Meetings, written and verbal mechanism communications

Table 7 Level of information gathered through consulting institutions Date Institution Person contacted for information

09/08/2018 @ 10.00 hrs Central Environmental Authority Mr.K G.D.N Kiriella Director –CEA Ratnapura District 09/08/2008 @ 15.30 hrs School Management Mr Asoka Nandasiri-Vice Principal

17

Annexure I: Drone image of the project area

i

Annexure 1I: Images of the site condition and the consultation

Fig a: Front view of the affected primary school Fig b: Tension cracks on the road located upslope building area

Fig c: Deputy Principal; Mr Asoka Nandasiri was Fig d: Cut slope failure near the pumping room near made aware about the mitigation work by NBRO staff the primary school. (27-09-2018)

ii

Annexure III: Report on the Stakeholder Consultation: Ratnapura District

Date: 08/08/2018 and 09/08/2018 Name and Concerns raised Institution designation of the contact officer Road Mr WPGL ✓ This area is under the jurisdiction of Ratnapura - Awissawella RDA Development Werajeewa – regional office Authority Executive Engineer ✓ The RDA has no objection and states the mitigation is very much needed. ✓ Other concerns raised • A proper handing over of the project is required after the mitigation • RDA will do the maintenance after mitigation • It is emphasised that during the construction the contractor should use Personal Protective Equipment • At all times, the contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians, and traffic safety measures, barricades, flagmen and for the night work, lights and illumination should be provided. • It is also stated that Construction waste/ excavated materials should not be a nuisance to public/commuters Forest Department Mr Nimal S ✓ The Forest Department has no objection on the project Dewage – Following matters were emphasized. Range Forest ✓ There are Forest reservation in the Ratnapura district. However, some Officer large portions of land still remain without clear boundaries and many of them are under jurisdiction of LRC. Currently the surveying of forested area is in progress. ✓ However, all lands under forest, private or under LRC and any other if cleared require approval from Forest Department ✓ Private/LRC/Forest land require approval from forest Department for complete clearance of land as in the case of boundaries are still not clear. ✓ Role of Forest Department is that they examine the plot to be cleared, measure the breadth of trees to be removed and specific habitat significance of the area to be cleared. The plot will be surveyed by the FD and report will be submitted to Timber Cooperation. The tree can be cut by the land contractor, however, removal will be done by the Timber cooperation. All trees dbh of > 18 cm will be taken by the Timber Cooperation. ✓ Regarding the project implementation, he said that mitigation proposal with draft layout should be submitted to Conservator Forest and approval to be obtained. ✓ This does not apply only forested areas but isolated any location in the proximity of forest ✓ As Ratnapura is having lot of forest areas, therefore project is required to obtain consent for project implementation with the services of conditions such as; • No entry of forest reserves, extraction of forest species, timber for project work, any other • Chemical blasting should be done in a manner not harmful to fauna • Structural mitigation measures should essentially follow environmentally friendly aesthetically comparable designs.

iii

• If plants are used for remediation prior approval should be obtained • Early informing the project, the Forest Department can support the project by providing good quality trees for planting. • Prior approval for suitable species for reforestation should be obtained from Forest Department. ✓ The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) will directly intervene for removal of forested area of > 1ha in the lands of LRC or private lands ✓ The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and forest Department will intervene removal of forested area of < 1ha in the lands of LRC or private lands ✓ The clearance process may demand baseline studies for certain sites in which aquatic and terrestrial habitat surveys may be recommended. Similar reports may be demand by CEA during the project implementation.

Central Mr.K G.D.N ✓ Under the Soil conservation Act 772/22 of 1996. of National Resource Environmental Kiriella Management Centre, Ratnapura District has been gazetted a sensitive Authority Director –CEA area except the Embitipitiya area Ratnapura District ✓ Under this gazette any development is not allowed irrespective of the magnitude of the project. ✓ In a disaster this is not needed. ✓ The Basic Information Questionnaire (BIQ) is needed to fill for the project and submit the application ✓ Since the waterway is located downslope in the area it is needed to keep the Environmental flow ✓ There may be endemic species, special habitats (niches) , fauna flora study are needed ✓ This Environmental assessment may be required to see their difference after mitigation ✓ The CEA will grant approval with recommendations. 09/08/2018 Institution Name and Concerns raised designation of the contact officer Department of Mr Manjula ✓ No objection on the project Wildlife & Vidyarathna / Wild ✓ A report to be submitted to DWLC for approval Conservation Life Rangw Officer ✓ Removal of Fauna & Flora is needed under Wild Life Ordinance (DWLC) Ratnapura ✓ Removal of flora & fauna; endemic, threatened, identified under Red List needed approval from DWLC. Land Reforms MS. Dulmini ✓ If the land tenure is Land Reforms Commission an approval should be Commission. Patabadhiarachchi requesting from Commissioner –Land Reforms Commission through Staff Assistant a letter

iv

Annexure IV: Study team

Name Designation Position in the study TDSV Dias Director/ ESSD/NBRO Team leader SAMS Dissanayake Senior Scientist/ESSD/NBRO Senior Environmental Scientist Prabath Liyanaarachchi Scientist/ ESSD/NBRO Environmental scientist Abheetha Wanasundara Officer in charge / Ratnapura District Geotechnical Engineer Indu Upamali Scientist/ LRRMD/NBRO Geologist H Kusalasiri Technical Officer/ESSD/NBRO GIS/Demographic data /survey support

Annexure V: List of references

1. NBRO site investigation report on landslide disaster at Kalawana Gamini MMV – (Ref. Report No. (Ref. Report No. NBRO/ (L1)/17/027. 2. Contractor’s obligations for Geriatric Environmental and Social Management Plan- Sri Lanka Landslide Mitigation Project-AIIB 3. Environmental and Social Management Framework-Sri Lanka Landslide Mitigation Project _AIIB 4. Resettlement Planning Framework- Sri Lanka Landslide Mitigation Project _AIIB

v