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Report in English ENGLISH CONTENTS (for Color Plates, see pages 27– 46) 1 4 2 Participants 249 Appendices 250 (1) Water 1 4 5 Institutional Profiles 251 (2) Vascular Plants 150 Acknowledgments 270 (3) Fish Sampling Stations 153 Mission and Approach 272 (4) Fishes 276 (5) Amphibians and Reptiles 154 Report at a Glance 278 (6) Regional Amphibian and Reptile Inventories 162 Why Cabeceras Cofanes-Chingual? 284 (7) Rake and Hoe Removal Technique 288 (8) Birds 163 Conservation in Cofanes-Chingual 308 (9) Large and Medium-sized Mammals 163 Conservation Targets 167 Recommendations 312 Literature Cited 171 Technical Report 318 Published Reports 171 Overview of Region and Inventory Sites Biological Inventory 175 Geology, Hydrology, and Soils 180 Flora and Vegetation 186 Fishes 191 Amphibians and Reptiles 199 Birds 210 Mammals Social Inventory 216 Archeology 222 A History of the Río Cofanes Region 227 Conservation History 230 Social Assets and Resource Use ECUADOR: CABECERAS COFANES-CHINGUAL OCTUBRE/OCTOBER 2009 141 PARTICIPANTS FIELD TEAM Roberto Aguinda L. (field logistics, social inventory) Sebastián Descanse U. (field logistics, plants) Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan Comunidad Cofan Chandia Na’e Dureno, Ecuador Sucumbíos, Ecuador [email protected] Freddy Espinosa (general logistics, social inventory) William S. Alverson (herbarium) Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan Environment, Culture and Conservation Quito, Ecuador The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] [email protected] Robin B. Foster (herbarium) Elizabeth P. Anderson (social inventory, fishes) Environment, Culture and Conservation Environment, Culture and Conservation The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] [email protected] Christopher James (social inventory) Randall Borman A. (large mammals) Fundación Jatun Sacha Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan Quito, Ecuador Federación Indígena de la Nacionalidad Cofan del [email protected] Ecuador Quito, Ecuador Bolívar Lucitante (cook) [email protected] Comunidad Cofan Zábalo Sucumbíos, Ecuador Ángel Chimbo P. (field support) Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan Laura Cristina Lucitante C. (plants) Dureno, Ecuador Comunidad Cofan Chandia Na’e Sucumbíos, Ecuador Ángel Criollo L. (field support) Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan Javier A. Maldonado O. (fishes) Dureno, Ecuador Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Álvaro del Campo (field logistics, photography) Villa de Leyva, Colombia Environment, Culture and Conservation [email protected] The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] Jonathan A. Markel (cartography) Environment, Culture and Conservation Florencio Delgado E. (archeology) The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Universidad San Francisco de Quito [email protected] Quito, Ecuador [email protected] 142 RAPID BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 21 Patricio Mena Valenzuela (birds) Patricia Pilco O. (social inventory) Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales Corporación Grupo Randi Randi Quito, Ecuador Quito, Ecuador [email protected] [email protected] Humberto Mendoza S. (plants) Susan Poats (social inventory) Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Corporación Grupo Randi Randi Alexander von Humboldt Quito, Ecuador Villa de Leyva, Colombia [email protected] [email protected] Amelia Quenamá Q. (natural history) Norma Mendúa (cook) Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan Comunidad Cofan Zábalo Federación Indígena de la Nacionalidad Cofan del Ecuador Sucumbíos, Ecuador Quito, Ecuador Debra K. Moskovits (coordination, birds) Ángel Quenamá O. (field support) Environment, Culture and Conservation Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Dureno, Ecuador [email protected] Diego Reyes J. (plants) Jonh J. Mueses-Cisneros (amphibians and reptiles) Universidad Central del Ecuador Universidad Nacional de Colombia Quito, Ecuador Bogotá, Colombia [email protected] [email protected] Thomas J. Saunders (geology, soils, and water) Luis Narváez (social inventory) Environment, Culture and Conservation Federación Indígena de la Nacionalidad Cofan del Ecuador The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Lago Agrio, Ecuador [email protected] [email protected] Douglas F. Stotz (birds) Stephanie Paladino (social inventory) Environment, Culture and Conservation El Colegio de la Frontera Sur The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA San Cristóbal de las Casas [email protected] Chiapas, Mexico [email protected] Antonio Torres N. (fishes) Universidad de Guayaquil Guayaquil, Ecuador [email protected] ECUADOR: CABECERAS COFANES-CHINGUAL OCTUBRE/OCTOBER 2009 143 Participants (continued) COLLABORATORS Gorky Villa M. (plants) Cofan Communities of Chandia Na’e, Dureno, and Zábalo Finding Species Sucumbíos, Ecuador Washington DC, USA [email protected] Ejército Ecuatoriano Ecuador Corine Vriesendorp (plants) Environment, Culture and Conservation Helicópteros Ícaro The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Ecuador [email protected] Parroquias Huaca, Julio Andrade, and Monte Olivo Tyana Wachter (general logistics) Carchi, Ecuador Environment, Culture and Conservation The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Parroquias La Sofía, Playón de San Francisco, and Rosa Florida [email protected] Sucumbíos, Ecuador Alaka Wali (social inventory) Sectors La Barquilla and Paraíso Environment, Culture and Conservation Sucumbíos, Ecuador The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] Mario Yánez-Muñoz (amphibians and reptiles) Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales Quito, Ecuador [email protected] 144 RAPID BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 21 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES The Field Museum Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan The Field Museum is a collections-based research and The Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan (FSC) is educational institution devoted to natural and cultural diversity. a non-profit organization dedicated to conserving the indigenous Combining the fields of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology, culture of the Cofan and the Amazonian forests that sustain them. and Conservation Biology, museum scientists research issues Together with its international counterpart, the Cofan Survival in evolution, environmental biology, and cultural anthropology. Fund, the foundation supports conservation and development One division of the Museum — Environment, Culture, and programs in seven Cofan communities in eastern Ecuador. Their Conservation (ECCo) — is dedicated to translating science into programs focus on research and the conservation of biodiversity, action that creates and supports lasting conservation of biological protecting and titling Cofan ancestral territories, developing and cultural diversity. ECCo works closely with local communities economic and ecological alternatives, and education opportunities to ensure involvement in conservation through their existing for young Cofan. cultural values and organizational strengths. With losses of natural diversity accelerating worldwide, ECCo’s mission is to Fundación para la Sobrevivencia del Pueblo Cofan direct the museum’s resources — scientific expertise, worldwide Casilla 17-11-6089 collections, and innovative education programs — to the immediate Quito, Ecuador needs of conservation at local, national, and international levels. 593.2.247.0946 tel/fax, 593.2.247.4763 tel www.cofan.org The Field Museum 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA 312.922.9410 tel www.fieldmuseum.org ECUADOR: CABECERAS COFANES-CHINGUAL OCTUBRE/OCTOBER 2009 145 Institutional Profiles (continued) Federación Indígena de la Nacionalidad Cofan del Ecuador Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador FEINCE, the “Indigenous Federation of the Cofan Nation in The Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (MAE) is the national Ecuador” is the political arm of the Ecuadorian Cofan, representing environmental agency responsible for sustainable development the five legalized communities in the country — Chandia Na’e, and natural resource management. It is the highest authority for Dureno, Dovuno, Sinangoe, and Zábalo — at the national level. issuance and coordination of national policies, rules, and regula- FEINCE works to defend the human rights of the Ecuadorian tions, including basic guidelines for organizing and implementing Cofan as a member of the larger umbrella groups that support environmental management. MAE develops environmental indigenous groups in Ecuador: the Confederation of the Indigenous policies and coordinates strategies, projects, and programs for Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE) and the Confederation the protection of ecosystems and for sustainable use of natural of the Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon resources. MAE sets regulations necessary for environmental (CONFENIAE). FEINCE is directed by a board of officers elected quality associated with conservation-based development and the by the Cofan community every three years. appropriate use of natural resources. Federación Indígena de la Nacionalidad Cofan del Ecuador Ministerio del Ambiente, República del Ecuador Lago Agrio, Ecuador Avenida Eloy Alfaro y Amazonas 593.62.831200 tel Quito, Ecuador 593.2.256.3429, 593.2.256.3430 tel www.ambiente.gov.ec [email protected] 146 RAPID BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 21 Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales
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