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April 2015 NEWSLETTER Issue No.33 Georgia South Carolina Wilson’S Raid Along the Trails Upcoming Events

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April 2015 NEWSLETTER Issue No.33 Georgia South Carolina Wilson’S Raid Along the Trails Upcoming Events CIVIL WAR HERITAGE TRAILS℠ Alabama April 2015 NEWSLETTER Issue No.33 www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org Georgia South Carolina Wilson’s Raid Along the Trails Upcoming Events “Wilson’s Raid” The Final Battles Saturday, April 1, 1865 - The Battle of Ebenezer Church (aka Bogler’s Creek) occurs in present day Chilton County, Alabama. Confederate Lieutenant General Nathan B. Forrest, with fewer than 2,000 men… Continued on Page 2 City Hall in Macon, GA, located at the end of Wilson’s Raid Along the Trails: New interpretive markers along the March to the Sea Heritage Trail ® Continued on Page 8 New Georgia Markers Upcoming Events Upcoming Civil War Events in Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina Atlanta Campaign AL -Battle of Selma 150th and March to the GA - Last Fort to Fall Sea Brochures SC -Fort Sumter Flag Re-raising Continued on Page 9 Follow the Civil War Heritage Trails * www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org * Facebook * Twitter * YouTube * Pinterest CIVILCIVIL WAR WAR HERITAGE HERITAGE TRAILS TRAILS PAGE PAGE 2 2 “Wilson’s Raid” Part II Historical Timeline April 1865 by Norman Dasinger, Jr. Saturday, April 1, 1865 - The Battle of Ebenezer Church (aka Bogler’s Creek) occurs in present day Chilton County, Alabama. Confederate Lieutenant General Nathan B. Forrest, with fewer than 2,000 men, loses 300 prisoners to Union Brigadier General James H. Wilson’s 9,000+ cavalrymen. The Confederates are forced to retreat south to Selma when anticipated reinforcements do not arrive. General Forrest is wounded during the fight, yet still manages to slay an officer in the 17th Indiana Mounted Infantry Regiment, his 33rd and final personal kill during the war. Other skirmishes occur near Randolph, Maplesville, Plantersville, Centerville and Trion in central Alabama. Union Brigadier General Confederate Lieutenant General James H. Wilson Nathan B. Forrest (after promotion to Major General) FollowFollow the the Civil Civil War War Heritage Heritage Trails Trails * www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org ** Facebook ** Twitter ** YouTube ** Pinterest CIVILCIVIL WAR WAR HERITAGE HERITAGE TRAILS TRAILS PAGE PAGE 3 3 Sunday, April 2, 1865 - Selma, Alabama, with some of the few remaining operational manufacturing facilities in the Confederacy, is attacked by General Wilson’s overwhelming numbers. General Forrest’s Confederates occupy six miles of well-built entrenchments encircling the town. But with only 3,000 men Forrest cannot stop the advance of Wilson’s much larger force who break Confederate lines thirty minutes after their initial assault. By late afternoon the battle becomes a rout. Forrest and most of his staff escape east along the Burnsville Road, but without 2,700 of his men and 40 cannon captured by Wilson’s men. Tuesday, April 4, 1865 - Union Brigadier General John T. Croxton orders his brigade, which is operating separately from General Wilson’s main body, to burn the University of Alabama campus in Tuscaloosa. After failing to halt Croxton’s advance, cadets at the military school headquartered at the university evacuate and march toward Marion, Alabama, led by T. J. Murfree, a former student of Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson’s at the Virginia Military Institute. The Quad at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, burned on April 4, 1865 Thursday, April 6, 1865 - Generals Forrest and Wilson meet at the Crocheron House in Cahaba, near Selma. They discuss prisoners but eventually enjoy some brandy and cigars and talk about military life. Forrest subsequently leads his tattered force to Marion, Alabama, where they await further orders. Wilson returns to Selma to oversee the destruction of its war-making facilities. Follow the Civil War Heritage Trails * www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org ** Facebook ** Twitter ** YouTube ** Pinterest CIVILCIVIL WAR WAR HERITAGE HERITAGE TRAILS TRAILS PAGE PAGE 4 4 The Crocheron House in Cahaba, Alabama. It burned in the early 20th century; only its columns survive today. Monday, April 10, 1865 - General Wilson’s confident cavalrymen leave Selma for Montgomery, Alabama’s capital city. Before leaving Selma the Federals destroy the Selma Arsenal, Naval Foundry, Selma Iron Works, Nitre Works, Gun Powder Mills and Magazines plus smaller gun factories, ironworks and foundries. Nearly 200 homes and buildings are burned, while 45 siege guns, 60,000 rounds of artillery and three railroad engines are destroyed. Skirmishes occur at Lowndesborough and Benton, Alabama. Wednesday, April 12, 1865 - General Wilson’s force approaches Montgomery with little opposition. They accept the surrender of the city from its mayor. Alabama’s port city of Mobile surrenders on this same day to another Federal army. Friday, April 14, 1865 - Wilson’s cavalrymen skirmish briefly near Tuskegee, Alabama, as they ride toward the important Confederate manufacturing facilities in Columbus, Georgia. Easter Sunday, April 16, 1865 - Union Colonel Oscar H. La Grange leads a brigade of nearly 4,000 cavalrymen, part of General Wilson’s overall force, to attack an earthen fortification in West Point, Georgia, manned by approximately 200 ill-equipped Confederates. The Southerners are commanded by Brigadier General Robert C. Tyler, who is killed in the brief fight. That same evening and into the overnight hours General Wilson and the bulk of his force conduct a rare night attack against Confederate defensive positions on the west side of Chattahoochee River in Girard (now Phenix City), Alabama. The Confederate forces are commanded by former U.S. Speaker of the House, Major General Howell Cobb. After some initial success in slowing Wilson’s attack the number and experience of the Federal troopers overwhelm Cobb’s men and the battle becomes a rout. Before the night ends Wilson’s command crosses the river into Columbus, Georgia. Follow the Civil War Heritage Trails * www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org ** Facebook ** Twitter ** YouTube ** Pinterest CIVILCIVIL WAR WAR HERITAGE HERITAGE TRAILS TRAILS PAGE PAGE 5 5 Confederate Major General Howell Cobb Monday, April 17, 1865 - General Wilson’s soldiers destroy all of the war-making capabilities of Columbus including the incomplete CSS Jackson, an ironclad ram still under construction. The remains of the CSS Jackson are on display at the National Civil War Naval Museum in Columbus, Georgia. Follow the Civil War Heritage Trails * www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org ** Facebook ** Twitter ** YouTube ** Pinterest CIVILCIVIL WAR WAR HERITAGE HERITAGE TRAILS TRAILS PAGE PAGE 6 6 Tuesday, April 18, 1865 - Upon completing their destruction of Columbus’s war-making facilities Wilson’s cavalrymen continue riding east, heading toward Macon, Georgia. Thursday, April 20, 1865 - Encountering little Confederate opposition, General James H. Wilson’s main force enters Macon, Georgia. Confederate General Howell Cobb and four subordinate generals surrender the city at Macon City Hall, which is being used as a temporary state capitol building. Wilson subsequently writes to Union Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, “I have the best cavalry and best cavalry officers in America.” City Hall in Macon, Georgia Friday, April 21, 1865 - Shortly after destroying most of the University of Alabama campus on April 4th, Brigadier General John T. Croxton begins moving his brigade east. Temporarily out of communications with General Wilson, Croxton’s force acquires the moniker of the “Lost Brigade.” Yet they are only separated, not “lost,” as they arrive at Talladega, Alabama. Sunday, April 23, 1865 - Croxton’s brigade easily defeats a 500-man Confederate force north of Talladega, and proceeds to destroy the Oxford Iron Works near present-day Anniston, Alabama. Follow the Civil War Heritage Trails * www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org ** Facebook ** Twitter ** YouTube ** Pinterest CIVILCIVIL WAR WAR HERITAGE HERITAGE TRAILS TRAILS PAGE PAGE 7 7 Monday, April 24, 1865 - Part of General Croxton’s force sacks Jacksonville and Blue Mountain, Alabama. They hang a local citizen, in error, for firing on Federals entering the area. Meanwhile, Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his cabinet members are in Charlotte, North Carolina. They will soon enter South Carolina and continue traveling south toward Georgia. To be continued….. ↓ CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO ↓ War Days Old Clinton, GA Union Brigadier General John T. Croxton Saturday & Sunday, May 2 & 3 Eufaula Pilgrimage GA Civil War SC Civil War 150 Eufaula, AL Sesquicentennial Follow the Civil War Heritage Trails * www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org ** Facebook ** Twitter ** YouTube ** Pinterest CIVILCIVIL WAR WAR HERITAGE HERITAGE TRAILS TRAILS PAGE PAGE 8 8 “Along the Trails” New interpretive markers along the March to the Sea Heritage Trail ® http://civilwarheritagetrails.org/ga-civil-war-trails-map/ga-march-to-the-sea.html Marker at Old Church - Kitty’s Cottage - Springtime in Oxford Oxford GA: “Old Church” (#L3), GPS: 33.6252, -83.8709 Marker Near Confederate Monument - Covington Square - Newton County Courthouse Covington GA: “Covington Square” (#L4), GPS: 33.5965, -83.8601 Installing New Marker - “Centreville” Marker - Jersey Community Building Jersey GA: “Centreville” (#L6), GPS: 33.7172, -83.7997 Follow the Civil War Heritage Trails * www.CivilWarHeritageTrails.org ** Facebook ** Twitter ** YouTube ** Pinterest CIVILCIVIL WAR WAR HERITAGE HERITAGE TRAILS TRAILS PAGE PAGE 9 9 Upcoming Events Details about these and more Civil War era events can be found at Alabama: 150th Anniversary Battle of Selma Reenactment - Thursday through Sunday, April 23 through 26, Battlefield Park, 5 Marina Drive, Selma AL. One of the largest Civil
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