Essays on Questions Connected with the Old English Poem of Beowulf
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The Battle with Grendel
That Herot would be his to command. And then He declared: 385 ' "No one strange to this land Has ever been granted what I've given you, No one in all the years of my rule. Make this best of all mead-halls yours, and then Keep it free of evil, fight 390 With glory in your heart! Purge Herot And your ship will sail home with its treasure-holds full." . The feast ends. Beowulf and his men take the place of Hrothgar's followers and lie down to sleep in Herot. Beowulf, however, is wakeful, eager to meet his enemy. The Battle with Grendel 8 Out from the marsh, from the foot of misty Hills and bogs, bearing God's hatred, Grendel came, hoping to kill 395 Anyone he could trap on this trip to high Herot. He moved quickly through the cloudy night, Up from his swampland, sliding silently Toward that gold-shining hall. He had visited Hrothgar's Home before, knew the way— 4oo But never, before nor after that night, Found Herot defended so firmly, his reception So harsh. He journeyed, forever joyless, Bronze coin showing a Straight to the door, then snapped it open, warrior killing a monster. Tore its iron fasteners with a touch, 405 And rushed angrily over the threshold. He strode quickly across the inlaid Floor, snarling and fierce: His eyes Gleamed in the darkness, burned with a gruesomeX Light. Then he stopped, seeing the hall 4io Crowded with sleeping warriors, stuffed With rows of young soldiers resting together. And his heart laughed, he relished the sight, Intended to tear the life from those bodies By morning; the monster's mind was hot 415 With the thought of food and the feasting his belly Would soon know. -
Danske Studier
DANSKE STUDIER GENERALREGISTER 1904-1965 AKADEMISK FORLAG KØBENHAVN Indhold Indledning 5 Forkortelser 7 I. Alfabetisk indholdsfortegnelse A. Afhandlinger og artikler 9 B. Anmeldelser 37 C. Meddelelser 53 II. Litteraturforskning A. Genrer, perioder, begreber 54 B. Stilistik 57 C. Verslære, foredragslære 58 D. Forfatter- og værkregister 60 Anonymregister 98 III. Sprogforskning A. Sprogforskning i alm., dansk og fremmed sproghistorie, blandede sproglige emner 103 B. Fonetik, lydhistorie, lydsystem 107 C. Grammatik: morfologi, syntaks 109 D. Runologi 111 E. Dialekter 113 F. Navneforskning 1. Stednavne 114 2. Personnavne 121 3. Mytologiske og sagnhistoriske navne 123 G. Behandlede tekster og håndskrifter 124 H. Behandlede ord 126 IV. Folkeminder og folkemindeforskning A. Historie, metode, indsamling 136 B. Skik og brug, fester 136 C. Folketro, folkemedicin, religionshistorie, mytologi 1. Folketro 138 2. Folkemedicin 141 3. Religionshistorie 141 4. Mytologi 142 D. Episk digtning, folkedigtning 1. Heltedigtning, heltesagn, sagnhistorie 144 2. Folkeeventyr, fabler 145 AT-nummorfortegnelse 146 3. Sagn, folkesagn 147 4. Historier, anekdoter 148 5. Ordsprog, gåder, naturlyd 148 6. Formler, bønner, signelser, rim, remser 148 7. Viser Folkeviser 149 Alfabetisk titelfortegnelse 150 DgF-nummerfortegnelse 152 Folkelige viser 155 Varia 156 E. Sang, musik, dans, fremførelse 157 F. Leg, idræt, sport 157 V. Folkelivsforskning og etnologi 159 A. Etnologi i alm., teori, begreber, indsamling. - B. Bygnings kultur. - C. Dragt. - D. Husholdning, mad, drikke, nydelses midler. - E. Jordbrug, havebrug og skovbrug. - F. Røgt. - G. Fiskeri. - H. Håndværk og industri. Husflid. - I. Samfærdsel, transport, handel, markeder. - J. Samfund, organisation, rets pleje. - K. Lokalbeskrivelser, særlige erhvervs- og befolknings grupper. VI. Blandede historiske og kulturhistoriske emner 162 VII. Personregister 165 VIII. -
Elever Ved Kristiania Katedralskole Som Begynte På Skolen I Årene (Hefte 7)
1 Elever ved Kristiania katedralskole som begynte på skolen i årene (hefte 7). 1881 – 1890 Anders Langangen Oslo 2020 2 © Anders Langangen Hallagerbakken 82 b, 1256 Oslo (dette er hefte nr. 7 med registrering av elever ved Schola Osloensis). 1. Studenter fra Christiania katedralskole og noen elever som ikke fullførte skolen- 1611-1690. I samarbeid med Einar Aas og Gunnar Birkeland. Oslo 2018 2. Elever ved Christiania katedralskole og privat dimitterte elever fra Christiania 1691-1799. I samarbeid med Einar Aas & Gunnar Birkeland. Oslo 2017. 3. Studenter og elever ved Christiania katedralskole som har begynt på skolen i årene 1800 – 1822. Oslo 2018. 4. Studenter og elever ved Christiania katedralskole som begynte på skolen i årene 1823-1847. Oslo 2019. 5. Studenter og elever ved Christiania katedralskole som begynte på skolen i årene 1847-1870. Oslo 2019 6. Elever ved Kristiania katedralskole som begynte på skolen i årene 1871 – 1880. Oslo 2019. I dette syvende heftet følger rekkefølgen av elvene elevprotokollene. Det vi si at de er ordnet etter året de begynte på skolen på samme måte som i hefte 6. For hver elev er det opplysninger om fødselsår og fødselssted, foreldre og tidspunkt for start på skolen (disse opplysningene er i elevprotokollene). Dåpsopplysninger er ikke registrert her, hvis ikke spesielle omstendigheter har gjort det ønskelig (f.eks. hvis foreldre ikke er kjent eller uklart). I tillegg har jeg med videre utdannelse der hvor det vites. Også kort om karriere (bare hovedtrekk) etter skolen og når de døde. Både skolestipendiene og de private stipendiene er registrert, dessuten den delen av skolestipendiet som ble opplagt til senere utbetaling og om de ble utbetalt eller ikke. -
An Examination of Scandinavian War Cults in Medieval Narratives of Northwestern Europe from the Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages
PETTIT, MATTHEW JOSEPH, M.A. Removing the Christian Mask: An Examination of Scandinavian War Cults in Medieval Narratives of Northwestern Europe From the Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages. (2008) Directed by Dr. Amy Vines. 85 pp. The aim of this thesis is to de-center Christianity from medieval scholarship in a study of canonized northwestern European war narratives from the late antiquity to the late Middle Ages by unraveling three complex theological frameworks interweaved with Scandinavian polytheistic beliefs. These frameworks are presented in three chapters concerning warrior cults, war rituals, and battle iconography. Beowulf, The History of the Kings of Britain, and additional passages from The Wanderer and The Dream of the Rood are recognized as the primary texts in the study with supporting evidence from An Ecclesiastical History of the English People, eighth-century eddaic poetry, thirteenth- century Icelandic and Nordic sagas, and Le Morte d’Arthur. The study consistently found that it is necessary to alter current pedagogical habits in order to better develop the study of theology in medieval literature by avoiding the conciliatory practice of reading for Christian hegemony. REMOVING THE CHRISTIAN MASK: AN EXAMINATION OF SCANDINAVIAN WAR CULTS IN MEDIEVAL NARRATIVES OF NORTHWESTERN EUROPE FROM THE LATE ANTIQUITY TO THE MIDDLE AGES by Matthew Joseph Pettit A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Greensboro 2008 Approved by ______________________________ Committee Chair APPROVAL PAGE This thesis has been approved by the following committee of the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. -
Kyrkjakten Upplev, Lär Dig Något Nytt, Lös Uppgifter, Samla Och ”Geocacha”
kyrkjakten Upplev, lär dig något nytt, lös uppgifter, samla och ”geocacha”. 17 gotländska kyrkor att besöka och uppleva. 3 Kyrkjakten - 17 gotländska kyrkor att besöka och uppleva. Svenska kyrkan Visby stift Text: Lars Bäckman Foto: Lars Bäckman Grafisk form: Lars Bäckman Omslagsbild: Fasad Fröjel kyrka Tryck: IVisby 2015 ISBN 978-91-982372-1-4 Ett stort tack till kyrkohistoriker Torsten Svensson för text- och fak- tagranskning, inspiration och mycket mycket kunskap! 4 Innehåll Bakgrund 4 lite basfakta om våra kyrkor 6 kyrkor att besöka 1. Anga 8 2. Bro 10 3. Bunge 12 4. Dalhem 14 5. Elinghems ödekyrka 16 6. Eskelhem 18 7. Fide 20 8. Fröjel 22 9. Gammelgarn 24 10. Gothem 26 11. Grötlingbo 28 12. Källunge 30 13. Lau 32 14. Linde 34 15. Lärbro 36 16. Silte 38 17. Stenkyrka 40 Bön att meditera över 41 Upplev mer. Litteratur och gudstjänsttips 42 Protokoll att pricka av besökta kyrkor 43 3 15 17 5 2 10 4 6 1 9 8 13 14 16 11 Här ser du var kyrkorna ligger, se nummer ovan. Men 7 du behöver nog en bättre karta för att hitta dem! 5 Nu kan kyrkjakten börja Men först lite bakgrund... Gotland är de hundra kyrkornas ö. Du behöver inte köra långt förrän du ser ett kyrktorn sticka upp och därefter ytterligare ett och ytterligare ett… Alla dessa kyrkor är ursprungligen uppförda för 800-900 år sedan, alltså på 1100- och 1200-talet då Gotlands landsbygd hade sin storhetstid. Sen händer mycket. Visbyborgarna tar över mer och mer av den handel som gjort gotlänningarna så rika. -
Number Symbolism in Old Norse Literature
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Medieval Icelandic Studies Number Symbolism in Old Norse Literature A Brief Study Ritgerð til MA-prófs í íslenskum miðaldafræðum Li Tang Kt.: 270988-5049 Leiðbeinandi: Torfi H. Tulinius September 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to thank firstly my supervisor, Torfi H. Tulinius for his confidence and counsels which have greatly encouraged my writing of this paper. Because of this confidence, I have been able to explore a domain almost unstudied which attracts me the most. Thanks to his counsels (such as his advice on the “Blóð-Egill” Episode in Knýtlinga saga and the reading of important references), my work has been able to find its way through the different numbers. My thanks also go to Haraldur Bernharðsson whose courses on Old Icelandic have been helpful to the translations in this paper and have become an unforgettable memory for me. I‟m indebted to Moritz as well for our interesting discussion about the translation of some paragraphs, and to Capucine and Luis for their meticulous reading. Any fault, however, is my own. Abstract It is generally agreed that some numbers such as three and nine which appear frequently in the two Eddas hold special significances in Norse mythology. Furthermore, numbers appearing in sagas not only denote factual quantity, but also stand for specific symbolic meanings. This tradition of number symbolism could be traced to Pythagorean thought and to St. Augustine‟s writings. But the result in Old Norse literature is its own system influenced both by Nordic beliefs and Christianity. This double influence complicates the intertextuality in the light of which the symbolic meanings of numbers should be interpreted. -
VA-Utbyggnadsplan För Region Gotland Plan För En Hållbar Utbyggnad Av VA-Försörjningen
VA-plan 2018 VA-utbyggnadsplan för Region Gotland Plan för en hållbar utbyggnad av VA-försörjningen Möjligheten att försörja nuvarande och tillkommande VA-planeringens olika dokument behöver hållas aktuella invånare och besökare med vatten har under de senaste för att de ska vara ett användbart underlag i regionens åren varit en begränsande faktor för exploatering och arbete med VA-frågor och översiktliga planering. Allt utveckling av bebyggda områden på flera platser på Got- eftersom VA-utbyggnadsplanens åtgärder genomförs land. Vision och strategi för Gotlands VA-försörjning 2030 skapas ett nytt nuläge som blir utgångs¬punkt för över- som antogs av Regionfullmäktige den 18 december 2017 syn av VA-strategin. En avstämning av VA-utbyggnads- är tydlig. Regionens arbete med VA-försörjning behöver planens åtgärder och införlivning av åtgärderna i verk- ske med utgångspunkt i tillgången till tjänligt dricksvat- samhetens budgetplanering sker årligen. ten och möjligheten att ordna en godkänd avloppsan- läggning – på hela ön. Region Gotland tar ett helhetsgrepp kring långsiktigt hållbar planering av dricksvatten, spillvatten och dag- vatten. Arbetet sker stegvis. Detta dokument är en VA-ut- byggnadsplan för Region Gotland som tillsammans med andra delplaner skapar en samlad VA-plan. Ansvaret för VA-utbyggnadsplanen ligger hos Tekniska förvaltningen, därtill berörs flera andra förvaltningar av planen. ÖNSKAT LÄGE 2030 • En beskrivning av ett fram- tida läge för VA-försörjningen på Gotland som ger alla berörda VA-PLAN samma syn på vart investeringar och arbete ska leda. • Sammanställning av åtgärder som behövs för Antagen av regionfullmäktige att i enlighet med strategin, 2017-12-18 STRATEGI gå från nuläget till ett önskat • Tydliga riktlinjer om vad som läge (målbild/vision). -
The Intertextuality of Beowulf, Cynewulf and Andreas1
The departure of the hero in a ship: The intertextuality of Beowulf , Cynewulf and Andreas 1 Francis Leneghan University of Oxford This article identifies a new Old English poetic motif, ‘The Departure of the Hero in a Ship’, and discusses the implications of its presence in Beowulf , the signed poems of Cynewulf and Andreas , a group of texts already linked by shared lexis, imagery and themes. It argues that the Beowulf -poet used this motif to frame his work, foregrounding the question of royal succession. Cynewulf and the Andreas -poet then adapted this Beowulfian motif in a knowing and allusive manner for a new purpose: to glorify the church and to condemn its enemies. Investigation of this motif provides further evidence for the intertextuality of these works. Keywords : Old English poetry; Beowulf , Cynewulf; Andreas ; Anglo-Saxon literature 1. Introduction Scholars have identified a number of ‘motifs’, ‘themes’ or ‘type scenes’ in Old English poetry. Two of the best-known such motifs are ‘the beasts of battle’, typically featuring the carrion eagle, wolf and raven, anticipating or rejoicing in slaughter (Magoun 1955, Bonjour 1957, Griffith 1993), and ‘the hero on the beach’, wherein a hero is depicted with his retainers in the presence of a flashing light, as a sea-journey is completed (or begun), usually at dawn 1 I would like to thank Daniel Anlezark, Hugh Magennis, Richard North, Andy Orchard, Rafael Pascual and Daniel Thomas for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. Francis Leneghan, Selim24 (2019): 105 –132. ISSN 1132-631X / DOI https://doi.org/10.17811/selim.24.2019.105-134 106 Francis Leneghan (Crowne 1960: 368; Fry 1966, 1971).2 Broadening the focus to consider both Old English verse and prose, Mercedes Salvador Bello identified the ‘leitmotif’ of ‘the arrival of the hero in a ship’ in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and Beowulf , featuring “a recurrent thematic pattern which presents the story of the heroes (or the hero) who arrive from northern lands in a boat and become the ancestors of Anglo-Saxon dynasties” (1998: 214). -
Paper Ideas for Medieval Germanic Literature
Paper Ideas for medieval Germanic literature: --Viking Cosmology: Yggdrasil--the World Tree, Urd, Literature Ginnungagap, Midgard and Mi∂gar∂sormr the World Any particular Anglo-Saxon poem or Viking saga (see your Serpent, ----Jotenheim, Bifrost Bridge, the creation Bradley textbook p. 553 et passim for complete list of known account as ideology Anglo-Saxon poems). Viking Myths --Aesir versus Vanir Germanic Perceptions of... --Valkyries --Sexuality --Giants --Eternity --Dwarves --Honor --Trolls and Troll-wives --Death in Battle --Ghosts Anglo-Saxon Riddles --Additive Creatures: Women in the Viking Age --The Norns: Ur∂r, Ver∂andi, Skuld Poetic Techniques: Prosopopoeia, Skaldaparma, Hattatal and --Alfar verse-forms --Huldre-Maids Poets: Skalds, Sceops, Germanic Myths in Old English Literature Medieval Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts --Weiland the Smith Genre Conventions of . --Sources and Analogues of Anglo-Saxon literature --the Sagas Anglo-Saxon Monsters --the Elegies --Bestiaries, The Physiologus --the Chronicles --Dragons --the Riddles --Trolls --the Charms --The Wonders of the East --the Saints' Lives --Sea Monsters A specific symbol in [pick a work] --Phoenix A specific character and characterizatin in [pick a work] --Satan/Demons in Anglo-Saxon Biblical accounts A specific narrative structure in [pick a work] Myths outside the Prose Edda: Wrymskvi∂a., the Elder Eddas, Saxo A specific literary theory applied to [pick a work] Grammaticus, etc. --Gender Studies Shamanism and Viking Cultures --Feminist Criticism Anglo-Saxon Magic Charms --Archetypal -
The Conversion of Scandinavia James E
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research Spring 1978 The ah mmer and the cross : the conversion of Scandinavia James E. Cumbie Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Recommended Citation Cumbie, James E., "The ah mmer and the cross : the conversion of Scandinavia" (1978). Honors Theses. Paper 443. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LIBRARIES 11111 !ill iii ii! 1111! !! !I!!! I Ill I!II I II 111111 Iii !Iii ii JIJ JIJlllJI 3 3082 01028 5178 .;a:-'.les S. Ci;.r:;'bie ......:~l· "'+ori·.:::> u - '-' _.I".l92'" ..... :.cir. Rillin_: Dr. ~'rle Dr. :._;fic:crhill .~. pril lJ, 197f' - AUTHOR'S NOTE The transliteration of proper names from Old Horse into English appears to be a rather haphazard affair; th€ ~odern writer can suit his fancy 'Si th an~r number of spellings. I have spelled narr.es in ':1ha tever way struck me as appropriate, striving only for inte:::-nal consistency. I. ____ ------ -- The advent of a new religious faith is always a valuable I historical tool. Shifts in religion uncover interesting as- pects of the societies involved. This is particularly true when an indigenous, national faith is supplanted by an alien one externally introduced. Such is the case in medieval Scandinavia, when Norse paganism was ousted by Latin Christ- ianity. -
Poetry and Society: Aspects of Shona, Old English and Old Norse Literature
The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Poetry and Society: Aspects of Shona, Old English and Old Norse Literature Hazel Carter School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 4 One of the most interesting and stimulating the themes, and especially in the use made of developments of recent years in African studies certain poetic techniques common to both. has been the discovery and rescue of the tradi- Compare, for instance, the following extracts, tional poetry of the Shona peoples, as reported the first from the clan praises of the Zebra 1 in a previous issue of this journal. In particular, (Tembo), the second from Beowulf, the great to anyone acquainted with Old English (Anglo- Old English epic, composed probably in the Saxon) poetry, the reading of the Shona poetry seventh century. The Zebra praises are com- strikes familiar chords, notably in the case of plimentary and the description of the dragon the nheternbo and madetembedzo praise poetry. from Beowulf quite the reverse, but the expres- The resemblances are not so much in the sion and handling of the imagery is strikingly content of the poetry as in the treatment of similar: Zvaitwa, Chivara, It has been done, Striped One, Njunta yerenje. Hornless beast of the desert. Heko.ni vaTemho, Thanks, honoured Tembo, Mashongera, Adorned One, Chinakira-matondo, Bush-beautifier, yakashonga mikonde Savakadzu decked with bead-girdles like women, Mhuka inoti, kana yomhanya Beast which, when it runs amid the mumalombo, rocks, Kuatsika, unoona mwoto kuti cheru And steps on them, you see fire drawn cfreru.2 forth. -
GIANTS and GIANTESSES a Study in Norse Mythology and Belief by Lotte Motz - Hunter College, N.Y
GIANTS AND GIANTESSES A study in Norse mythology and belief by Lotte Motz - Hunter College, N.Y. The family of giants plays apart of great importance in North Germanic mythology, as this is presented in the 'Eddas'. The phy sical environment as weIl as the race of gods and men owe their existence ultimately to the giants, for the world was shaped from a giant's body and the gods, who in turn created men, had de scended from the mighty creatures. The energy and efforts of the ruling gods center on their battles with trolls and giants; yet even so the world will ultimately perish through the giants' kindling of a deadly blaze. In the narratives which are concerned with human heroes trolls and giants enter, shape, and direct, more than other superhuman forces, the life of the protagonist. The mountains, rivers, or valleys of Iceland and Scandinavia are often designated with a giant's name, and royal houses, famous heroes, as weIl as leading families among the Icelandic settlers trace their origin to a giant or a giantess. The significance of the race of giants further is affirmed by the recor ding and the presence of several hundred giant-names in the Ice landic texts. It is not surprising that students of Germanic mythology and religion have probed the nature of the superhuman family. Thus giants were considered to be the representatives of untamed na ture1, the forces of sterility and death, the destructive powers of 1. Wolfgang Golther, Handbuch der germanischen Mythologie, Leipzig 1895, quoted by R.Broderius, The Giant in Germanic Tradition, Diss.