Executive summary 2 013 Executive summary 2 013 Summary

Introduction 2013 : Broadening the Scope \\\ 5

Mission A link between institutions, academia and industry \\\ 6

Role \\\ 6

Members A network in expansion \\\ 7

Projects Clean-mE / Active Debris Removal Toward solutions for an efficient debris removal \\\ 8 CleanSpace One in orbit with Swiss Space Systems (S3) \\\ 10

SpaceCam An eye in space to identify debris \\\ 11

CubETH A tool for precise orbit determination \\\ 12

Call for Ideas 2013 To foster disruptive space innovations based on ideas and concepts \\\ 13

Swisscube Twenty-two thousand trips around the planet \\\ 14

Events Space Career Day 2013 To grow the “ rocket scientists ” of tomorrow ! \\\ 15

ESA International Summer School A comprehensive overview of navigation \\\ 16

Space technology summer camps Moscow Beihang University \\\ 17

International Astronautical Congress When all space actors come together \\\ 18

6th EPFL robotic festival \\\ 19

Members’Word \\\ 20 Introduction

2013 : Broadening the Scope

The events heralded in 2012 came with a rapid pace in the beginning of 2013. The growth of membership, the clarification of our mission and tasks spelled out clearly for the first time in the terms of Reference document, the election of the first Steer- ing Committee and the appointment of its first chairman served to strengthen or purpose and direction.

The reputation of the sities of applied sciences and the two fed- Swiss Space Center eral institutes of technology. Continuing is steadily growing education has found strong interest with among the national the prototype of a week-long systems en- and international ac- gineering course that will be opened to tors. This allowed us all members from 2014 onwards. to participate in im- The new initiative “ call for ideas ” portant conferences launched in 2013 showed a strong reso- such as the RAST in Istanbul and the IAF/ nance in the country with more than 30 IAC in Beijing as invited speakers or as proposals submitted, a third of which session chair persons and gave us the could be funded. We are confident that opportunity to inform the international more than one of these studies will result in space community about activities in a project under the up-coming “ Mesures . de Positionnement ” or other international The first summer school with Beihang funding measures. University as well as the now established It is thanks to the support and trust of our summer school with Baumann University members and partners, as well our thor- of Moscow were a great success and will oughly dedicated staff that we are able be enhanced and repeated in the future. to accomplish the activities presented The Swiss Space Center has equally been in this executive summary and we are busy at a national level. Projects such as looking forward to the challenges that lie CubETH and the ESA GSTP study provide ahead of us. positive synergies between large and small industrial members as well as univer- Volker Gass, Director

\ \ \ 5 Mission Members

A link between institutions, academia and industry A network in expansion

Within the new “ Terms of Reference ” is- the mission of the Swiss Space Center : During the year 2013, the Swiss Space Center welcomed seven new Swiss industries sued on October 31st, 2013, the Board of “ The Swiss Space Center provides a ser- within its members : Almatech, Clemessy, DLTECH, Meggitt, Sarmap, Spectratime Directors composed by the SERI/SSO Direc- vice supporting institutions, academia and Swiss Space Systems (S3). tor, Daniel Neuenschwander, the EPFL Vice- and industry to access space missions President, Philippe Gillet and the ETHZ Vice- and related applications, and promote Therefore, the Swiss Space Center current- tutes, Universities, Universities of applied President, Roland Siegwart, has reinforced interaction between these stakeholders. ” ly counts 20 members from each region sciences) and institutions (Swiss Space Of- of Switzerland and representing all types fice, CSEM). Discussions are on-going with of companies (large size, medium and other entities from the Swiss space com- start-up), academies (Swiss Federal Insti- munity to include more members in 2014.

Role

• To network Swiss research institutions • To facilitate access to and implemen- and industries on national and inter- tation of space projects for Swiss re- national levels in order to establish fo- search institutions and industries; cused areas of excellence internation- • To provide education and training; ally recognized for both space R&D • To promote public awareness of space. and applications;

Swiss Space Center Members.

6 / / / \ \ \ 7 Projects Picker Mothership Shuttle

T2 T2 T2

Clean-mE / Active Debris Removal T1 T4 T1 T4 T1 T4

T3 T3 T3 Toward solutions for an efficient debris removal Launch

Launch Launch China’s demonstration of its capability to destroy an aging satellite in 2007, and the collision between the American satellite Iridium and the Russian Cosmos in 2009 brought a new emphasis on the orbital debris problem. Although most of the work PFSC had been concentrated on avoidance prediction and debris monitoring, all major MSSC space agencies are now claiming the need for active removal of debris. About 16’000 debris above 10 cm are catalogued. Roughly 2’000 of these are remains of Figure XX1 launch vehicles, 3’000 belong to defunct and the rest are either mission Example of 3 mission architectures for removing 4 target debris (T). generated or fragmentation debris.

In addition, over the years, many studies potential) per year. The Swiss Space Cent- have been performed to actively remove er in collaboration with Prof. O. De Weck, debris from LEO and GEO, and there is MIT (USA), created a mission and cam- a vast pool of information on this topic. paign analysis tool to feed the technical 2023 2024 However, all solutions known at this point analysis. The tool optimizes the launch Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec MS 1 for removing debris are difficult to imple- date and the debris selection path, the Kit 1.1 Kit 1.2 ment and require non-trivial resources number of remover satellites per launch ; MS 2 (cost, mass…). Furthermore, all these so- it provides a conceptual design of the Kit 2.1 Kit 2.2 lutions need new technology develop- remover satellite and kits, and allows for MS 3 Kit 3.1 ments for efficient debris removal. Based technology trade-offs (see Figures XX1 Kit 3.2 on these observations, the Swiss Space and XX2). The results of this activity were MS 4 Kit 4.1 Center has been involved in active debris published at the 6th ESA Conference on Kit 4.2 MS 5 removal research activities over the last Space Debris in Darmstadt, Germany. Kit 5.1 4 years in a program called “ Clean-mE ”. A second activity started under ESA fund- Kit 5.2 MS 6 Three major activities (involving students) ing, which purpose is to evaluate if and Kit 6.1 Kit 6.2 were pursued in 2014 in this field. which ADR technologies could be dem- Kit 6.3 The first activity was funded by EADS As- onstrated in space using (rang- Kit 6.4 trium under a CNES contract. It had for ing from 2 units up to 6 units in size/mass). Launch • 8 debris removed during the first year Re-entry purpose the evaluation of the most cost- This activity involves academic and indus- • 11 debris removed during the second year Rendezvous effective way to remove 5-10 large debris trial partners of the Swiss Space Center. It Cruise/Drift (the ones with the most debris creation is expected to finish late 2014. Figure XX1 Example of Removal Campaign output in the case of the Mothership (MS) and kits architecture (launches on Soyuz or Ariane 5).

8 / / / \ \ \ 9 CleanSpace One in orbit with Swiss Space Systems (S3) SpaceCam

The third activity of the Clean-mE pro- ment and mission scenario evaluations gram was the continuation of the CleanS- are on-going. An eye in space to identify debris pace One (CSO) project, which purpose A press conference took place in Payerne will be to demonstrate the removal and on September 10, 2013, to announce this In the frame of the Active Debris Removal (ADR) activities, the Swiss Space Center de-orbiting of SwissCube. A first funding new partnership and present the satel- is seeking for solutions permitting the in-flight identification of debris and the deter- partner, Swiss Space Systems (S3), joined lite’s new design. A large media cover- mination of their attitude. Vision system is a key element of this goal. An ADR mission the project late 2014. Project manage- age resulted from this event. will therefore require autonomous vision system, making use of smart cameras.

The Swiss Space Center identified a Swiss developed by the Swiss Space Center CleanSpace One Will De-Orbit Space Junk in 2018 Over 16000 pieces of space junk, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) indus- and sent to BUAA for implementation into CleanSpace One is to be the first satellite to clean earth’s orbit of dangerous debris. Developed at EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland, larger than 10 cm, the satellite will be launched into orbit by the Swiss Space Systems, aka S3, based on new launch technology that produces have been counted trial smart camera manufacturer and is the BUAA-SAT test platform. no spatial debris. in orbit around the Earth. adapting one of its camera models to In parallel, the Swiss Space Center de-

3 Separation of the capsule 4 Ejection and de-orbit 5 Target debris space requirements. In the frame of col- veloped a communication protocol be- Altitude: ~80 km of the capsule Altitude: ~700 km Speed: 28’000 km/h laboration with the Beihang University of tween the camera and the satellite as 6 Debris capture Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA) in well as the on-board software that will is ebr e d f th Beijing, China, BUAA gave an opportunity be tested with the Electrical Model, deliv- t o rbi O 2 Separation of the shuttle to the Swiss Space Center to fly a camera ered by end of December 2014 to BUAA. Altitude: ~10 km on the BUAA-SAT academic satellite that The Critical Design Review of the camera will be launched in 2014. was successfully performed in December

7 De-orbit and The objective of the Swiss Space Center 2013 and the manufacturing of the Quali- disintegration of debris is therefore to test a modified COTS indus- fication Model and Flight Model has been 1 Lift-off trial smart camera in flight and to verify released. CleanSpace One the camera computing power in space The qualification of the camera will be Expected Launch:2018 Mission: Eliminate and de-orbit obsolete satellites environment. A Structural and Thermal performed at EPFL in Spring 2014. Model of the camera has already been Infographie: Pascal Coderay / EPFL

CleanSpace One mission concept with the S3 launch.

Figure 1 Figure 1- Artist view of the SpaceCam.

10 / / / \ \ \ 11 CubETH Call for Ideas 2013

A tool for precise orbit determination To foster disruptive space innovations based on ideas and concepts CubETH is a project to evaluate low-cost GNSS sensors on a nano-satellite by follow- ing the Cubesat standard. GNSS sensors will be used for precise orbit determina- For the first time, the Swiss Space Cent- the needs of the European Space er initiated in 2013, under its mandate Agency (ESA) : tion and validation of attitude determination of the cube. The project shall verify from the SERI/SSO, a “ Call for Ideas ” • Micro-Nano Technologies (MNT) in-space use of COTS GNSS detectors and novel algorithms for on-board data to identify and demonstrate disruptive • Materials, Parts and Processes (MPP) processing. space innovations based on ideas and • Optics concepts. The main objective was to • Pico/Nano Sat technology and com- The main scientific goal of CubETH satel- “ Fachhochschulen ” and industry part- foster low Technology Readiness Level ponents lite is precision orbit determination using ners of Switzerland. Final integration and (typically TRL 1) research and develop- The call was opened on May 2nd and COTS GNSS sensors. Additionally, we aim testing will be performed at the Swiss ment studies related to space activi- at the end of the four weeks submission at characterizing attitude determination Space Center. Science operations will be ties. Four different topics were identi- phase, no less than 31 ideas and con- using GNSS sensors. Programmatic goal is driven by ETHZ in close collaboration with fied coming from the Development cepts were received among which 10 to implement this project in cooperation ground stations for mission operations lo- Plan of the Strategic Committee and were selected and funded for six months. between ETHZ and EPFL schools, involv- cated at HS Luzern and HS Rapperswil. ing engineers and students from federal Collaboration with industry is very impor- schools as well from HES / FH domain. This tant for this project. u-blox is supplying project will serve for education of new GNSS chips and knowledge on chip algo- generations of highly qualified engineers. rithms; RUAG Space is helping with testing The Geodesy and Geodynamics Lab of procedures and analysis of test data; Sa- the ETHZ is responsible for this scientific in- phyrion is helping with expertise in electri- strument (payload). GNSS sensors are pro- cal system and beacon design. vided by Swiss company u-blox. The Swiss PRR review was held in April 2013 and the Space Center is working on the satellite project was in Phase B at the end of the bus (1U-Cubesat). In order to accelerate year. The focus in 2013 was to examine the development process and reduce options for CubETH implementation and the cost, the goal is to reuse as much as qualifying individual components to vali- possible of the SwissCube design. Both date design choices. The goal of phase B main responsible entities (ETHZ and EPFL) is to deliver an operational FlatSat model work closely together with the different (electrical model), where all electrical and data interfaces will be verified. Pay- load, Control and Data Management, Electrical Power and Communication subsystems are now ready for integration on FlatSat. PDR is planned for 2014. The goal is to demonstrate functioning FlatSat at the PDR. In 2013 30 people were involved in the project across 5 different schools and more than 20 students worked on the project.

12 / / / \ \ \ 13 Swisscube Set your calendar for 2018 SwissCube and SCC# 35386 was only 63 In four year, Swisscube has narrowly meters. This is one of the 15’000 pieces avoided impact with space debris sev- of space debris more than 10cm in di- Twenty-two thousand trips around the planet eral times. As soon as it was launched, ameter that have been identified and it was quickly caught up in the train of are monitored from the ground by the The mission was supposed to last three months to one year. Four years later, Swiss- debris created by the February 2009 U.S. But it appears that Swisscube’s time cube is still orbiting the Earth and working ! This small Cubesat-type satellite, entirely collision between the commercial satel- has not yet come. Barring an unforeseen designed in Switzerland, was launched on September 23, 2009. After more than lite Iridium-33 the Russian satellite Cos- event, Swisscube’s demise has been pro- 22,000 trips around the planet, all its functions are still operational. Only one of its six mos-2251. in 2013, US Air Force alerted grammed for 2018. It will be the first object the Swiss Space Center no less than 12 captured and destroyed by CleanSpace solar sensors has been irreversibly damaged. times for predicted conjunction between One, the space debris clean-up satellite SwissCube and a secondary object. On currently under development at the Swiss September 2013 the distance between Space Center.

Events

Space Career Day 2013

To grow the “ rocket scientists ” of tomorrow !

The promotion of careers in the space business to students in Switzerland is one of the key roles of the Swiss Space Center. After six years of absence, it was decided to organize again a special event directly focused on the presentation of career opportunities in Switzerland and at the on November 11th.

The satellite’s mission was to photograph air wisdom of certain technological choices. This first new edition of a “ Space Career ESA technical center (ESTEC) in the Neth- glow. In four years, some 250 images were For example, it was decided that instead Day ” was held at EPFL with the partici- erlands was highlighted by the unique produced. Even though these data are not of components that were certified space- pation of RUAG Space, APCO Technolo- personal experience of our “ guest-star ”, precise enough to be studied scientifically, quality, standard electronic components gies, Spectratime for the industrial point colleague Prof. Claude Nicollier. the Swiss space community still considers would be used; they were thus much less of view and the Swiss Space Office for This was also the occasion for the SSO to Swisscube a success. expensive, such as mobile phone batter- the institutional side. It is part of differ- announce the implementation of a Na- Its goal was above all educational, as more ies bundled into a thermally controlled, ent actions taken to promote careers tional Trainee Programme in Switzerland than 200 students from EPFL and the Uni- waterproof housing. An innovative system in the space buisness pursued all along for the placement of young graduate versities of Applied Science learned about of copper mountings was developed that the year with the participation in various Swiss citizen at ESA in 2014. More infor- space technology. Today, the documenta- both secured the solar cells to the external public events, and also withthe minor in mation on this new programme will be tion on SwissCube give valuable information walls, ensuring stowage during the violent space technology at EPFL, the student given in the first quarter of 2014. to current students as it allows movements shakings of launch. “ The first week is deci- projects (bachelor and master) and the Thanks to the success encountered by and altitude verification for instance, as well sive, ” explains Richard. “ If the satellite gets summer camps (in Russia and China). this event with more than 60 students as testing of ground-based algorithms. through it without a hitch, it’s because it An interesting presentation of a former attending the presentations, the Swiss The fact that it has lasted this long proves was truly well built, and there’s a high likeli- EPFL student who has just completed his Space Center has decided to organize that the satellite is robust and confirms the hood that it will operate for years to come. ” Young Graduate Trainee (YGT) at the it on a yearly basis.

14 / / / \ \ \ 15 ESA International Summer School Space technology summer camps

A comprehensive overview of satellite navigation Moscow

The GNSS Summer School 2013 was held from 15th to 25th July 2013 at Hotel Schat- For the sixth times since 2008, the Swiss zalp in Davos, a former Sanatorium for Tuberculosis patients in an Art-nouveau style Space Center welcomed a group of 11 ideally situated on the heights of Davos at about 1600 m. Among a dozen other students and professors from Baumann Moscow State University (BMSTU) in May hotels prospected throughout Switzerland in 2012, it was definitely the one provid- for various lectures and laboratory activi- ing the best deal. ties. An employee of the Swiss Welding In- stitute in Yverdon-les- Bains was invited to The objective of the GNSS Summer School Netherlands, United States, Poland, Por- set-up a short experiment on welding reli- was to provide a comprehensive over- tugal, Republic of Korea, Slovenia, Spain, ability and another experiment on bear- view of satellite navigation : GNSS system, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago and the ing assembly for space mechanism was signals, processing of observations in a re- United Kingdom. Their nationalities were created for the occasion. BMSTU Space Technology Summer camp. ceiver, and position-navigation-time de- rarely related to their working places, As usual, a group of 12 Swiss students (11 termination. A few workshops were car- clearly demonstrating globalization of from EPFL and 1 from HES-SO) participated portunity to carry out interesting space pro- ried out for “ hands-on ” experiences, and economy and research in the domain. in the space technology summer camp jects in international teams and visit some lectures on intellectual property rights, There was for instance a French working organized by BMSTU in July. It was the op- famous sites of the Russian space activity. patents and business were given. The fu- in the UK, an Italian and a Hungarian in ture of satellite systems was also discussed Switzerland, an Argentinian and a Span- with emphasis on the development of a iard in Germany, an American working group project using innovative ideas and in Austria, a Pole in Czech Republic, etc. covering all aspects of start-up develop- The group included 15 young women. Beihang University ment : brainstorming, business plan, tech- The Swiss Space Center was in charge of nical realisation, and marketing. the co-organization of this summer school For the very first time, the Swiss Space Cent- The participants included a large range with ESA. It began with the selection of er organized an exchange summer school of educational backgrounds : graduate the best place, which appeared to be with Beihang University in Beijing. Beihang students with more than 3 years studies, Davos. Then, several teleconferences University is the new name for the former PhDs, Postdoctoral researchers under 35, and a meeting at ESTEC in May were held Beijing University of Aeronautics and As- young engineers and professionals from in order to allow a perfect welcome of tronautics (BUAA). It was founded in 1952 industry and agencies. Participants in- the participants in Switzerland. and was China’s first university focused on cluded 52 young people from 20 different During the two weeks in Davos, Mrs Mar- aeronautical and astronautical engineer- nationalities : Argentina, Australia, Austria, tine Harmel, administrative assistant at ing and academic research. Nowadays, China, Czech Republic, France Germa- SSC, was present and ensured the qual- it holds 26 schools in many disciplines such Swiss Delegation with University representatives. ny, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, The ity of all administrative and organizational as sciences, engineering, economics, man- tasks. In addition, two scientific assistants agement, humanities, law, philosophy, ed- In July, 8 people (4 young engineers from (Federico Belloni and Reto Wiesendan- ucation, medicine and art. the SSC, one EPFL students, two young ger) followed the complete school pro- This exchange began with the venue of engineers from the HES-SO and Mrs Muriel gram and issued a report on this experi- 9 students and professors of Beihang Uni- Richard, SSC Deputy Director) took part to ence. The first feedback from ESA based versity in April at EPFL. During the visit, the the international summer school organized on previous GNSS summer school was students, supervised by SSC engineers, per- in Beijing, where more than 130 students very positive and this Swiss edition is con- formed a project linked to the deorbiting of and young engineers coming from 27 sidered as successful. an object. In addition, they did a practical countries were involved. This was a great work in clean room based on welding reli- opportunity to reinforce the already exist- ability issues (with the participation of the ing link between Beihang University and the GNSS summer school participants at work. Swiss Welding Institute). Swiss Space Center.

16 / / / \ \ \ 17 International Astronautical Congress 6th EPFL robotic festival

When all space actors come together On April 20th, the 6th robotic festival took place at EPFL. This one-day event is organ- ized once a year at EPFL and pursues the objective to open the world of robotics to The International Astronautical Congress is the one place and time of the year general public. For the first time this year, the organizers decided to give a theme to when all space actors come together. Global, multidisciplinary and covering all the festival : “ In the Stars ! ” which was dedicated to the robots and Space. space sectors and topics, it offers everyone the latest space information, develop- ments but above all contacts and potential partnerships. It is affiliated to the IAF- The Swiss Space Center was asked to par- 17’000 people came to the festival which International Astonautical Federation, created in 1951 to foster dialogue between ticipate and built a stand to present its included exhibitions from EPFL laboratories, scientists around the world, and to support international cooperation in all space- projects (such as CleanSpace One), and HES, professional schools, associations and related activities. offered very successful games where the start-ups. This was a perfect opportunity children could grasp a small SwissCube to raise public awareness of space, which with a gripper. one of the roles of the Swiss Space Center.

The Federation is the world’s leading organizing committee (LOC) compris- space advocacy body with 246 mem- ing high-level representatives of all key bers, including all key space agencies, space actors in China, ranging from gov- companies, societies, associations and ernment to industry and academia, IAC institutes across 6 continents and 62 coun- 2013 has been one of the most thorough tries. Its annual International Astronautical introductions to the Chinese space world Congress (IAC) changes country, theme to date. and local organizer. For four days, the main space programs In 2013, the 64th edition took place in Bei- of major agencies have been presented jing on the theme “ Promoting Space De- and discussed with the audience from velopment for the Benefit of Mankind ”. all over the world, followed by 30 space- It was hosted by the Chinese Society of related themes divided into 180 technical Astronautics (CSA 23-27 September 2013 sections. The Swiss Space Center present- with more than 3000 attendees, 180 tech- ed three papers in the technical sections nical sessions, 8 plenary events, 3 high- between student and scientific projects light lectures and 3 late breaking news, and one of its experts attended as chair- and appearances by elites. With a local man in one of the technical sections.

18 / / / \ \ \ 19 Members’ word

To help find talents and promote space awareness

“ APCO Techno- System engineering including design dents were selected to perform training logies is a Swiss and analysis of flight and ground sup- periods. company active in port equipment is one of the key assets APCO Technologies is also part of the the design, manu- of APCO Technologies. It is important Space harmonization process and we facturing, integra- for us that this core competence is consider the coordination work per- tion and testing of maintained and further developed to formed by the Swiss Space Center as space, nuclear and support the heavy proposal and devel- essential in order to federate and de- other special in- opment phases of our projects. fend a common and coherent Swiss dustrial equipment. In the context of our space activities, position towards the European compe- For the space industry, we develop the availability of highly qualified re- tition. flight structures, instruments and preci- sources is a major factor of our suc- We thank the Swiss Space Center for sion mechanisms as well as complex cess. Therefore, the support of the Swiss their work and congratulate them for optical, mechanical, thermal integra- Space Center is important to help find- their achievements in 2013. ” tion and testing systems for on ground ing these talents among Swiss students activities. These challenging develop- and to promote space and industrial ments are performed mainly for Earth awareness in the Swiss institutions. The Observation and Science applica- ‘Space Career’s Day’ organized in No- Didier Manzoni tions for the European Space Agency vember perfectly illustrates our expec- APCO technologies missions. tations. We initiated contacts and stu- General Manager Space

S3 and the Swiss Space Center : a natural fit in 2013 and beyond

“ 2013 was a also gave us time to work on the hard As future launcher, we feel it is our re- special year for task of developing our network of inter- sponsibility to make our part in order to S3. As it saw our national industrial partners and institu- solve this space debris issue, which rep- official launch, tional technical advisors. This network resents an environmental issue as much we communica- keeps growing to this day and consti- as a safety issue. ted for the first tutes a strong asset for S3. CS 1 will demonstrate its technology For more information time about our Among these technical advisors com- thanks to the in-orbit delivery we will company and ing from Europe, the US and Russia, who provide in 2018. On the other hand, we contact : space program, all help us in the current R&D phase, will demonstrate our launching system this after a couple years of work hidden the Swiss Space Center naturally fits in, during this challenging mission. A de- from public view. since its mission is to support industries finitive Win-Win collaboration we look Swiss Space Center One of the inspirations behind S3 in the field of aerospace. During the forward to continuing in the coming comes from the K-1000 suborbital shut- course of 2013 we have established a years. ” EPFL, Station 11 tle project I had the pleasure of work- fruitful collaboration manifested in our 1015 Lausanne ing on under the supervision of Pro- partnership on CleanSpace One an- fessor Claude Nicollier between 2005 nounced in September. This innovative and 2009. From 2009 to 2012, we then satellite project will be launched by our Pascal Jaussi Tel. : +41 (0)21 693 69 48 refined our technical project and- de reusable launching system; itself char- founder and CEO of Swiss Space veloped our business model. This period acterized by its efficiency and safety. Systems (S3) http://space.epfl.ch

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