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Rapid Food Security Assessment in Baghdad Governorate

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Rapid Food Security Assessment in Baghdad Governorate February 2015 Rapid Food Security Assessment in Baghdad Governorate Prepared by: M&E Unit, Relief International 0 Acknowledgment This report was written under the generous donation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the FAO Project “Increase food availability among conflict-affected vulnerable rural households and support continuous assessment and monitoring of the food security situation” (OSRO/IRQ/401/CHA). FAO, RI and WFP are thankful to the households surveyed for participating in this assessment, to the brave field monitors who conducted this survey in difficult and insecure areas, and FAO and WFP for its technical support. The report was completed under the technical supervision and contribution of Hadi Fathallah, Food Security Officer at FAO Iraq, Ayman Ramisis, Head of Programs at RI, and Venkat Dheeravath, VAM Officer at WFP Iraq. At FAO, special thanks goes to Fadel El Zubi, Country Representative, Paul Schluncke, Emergency Coordinator, Nakd Khamis, Senior Agronomist, Mohamed AwDahir, Regional Food Systems Economist, and the rest of FAO Iraq team. At WFP, special thanks goes to Jane Pearce, Country Representative & Country Director and Venkat Dheeravath, VAM Officer and Tareq Abdulhaj, the rest of the WFP Iraq and Regional team. At RI, special thanks goes to Fadi Hanna, Assessment Officer, and the rest of the team. 1 Table of Content 1. BACKGROUND 1 1.1 CONTEXT 2 1.2 OBJECTIVES 3 1.3 METHODOLOGY 3 1.3.1 RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING OF FIELD STAFF 3 1.3.2 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS 4 1.4 POPULATION AND SAMPLE DESCRIPTION 4 1.5 LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES 6 2. KEY FINDINGS 6 2.1 DEMOGRAPHICS 6 2.2 KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS 9 2.2.1 INCOME LEVEL 9 2.2.2 EXPENDITURE 11 2.3 FOOD SECURITY STATUS 12 2.3.1 ACCESS TO FOOD ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2.3.2 FOOD CONSUMPTION ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2.3.3 FOOD SECURITY INDICATOR ANALYSIS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2.3.4 ACCESS TO ASSISTANCE 19 2.4 AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS STATUS 19 2.4.1 AGRICULTURAL PROFILE OF BAGHDAD 20 2.4.2 HOUSEHOLD ENGAGEMENT IN LIVELIHOOD 21 2.4.3 AGRICULTURAL ZONES AND LIVELIHOOD GROUPS 25 2.4.4 ACCESS TO WATER 26 2.4.5 ACCESS TO INPUT 28 2.4.6 EMPLOYMENT TREND 29 2.4.7 SERVICES AVAILABLE TO LIVELIHOOD GROUPS 29 2.4.8 CHANGES IMPACTING LIVELIHOOD GROUPS 30 2.4.9 CHALLENGES FACING LIVELIHOOD 31 2.4.10 SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO FACE AND OVERCOME NEGATIVE CHANGES 32 2.5 MARKETS AND SUPPLY CHAIN STATUS 33 3. CONCLUSIONS 36 4. RECOMMENDATIONS 37 WATER 37 FINANCE 38 POST-HARVEST CROP LOSSES 38 SMALL SCALE MECHANIZATION 38 2 FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS 39 HOME GARDENS AND SMALL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 39 SECURITY 39 3 Table of Figures FIGURE 1 - MARITAL STATUS OF THE HEAD OF HHS ......................................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2 - GENDER OF THE HEAD OF HHS AND INTERVIEWEES .......................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 3 - EDUCATION LEVEL OF THE HEAD OF HHS ........................................................................................................ 8 FIGURE 4 - DISABILITY STATUS OF HEAD OF HHS ............................................................................................................. 8 FIGURE 5 – 2013 – 2014 INCOME PATTERN ............................................................................................................... 10 FIGURE 6 - REASONS FOR DECREASE IN INCOME ............................................................................................................ 11 FIGURE 7 - FOOD PROBLEMS ..................................................................................................................................... 12 FIGURE 8 – FOOD PROBLEMS PER DISTRICT .................................................................................................................. 13 FIGURE 9 - FOOD ITEMS INTAKE FREQUENCY ................................................................................................................ 14 FIGURE 10 - SOURCES OF FOOD ................................................................................................................................. 15 FIGURE 11 - AGRICULTURAL ENGAGEMENT .................................................................................................................. 21 FIGURE 12 - CROPS CULTIVATED AT HOME ................................................................................................................... 22 FIGURE 13 - CROPS CULTIVATED ON A LARGER SCALE ..................................................................................................... 22 FIGURE 14 - # OF PEOPLE WORKING ON LAND ............................................................................................................. 23 FIGURE 15 - LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................................................... 25 FIGURE 16 - PROGRESS OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................................ 25 FIGURE 17 - CONSTRAINTS IN WATER ACCESS .............................................................................................................. 27 FIGURE 18 - INPUTS AND TECHNIQUES ........................................................................................................................ 28 FIGURE 19 - CHANGES IN YIELDS IN THE LAST 24 MONTHS ............................................................................................. 30 FIGURE 20 - REASONS FOR DECREASE IN YIELDS ............................................................................................................ 31 FIGURE 21 - POOR PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................................................. 31 FIGURE 22 - OBSTACLES IMPEDING LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................... 32 4 Table of Tables TABLE 1 - NUMBER OF SAMPLES ........................................................................................................................................... 5 TABLE 3 - DESCRIBING THE FAMILY ....................................................................................................................................... 8 TABLE 4 - ORIGIN OF IDPS................................................................................................................................................... 9 TABLE 5 - INCOME LEVEL ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 TABLE 6 - EXPENDITURE IN THE LAST 6 MONTHS ................................................................................................................... 11 TABLE 7 - EXPENDITURE IN THE LAST 30 DAYS ...................................................................................................................... 12 TABLE 8 - DIET PATTERN ....................................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 9 - EATING LESS-PREFERRED/EXPENSIVE FOOD ................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 10 - BORROWING FOOD OR REPLYING ON HELP FROM FRIENDS AND RELATIVES .................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 11 - LIMITING PORTION SIZE AT MEALTIME .................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 12 - LIMITING ADULT INTAKE IN ORDER FOR SMALL CHILDREN TO EAT ................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 13 - REDUCING THE NUMBER OF MEALS PER DAY ............................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 14 - FOOD CONSUMPTION SITUATION IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS ........................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 15 - FOOD BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITIES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS ................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 16 - ACCESS TO ASSISTANCE ..................................................................................................................................... 19 TABLE 17 – CULTIVATED LAND AND OWNERSHIP TYPE ........................................................................................................... 20 TABLE 18 –TYPE OF TENURE .............................................................................................................................................. 20 TABLE 19 - TYPES OF LIVESTOCK AND CROP .......................................................................................................................... 21 TABLE 21 - INTEREST IN PLANTING CROPS ............................................................................................................................ 23 TABLE 22 – TYPE OF TRAINING REQUIRED ............................................................................................................................ 24 TABLE 23 - KEEPING LIVESTOCK TABLE 24 - REASONS FOR SELLING ANIMALS ................................................................. 24 TABLE 25 - IRRIGATION AND WATER USEAGE PATTERN .......................................................................................................... 26 TABLE 26 - SOURCES OF WATER ........................................................................................................................................
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