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Preserving African Cultural Heritage Préservation Du Patrimoine Culturel 13th Congress of the Panafrican Archaeological Association for Prehistory and Related Studies ­ PAA th 20 Meeting of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists ­ Safa Preserving African Cultural Heritage Préservation du Patrimoine Culturel Africain 13ème Congrès de l’Association Panafricaine d’Archéologie et Disciplines Associées – PANAF ème 20 Réunion de la Société des Archéologues Africanistes – Safa Dakar, 1­7 November / novembre 2010 Illustration de couverture : Pierre-lyre du site mégalithique de Sine-Wanar © Direction du Patrimoine du Sénégal © IFAN-Cheikh Anta Diop & Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar, octobre 2010 Acknowledgements / Remerciements The joint 13th Congress of the Panafrican Archaeological Association and the 20th biannual meeting of the Society of Africanists Archaeology was a marvelous team work effort that involved many people and various institu- tions. We thank all the members of the local organization committee who have worked sometimes under difficult conditions to meet the challenge of organizing a joint congress of the two largest archaeological associations of Africanists. We are grateful to our sponsors who made this possible thanks to their generous support. L’organisation conjointe du 13ème Congrès de l’Association Panafricaine d’Archéologie et de disciplines associées et de la 20ème Conférence biennale de Safa a été le produit d’un merveilleux travail d’équipe qui a impliqué plu- sieurs personnes et des institutions variées. Nous remercions tous les mem- bres du comité local d’organisation qui ont travaillé parfois dans des condi- tions difficiles pour être à la hauteur de l’organisation conjointe du congrès des deux plus grandes associations d’archéologues africanistes. Tout cela a été rendu possible grâce au généreux soutien de plusieurs sponsors à qui nous exprimons ici notre gratitude. Sponsors and Partners / Partenaires Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Panafrican Archaeological Association Society of Africanist Archaeologists Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire – Cheikh Anta Diop Laboratoire d’archéologie de l’IFAN-CAD Département d’Histoire de l’UCAD Écoles Doctorales ARCIV et ETHOS Présidence de la République du Sénégal Ministre de l’Enseignement supérieur, des Universités et des Centres universitaires Régionaux (CUR) et de la Recherche scientifique Ministère de la Culture et de la Francophonie Direction du Patrimoine UNESCO-Breda Wenner Gren Fondation Africa World Heritage Fund UISPP - International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sci- ences Mairie de Dakar Mairie de Gorée Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie Statistical Research, Inc. Nexus Heritage SRI Foundation Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Group Antiquity World Archaeological Congress McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge PAST- Palaeontological Scientific Trusts Kirène Air France Local Organizing Committee Comité local d’Organisation • Hamady Bocoum, Directeur du Patrimoine, Laboratoire d’Archéologie, IFAN-UCAD • Ibrahima Thiaw, Laboratoire d’Archéologie, IFAN-UCAD • Charles Becker, Centre d’Études africaines • Ndèye Sokhna Guèye, Laboratoire d’Archéologie, IFAN-UCAD • Moustapha Sall, Département d’Histoire, Université Cheikh Anta Diop • Abdoulaye Camara, Laboratoire d’Archéologie, IFAN-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal • Mandiomé Thiam, Département d’Histoire, Université Cheikh Anta Diop • Anna Marie Diagne, Laboratoire de Linguistique, IFAN-UCAD • Adjaratou Omar Sall, Laboratoire de Linguistique, IFAN-UCAD • Youssouph Diatta, Laboratoire de Biologie marine, IFAN-UCAD • Maurice Ndèye, Laboratoire Carbone 14, IFAN-UCAD • Sokhna Sané, Département d’Histoire, IFAN-UCAD • Khady Diouf, Laboratoire Biologie marine, IFAN-UCAD • Babacar Diop dit Buuba, Département de Langues romanes, Université Cheikh Anta Diop • Papa Alioune Ndao, École doctorale ARCIV, Université Cheikh Anta Diop • Ramatoulaye Diagne, École doctorale ETHOS, Université Cheikh Anta Diop • Cheikh Kaling, Département d’Histoire, IFAN-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal • Jean Baptiste Ndiaye, Service Informatique, IFAN-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal • Salimata Coly, Secrétaire, IFAN-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal • Mame Lika Dramé, IFAN-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal 6 13ème Congrès de la PANAF - 20ème Réunion de la SAFA 13th Congress of the PAA - 20th Meeting of the Safa International Scientific Committee Comité scientifique international • Paul Lane, President of Safa, HEEAL, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, UK • Susan Keech McIntosh, Department of Anthropology, Rice University, Texas, Houston • Eric Huysecom, Département d’Anthropologie et d’Écologie de l’Université de Genève - Mission archéologique et ethnoarchéologique suisse en Afrique de l’Ouest (MAESAO), Département d’Histoire et d’Archéologie de l’Université de Bamako • Alinah Segobye, President of Panaf, Department of Archaeology, Uni- versity of Botswana • François G. Richard, Department of Archaeology, University of Chi- cago • Benjamin Smith, Director, Rock Art Research Institute, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Many thanks to all the student staff of University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar and Volunteer Team. Nos vifs remerciements au groupe d’étudiants de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar et à l’équipe de volontaires. Préservation du patrimoine culturel africain Premier appel à contributions L’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, à travers l’Institut Fondamen- tal d’Afrique Noire Cheikh Anta Diop, a le plaisir de vous annoncer le XIIIe Congrès de l’Association Archéologique Panafricaine de Préhis- toire et des Disciplines Associées (PANAF). Ce Congrès, qui se tiendra du 1er au 7 novembre 2010 à l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, est le deuxième organisé au Sénégal. En 1967 déjà, l’Université de Dakar et particulièrement l’ancien Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) avaient eu l’honneur d’accueillir le VIe Congrès du PANAF, au lendemain du Premier Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres, qui avait été, à l’époque, un évènement scientifique et culturel exceptionnel. On se rappellera, que c’est au cours de ce VIe Congrès qu’ont été révélées à une grande échelle et avec beaucoup d’émotion, les grandes découvertes de la vallée de l’Omo qui feront dire au Président Senghor en ouverture du Con- grès que « L’Homo sapiens dépasse, de toute sa liberté, les déterminations de son milieu ». Et comme nous aimons les symboles, ce XIIIe Congrès se déroulera, un an après le IIIe Festival mondial des arts nègres que le Sénégal va organiser aussi pour la seconde fois. Dans ce contexte, l’ambition du Comité d’organisation est de faire du XIIIe Congrès un évènement, non seulement africain, mais également plané- taire, en mettant à contribution, les immenses opportunités des NTIC dont disposent aujourd’hui le tout nouveau Campus Universitaire de l’UCAD II et les différents démembrements de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar. Nous souhaitons aussi que ce XIIIe Congrès soit un moment fort de re- fondation et de consolidation du rôle et de la place du PANAF dans la défini- tion d’un nouvel humanisme qui fait de la préservation de la diversité des expressions culturelles son ethos. S’il ne fait aucun doute que c’est l’archéologie qui a mis en déroute les idéologies de l’évolutionnisme et du diffusionnisme qui déniaient à l’Afrique toute initiative quand au dévelop- pement du génie humain, l’apport discret, mais efficace, de notre discipline à la réécriture de l’histoire africaine, et à la place du continent dans l’Histoire Universelle sont loin d’avoir été évalué à sa juste valeur. Aussi, ce XIIIe Con- grès devrait-il être un profond moment de rétrospective et de bilan, d’autant plus approprié que 2010 coïncide aussi, par le hasard du calendrier, au cin- quantième anniversaire de la Grande vague des indépendances africaines. Quels bilans et quelles perspectives archéologiques pour une Afrique en devenir en ce début de 21ème où le continent reste confronté à des défis ma- 8 13ème Congrès de la PANAF - 20ème Réunion de la SAFA 13th Congress of the PAA - 20th Meeting of the Safa jeurs dans un contexte globalisant où les barrières culturelles, économiques, et politiques se rétrécissent considérablement ? Nous souhaitons enfin, qu’au delà de nos préoccupations essentielles que sont les échanges scientifiques et académiques, ce Congrès Panafricain soit l’opportunité pour que l’esprit Panaf puisse s’incruster dans un corps ; c'est- à-dire se doter d’un siège organique, un secrétariat permanent et participer à la vie culturelle du continent, notamment et à toutes les organisations régionales. Il s’agira, dans cette perspective, de réfléchir sur les synergies in- dispensables à la promotion d’une archéologie préventive en cohérence avec l’aménagement des terroirs africains pour prendre en charge la préservation et la valorisation du patrimoine archéologique africain. Notre Association devra nécessairement et urgemment répondre aux mutations profondes du continent notamment en rapport avec l’exploration et l’exploitation effrénée des ressources minières et énergétiques, l’urbanisation galopante, les travaux d’irrigation, les aménagements touristiques et les politiques de développe- ment dans leur ensemble dont l’impact négatif sur les ressources archéologiques n’est plus à démontrer. Dans cette perspective, le Comité Scientifique va proposer une série de thèmes autour desquels pourraient être articulées les différentes Sessions du Congrès. Il va de soit qu’il ne s’agit, à ce stade du chronogramme, que de simples indications. Les participants sont encouragés à proposer des thèmes supplémentaires
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