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Of the Internal Anatomy of Acanthocephala Thomasi Uhler (Hemiptera, Coreidae)

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Of the Internal Anatomy of Acanthocephala Thomasi Uhler (Hemiptera, Coreidae) A study of the internal anatomy of Acanthocephala thomasi Uhler (Hemiptera, Coreidae) Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors O'Connell, Cornelius Varley, 1935- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 18:01:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551407 : r' ’i- ■ . A STUDY 'OF THE INTERNAL ANATOMY OF : • ACANTHOCEPHALA THOMAS I UHLER . (Heraiptera, Coreidae) ry: V ' '; ' ' ' L. : Z::,; \ :Coriieliuis V arley■ ;0 ‘C o n n e ll,■Jr. vc 1 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the v :'i DC p ARTMENT;OF ENT OMOLCGY :■ . , ' v : / Iii Pa.rtial Fulfillm ent of the .B.equirements ; - For the Degree of , , ,e ^; , MASTER OF.SCIENCEy ' \ ' : ' , In the Graduate College ;y ’ : ■ 'UNIVERSiT Y ^ F ARIZONA .. ^ y ; : :;n ‘ :v • J'vl ■ I- : v.o./. ■.: v. ■ ■ 1 w - h !■• * !■• :=- 5. L •» J ' .. .. ^ ■ j 1 ' , j. if/' : j—... ■\ ■ » - , f - 1 W ' X v , " V- . ' : ' ; j, . .1 / J'/i'-'- ' ' ' - % - -x" : -:.i :■ 1 - i - ' • " ■ '.. ■ . - _'r ••• ■- . ' . ' -■ '' ‘‘ - . ; / >:-a < W ? / ' 5 5 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library, Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of ' source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholars hip. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: -■'V - . ' .; - / APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown, below: W illiam L„ . Nutting Associate Professor of Entomolo^ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to Div William.',L» Nutting (University of Arizona) under whose guidance the investigation was carried out« Without his direction in.laboratory procedures, illustrations of the Systems and preparation of the thesis itself, the Study would not have been possible. The author would also like to acknowledge the aid of the follow­ ing people during the course of this study: Miss Marian Adachi and Mrs. Lois Koenig (University of Arizona) for supplying material used in the investigation, and also for Miss Adachi!s assistance, in the pre­ paration of the drawings| and Mr. Peter Ashlock (United States National Museum) for the identification of Specimens. ii i : t a b i j e o f d W iE m T s -/ ■, ' y'. , . ; \ A-' P age, , List of Figures,,« . .> , o‘ o e> o e 9 o *eVo o » o » <a o'* o o » e o e e o e. a o 6 e o o o Abbreviations used in Figures. „ ,i» o « » . ° ° ,':':vi •' INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW... ... ' " T ' i,MATERIALS AND' METHODS, i ..^A i ' . ’. • . , ' THE M ALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM . ... .Y;>;5 ' General, structure of the abdomen. ... e © e -o o O', c o o e > P, o 0, 0 ov® ® o. > ®- P O O p e« o«; o,-o o © e p ©, © p e o , © o ' 5 V ' ' . o a a O e p,p ® op o o o,o e • o a * o p o o 6 f. - ■ , . .. .::v THE F E M A L E ' REPROD UC TIVE SYSTEM.... .' 9 ■ General structure of the abdom en».o'* ® ©® o................. o o e o p ©o ®o ®o *o ®o p© o o e ,• 9 , Ovtslti v a r ie 0 s and dued u cts t s ©o p ® », @ © © »© © © © © © ® ® » ® © © © ,© © © © © © © ©, © © © • 9 . / ; •. , . -a,;' , ■ ' .. ■ » CD.Vip O S it O r © ©,: © © ® ©■ © © © © © © © © © ©,©.©*©.©© © © © © © o ©op © •*© e » a, ©. © © © © ©, io ; w a-;- • . , . ■ ; ^ : T H F : NEE V O U S SY STEM ... ».© © o © o © .© ® ©' e.o © © © © © © © © © p ©._©,. 12 : ■ : THE AFIMPSTAB-Y CANAL..>,. ...iivu, 15 'A;;: ■ . ; ■ S a liv a ry ■,glaho-S.......,.,.,. *..»,«•••«.». «•. v . *. .. ... .. .,T r -'v ' " . THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM..................... 18 ■ - y : ■ ' .... DISCUSSION AND OONCLHSIQNS.. .i,....... .Y. .-.... 20 ,S XJIvi jAjH.'Y" © ©oe © © © © e » © o p o * © © ©o© e '© ©' ©;, .»*’© © , «, © p e e o © o © © © 22 •v;';; ;;L.li?ERATUR CITED. .■:. o © '© '© © o. ©- .© '©' © © © © © - :'::23 : , :\.V V * ' a '; LIST OF FIGURES F igu re , x " . '. , . P age 1, , " Male reproductive system , dorsal view (x 8)o„ „ „ „ „ « » „ 2« Phallus of male reproductive system, anterior Vi Q'S/P" (x 0 ^) O 0 o !o e e « , o a a « o o « a » e • « e o o e ® » o .* » • o e o o p o; o e e » 25 3. Aedeagus and endophallus, anterior view (x 2Q)„ „ „. „ 25 4. Left side of brain and su b oes ophageal ganglion (xSd). 25 .51: : 'a’Eemale. r ep roductive1. s ystem , dor s al view (x 8)4. «' 6. Posterior region of female abdomen,■ ventral • V iew (x U s) 6 o o o e © o <r o.\ ♦ e e e © e. o ©. e <t © © » © © © © a ©♦©©•©©©©©. © 26 . 7, First valvula of female ovipositor, dor sal - view (x 28.) 26 V 8© Second yalvifer and .valvula of ovippsitor, •dorsal ' • ' ■ V iew (x '38) a, © « » © * * .© a ©%© e". o © © © © e, ©: © a © © © ©- e « » © a .© a © © © © © © ::26;;;4 9© Brain and ventral nerve cord, dorsal view (x 8)4© © „ © 27 10. :Alimentary canal, dorsal view (x © © ©. a ,e e e o « » o. e 28 . 11© Left salivary gland and accessory structures, ven tra l viev: (x L © © © © © © « «■© ©■© ©, ©«©.©«© .© © © © •© ©« © © © © © 28 Dorsal blood vessel, ventral view (x 11)© © .©•©.© 29 . ■ .v T ABBREVIATIONS USED IN FIGURES AcGl accessory gland • ' Ost ostia , . , Aed aedeagu's • Ov ovary - : . An - anus' ' ■ - vV: : . Phy pharynx _ ' ■ ' • y y AM • abdominal nerve Pmr paramere AntNv antennal nerye Ptn Gng prothoracic ganglion Aid ao rta : ^:.i' Py pylorus . bcpx:; , bursa copula.trix . RGIR repugnatorial gland reservoir 1 Br v ' protoic erebrum ^' Rect rectum Goe Con circumoesophageal . SID salivary duct SlGl . salivary gland De ductus ejaculatorius . Soe Gng suboesophageal ganglion dt- alary muscle " : Spt spe rmatheca. Due ' - ,' : 'iductifer u : - y'; Spt G1 spermathecal gland EnpR endophailus • Stp stapes ’ .- • ■ Gca gdstrie caeca ■ T A te r gal arm . Gen Gap genital cnpSule . Tes - ' testis GN . genital nerve . •’ Vd yas deferens V Ht y . h eart 1 Vent first portion of mid-gut LMs lateral mesothoracic 2 Vent second portion of mid-gut - ; v'A : n erv e . : , 3 Vent third portion of mid- gut LMt lateral metathpracic 4 Vent fourth portion of mid-gut ■ nerye: ■ YY'/ ^ ■■■■■' VI valvula DPN ; . ■ lateral prothoracic ■ : Vlf valvifer y . y. : nerve ^ _ . Vsm vesicula seminalis MaT malpighian tubule : Ode oyiductus communis Qdl y; aviductus lateralis Oe • oesophagus OP del • oc ellar pedicel • INTRODUCTION AND LITERAT URE REVIEW . This study was undertaken in the hope that it .might, in some small way, increase our knowledge of the internal anatomy of the hemip­ terous insects. Some of the families of this order have been studied quite extensively insofar as reproductive and digestive systems are con­ cerned, The families Miridae and Cimicidae are good examples of this, . Other groupsy on the contrary, have been the Subject of little investiga- , tion as is the case in the family COreidae, Wooley (1949) made a study of the digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems in the box elder bug, Leptocoris triyittatus (Say) (Coreidae), In 1951, he studied the circulatory system of this same insect, and in these two works he has given a fairly detailed description,of these system s. He fails to mention anything of the so-called sympathetic: nervous system , however. An excellent work on the nervous system of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), by Rutschky and Stryjak (1955) proved useful. The neryous system in this member of the family Dygaeidae was found to be very Similar to that in the coreid under study, A comprehensive study of the alimentary canal of the order Hem- iptera was made by Elson (1937). The members of the order were 2 Studied in ligM of their different feeding habits: plant suckings preda- ceous, algae-feeding^ fungi-feedingg and the blood«sucking insects^. The treatment includes general but valuable information for anyone interested in this sy&teiru ;: i * - - , _ \ , , Several outstanding works on insect genitalia have been done in the past» The reproductive system of the large milkweed bug, One op el- tus faselatus (Dallas); was-described in great detail by Bonhag and Wick (1953)» Both the male and female systems were treated in this excellent worko As was the case with the nervous system, the similarity between the reproductive system of this lygaeid and Acanthoc ephala is Striking. A number of classic works on insect genitalia include those of: Newell , (1918), Cramp ton (1922), Singh-Pruthi (1925), Snodgrass (1933, 1936, 1957), and Michener (1944)o; MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens used in this study were collected on velvet ash trees, Fraxinus velutina Torr. , on the Santa Rita Range Reserve 40 m iles south of Tucson, Arizona. Some of the specimens were immediately frozen; the rest were maintained alive in gallon jars with cheesecloth stretched across the top. Vials with cotton plugs provided a source of water. Several different foods were tried over a period of five months. Small mesquite shoots were Supplied frequently until they became too dry in late October. The diet was then changed to green beans and Summer squash. Finally, only green beans were given to the insects. No attempt was made to correlate type of diet.with rate of survival, although Some specimens were alive after five months under these con­ ditions.
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