1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9405 SENATE H. R. 0039. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to lease any or all of the remaining tribal lands of the Choctaw FRIDAY, May ~3, 1930 and Chickasaw Nations for oil and gas purposes, and for other purposes, The Chaplain, Rev. Z!3.Barney T. Phillips, D. D., offered the following prayer : · CALL OF THE ROLL 1\Ir. FESS. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, may Thy presence go The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. with u into the life of this new day, strengthening us in all our The legislative clerk called the roll, and the following Senators needs, directing us in all our ways. Make us to be kindly a.ffec­ answered to their names : tioned one to another; in honor preferring one another ; not Allen Frazier McKellar · Simmons slothful; fervent in pirit, serving the Lord. Ashurst · George McMaster Smoot Give us that rare atmosphere of mind through which the Baird Goff McNary Steck Barkley Goldsborough Metcalf Steiwer world of nature may be rai ed into our thought, imparting some­ Bingham Gould Norbeck Stephens what of its mystic beauty. Touch Thou our lips, that we may Black Greene Norris Sullivan speak the language of real men, acquired not on the level of Blaine Hale Nye Swanson :Rlease Harris Oddie 'l'homas, Idaho ordinary intercourse but in moments of vivid sensation, when Borah Harrison Overman Thomas, Okla. language is winnowed and ennobled by sentiment, that, with Bratton Hatfield Patterson Townsend thought and speech held capth·e to Thy will, we may use our Brock Hawes Phipps Trammell / Broussard Hayden Pine 'l'ydings varied gifts to the glory of Thy kingdom. Through Jesus Capper Hebert Pittman Vandenberg Christ our Lord. Amen. Caraway Heflin Ransdell Wagner Connally Howell Robinson, Ark. Walc<>tt THE JOURN .AL Copeland Johnson Robinson, Ind. Walsh, Mass. Couzens J<>nes Robsion, Ky. Walsh, Mont. The Chief Clerk vroceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's Cutting Kean Schall Waterman proceedings, when, on request of Mr. FEss and by unanimous Dale Kendlick Sheppard Watson consent, the further reading was dispensed with and the Dill Keyes ShipHtead Wheeler Journal was approved. Fess La Follette Shortridge Mr. TOWNSEND. I desire to announce that my colleague MESSAGE :FROM THE HOUSE the senior Senator from Delaware [Mr. HAsTINGS] is necessarily A me sage from the House of Representatives by Mr. Farrell, detained from the Senate. I ask that this announcement may its enrolling clerk, announced that the House had agreed to the stand for the day. amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6414) authorizing Mr. SHEPPARD. I wi h to announce that the Senator from the Court of Claim of the to hear and determine Florida [Mr. FLETCHER] and the Senator from South Carolina the claim of the city of Park Place, heretofore an independent [Mr. SMITH] are detained from the Senate by illness. municipality but now a part of the city of Hou ton, Tex. The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-three Senators have an­ The me age also announced that the House had passef July 4, 1805, to be held at Great Falls, Mont., July 4, 1930, in County Commissioners of Georgetown County, State of South Carolina, which it reque. ted the concurrence of the Senate. and their successors in office, to construct, maintain, and operate a highway bridge and approaches thereto across the Peedee River and El'\ROLLED BILLS SIGNED a highway bridge and approaches thereto across the Waccamaw River. The message also announced that the Speaker had affixed his at points suitable t<> the interests of navigation, both at or near the signature to the following enrolled biJl ·, and they were signed city of Georgetown, S. C., in accordance with the provisions of the act by the Vice Pre ident : entitled "An act to regulate the construction of bridges over navigable S. 195. An act to facilitate the administmtion of the national waters," approved Murch 23, 1906, and subject to the conditions and llarks by the United States Department of the Interior, and for limitations c<>ntained in this act. other purposes ; SEc. 2. If tolls are charged for the use of such ridges, the rates of S. 320. An act authorizing reconstruction and improvement of toll shall be so adjusted as to provide a fund sufficient to pay the rea· a public road in Wiud River Indian Reseryation, Wyo. ; sonable cost of maintaining, repairing, and operating the bridges and S. 1171. An act to establish and operate a national institute their approaches under economical management, and to provide a sink· of health, to create a ystem of fellowships in said institute, ing fund sufficient to amortize the cost of the bridges and their ap­ and to authorize the Government to accept donations for use in proaches, including reasonable interest and financing cost, in accordance a ·certaining the cause, prevention, and c1ue of disease affecting with the laws of the State of South Carolina applicable thereto, but human beings, and for other purpo 'eS; within a pcliod of not to exceed 25 years from the completion thereof. S. 3746. An act to extend the times for commencing and com­ After a sinkiug fund sufficient for such amortization shall have been pleting the con.·ti·uction of a bridge across the Ohio River at or so provided, such bridges shall thereafter be maintained and operated near 1\Iaysville, Ky.; free of tolls. An accurate record of the costs of the bridges and their S. 3934. An act granting certain lands to the city of Sault Ste. approaches, the expenditures for maintaining, repairing, and opel·ating Marie, State of Michigan ; the same, and of the daily toJls collected, shall be kept and shall be H. R. 26. An act for the acquisition, establishment, and devel­ available for the information of all persons interested. opment of the George Washington Memorial Parkway along the SEC. 3. The right to sell, assign, transfer, and mortgage the rights, Potomac from Mount Vernon and Fort Washington to the Great powers, and privileges conferred by this act is hereby granted to the Falls, and to provide for the acquisition of lands in the Dis­ Board of County Commissioners of Georgetown County, and their suc­ trict of Columuia and the States of Maryland and Virginia cessors in office, for the purposes of and in accordance with the pro­ requisite to the comprehensive park, parkway, · and playground visions of the act of tbe Legislature of the State of South Carolina au­ system of the National Capital; thorizing the construction of the bridges authorized by this act. And H. R. 73!JO. An act to authorize the appointment of an assist­ any corporation to which or any person to whom such rights, powers, ant Commissioner of Education in the Department of the and privileges may be sold, a signed, or transferred, or who shall acquire Interior; the same by mortgage foreclosure or otherwise, is hereby authorized H. R. 7933. An act to provide for an as?istant to the Chief of and empowered to authorize the same as though fully authorized upon Naval Operation ; such corporation or person. H. R. 7962. An act to extend the time for commencing and SEc. 4. During the construction or after the completion of the bridges completing the con truction of a bridge across the Ohio River at authorized by this act the State of South Carolina or the highway de­ Mound City, Ill. ; partment thereof may at any time acquire and take over all right, title, H. R. 9805. An act to extend the times for conuuencing and and interest in such bridges and their approaches, and any interest in ·completing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River real estate necessar·y therefor, by pm·chase or by condemnation, in at Cairo, Ill.; and a ccordance with the laws of tbe State of South Carolina govering the 9406 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE·· !lAY 23 acquisition of private property for public purposes by condemnation the death of Brig. Gen. Casimir Pulaski, Revolutionary War or expropriation. hero, which was refeTred to the Committee on the Library. SEc. 5. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby ex­ INTERSTATE BUS BILL pressly reserved. l\Ir. COUZENS. From the Committee on Inter tate Com­ l\lr. BLEASE. I wish to move to amend the House amend­ merce to which was I'ecommitted the so-called bus bill, being the ment. bill (H. R. 10288) to regulate the transportation of persous in The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from South Carolina interstate and foreign commerce by motor carriers operatiDg on asks unanimous consent to proceed to the consideration of the the public highways, I report the bill back without change be­ bill. Without objection, the bill is before the Senate. cause the committee were unable to reach an agreement. 1\.lr. BLElASE. On page 2, in the last line, I move to strike The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be placed on the out the word "authorize" and insert "exercise." calendar. The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. Mr. BLEASE. On page 3, in the first line, I move to strike INVESTIGATION RELATIVE TO RELATIONS WITH CffiNA out the word "authorized" and insert "conferred." 1\Ir. BORAH, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, to The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. which was referred the resolution (S. Res. 256) authorizing an The amendment, as amended, was agreed to. investigation, examination, and study of existing treatie with China, and political and economic c~mditions that may affect RELIEF OF SOUTH CAROLINA FOR FLOOD DAMAGE our commerce and trade with China, reported it with amend­ The YICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amend­ ments and submitted a report (No. 719) thereon. ment of the House of Representatives to the bill ( S. 3189) for REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEE TO AUDIT AND CONTROL the relief of the State of South Carolina for damage to and Mr. DENEEN, from the Committee to Audit and Control the destruction of roads and bridges by floods in 1U29, which was, Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to which were referred the on page 3, line 4, after the word " act," to insert a colon and the following resolutions, reported them severally without amend­ following proviso: "Provided further, That no portion of this ment: appropriation shall be u ed as reimbursement or contribution, S. Res. 233. Resolution to pay :Magnus Johnson for additional except on highways and bridges now in the Federal-aid highway expenses incurred by him iu prosecuting his claim to a seat in system in South Carolina, or the necessary relocation of such the Senate from the State of l\Iinnesota; roads and bridges." - S. Res. 259. Resolution to pay to Betty Alverna Oden a sum Mr. BLEASE. I move that the Senate concur in the amend­ equal to six months' compensation of the late Benjamin F. ment of the Hou e. Oden; The motion was agreed to. S. Res. 260. Resolution to pay Charles J. Kappler for compil­ PROCEEDI.l.~GS AGAINST THOMA S W. CUN~NGHAM, RECALCITRANT ing, annotating, and indexing the fourth volume of Indian Laws WITNESS (S. DOC. NO. 152) and Treaties; S. Res. 267. Resolution authorizing additional expenditures by The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from the special committee on investigation of post-office building and Leo A. Rover, United States attorney for the District of Colum­ commercial postal station leases; bia, in response to Senate Resolution 262, which was read, or­ S. Res. 268. Resolution authorizing an additional expenditure dered to be printed, and I'eferred to the Committee on the in furtherance of the purpose of S. Res. 20, investigating lobby­ Judiciary, as follows: ing; and OFFICE OF THiil UXITED STATES ATTORNEY, S. Res. 269. Re olution authorizing the Secretary of th~ Sen­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ate to employ a night watchman until the end of the present Washington, D. a., May 21, 1930. Congress. llon. CHARLES CURTIS, l\Ir. DENEEN also, fi·om the Committee to Audit and Control Vi ce p,·esident of the United States, the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to which was refened P1·esident of the Senate, WasMngton, D. a. the resolution ( S. Res. 273) to pay to Susie M. Beavens a sum :MY DEAR :MR. VICE PRESIDENT: I acknowledge receipt of Senate Reso­ equal to six months' compensation of the late Harry E. Beavens, lution No. 2G2, in which it is directed that I report to the Senate by reported it with an amendment. way of answer to four questions set forth in the resolution, all con­ ENROLLED BILLS PRESENTED cerning the reason why one Thomas W. Cunningham, under indictment Mr. GREENE, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported by grand jury in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia for that to-day that committee presented to the President of the refusing to answer certain questions propounded to him by a committee United States the following enrolled bills: of the Senate, bas not been tried. . S. 195. An act to facilitate the administration of the national Pursuant to said resolution, my answers are as follows: parks by the United States Department of the Interior, and for 1 and 2. On June 25, A. D. 1929, the United States attorney for other purposes ; the eastern di trict of Pennsylvania filed a petition for a rehearing, and S. 320. An act authorizing reconstruction and improvement of this petition has never been di posed of by the court. a public road in Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyo. ; 3. I am unable to state definitely why the motion for a r ehearing S. 1171. An act to establish and operate a national institute has not been disposed of, but I am advised by the United States attor­ of health, to create a system of fellowships in said institute, and ney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania that he bas caused inquiries to authorize the Government to accept donations for use in ascer­ to be made of the Circuit Court of Appeals of the Third Circuit on taining the cause, prevention, and cure of disease affecting several occasions concerning the delay in the disposition of the motion human beings, and for other purposes ; and that be is now advised that the matter will probably be disposed of S. 3746. An act to extend the times for commencing and com­ within the next 10 days. pleting the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River at or 4. In view of the answers to the prior questions, it is obvious, of near 1\Iaysville, Ky.; and course, that Cunningham bas not been put upon trial on the indictment S. 3934. An act granting certain lands to the city of Sault Ste. becau e of the prndency of the removal proceedings in the Federal Marie, State of Michigan. courts of Pennsylvania. Very respectfully yours, LEo A. RoVER, REPORT OF POSTAL NOMINATIONS United S tates Atto1·ney. As in open executive session, PETmONS Mr. PHIPPS, from the Committee on Post Offices and Post The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate resolutions Roads, reported sundry post-office nominations, which were adopted by the national affairs committee of the Women's Na­ placed on the Executive Calendar. tioual Republican Club, of , N. Y., favoring the BrriS A ~o JOINT RESOL"C"TION INTRODUCED ratification of the treaty for the limitation and reduction of Bills and a joint resolution were introduced, read the first naval armament signed at London on April 22, 1930, which were time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred referred to the Committee on Foreign Relation . as follows: l\Ir. KEAN presented a petition of ·undry citizens of the State By 1\Ir. TYDINGS: of New Jersey, praying for the passage of the so-called Rankin A bill ( S. 4556) for the relief of the estate· of Alvin C. Laup­ bill, being the bill (H. R. 10381) to amend the 'Vorld Wat vet­ heimer ; to the Committee on Claims. erans' act, 1924, as amended, which was referred to the Com­ By Mr. SHIPSTEAD: mittee on Finance. A bill ( S. 4557) granting a pen ion to Eva M. Fraser (with M1·. SHIPSTElAD presented a resolution adopted by the city accompanying papers) ; and council of International Falls, Minn., favoring the passage of A bill (S. 4558) granting an increase of pen ion to Agne C. legislation dedicating October 11 of each year as General Pu­ DeGroodt (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on laski's memorial day for the observance and commemoration of Pensions. 1930 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE 9407 By Mr. V A..NDEl-."llERG : and free conferenee have agreed to reeommend and do recom­ A bill (S. 4559} granting an increase of pension to Ella Van mend to their respective Houses as follows : Alstine (with accompanying papers); .to the Committee on Pen­ That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 5, 12, sions. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 35, and 38. By Mr. SWANSON: That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend­ A bill (S. 4560) for the relief frf Nels D'Arcy Drake; to the ments of the Senate numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, Committee on Claims. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 40, 41, 42. 44, 45, 46, 47, and - By Mr. GOLDSBOROUGH: 48, and agree to the same. A bill ( S. 4561) for the relief of Sallie S. Twilley; to tbe Amendment numbered 7 : That the House recede from its dis­ Committee on Claims. agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 7, and By Mr. HAWES : agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the A bill ( S. 4562) for the relief of Carrie Stookey and Wilbur matter inserted by said amendment insert " $2,500 each, 30 such Stookey ; to the Committee on Claims. vehicles at $2,000," and on page 22 of the bill, line 22, stlike A bill ( S. 4563) granting a pension to Ottilie B. Hess (with out "40 •• and insert in lieu thereof " 10" ; and the Senate agree accompanying papers} ; to the Committee on Pensions. to the same. By Mr. PINE: Amendment numbered 9 : That the House recede from its dis­ A .bill ( S. 4564) to provide for the appo-intment of one addi­ agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 9, and tional judge of the District Court of the United States for the agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Restore the Western District of Oklahoma; to the Committee on the Judi­ matter stricken out by said amendment, amended to read as ciary. follows : " Including interior facilities, necessary service con­ By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: nections to water, sewer, gas, and electric mains, nnd similar A bill ( S. 4565) granting an increase of pension to Parmelia improvements, all within the authorized limits of cost of such Holman (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on buildings"; and the Senate agree to the same. Pensions. Amendment numbered 10: That the House recede from its dis­ By Mr. COPELAND: agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 10, and A bill (S. 4566) granting a pension to Josepha T. Philip; to agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lines 3 ' the Committee on Pensions. and 4 of the matter inserted by said amendment strike out the By Mr. McCULLOCH: following: "as a heavier as well as a lighter than air field"; A bill ( S. 4567) granting a pension to :Mary E. Wyatt; to the and the Senate agree to the same. Committee on Pen ions. Amendment numbered 11: That the House recede f1·om its dis­ By Mr. WATSON: agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 11, and A bill (S. 4568) granting an increase of pension to Minnie A. agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the Hamm (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pen­ matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: "Pro­ sions. vided further, That the Secretary of War is authorized to enter By Mr. SCHALL: into contracts for the purposes specified in the foregoing acts, A bill ( S. 4569) for the relief of Samuel S. Michaelson ; to to an amount not to exceed $2,773,000, in addition to the appro­ the Committee on Claims. priation herein made, but no contract shall be let or obligation By Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts: incurred that would commit the Government to the payment of A bill (S. 4570) granting a pension to Katherine G. Sexton; a sum exceeding $750,000 for completing all of the Army con­ to the Committee on Pensions. struction project in Porto Rico embraced by the Budget for the By Mr. COPELAND: fiscal year 1931 " ; and the Senate agree to the same. A bill (S. 4571) to amend section 14 of the shipping act, 1916, Amendment numbered 13.: That the House recede from its dis­ as amended; to the Committee on Commerce. agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 13, and By Mr. BINGHAM: agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Restore the A joint resolution {S. J. Res. 183) authorizing the Secretary matter stricken out by said amendment, amended to read as of Agriculture to cooperate with the Territories of the United follows: " : Pro-vided further, That no part of the funds herein State under the provisions of sections 1 and 2 of the act of appropriated shall be available for construction of a permanent Congress entitled "An act to provide for the protection of forest nature of an additional building or an extension or addition to lands, for the reforestation of denuded areas, for the extension an existing building, the cost of which in any case exceeds of national forests, and for other purposes, in order to promote $20,000: Pro'Vided fu?·ther, That the monthly rental rate to be the continuous production of timber on lands chiefly suitable paid out of this appropriation for stabling any animal shall not therefor"; to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. exceed $15 " ; and the Senate agree to the same. HOUSE BILL BEFERRED Amendment numbered 23: That the House recede from its to The bill {H. R. 10480) to a-uthorize the settlement of the disagreement the amendment of the Senate numbered 23, and indebtedne s of the German Reich to the United States on agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lines 4 and account of the awards of the Mixed Claims Commission, United 5 of the matter inserted by said amendment strike out the word States and Germany, and the costs of the United States army " contemplated " and insert in lieu thereof " provided " ; and of occupation, was read twice by its title and referred to the the Senate agree to the same. Committee on Finance. Amendment numbered 37: That the House recede frfrm its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 37, and HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION REFERRED agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the The concurrent resolution {H. Con. Res. 28) authorizing the matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: " Pro­ appointment of a joint committee of Congress to attend the one vided That in the procurement of articles of furniture, equip­ hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of the celebration of ment,' and furnishings, or replicas thereof, required to restore American independence by the Lewis and Clark expedition on the appearance of the interior of the mansion to the condition July 4, 1805, to be held at Great Falls, Mont., July 4, 1930, was of its occupancy prior to the Civil War, obligations may be in­ referred to the Committee on the Library. curred without advertising when in the opinion of the Quarter­ AMENDMENTS TO RIVER AND HARBOR. BilL master General it is advantageous to the Government to dis- Mr. BLEASE and Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas each sub­ -peru;e with advertising" ; and the Senate agree to the same. - mitted an amendment intended to be proposed by them, respec­ The committee of conference have not agreed on amendments tively, to House bill 11781, the rivel' and harbor authorization numbered 39 and 43. bill, which were ordered to lie on the table and to be printed. DAVID A. REED, W.AB DEPARTMENT APPROPR.IATI0:8&-CONFERENCE REPORT w. L. JONES, FR.ANK L. GREF::8E, Mr. JONES. Mr. President, the Senator from Pennsylvania WM. J. HARRIS [l\lr. REED] is unable to be present to-day, and he asked me to JoHN B. KENDRICK, , ·ubmit the report of the committee of conference on House bill Managers on the parrt of the Senate. 7955, the War Department appropriation bill. The VICE PRESIDENT. The report will be read. HENRY E. BA.RBOtJR. The report was read, as follows: FRANK CLAGUE. JOHN TABER, The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the Ross A. CoLLINs. two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. W. C. WRIGHT, 7955) making appropriations for the military and nonmilitary Managers on the pa-rt of the House. activities of the War Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, and for other purposes, having met, after full The report was agreed to. 9408 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE ~lAY ·23

M'NEIL ISLAND PENITENTIARY For 60 years it hilS stood on the promontory of one of the most l\Ir. JONES. Mr. President, some objections have been made picturesque islands in Puget Sound, the American " Devils Island," and from time to time with r eference to the location of the peniten­ has been the house of corre~tion for Federal law violators in the region tiary on McNeil Island, on the Pacific coast. We thought that of the Pacific coast stretching for 3,500 miles from Mexico to Point we have an ideal location there for an institution of this kind. Barrow, Alaska. I bold in my hand an editorial published in the Christian Hardly another Federal institution has had the sheer struggle to sur­ Science Monitor based on the report of one of their representa­ vive as this unusual prison, that for more than 40 years was considered tive. . It is from an unbiased source. I ask that the editorial, the jumping-off place in the Department of Justice, where men were with the report of the special investigating committee, may be sent to be punished, yet had to go to work immediately upon their printed in the RECoRD. arrival to build the very institution they were to occupy! The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. Because of the remotene s from the Atlantic seaboard and the crude The editorial and report are as follows : administration of justice in the pioneering stage of the Not·thwest, Con­ gre s passed an act January 22, 1867, providing for establishment of a [From the Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Thursday, May 1, 1930] prison in the Northwest, mainly to handle violators of Federal law PRISONS- TWO ~ICTURES sent from Alaska, under the jurisdiction of the Department of the " Steel helmets--machine guns-barbed wir~tear-gas bombs ! " No; Interior. this is not a scene from Journey's End or any other picture of lbe In 1871 the Attorney General sent an agent to the Territol'y of western front. Merely a list of stage properties taken from a report Washington, via the Isthmus of Panama to San Francisco and Port­ of the current drama at Ohio State penitentiary. Indeed, it has come land, then by river boat to what is now Kelso, Wash., then stage to to be regarded as an almost typical scene in an American prison. But Olympia, and finally by fiat-bottomed bateau to Fort Steilacoom. the same day's news furnishes a contrasting picture. "Work in the After much speculation a friendly settler by the name of Jay Smith open air, no walls, modern buildings, trusted until proved unworthy ! " offered 27 acres of land on McNeil Island gratis, and later it was ac­ This scene is portrayed by phrases picked at random from a story in cepted for the sum of $100 by the Government. The .first building, still the Christian Science Monitor about McNeil Island, the Federal prison known as No. 1 cell house, was completed in 1871, and for 34 years in Pu..,.et Sound. this building and the 27 acres of land served as McNeil Prison. Filling in these two pictures in greater detail, here are some brusb All records were kept in long hand in a clumsy log book, and it is strokes on the fire trap at Columbus, gleaned from the Handbook of shown that one Abraham Gervais, sentenced to 20 months for sel11ng .American Prisons and Reformatories for 1929 : liquor to the Indians down in Oregon, was duly received as pri oner " The second striking characteristic of this prison is the idleness. No. 1, an incident, by the way, which can not be laid by the wets to the Not only are the shops old but they are overcrowded. Even so, there enactment of the eighteenth amendment. is not enough work for the large population and from 1,200 to 2,000 From the very .first year that McNeil Prison began to function every­ men are on the idle list." body had to work hard. Only food and clothing were supplied to the And in contrast is this from the Monitor's account of conditions at prisoners. Bathing facilities consisted of a barrel sawn in half, with McNeil Island: water heated by hot stones and bricks. Communication between the " From the very inception of the prison all labor of every kind was island and mainland was mainly by rowboat, 1ater augmented by a done by the inmates, and everyone was kept so busy that escapes were smart 30-foot sloop, built by the prisoners, that could "navigate the few, and from the first day of Its existence until now not a single dot distance in about 18 Ininutes in a spanking breeze."· or uprising of any kind hilS been known there." In order to earn money prisoners conceived the scheme of making - Is this not enough to explain why there has been a succession of shingles and selling them, dividing the proceeds to purchase extras not riots at one place while at the other prisoners "often go 100 mile;, supplied by the Government. From the very inception of the prison from the prison after supplies, and frequently without guards, but they all labor of every kind was done by the inmates, and everyone kept so busy always return"? The Ohio picture is not entirely black, and where that escapes were few and !rom the .first day of its existence until now ways have been devi ed to keep the men employed it has been found not a single riot or uprising of any kind has been known there. possible even to let them work under supervision of their fellows; but The key to this successful management did not lie in herding men when, as in so many other prisons, there is enforced and degenerating together like animals but giving each a chance to work in the open air idleness .fires worse than that which destroyed more than 300 men and feel that he would be trusted to whatever extent he proved worthy there last week are bound to smolder. of trust. I s not work the key to the difference between Columbus and McNeil UTMOST FREEDOM PREVAILS Island ? Then why is not this proven remedy generally adopted? Let No walls of any kind surround any of the buildings. VisitoL·s from the Handbook answer: all parts of the world remark on the absence of such oft-repeated ex­ " Ohio has had the same difficulties in developing prison industries pre sions as "prison pallor," etc., and the utmost freedom that pre­ under the State-use system that other States have had. • • The vails among the prisoners. obstacles wWch selfish interests, representing both free labor and McNeil has grown in size from a few prisoners and one lone guard organized manufactures, have been able to put in the way of prison to a population of just under 1,000, the smallest by far ot the Federal industries should be removed." prisons. During all the years between 1870 and 1920 McNeil was neg­ l\IcNeil I sland has another answer: lected, but after in pectlon tours by Members of Congress, penal "At the time this material was gathered only 4 prisoners out of authorities, and welfare workers attention was dt-nwn to the unusual nearly 1,000 were in confinement during the daytime. No escape from record of the prison and the radical methods of handling prisoners, the honor farm bas taken place for more than two years." partly caused by tbe fact that every man had to work to keep things Farming, rather than factory production which competes with plants going, with its attendant freedom and division of labor. outside, seems to be one solution; and it is encouraging to learn that Modern concrete buildings have been built during the past decade, Federal and State penal authorities are working in that direction, with a lar'ge new hospital, dining room, auditorium, power house, ad­ although at a woefully slow pace. ministration building, and farm building . The warden, Finch R. Archer. But surely something can be done even where lack of space make~ one of the >eterans of the Federal prison service, succeeded in getting factory production n ecessary. Unfair competition with outside indus­ the Department of Justice to recognize the possibilities of setting up tries is admittedly harmful. Yet progress has ~en made in finding a model prison for the study of problems of handling and rehabilitating ways to make prison production fair to free labor, and certainly no criminals, with the result that many innovations have been developed State should rest until it has explored every possibility in this direction. out of overcoming the handicaps placed upon its development by a lax In addition to the benefits of keeping prisoners busy and facilitating Cong1·ess who felt that McNeil was too far away to bother about. their reentrance to society as trained workers there is an opportunit.v to let them earn something with wWch to compensate those they !lave FARM HEWED FROM FOREST injured or help their own families. America can have Ohio State .Mr. Archer tartled pri on authorities in 1920 by purchasing 360 penitent1aries or it can have McNeil Islands. Which does it want? acres of hea-'lily wooded land a mile away from the main buildings; then sent out 100 trusted prisoners with four guards to hew a farm out of [From the Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Tuesday, April 29, 1930] the wilderness. As a mark of trust only picked men were sent to the farm to work, 1\ioDEL PnrsoN HouSING 1,000 HAs No WaLL--INMATES AT McNEIL hence the farm became known as the bonor farm, and it is considered ISLAND, WASH., WORK CONTENTEDLY WITH LITTLil GUARD!NG--WAR­ a privilege to be allowed to work het"e. .At first tbe Government re­ DIDN'S RELIA NCE ON ME ·· IS JUSTIFIEJr-u HONOR FARM" HEIWN OUT fused to recognize the farm, so by sorting out blocks of mill wood OF WILDERNESS-BARN AND CAMP BUILT BY PRISONERS from the fuel supply and making use of hewn logs a barn and prison By Charles F . A. Mann camp wet·e built and the nucleus of a stock farm ('Stablished out of the TACOMA, WASH.-Despite recent riots in various .A.meiican prisons, sut"plus allowa nce made for feeding prisoners. the United States can still boast of having one of the world's finest In addition t o the large marine department necessary to haul sup. penal instituUons, McNeil Island, the famous " pl'ison without walls,'' plies from the mainland and to transport pa sengers on regular sched­ the oldest, smallest, and least known of the three Federal prisons. ule, all construction work of every kind is done by prison labor. In 1930 CONGRESSIONAL REOOR.D-SEN.._ ~TE 9409

all branch('s of pr~o n work-ins titutional labor, such as cooking, etc., Memorial Association, organized to perpetuate the personality farming, marine department, and construction-every effort ·is made and ideals of Theodore Roosevelt. In behalf of the president to have only prisouers with good records boss the various gangs oi of the association, Mr. James R. Garfield, and the board of pdson labor. tru tees, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the RECORD Supervision by guards is rare, with order s pa sed down to the ga ng the association's tenth anniversary report, addressed to the foremen in every depa t·tment, which removes the grea test sore· spot of President and the Congress. pt·ison management, the bossing of inmates by guards. There being no objection, the report was ordered to be Each prisoner is allowed to choose his cell mates. Time for study, printed in the RECORD, as follows: r ecreation, religious activities, and even ta lking pictures twice a week REPOUT Olo' THE TRU STEES OF THE ROOSEVELT "MEliORIAL ASS O CIATIO~ is provided. .At the time this material was ga thered only 4 prisoners { l~C.) T O THE PRESIDENT A~D THE Co -GRESS OF THE UNITED STATES out of nearly 1,000 were in confinement dming the daytime. No escape ON THE OCCASION OF THE TENTH .ANNIVNRSARY OF THE INCORPORA­ from the bo.nor farm has taken place for more than two years. Both TION OF THE A.SSOClATIO~, MAY 31, 1930 t he warden and 1\Irs. Archer circulate freely at all times without being To the Pres·ident and the Congress of the United States: accompanied by a bodyguard. On May 31, 1920, a bill incorporating the Roosevelt Memorial Asso­ DISCIPLINE KEPT AT MINI!IIUM ciation, having been passed by the Senate and the House of h.epre­ Every effort is made to keep discipline without force and only guards sentatives, was approved by the President, and became law. It bas with good records are employed. Each prisoner, upon admission, is seemed fitting to the trustees of the association, on the occasion of the i:,riven to understand that _be has reached the last step in a long series tenth anniversary of that event, to present to the President and to the of legal processes and that hatred for the administration, the law, or Congt·ess a brief report of their stewardship during this period. the guards is unnece. sary, and that he "writes his own ticket," and The aims. of the association, as stated in the articles of incorporation, will be b.·usted until be proves unworthy .of trust, and that the guards are as follows : . are solely hired to preserve order and to keep the prisoners on the {1) The er ection of a suitable and adequate monumental memorial in premises--not to ortler them aromid in any way. . the city of Washington to the memory of Theodore Roosevelt; Under this honor system tremendous productiveness of the prison {2) The acquisition, development, and maintenance of a park in labor bas resulted, with costs per prisonet·, per day, being less than at memory of Theodore Roosevelt in the town of Oyster Bay, N. Y., or in any other Federal prison, despite the expense of maintaining a I arg~ that vicinity ; and fleet of ships to o·ansport supplies and passengers to the mainland. {3) The establishment and endowment of an incorporated society to Differences among guards and prisoners and among the prisoners promote the development and application of the policies and ideals of themselves are ironed out by arbitration with pri on officials. All pa~­ Theodore Roosevelt for the benefit of the Americtm people.

senger boats are operated by trusties who often go 100 miles from tlie MEl\IORIAL IN WASHI~ GTON prison after supplie , and frequently without guards, but they always In regard to the first aim, the trustees report that a site for the return, and no escape by boat bas ever been recorded ! national memoriat was tentatively selected by the trustees in 1923 on Church services of several denominations are held each week. More than 20,000 well-bound books are in the prison library, accessible to all. the north-and-south axis of the city, south of the White House, fn a location designated in the MacMillan plan of 1901 for the beautification Current publications of every kinu are permitted, provided they_meas~re of Washington, as a suitable place for a nahonal ·memorial. In 1925 up to bigb standards. Within the last six years tbe official prison paper, the Congress authorized the a sociation to bold a competition to se­ the famous Island Lantern, has been developed from u 4-page booklet _printed on a small hand-powered press, to a monthly magazine of 100 cure a designer of the memorial, with this site in view. As a result of that competition, Mr. John Russell Pope, of N~w York, one of the most , pages, all printed in the large print shop, entirely by prison labor. distinguished of .American architects, was selected. His design, showing LANT ERN WINS RlD~OWN a monumental fountain flanked by colonnades, was submitted to the The Lantern is now recognized as one of the outstanding- prison pub­ Congress, but was neithe1• rejected nor approved. lications, and bas a wide circulation. In 1927 and 1928 it won the Since the Congress has not acted upon the design, the trustees, American- war mothers' cup for doing the mo t of any United States recognizing that serious difficulties ·would be encountered ln any altera­ prison publication fot· rehabilitation, and last year. the graphic arts tion of· the present - his secretaries. · material written about him, and an extensive collection of books relating to the period (1881-1919) of M.r. Roosevelt's public life. It contains, ROOSEVELT MEMORIAL ASSOCIA'i'IO~ (INC.) furthermore, 2.,500 c:1rtoons., 9,000 pictures, and countless clippings, as Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, l\Iay 31 will be the tenth anni­ well as extensive newspaper tiles. Every efl'ort bas been made to obtain versary of the incorporation, by Cotlgress, of the Roosevelt material that is critical of Mr. Roosevelt and _bJs poUcies or adverse to 9410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA'rE MAY 23 them. as well as material in their favor. Only through such im­ stimulation for a people of those emotions and aspirations which make parthtlity can a really useful library be built up and the history of the for love of country and courageous service. Such a memorial will life of l\fr. Roosevelt become of the greatest inspiration to future transcend the personality of Roosevelt as the Lincoln Memorial trans­ generations. cends the personality of Lincoln, becoming a symbol not of a man, a 4. A Roosevelt motion-picture library has been established, the fust career, or a list of achievements but of a point of view, a spiritual blogmphical motion-picture library in the world. Negative and positive challenge." film relating to Mr. Roosevelt's career and photographed on four con­ Respectfully submitted. JAMES R. GARFIELD, President. tinPuh; bas been collected and as cmbled in 10 production.:;, showing, ROOSEVELT )IEMOUIAL ASSOCIA.TIOX (INC.) OFFICERS, 1929-30 among other matters, the funeral of President McKinley, :Ur. Roose· Honorary presitlcnts : Elihu Root and William Boyce Thompson. velt's inauguration, the construction of the Panama Canal, the bullding Honorary nee presidents: Hiram W. Johnson and Frank B. Kellogg. of tile Roosevelt Dam, :Mr. Roosevelt's ~d>entures in Africa and South Presi! Europe, and his public appear­ Vice Presidents : William Loeb and Will H. Hays. ance · in various parts of the United States. These pictures arc shown Treasurer : Albert H. Wiggin. W(.' •kly at Roosevelt House to hundreds of school children. Director and secretary: Hermann Hagedorn. 5. The collected works of Theodore Roo evelt have been pr(.' pared for Assistant secretory: Gisela Westhoff. puiJlication in a limited edition and an inexpensive popular edition and Librarian of Roosevelt Honse: Nora E. Cordingley. published through regular commercial channels. Director of film : Caroline Gentry. 6. Kumerous special publication have been issued, including a collec­ tion of Mr. Roosevelt's war-time editorials, an account o! Mr. Roose­ BOARD OF TRUSTMES velt· life as a ranchman in , and a book of selections from Lawrence F . .Abbott, Henry J. Allen, Joseph W. Alsop, Charles W. his writings for use in schools. An exhaustive bibliography of his works Anderson, Robert L. Bacon, R. Livingston Beec1."'..lan, John F. Berming­ antl a cyclopedia of quotations from his writings are in course o! ham, William M. Chadbourne, William W. Cocks, George B. Cortelyou, prf'paratlon. John S. Cravens, W. J. Crawford, jr., R. J. Cuudihy, Frederick M. 7. For seven years an employee of the association bas been engaged Davenport, F. Trubee Davison, Joseph M. Dixon, T. Coleman du P ont, in sorting, arranging, and calendaring the Roosevelt correspondence in A. W. Ericl~:son, John H. Finley. James R. Garfield, Hamlin Garland, the Library of Congress for the benefit of future historians. Mrs. Frank A. Gibson, Davitl M. Goodrich, Janres P. Goodrich, Mrs. 8. The trustees have established Roosevelt awards for distinguished John C. Greenway, Lloyd C. Griscom, Hermann Hagedorn, Albert publ1c service and annually present three gold medals for service in Bushnell Hart, Will H. Hays, David Hinshaw: Elon H. Hooker, Charles fields a sociated especially with Ir. Roosevelt's career. These fields E. Ilughes, Hiram W. Johnson, Otto H. Kahn, Frank B. Kellogg, Paul are: Administration Of public office; development of public and inter­ H. King, Frank Knox, Mrs. C. Grant La Farge, Alexander Lambe1·t, national law; promotion of indu trial peace; conservation of natural Henry D. Lindsley, William Loeb, Clarence H. Mackay, Mrs. Medill re ources; promotion of social justice; the study of natural history ; McCormick, Frank R. McCoy, Dwight W. Morrow, Guy 1\Iut·chie, Truman promotion of outdoor life; promotion of the national defense; the field H. Newberry, Acosta Nichols, Arthur W. Page, John M. Parker, Gifford ot American literature; the field of international affairs; the e::~..-preasion Pinchot, Harold T. Pul ifer, Mrs. Whitelaw Reid, Raymond Robins, of the pioneer virtues; the leadership of youth and the development of Elihu Root, Julius Rosenwald, Mortimer L. Schiff, Albert Shaw, William American character. S. Sims, Herbert K11ox Smith, Philip B. Stewart, Ilenry L. Stimson, The medals have been nwardeu to Louisa Lee Schuyler, Henry Fair­ Henry L. Stoddard, Roger W. Straus, Julian Street, Mark Sullivan, field Osborn, Leonat·d Wood, Elihu Root, Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Boyce Thompson, E. A. Van Valkenburg, William Allen White, Cbat·les W. Eliot, Gifford rincbot, George Bird Grinnell, Martha Berry, Albert H. Wiggin, Horace Wilkinson, Owen Wister, and William William S. Sims; Albert J. Beveridge, Daniel Carter Beard, John J. Wrigley, jr. Per bing, llerbert Iloover, John Bassett Moore, Charles Evans Hughes, FLATHEAD POWF...B SITE Frank l\I. Chapman, Charle A. Lindbergh, Owen D. Young, Owen l\11·. SCHALL. l\le. Pre ident, I ask unanimous consent to Wister, Herbert Putnam. have printed in the RECORD a statement regarclinfJ' the l\Iontana THE Ft:XD Flathead power controversy, by l\lr. Walter H. Wheeler, of In October, 1919, the sum of S1, 733,696.97 was raised by popular sub­ l\Iinneapolis, Minn., and also a statement regarding the same scription for the purpo es of the as ociation. At the end of the fi cal matter issued by Mr. John Collier, the head of the Indian year, September 30, 1929, the sum of $1,182,674.84 remained in the Defense As. ociation. treasury of the a sociation. The net worth of the as ociation·s a ets 'l'here being no objection, the matter ·was ordered to be on this date was $2,666,762.36, con isting of the following: printed in the RECor:D, as follows: Suh~riptlons and donations------$~839,51 3.35 STATEMENT TO THE raESS Gift · of books, photograph , and mu eum article , appraised at------308,153.68 The grant o! the license to develop site No. 1 o! the five power sites ~cess of earnings over expenses ______248,082.33 on the Flathead River in the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana Motion pictures, appraised value (appraisal lJy repre­ cloes not close the matter. I have the right to appeal for a review of tatives o! Kinogram, Paramount, and Path~>------269,413.00 rar value of securities received as donations ______1, 100.00 this decision by the Federal rower Commission, and propose to do o \alue placed on copyrights------=---- 500.00 promptly. This review would be by the Cabinet members of the Federal rower Commission, if granted. If the appeal is denied, or my applica­ 2,666,762. 36 tion rejected on review, I then have recour ·e to the courts. It is my The trustees recognized that the mo t significant and far-reaching intention to catTY the matter through to its ultimate conclusion. part of the work entrusted to them in the charter granted by the Granting a licen e on site No. 1 ties up sites Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5 to Con"re s 10 years ago, yet remains to be achieved. In discussing the the Rocky Mountain Power Co., as no other interest can alford to de­ national memorial to Mr. Roo evelt in Washington, a recent report of velop these other sites with the Rocky Mountain rower Co. in control the a socia tion speaks as follows : of the torage in Flathead Lake, which means control of the flow of the "A monument in any community is a fact of significance in the life river. The Rocky Mountain Power Co. officials declared at the bearing of that community, a deadening or a stimulating influence. In the held last fall that they never expected to develop the other four sites. Nation's Capital it is a fact of national moment. Much has been made They also declared that they would use only 68,000 hor·sepower from of the distinction between utilitarian and nonutilitarian memorials. site No. 1, although this site is capable of producing 105,000 horse­ Actually all memorials that are worth !Juilding are utilitarian; statues, power under our plan of development. The other four sites would de­ column , temples, hospitals, schools. It Is merely a question of degree velop 109,000 horsepower additional. Thu the Government by this and scope. The hospital serves the body, the school the brain, the monu­ action is tying up 214,000 hor epower with a 68,000-hor epower develop­ ment that is u work of art heal and educates the spirit. The largest ment, leaving two-thirds ot the capacity of the power ites unosecl and hospital, the largest school serve, moreover, a few thousands, but a unusable by anyone but the Rocky Mountain Power Co., or it parent great memorial in Washington stimulates and uplifts mi1lions. Men companies, the Montana rower Co., American rower & Light Co., aud come to the Lincoln Memorial to stare and ay that they have seen it, Electric Bond & Share Co. The Montana rower Co. already owns and nre tirred, given a thrill, made to feel thlt service and sacrifice 200,000 horsepower undeveloped in other power sites. The Indian after all are worth more than money and ease. Aspiration are owner· of the power sites are thus placed at the mercy of the Rocky wakened. In a different way the Washington Monument exercises a Mountain Power Co., as no rental is established for the use of the other· ~imilar effect. Men and women and children come from far and go four sites. hom<', carrying into their communitie a memory of a moment when Under the term of the license the Indian ' are to receiYe an aver­ they were lifted above their drab commonplaces and faced a ralliance. age of 140,000 pet· annum rental for the first 20 years of the lease It i ' no exaggeration to say that the Lincoln Memorial and the Wash­ ns compared with ~40,000 to $350,000 per annum fr·om my ington Monument are two of the most useful in tituHons in the United de>elopment. State . By dealing with the dummy corpot·atlon known as the Rocky Moun­ "The trustees haYe pledged them elve to create a third such insti­ tain Power Co. instead of with the Montana Power Co., the Govern­ tution which shall for the centuries to come focus the light that was ment has left the public wholly unprotected. The Government can '.fheodore Roosevelt; not a gravestone for a friend, but a center of control the capitalization of the Rocky Mountain rower Co., which 1 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 94lf' to sell all of the power to the Montana Power Co. The Government - Secretary Wilbur and that these officials acted primarily in the can control the rates which the Rocky Mountain Power Co. charges capacity of trustees for the Indians, seeking the best bargain for their the Montana Power Co. At that point the control of the Government wards. Thus the old fiction of a warfare between Indian and general ceases. The Montana Power Co. can capitalize itH contrac.t with the public interest is again set up.

Rocky Mountain Power Co. at $10,000,000 or $15,000,000 and charge THE A.LmT OF I~IAN ADVAl\'TAGE the consumers of Montana interest and profit on that capitalization. The public interest has been overwhelmingly sacrificed. And a.s an The Montana Power Co. already canies 52% per cent of its total cap­ alibi, the officials plead that they have struck a good bargain for the italization on its books as "Water rights, franchise , and contracts," Indians. and charges the people of Montana interest and profits on that amount They add a statement not ironical but false to justify their acceptance of water in its capitalization. Tbere is no reason to expect that they of a rental of $140,000 a year for the Indians when the rejected will do differently with their contr!).ct for the purchase of power from applicant was offering $240,000 a year and upward. They state: "The the Rocky Mountain Power Co. accepted plan gives a sure rental to the Indian rather than involving The Montana Power Co. now sells power to the Anaconda Copper him in a speculative enterp1·ise such as the bringing in of new industries Co., its sister corporation, for le s than the cost of production and in an area distant from normal markets." makes up the loss of interest and profit on its contracts with this Record hearings and Senate debates have established that Wheeler, corporation by charging th~ people of Montana a higher rate for their the rejected applicant, on receiving his permit either would demonstrate power and light than would otherwise be necessary. Thus the people his market by presenting signed-up contracts for the· power, or would of Montana subsidize the Anaconda Copper Co. and with theil· help surrender his permit. This permit the officials have refused to grant block competing industries from entering the State of Montana. By ac­ him. They, and they alone, have created the -element of speculative quiring the conh·ol of the Flathead sites the Montana Power Co. makes risk which they now claim they are protecting the Indians against. Hs power monopoly secure and makes the industrial monopoly of the A license, if granted to Wheeler on the basis of his showing under Anaconda Copper Co. also secure, and the industrial development of a preliminary permit, would have been neither more nor less speculative the State is stlfied. than the license granted to the Montana Power Co. The district in which the power sites are located will derive only temporary benefit from the Rocky Mountain Power Co. development, THE GREATER I:SJURY TO THE I~DI.A.i'\S as after the construction period is passed four or five men will operate The injury to the Flathead Tribe is greater than appears on the the power plant. surface of the deal. The surface injury is a locking up fOL' 50 years The power generated at Flathead is to be transported 140 miles to of 70 per cent of the tribe's power assets, and the virtual confiscation Anaconda, Mont., and there tu~ned into the general system of the of rental values of $100,000 a year upward. Montana Powet• Co. There is a larger injury. The Montana Power Co. will develop no The following tabulation show· clearly the comparison between the industries at or near the Flathead Reservation. It will transport to benefits accruing from this development by the Rocky Mountain Power Anaconda, 140 miles away, such power as it does generate. The Flat­ Co. and the development which would take place under my plan. By bead Tribe, with their farming life crushed under the gigantic failure tbls lease to the Rocky Mountain Power Co. the Government is depriv­ of the Indian Bureau's reclamation project on this reservation, and ing the Nor1bwest and the ninth Federal reserve district of the possi­ bw·ied under a debt of millions created by this project, are in desperate bility of e>er having a great electrochemical and metallurgical develop­ need of employment. They are in desperate need of enhanced realty ment of industries producing fertilizers, metals, and chemicals such values to ofl'set the destructive lien on their lands created by the as there is a.t Niagara Falls. There is no other situation where the irrigation failure, which lien the Indian Bureau has now started in to combination of raw materials and cheap power make such a develop­ m'ake still greater. ment fea ible in the district. The rejected applicant based his undertaking on a development of The executive secretary of the American Indian rkfense Association, industry-diversified industries-at the power site, which means close to John Collier, deelared May 20 that this lease proposed by the Govern­ the homes of the Indians and on land tfiey own. It is a commentary ment is equally bad from the standpoint of the Indians and th_e publiC", on the divorce between words and deeds on the part of the present Indian administration, that Secretary Wilbur and Commissioner Rhoads and i severely condemned. preach the need of jobs for Indians and destroy, in behalf of a Flathead River pou;er project, Montana monopoly which is throttling the industrial life of Montana, thi. (Comparison of proposal of Walter H. Wheeler with proposal of Rocky unexampl d opportunity of the Flathead Tribe to become pl'osperou Mountain Power Co.) and self-supporting through entering into industry. COR.RUPTfNG A-."'D DESTROYlNG THE 'TRIBAL LIFE TO ACCOMPLISH TIDS DEAL Rocky Mountain Wheeler's water power develop­ In the process of forcing through the deal which is now completed, Item power-industrial ment controlled the Montana Power Co. and the Indian Bureau have gone to fantastic development by Electric Bond extremes in the attempt to break down the Flathead tribal organiza­ & Share Co. tion, to place in power Indians paid with Montana Power Co. money, and to mislead Congress and the counh·y as to the stand which the tribe s ______L Number of power sites to be developed ____ _ bas taken and maintained and still maintains. The Flathead Tribe Average horsepower to be generated per 214,000_------68,000. annum. overwhelmingly and officially have protested against the deal with the Total investment in power plants ______$18,000,000______$7,500,000. Montana Power Co. and they continue to protest. Total investment in cbemjcal, metallurg­ $30,000,000 - $50,- Nothing. The statement of the Interior Deparhnent contains ironies or mis­ ical, industrial, and fertilizer plants. 000,000. Probable number of men to be perma­ 1,000 in power 4 to 10 to run power representations with respect to the public interest, as naked as the nently employed. plant and in- plant only. ironies and misrepresentations with respect to the Indian interest. dustries. Probable annual revenue to be paid Indians. $240,000 ______$140,000 (average). THE INTERIOR DEPART~IE~T OFFICIALS THEN AND THE I::STERIOR DEPART• i\IE~T OFFICIALS NOW

THE FLATHEAD LICEXSE OUTRAGE A~D THE INTERIOR DEPART::\IE~T'S Who established that the Montana Power Co., from its existing IROXICAL DEFENSE power sites, is making profits in excess of the legally allowed return in the amount of about $2,000,000 a year, in spite of its cut rate COXGRESS YET HAS TOIE TO INTERVENE sales to the Anaconda Copper Co. wblch the general consuming public The anticipated blow by the Intet·ior Department and Federal Power is required to make up, while the Montana Public Service Commission Commission against the Flathead Indian Tribe and against the does nothing to force down the exorbitant rates? foundation of Indian property ri hts throughout the country bas been Assistant Commissioner J. Henry Scattergood established these facts c1elivered. Indian and public interest have together been yielded up fuougb cross-examining, under oath, the witnesses of the Federal to the demands of the Electric Bond & Snare Co. and its subsidiaries Powell' Commis~ion and of the Montana Power Co. This be did lust and the affiliated Anaconda Copper Co. November. The Flathead Tribe's continued struggle, and the action of some Yet the Interior Department now announces that the final deal, Members of the Senate, have e,"\.'i:orted a small gain for the Indians, negotiated by Mr. Scattergood among others, •• makes it pos ible for though none for the public. Seven weeks ago the Secretary of the the general public in Montana to benefit in the rate reductions that Interior proposed to hand over the Flathead power site to the Mon­ are possible by the Flathead development." tana Power Co. for $104,000 a year. This rental, through the contest Where was it established that the Rocky Mountain Power Co. is a waged, bas been pu bed up to 140,000 a year, which is $100,000 a dummy, owned by the Montn:na Power Co., and bound by agreement year below the basic rental ofl'ered by the competing applicant, to sell only to the Montana Power Co. at a rate to be fixed by the Walter II. Wheeler, and . 2.00,000 - below bis maximum when full president of t he Montana Power Co.? development had been achie-ved. These facts were establi bed at the record bearings of the Fetleral The Interior Department has issued a press release dated May 19', Power Commission last November-, and reiterated before the Senate containing statements cruelly ironical with respect to the IndillllS' Indian Investigation Committee, and arc accepted and undisputed. part in this deaL This deparhnental aruwuncement conveys that the Yet the Interior Department announces that the Federal Power Com­ negotiations were handled by Assistant Commissioner Scattergood and mission will control the capitalization of the Rocky Mountain Power 9412 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE ~fAY 23 Co. and thus make possible "complete re"'ulation by the State com­ (2) It places an increased burden on the consuming public which is mission in the interests of the consuming public." entirely unwarranted and which does not have any offsetting advantage Who established that the Montana Power Co. already bas capitalized to agriculture. its contracts, etc., other than tangible assets, in an amount greater (3) A special session was called for agricultural relief. This was than the total of its tangible values, which means a more than 100 to have been the main purpose of the session. Agriculture bas not been per cent watering of stock? This fact was established by witnesses given justice and we refuse responsibility for an increased cost of living-. befOre the Federal Power Commission under the cross-examination by We sincerely appreciate the efforts of those who have consistently Mr. Scattergood and other officials and in the presence of Secretary supported the rates requested by united agriculture and take this oppot·­ Wilbur. tunity of thanking all who have supported these rates. IIow can Secretary Wilbur and Commissioner Scattergood have dared In view of the fact that this bill does not in our opinion correct tho to make the above-quoted announcement, in view of the record estab­ gross inequalities which now exist between agriculture and industry lished before them and under their direct oversight-the record which but will .bave the effect of penalizing the consuming public, including shows that again and again the Montana Power Co. bas capitalized the farmer, it is our belief that this country would be best served if the its contracts made with its subsidiaries and dummies, under condi­ tariff bill in its present form is defeated. tions identical with those created by the present deal? LAND O'LAKES CREAMERIES (INC.), The Interior Department officials know as well as any person knows By JOHN BRANDT, President. that the only effect of licensing the dummy insteau of the owner is to CENTRAL COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION, permit the owner to conceal the giant excess profits to be derived from By J. S. MONTGOMERY, General Manager. the Flathead site. Yet they announce this transaction with t.be dummy TWIN CITY l\IILK PRODUCERS' ASSOCIATION, as a victory for the public. By W. S. MoscniP, _Preside1lt. How can the Interior Department dare to give a public statement, l\IIN~ESOTA FARM BUREAU, dangling these hints known to be fictitious, of possible rate reductions By A. J. OLSON, Pt·esident. through the deal now consummated, at the moment when they are kill­ PACKERS' CONSENT DECREE ing competition and denying to the consumers of Montana a flat whole­ sale rate of $15 · per horsepower year, offered by applicant Wheeler, Mr. BLACK. Mr. President, I send to the desk a resolution while knowing from their own records that industrial consumers other which I offer in lieu of the resolution to which I referred yes­ than the Anaconda are being charged $36 a year wholesale by the Mon­ terday with reference to the packers' consent decree, and ask tana Power Co. at the switchboard and domestic consumers $GO per that it be read. horsepower-year at the switchboard? Mr. 1\IcNARY. 1\Ir. President, may I inquire of the Senator Have these officials no di. position even to pretend to have regaru for if the revi ion of the resolution is as discussed yesterday? public intelligence or for the disclosures of their own record hearings? 1\Ir. BLACK. It is. It is still not too late for Congress to intervene to prevent this injury The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will read the resolution. whose damage to t.be Indians and to the public of a vast area of the The Chief Clerk read the resolution (S. Res. 275), as follows : Northwest -will, unless the license can be inhibited, be projected across Whereas Armour & Co. and Swift & Co. are making efforts to de­ the 50 years to come. stroy the packers' consent decree of 1920, which on two er been fully complied with. Extensions of time within which to I was also informed by the attorney for the wholesale grocers complete such compliance were granted by the court from time to time, that they have been advised by the Attorney General's depart­ until May 1, 1925, on which date the operation of the decree was en­ ment that no effort will be made to enforce the consent decree tirely suspended by court order, pending the determination of the rights so long as the petition for modification is pending. Both o! of the California Cooperative Canneries, who had been permitted to those two questions are vital. The petition for modification Intervene over the Government's objection for the purpoBe of having the could remain pending for four or five years, and, if the informa­ decree vacated. The decisions of the Supreme Court above referred to, tion as given to me on yesterday is correct, during that entire and the mandate thereon, entered in the lower court July 24, 1929; period of time there would be no effort made to enforce this terminated the suspension, and restored the consent decree to operative decree which was entered into by consent at a time when the effect. This restoration, however, found certain of the packer defend­ Senator from Oregon [Mr. McNARY] said to General Palmer ants with large holdings of stockyard stock, and so-called "unrelated in the hearings : commodities " on hand. accumulated or held over during the period of General Palmer, I think you ha-ve brought very great good to the uspension during which the terms o.f the decree were wholly inopera­ American people by this decree. tive. Although now obligated to dispose of those holdings as rapidly as possible, it has been necessary to extend the time within which to com­ This decree will be absolutely worthless unless it shall be plete uch disposition, in order to afford the defendants reasonable op­ enforced, and the information which comes to me is that the portunity to do so in accord~ce with the terms of the decree. .o\.ttorney General or his department states that there will be Shortly after the entry of the final decree in the canneries suit and no effort made to enforce it while the petition for modification in August, 19.29, the Swift and Armour g1·oups of defendants filed peti­ is pending. I do not know whether that statement may be tions, asking for modification of the original consent decree by the based on a misunderstanding or a misinterpretation of what removal of all of its important injunctive provisions, claiming that such was said, but the resolution introduced by me simply calls fo:r modification ts now warranted by changes in conditions arising since information along those lines. Its entry. What I am interested in is to know whether or not tbe The department has since been engaged in an investigation of the Attorney General's depart~t is going to wage active and facts pertinent to the determination of these petitions, and on January aggressive warfare against a modification of the consent decree. 17 filed its answer to each of them, copy of which answer is tl:ansmitted As stated, I was informed on yesterday that, although the bear­ herewith. The purpose of thi answer is to require them to establish ing was set for to-day, if the justice presiding in the case their case in all particulars. The department will also o1'fer evidence ot should be able to be present, the attorneys for the grocers' as­ such facts as may appear pertinent to the issues presented. The sociation have been notified that the Attorney General's depart· department's further action must in some measure depend on develoP­ ment would not participate in the bearing. ments as the case is fully prE>.sented to the court. Now, just for a moment let me reply to the statement made Becan e of the extensions of time granted by the court the defendants by the Senator from Wyoming. It may be true, as be says, have not as yet been guilty of disobedience to the terms of the decree. that all the p1·oducers about whom he bas heard are favorable At the present time the time of the defendants to comply with the to a modification of the decree, but what I am interested in is decree is being temporarily suspended by court order pending the the fact that there are millions and millions of consumers determination by the court of the question of whether the decree should throughout the country who are interested in seeing that the be modified. It is the desire of the department that the hearings upon huge packing establishments do not secure the monopoly which the que tion of modi.fl.cation shall proceed as speedily as possible, and they anticipate they will obtain of the food products of the the petitioners have been notified to this effect. Nation. We do not want the price of steak in Alabama to be Trusting that the above statement will satisfy in advance the sub­ fixed on telegraphic orders from Chicago or New York. stantial object of the proposed resolution, and that I may be· advised Mr. KENDRICK. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? it I can serve the committee's pleasure further, I am Tbe VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Alabama Respectfully yours, yield to the Senator from Wyoming? WILLIA.M D. MITCHJILL, Mr. BLACK. I yield to the Senator from Wyoming. Attorney General. Mr. KENDRICK. I want to say to the Senator, Mr. Presi­ Mr. BLACK. Mr. President-- dent, that the producers of livestock are just as vitally inter­ 1\Ir. McNARY. Mr. President, may I ask a question of the ested in preventing any kind of a monopoly as are the con­ Senator from Alabama? ~mmers of the products of the packers·; but the producers of The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Alabama livestock in the West believ~and believe intensely-that any­ yield to the Senator from Oregon? thing which interferes with the free distribution of their prod­ Mr. BLACK. I yield. ucts affects the price; that it not only results in decreasing the Mr. ~ic..~ARY. Does the letter which has been read from the price paid to the producer of the livestock but affects the price ue·k, addressed to the chairman of the committee, satisfy the to the consumer by inereasing it. Senator from Alabama and answer the points involved in his I wish to say further to the Senator that I have no objection 1 resolution? whatsoever to his resolution, but I think I would be doing less · Mr. BLACK. It does not, for reasons which I can state, if t}lan my duty if I permitted the impression to go abroad that the Senator desires to bear them. tbe producers of livestock, at least, are against a modification 9414 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE ~lAY 23 of the consent decree, because my information-and it is 1·ather they have just as good a right to sell canned goods with their exten ive and reliable-is quite to the contrary. meat food products as the chain-store men have to sell meat l\fr. BLACK. 1\Ir. President, replying to the statement of food products along with t:Qeir canned goods ; and those who the Senatol' from Wyoming, it may be true--and I do not con­ produce this livestock which i being distributed in ist that cede it to be true, although I concede that, so far as the Sena­ anything that interferes with its free movement to the market tor bas been able to determine, it is correct-it may be true interfe:res with the price to the producer and also to the con­ that all the producers believe that a modification of the con­ sumer. sent decree would be for their benefit, but I do not think so. I Mr. BLACK. Mr. President, I do not care to trespass on the believe that this decree is protecting us to-day, or would pro-­ time or sufferance of the St::oate longer in connection with this tect us if it were enforced, against the rapid concentration of matter, except that I want to make clear to the Senator from power and monopoly in the hands of the packers. Oregon [M'r. MoN.AR.Y] my reason. I shall be glad to reply to Mr. COPELAl'D. Mr. Pre i

Prot:iaed3 That in the eva1t title to any privately owned land is ·ac­ KURT FALB quired by purchase, the land so purchased hall become part of the Papago Indian Reservation: Atul provided further, That the State The bill (H. R. 1837) for the relief of Kurt Falb was consid­ of Arizona may relinquish such tracts within the townships referred ered, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and pas ed, to in section 1 of this Act as 1t may see fit, in favor of the Papago as follows: Indians, and shall have the right to select other unreserved and non­ Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretar·y of the Treasury be, and he is mineral public lands within the State of Arizona equal in area to hereby, authorized and directed to pay to Kurt Falb, of the city of that relinquished, said 1ieu selections to be made in the same manner Chicago, State of Illinois, the sum of $1,500, out of any money in the as is provided for in the enabling act of June 20, 1910 (36 Stat. Trea ury not otherwise appropriated, as compensation for and in full L. u57). satisfaction of all claims for damages against the United States for So as to make the bill read : injuries sustained on March 9, 1926, by being truck by a United States mail truck while attempting to cross the street in said city of Chicago. Be it enacted etc., That all vacant, unreserved, and undisposed of public lands within townships 11, 12, and 13 south, range 1 east ; DON A. SPENCER townsbips 11 and 12 south. range 2 east; township 11 south, range The bill (H. R · 2f304) for the relief of Don A. Spencer was 3 east; township 11 south, range 4 east; townships 11 and 12 south, considered, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and range 5 ea t ; townsbips 12 and 13 south, range 1 west; townships passed, as follows : 12, 13, and 14 south, range 2 west; townships 13 and 14 south, Be it etuu:ted, etc.., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is range 3 west; and townships 14 south, range 4 west; townships 12, hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treas­ 13, 14, 15, and 16 south, range 7 east; townships 14, 15, and 16 ury not otherwise appropriated, and in full settlement against the Gov­ south, range 6 east; and townships 14 and 15 south, range 8 east, ernment, the sum of $2,500 to Don A. Spencer, a prohibition agent _in of the Gila and Salt River meridian, in Arizona, be, and they are, the employment of the Government, in compensation for the los of a exclusive of a tribal right to the minerals therein, hereby reserved hand on June 8, 1928, in the performance of his duty as such prohlbition for the use and occupancy of the Papago Indians as an addition to agent. tlie Papago Indian Reservation, Ariz., whenever all privately owned lands within said addition have been purchased and acquired as here­ UNSOLICITED MERCHANDISE IN THE MAILS inafter authorized: Pro L·ided, That all valid rights and claims which The bill (S. 4235) to prohibit the sending of unsolicited mer­ · have attached to the lands prior to approval hereof shall not be chandise through the mails was read, as follows : affected by this act: And pt'O v ided further, That all such lands shall Be it enacted; etc., That hereafter unsolicited merchandise which any be subject to disposition under the mining laws as provided in the person desires to send for the purpose of sale to the addressee shall Executive order of F ebruary 1, 1917, creating the Papago Indian not be accepted for mailing. The term " person," when used in this Reservation. act, means an individual, partnership, corporation, or association. SEC. 2. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, etc. SEC. 2. It such un olicited merchandise is deposited in the mails, it The amendments were agreed to. shall not be delivered to the addressee, but, under such r egulations as The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the Postmaster General may prescribe, shall be returned to the sender the third time, and passed. charged with postage due at double the regular rates to be collected from him upon deli>ery. On failure of the sender to pay such return ROLLA. DUNCAN postage the matter shall be disposed of as other dead matter. The bill (H. R. 567) for the relief of Rolla Duncan was con­ 1\Ir. DILL. Mr. Pre ·ident, the bill proposes to preT"ent the sidered, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and sending of unsolicited merchandise with reque t for payment or pas ed, as follows : the return of the merchandise. I would like to know from tbe Be it enacted, etc., That the Comptroller General is authorized and Senator from Colorado [Mr. PHIPPS] how the Post Office De­ dir~ted to credit the account of Rolla Duncan, former United States partment is to know that it is unsolicited merchandise. marshal for the district of Montana, in the sum of $195.00, which Mr. PHIPPS. Mr. President, the department knows that by amount was paid by said Rolla Duncan as United States marshal to the statement of the addressee. When-the po tmaster attempts the county of Yellowstone, Mont., for the care and maintenance of to deliver the mail to the party to whom it was addre ed and Federal prisoners. that party says, "I did not order that, and I do not care for it," then it is left on the hands of the Post Office Department to .ALBERT E. EI>W ARDS arrange the proper disposal of it. We think a proper charge The bill (H. n. 649) for the relief of Albert E. Edwards was should be made for the extra service of returning it to tbe considered, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and shipper. pa. ed, as follows: Mr. DILL. I am heartily in favor of that plan. I am rais­ ing the question why the committee does not make it unlawful Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is to send unsolicited merchandise through the mail. It is a curse hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treas­ and a nuisance to be continually receiving unsolicited. mer­ ury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $3,251.95 to Albe-rt E . chandise through the mail and to be asked to return it or end Edwards for compen ation for merchandise nsed by natives in the the money for it. It seems to me it ought to be made unlawful Knsilvak region of the second division, Territory of Alaska, during the to do it. I hope the committee will do that. influenza epidemic in 1918. Mr. PIDPPS. That point was raised before the committee, EVA BRODERICK but it was thought that the provisions of the bill would have the effect of very considerably reducing the sending of un­ The bill (H. R. 666) authorizing the Secretary of the Treas­ solicited articles through the mails. We would like to try it ury to pay to Eva Broderick for the hire of an automobile by out and if we find in the course of a little experience that it agents of Indian Service was considered, ordered to a third does not answer the purpose we will take further tep . reading, read the third time, and passed, as follows : Mr. DILL.. I have no objection to the bill, except that I do Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is not think it goes as far as it should. I think it reprehen. ible hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treas­ that great firms and organization in business honld send mer­ ury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $91 to Eva Broderick, in chandise to people in this way and make it embarra ing for full and final settlement for the use of her automobile, at the rate of them. They must either send the money for it or go to ilie 7 cents a mile for 1,300 miles, by the doctor at Mission Agency in trouble of rea28 l45 U. S. Stats. L. 59), be, and the same the act o1' March 1, 1911 (U. S. C., title 16, sees. Q13 to 521), as is hereby, further amended by adding .at the end of section 2 thereof the amended by the acts of March 4, 1913 (U. S. C., title 16, sec. 518), following: June 30, 1914 (U. S. C., title 16, sec. 500), and June 7, 1924 (U. S. C., "PrO'Vided, That until the Secretary of Agriculture shall have made title 16, sec. 570), not to exc~ed $3,000,000 for the fiscal year begin­ regulations and taken measures to prevent the introduction or dissemi­ ning July 1, 1931, and not to exceed $3,000,000 for the fiscal year nation of the contagion of a contagious, infectious, or communicable beginning July 1, 193:!. disease of livestock, including live poultry, from one State or Territory IRENE STRAUSS or the Distdct of Columbia to another, nothing in said act shall pre­ vent or shall be construed to prevent any State, Territory, or District The bill (S. 1918) for the relief of Irene Strauss was consid­ from enacting, promulgating, and enforcing any quarantine, prohibiting ered. The bill ha

ascertaining of the extent to which provision now exists -for furnishing The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third read in a- read optimum treatment for cancer for all suffer·ers, together with an esti­ the third time,· and passed. · · ''" mate of what would be needed to make this adequate; and the cost On motion of l\Ir. HARRIS, the. title was amended so as to thereof, and (6) the collection of any other pertinent data to enable read: the Congress to act advisedly in this matter. A bill authorizing a survey by the Surgeon General of the United SEc. 2. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of States Public Health Service in connection with the control of cancer. $100,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, for carrying out the provisions of this act. BURDENS AND PROFITS OF WAR l\!r. JONES. Mr. President, I should like a brief statement 1\Ir. 1\IcN.ARY. Mr. President, I understand that completes as to the purpose of the bill. I have not had an opportunity the calendar. to examine it thoroughly. l\1r. COUZENS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, a subcommittee of five from Mr. 1\IcN.ARY. I am glad to yield to the Senator from Michigan. the Comm~ttee on Comme:rce, of which the Senator is a member, held hearmgs, at which the most distinguished men in cancer Mr. COUZENS. 1\Ir. President, a while ago there was passed research work in the United States appeared and made sug­ over a~ my suggestion Order of Business 717, being the joint gestions as to what should be done in order to help control can­ resolutiOn (H. J. Res. 251) to promote peace and to equalize cer. They recommended this bill. They think by the Govern­ the burdens and to minimize the profits of war. I made the ment providing for a survey in o:rder to ascertain what is being sugges~ion for the reason that there was no report in my folder done in the United States and other countries, and what in regardmg the joint resolution. Since then I have read it; and addition· may be done, material assistance can be rendered in have no objection to its being considered. this most important work. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present Mr. JONES. How much of an appropriation does the bill consideration of the joint resolution? Mr. DILL. I ask that it go over. authorize! The VICE PRESIDENT. The joint resolution will be passed Mr. HARRIS. It authorizes an appropriation of only a hun­ dred thousand dollars. I will state, Mr. President, that the over. small nation of Belgium is spending $2,000,000 a year to control FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF THE CA.LENDA:& caneer. Every other country except ours is spending large M.r. BLEASE. Mr. President, I should like to ask the Sena­ amounts for this purpose. tor from Oregon if he expects to go back to the beginning of M'r. JONES. Is it proposed under this bill that the Govern­ the calendar and proceed further with its consideration. ment shall cooperate with private institutions, or is the Gov­ Mr. McNARY. I was just about to make a request to that ernment itself to undertake the investigation and survey? The end. I ask unanimous· consent that the Senate return to the title indicates that it is to be cqndu.cted by the Government. first measure on the calendar, being Order of Business 17 1\Ir. HARRIS. The bill provides that a survey shall be made Senate bill 168, and to proceed with the consideration of b:n~ and recommendations submitted to Congress as to what the on the calendar under Rule VIII until 2 o'clock. United States should do in the way of attempting to conh·ol The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request the disease. of the Senator from Oregon? The Chair hears none, and the Mr. JONES. Who is to make the investigation? clei·k will report the first bill on the calendar. Mr. HARRIS. It is to be made under the control of the BILLS, EI'C., PASSED OVER Surgeon General of the Public.Health Service. Mr. JONES. Then the investigation is to be conducted by The bill ( S. 168) providing for the biennial appointment of the Public Health Service? · a board of visitors to inspect and report upon the government Mr. HARRIS. Yes; entirely. and cond:tions in the Philippine Islands was announced as Mr. JONES. Very well. I have no objection to the bill next in order. Mr. HARRIS I felt sure the Senator would .approve the bill. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. Let that go over. Mr. COPELAND. J.\.Ir. President, I doubt if any bill has come The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. before the Senate of greater importance to every person in the The bill (S. 1133) to amend section 8 of the act entitled ".An United States than the one now pending, which has to do with act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of the discovery of a means of controlling cancer. The committee adulterated or m isbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, had before it representatives of all the great cancer research drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, institutions of the country and many doctors and scientists and for other purposes," approved June 30, 1906, as amended, interested in the subject. I think the Senator from Georgia was announced as next in order. [Mr. HABRIS] is to be congratulated, for it was llis energy and l\lr. McNARY. That is on the program of the· order of persistence that caused tp.e committee to go forward. .As a bus:ness, and I ask that it go over. result of the hearings it was decided that the best way to deal The VICE PltESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. with the subject was to have the United States Public Health The resolution ( S. Res. 76) to amend Rule XXXIII of the Service make a survey of what work is now being done, and to Standing Rules of the Senate relating to the privilege of the check the methods used, with a view ultimately of submitting floor was announced as next in order. .a report to Qongress as to what material contribution should Mr. JONES. Let that go over. be made by the Congress in controlling this dread disease. I The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be passed h·u t that there will be no hesitation in passing the bill. over. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present The bill (S. 551) to regulate the distribution and promotion consideration of the bill? of commissioned officers of the Marine Corps, and for other purposes, was announced as next in order. 1\Ir. JONES. Mr. President, I wish to ask the Senator from Mr. W .ALSH of 1\Iassachusetts. · 1\lr. President, is that the • Georgia whether the title should not be amended so as to :r-ead bill which the Senator from Florida [Mr. TR.AMMELL] asked to ".A bill authorizing a survey by the Public Health Service i~ have go over? Who asked that it go over when it was called connection with the control of cancer." The title is imma­ before? · terial I know, but that would indicate more fully how the The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill went over at the request survey is to be conducted. of several Senators. 1\Ir. HARRIS. In the body of the bill it is provided that the Mr. OVERMAN. Let it go over. survey shall be made entirely by the Public Health Service. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. Mr. JONES. By amending the title as I have suggested it The resolution (S. Res. 49) authorizing Committee on ·Manu­ would then convey to anybody information .as to the means' by fachues, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof to in­ which the survey is to be conducted. vestigate immediately the working conditions of employees in l\Ir. HARRIS. .At the proper time I will move to amend the the textile industry of the States of North Carolina South title by inserting the words " by the Surgeon General of the · Carolina, and Tennessee was announced as next in ord~r. United States Public Health Service" after the word "survey," 1\Ir. OVERMAN. Let that go over. and I thank the Senator from- Washington for his suggestion. The VICE .PRESIDENT. The resolution wW be pa~sed 1\:lr. President, more people in the United States die each year over. from cancer than were killed and died in our .Army and Navy The bill ( S. 153) granting consent to the city and county of during the World War and the disease is greatly increasing in San Francisco to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge the number who die from it. We have spent millions to prevent across the Bay of San Francisco from Rincon Hill to a point bog cholera and diseases of horses and cattle--and I am not near the South Mole of San .Antonio Estuary, in the county of criticizing this-but it is all the more reason why we should try Alameda. in said State, was announced as next in order. to protect our people from cancer and other diseases. Mr. METCALF. Let that go over. 9426 CONGRESSIONAL REOOR~SENATE ~fAY 23 The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the matter pre­ 'rbe resolution (S. Res. 119) authorizing anrican Committ('e for Chint>se Rt>lief. Labor; in the Pioneer Youth of America, which teaches communism to These three were gotten up, when the communists wt>re trying to control youth (apropos of which Mrs. Lucy L. W. Wilson, of the Women's the National Party in China, for the purpo e of preventing the United International League for Peace and Freedom and a Philadelphia high­ States from interfering in China, whether on behalf of its pwn nationals school principal, recently pronounced a eulogium of tbe Communis t or otherwise. The Communist Party has ju t issued a bulletin to its Pioneet· Youth calculated to help the organization of the American Britil:! h members to fight against British int<:'rvt>ntion in China and Pioneer Youth). against preparation for war against Rus la and to support an Indian We find San Our Schools Committee members in the American Feder­ r evolution. One of these institutions to which national Save Our School ation of Teachers, which is a radical affair; in the Fede1·a1 Council of Committee members belong is the Communist Begotten Friends of Churches of Christ in America, which gives forth many pronouncements Freedom for India. plea 'lng to communists; in the National Council for rrotection of For-eign­ The communist s endeavored to stir up tt-ouble in Nicaragua and Born Workers gotten up and owned by the communists, of which the espou ed the cau e of Sandino and they organized here the National communist Nina S:unarodin is the head ; in the World Unity Foundation, Citizens Committee on Relations with Latin America for the purpo e of which helps along the communist game indirectly ; on the staff of the aiding communists and stirring up h'ouble for the United Stat es in Bolshevik Nation ; on the Committee of 48, gotten up by the American Latin America. ' Quite a number of Save Our Schools Committee mem- Civil Liberties Union crowd, and in the Farmer Labor Party ; on the bers are on it. Non-Intervention Citizens Committee; on the American Committee on The communists also organized the AU-American Anti-Imperialist Information (misinformation) about Russia; in the Chicago Liberal League which was a purely conununist affair acting under the communist Club, which has communist speakers ; in the Church League for Indus­ Phillips, who call himself Manuel Gomez. Its_specialty was stirring up trial Democracy, which adopts the communist slogan of production for trouble for the United States in Mexico and Cuba, and again we find use but not for profit; in the Workers Etlucation Bureau which owns members of the Save Our Schools Committee in this. and controls Brookwood College; on the Burton K. ""beeler defense The Friends of Soviet Ru sia was a purely communist enterpri e which committee and the La Follette staff of speakers ; in the Survey Asso­ obtained under false pretenses large amounts of mont>y for communist ciates ; in the Ford Hall Forum Council ; in the Summer School for ' propa~anda in this country. Save Our Schools Committee members were Women Workers in Industry, gotten up by· the Workers Education tin it and one of them went to Russia as its rept·esentative for a fee Bureau and the Brookwood College crowd; among the contributors to ot $7,:100. Others were on the joint tag day committee of the Friends the communistic Commonwealth College; among the promoters of the of So>iet Russia helping to rai~:~e money for it. communist 16 railroad brotherhood amalgamation which was meant The Pas aic strike was a communist affair and pretended to be nothing to give the communists control of our railroads and, uniting with the el e. To finance communist propaganda a Pa saic strike relief commit­ United Mine Workers, to take the public by the throat as attempted tee was gotten up. Funds raised ostensibly for charity were paid to com­ in England; in the National Conservation Association, an affair tending munist workers and agitators and to members of the Amel"ican Civil to Government ownership; in the People's Legislative Service. Liberties Union wbo engaged iu this agitation, one of them being an We find there members and organizers of the National Popular Gov­ anarchist. Here again we find members of the Save Our Schools Com­ ernment League. This will be remembered chiefly for a release to the mittee. newspapers by a dozen of its members making false charges against the When the Bridgman communists were arrested the American Civil Lib­ Department of J ustice in the interest of communi ts and anarchists who erties Union, with members on the Save Our Schools Committee, were being deported. These charges were -investigated by a committee selected one of its own national committee, Frank P. W'alsb, who rep­ of the Senate and found to be merely the stock lies of the communists x·e ·ented the friends of Soviet Russia in the trip to Moscow, as counsel and anarchists, and the Senate committee also investigated these mem­ for these Bridgman communists. Walsh also il:! a member of the Save bers of the National Popular Government League, six or more of whom Our Schools Commi ttce. , are members of the American Civil Liberties Union, and seemed to think Mt>mbcrs of the Save Our Schools Committee are in the Fellowship of that these mendaC-ious charges were about what was to be expected from Reconciliation, a creatur e of the American Civil Liberties Union crowd; these men. the Foreign Policy Association, which was gotten up by the American The Garland Fund camouflages as tbe American Fund for Public Ci>il Liberties Union crowd and wbicb has Soviet spies address its Service and gives only for communist purposes, and here again are mem­ audiences and tell them how pleasant things in Russia are; the For­ bers of the Save Our Schools Committee in control. eign Language Information Service, allied with the Foreign Policy The Peoples of America Society was another radical society in which As. ociation ; the American Association for Labor Legislation, which we find these meiBbers. endeaYors to have laws pas ed favorable to radicals; the American 'l'be first American Conference for Democracy antf Terms of Peace was Labor Alliance for Trade Relations with Russia, gotten up by the anything but loyal to the United States, and members of the Save Our COillmunists; the American Society for Cultural Relations with Russia, Schools Committee are in it. another angle of communist propaganda; the Russian Reconstruction One of the most notorious and disloyal things that ever took place in Fa rms, which raised money for communi t purposes under tbe guise this country was the formation of the Peoples' Council of America, of charity ; the New School for Social Research, with communist on which, for its disloyalty, was incontinently kicked out of Minnesota by its stnff; the American Federated Russian Famine Rellef, another com­ Governor Burnquist and then out of Chicago by Governor Lowden where munist enterprise to raise mont'Y under false pretenses; the Fellowship it bad been supported by the notorious Bill Thompson. Here again arc for a Christian Social Order, which endeavors to break down opposi­ members of the Save Our Schools Committee. tion to communism; the National Council for Prevention of War, which Winthrop D. Lane was a member of the Intercollegiate Socialigt snys not a word against Rus. ia plotting against other countries, with Society gotten up to spread socialism in the colleges.. He wrote a pam­ the largest army in he world and baving redoubled its efforts against phlet in the interest of abject which was paid for by the com­ tlle extermination of religion but endeavors to prevent America from munist Garland Fund and circulated by the Women's International being able to resi t communi ·t aggre ion; the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the communists. Tht>re i · a long League for Peace and Freedom, which endeavors to undermine Ameri­ 11 t of indorsers, containing, among others, the names of members of can defense but ays not a word of the militarism of communist Rus­ the Save Our School Committee. sia, and, in fact, agitate for its recognition, which would enable Rus­ sian spies and propagandist to carry on their propaganda here much Norman Hapgood sponsored a book called Professional Patriots, the better than before. It also advocates the abolition of all pr-operty object of which was to sneer at and belittle patriotiRm. It was pub­ privilege , another communist doctt·ine. lished by the communist organ, tbe Daily Worlcer, as communist propa­ We also find members of the Save Our Schools Committee on the ganda. It was full of flagrant untruths. As an instance, it said that Dt>part ment of Justice list of radicals published in 1921, the list of the patriotic Massachusetts Public Intere ts League was gotten up by radicals exposed in the Senate investigation in 1919, and exposed in employers to fight the child-labor amendment. The Massachusett the Lusk report on revolutionary radicalism. Public Interests League was not gotten up by employers and was gotten They are in the National Con umers League, which makes for com­ up years before the child-labor amendment was proposed. This book muni m; on the American Civil Liberties nlon Committee of 100 inverts the meaning of words in the interest of communism, and shows gotten up to support the disloyal teachers dr opped from the New York no regard for fact. In the beginning of the book are published a long schools ; on the radical Chicago Forum Council ; on the Trades Union list of names of indor ers, among which are members of the Save Om· National Committee for Ru. sian Relief, which was gotten up by the Schools Committee. communist camouflaged as a affair for communist propa­ Debs proclaimed himself a Bolshevist from the crown of his head to ganda; in the Ukraine Farming and Machinery Corporation, which was the soles of his feet, and on the Debs Memorial Radio Fund Committee to help the communist financially; in. the Anti-Monopoly League ; the are members of the Save Our Schools Committee. ublic Ownership League ; the League for Abolition of Capital Punish­ The Fellowship of Youth for Peace was an off!11Hing of the Fellow­ ment; the Labor Publication Society, an off boot of the American Civil Rhip of Reconciliation, and here again are members of the Save Our Liberties Union; in the Liberty Defense League, which defended license Schools Committee. and subversive criminality ; in the League for Mutual Aid, among The International Labor Defense is a communiRt -affair to defend sub­ radicals; in the radical New York -Teachers Union denounced by versive c1·iminals, and members of the Save Our Schools Committee are patriotic teachers for its di loyalty ; on the staff of Brookwood College, in it. 9428 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 We find m£>mbers also who we-re ml.'mbers of various expeditions gotten Agriculture to assist the governments of the Latin American up to visit Rus Ia by im·itation of the communists and for communist Republics in highway matters was announced as next in order. propagantla purposes .. Mr. ODDIE. I ask that that go over for the pre ent. We find them on the Committee on .Mnttarism in Education; in the The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be pas.,ed over. National Conference for Progre . ive Political Action ; in the Chicago The bill (H. R. 7998) to amend ubsection (d) of section 11 School of Soc1al Science with the editors of the Communist Federated of the merchant marine act of June 5, 1920, as amended by Press, one of whom declared he would shoot to overthrow the United section 301 of the merchant marine act of May 22, 1928, was an­ State but not to support it; on the statf of the New Republic; among nounced a next in order. tho e w_bo appealed for the anarchist Carlo Trcsca, who had been jailed 1\Ir. LA FOLLETTE. Let tllat go over. in many States, and is an open anarchist publishing an anarchist paper. The VICE PRESIDEl.~T. The bill will be pas ed over. We find them among the suppol'ters of the communist, Charlotte The bill (S. 4094) authorizing W. L. Eichendorf, his heir , Anita Whitney, wbo was convicted under the California criminal syn­ legal representatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and dicali m law and pardoned by Governor Young of California on the operate a bridge across the Mi sis ippi River at or near the theory that she was not a full-fledged communist and then at once con­ town of McGregor, Iowa, was announced as next in order. tributed to a communist cause and came out as a communist candidate Mr. McNARY. The junior Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. for Senator. BLAINE] requested that that bill al o go over. Members of the Save Our Schools Committee have been supporters of The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed O\er. the I. W. W. war obstructors and of other convicted war obstructors, The bill (S. 4066) to authorize the merger of the Georgetown such as Roger Nash Baldwin; .of the I. W. W. barn and crop burners Gaslight Co. with and into the Washington Gas Light Co., and and rioters; of the wholesale murderers Tom Mooney and Billings; of for other purposes, was announced as next in order. the I. W. W. murderers, Ford and Suhr; of the murderers Caplan and Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Let that go over. Schmidt; of the murderers Sacco and Vanzetti and Joe Hillstrom ; of The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. communists and anarchists held for deportation; of the editors of the TEXTILE FOUNDATION communist Daily Worker when at-rested and eonvicted in New York The bill (H. R. 9557) to create a body corporate by the name lor publi bing obscene a~d filthy stutf. of the "Textile Foundation" was announced as next in order. When the communists got up the Sacco and Vanzettl agitation, clr­ Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Let that go over. ·culatlng the most mendacious . tales about the conviction of these mur­ Mr. HEBERT. Mr. President, I wish the Senator would '\\ith­ derers in an effort to stir up class hatred and midermtne respect tor our hold his objection. I very much desire that this bill may ha\e law and courts and aft& theil' death formed a Saeco and Vanzetti Na­ consideration by the Senate. I think I could explain its l1ro­ tional League to contiime this agitation, a number of members of the visions to the satisfaction of the Senator. Save Our Schools Committee took part and one of them especially assisted Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I will ay to the Senator that I do by publishing false and misleading statements, though be had every op· not think we could dispose of it before 2 o'clock, and therefore portunity of knowing thi! truth. Tb1s man was one ,ol those who made I shall insist upon my objection. the National Popular Government League chargetil against the Depart­ The VICE PRESIDIDNT. Objection is made, and the bill ment of Justice, found by · the Senate investigating committee to be the will be passed over. stock lie of the anar-chists and commnnists. ·He was oonnsel for the Mooney whitewashing committee and was severely rebuked by ex-Presi­ CITIZENSHIP AND NATURALIZATION OF MARRIED WO !EN dent Roo evelt for a misleading report favoring L W. W . .riot&s and The bill (H. R. 10960) to amend the law relative to the citi~ endeavoring to ·belittle District Attorney .Fiekert, who put Mooney and zensliip and naturalization of married women, and for othe~ Rillings in jaiL · purposes, was announced as next in order. This national Save Our Schools Corrimittee is a serious menace to our l\lr. BLEASE. At the request of t.he chairman of the Com­ chools. There are some· men in it who have not been connected with mittee ori Immigration, on account of some amendments, I ask radical organizations and who have been duped by the others, bat the that the bill may go over. majority have in one way or another been counected with radicalism.· The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. It is intere ting to not-e that M'Oscow bas just proclaimed that 100 .ADDITIONAL DISTRIOT JlJDGE, NEW YORK per cent socialism and vigorous ·class warfare in town and country will l'!:lr. DILL. Mr. President, what action was taken on Order continue to be the soviet watchword, ~or Moscow appreciates that of Business 61.3, Senate bill 3229, to provide for the appoint­ communism is merely socialism in practice with power to act freely. ment of an additional distl'ict judge for the southern district FluNCIS RALSTON WELSn. of New York? DECEMBlllR 31, 1928. Mr. ROBL~SON of Arkan as. Mr. President,• I wi h to call AUTHORIZATION OF PURCHASE OF FARM-LOAN BONDS the attention of the Senator from Oregon to the fact that we The Senate resumed the consideration of the joint resolution went over this part of the calendar yesterday. (S. J. Res. 76) authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to .Mr. McNARY. That is true, Mr. President, but we were pro­ purchaf;e farm-loan bonds issued by Federal land banks. ceeding under a different rule. We were considel'ing unobjected The VICE PRESIDENT. The amendments have been here­ bills, and we are now proceeding under Rule VIII, under which tofore agreed to. a Senator may have the privilege of moving that the Senate The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed for a third proceed to the consideration of a bill. reading, read the third time, and passed Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. How many times does tlle Senator propose to have us go through the calendar? Bll.LS, ErO., PASSED OVER M.r. McNARY. We want to give every Senator an oppor­ The joint re olution (S:- J. Res. 149) for the relief of unem­ tunity to have action on mea ures in which he is intere ted, ployed persons in the United States was announced as next i.n as far as it is humanly possible. order. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas.. A Senator who does not get The VICE PRESIDENT. This joint resolution is adversely his measures out of committee but has them strangled in com­ reported. , mittee is unfortunate. SEVERAL SENATORS. Let it go oyer. Mr.. MoNA.RY. The Senator can see the difference between The VICE PRESIDENT. The joint resolution will be the privilege of moving to have a measure taken up and where lYc\.SSed over. we mu t rely upon unanimous con ent. The bill (S. 23) to regulate the procurement of motor trans­ :Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Oh, yes; I understand that. portation in the Army was announced a:s next in order. Mr. MoNARY. We are operating to-day in a more liberal Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, the Senator from Wisconsin field. [Mr. BLAINE] was called from the Senate on account of official Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Very well. · 'business, and requested me to ask that that bill go over. The VICE PRESIDENT. In response to the inquiry of the The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. Senator from Washington the ChaiJ: will state that the cleTk The resolution ( S. Res. 245) providing for the appointment inadvertently omitted Order of Bu ines No. 613. I there ob­ of a committee to inquire into the failure of the Speaker of the jection to the consideration of the bill? Houge of Repre. entatiYes to take ·orne action on Sennte Joint Mr. DILL. The Senator from New York wanted to look into Re olution 3, relative to the commencement of the terms of that bill, and I just wanted to be sure that it had not b en President and Vice President and Members of Congress was passed. announced as next in order. · · The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. Mr. MoNARY. In the absence of the Senator from Nebraska BUSINESS OF THE PATENT OFFICE [Mr. NoRRIS] I think that re olution might go over. The bill (H. R. 699) to pre,ent fraud, deception, or improper The VICE PRESIDENT. The re olutioil will be passed over. practice in connection with business before the United States The bill ( S. 120) to authorize the President to detail engi­ Patent Office, and for other purposes, was announced as next neers of the Bm·eau of Public Roads of the Department of in order. 1930 CONGRESSION .AL RECORD-SENATE 9429 Mr. BRATTON. I should like to have an explanation of Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, will the Sena­ what the bill does. tor withhold his objection for a moment? Mr. DILL. The Senator from Utah [Mr. KING], who is Mr. FESS. Certainly. absent, has asked that the bill be passed over until he can . Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Was the reference to the r eturn. Court of Claims made with the approval of the Senator from The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. Maryland. BILLS PASSED OVER Mr. TYDINGS. The reference to the Court of Claims was made with my approval, but tt was only for the purpose of The bill ( S. 3004) to increa-se the salaries of certain post- securing additional information to be given to the Claims Com­ in masters of tl1e first class was announced as next order. mittee, and ha's nothtng to do with the settlement of the claim Mr. BRATTON. Let that go over. Itself. My idea in wanting the bill to get through is in order The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed ovep, that the claim may be settled. The information will not settle The bill ( S. 3122) authorizing Henry F. Koch, trustee, the the cla:m. Evansville Chamber of Commerce, his legal representatives and Mr. ROBINSON of Arknnsa:s. The Senator can. move to pro­ assign , to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the ceed to the consideration of the bill. Ohio River at or near Evansville, Ind., was announced as next Mr. TYDINGS. I will not do tha.t. in order. The VICE PRESIDENT. Under objection, the bill will be Mr. BARKLEY. Let that go over. passed over. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. COMMERCIAL COAL CO. CI..Alll AGAINST THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMISSIONERS OF THE COURT OF CLAIMS The bill (S. 4807) to autho~ the Commissioners of the The bill (H. R. 7822) amending section 2 and. repealing sec­ District of Columbia to compromise and settle a certain suit tion 3 of the act approved February 24, 1925 ( 43 Stat. 964; ch. at law resulting from the forfe:ting ·Of the contract of the 301), entitled "An act to authorize the appointment of commis­ Commercial Coal Co. with the District o! Columbia in 1916 sioner s by the Court of Claims and to prescribe their powers and was announced as next in order. compensation," and for other purposes, was ij.nnounced as next Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. That is rather an important in ord e ~ ' matter. I think it should be explained. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, I do not desire The VICE PRESIDENT. The chairman of the Committee to object to the present consideration of this bill, but I should on the District of Columbia is not in the Chamber. like to have some one who is familiar- with it state the changes Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas.- Have not the Commissioners in existing law which the bill contemplates, and the circum­ of the District the power to compromise suits of this nature? stances which make the . proposed leislation necessary. [After Mr. McNARY. Let· the bill go over. a pause.] Let the bill go over, in the absence of ~nyone who is The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. able to explain it. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. · BILLS .PASSED OVER The bill ( S. 1916) to amend section 1025 of the Revised AMERICAN TRANSATLANTIO CO. Sta.tntes..of the United States was announced as next in order. The bill ( S. 3396) for the relief of the American· Trans­ Mr. BRATTON. Let that go over. . atlantic Co. was announced as next in order. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. Mr. BRATTON. Mr. President, on account of the large sum The bill (H. R. 970) to amend section 6 of the act of May involved in this bill, I should like to have a brief explanation 28, 1896, was announced as next in order. of the facts supporting the bill. Mr. BRATTON. Let that go over. :Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I would like to make a brief The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. statement about it. The bill (H. R. 977) establishing under the jurisdiction of The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair has been informed that the Department of Justice a division of the Bureau of Investi­ this claim has gone to the Court of Claims, by a resolution gation to be known as the division of identification and infor­ adopted yesterday. mation, was announced as next in order. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Is there any objection, I will Mr. McKELLAR. Let that go over. ask the Senator from Maryland, to the indefinite postponement The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. of the bill7 The bill ( S. 4357) to limit the jurisdiction of district courts Mr. TYDINGS. It is an old claim. I do not think the Sena­ of the United States, was announced as next in order. tor from New Mexico will object to it. It is the case of the Mr. BRATTON. Let that go over. United States baving seized a ship, for which the Government l\Ir. McNARY. At the request of the Senator from Delaware never made payment. [Mr. TowNSEND] I ask that this bill may go over. The English Government seized another ship in the same cir­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over, under cumstances, and made payment for it. Our case is the same as objection. that h-rought in the English court. All this bill would do would CLATSOP COUNTY, ORm. be to permit this man to get money for property the Govern­ The bill ( S. 2010) for the relief of Clatsop County, Oreg., ment seized. was announced as next in order. Mr. ROBLN"SON of Arkansas. I think the Senator states a Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. This bill carries a rather good case. , large amount. I think the Senator from Oregon should ex­ The VICE PRESIDENT. .The claim was sent to the Court plain it. I do not object to the consideration of the bill. of Claims yesterday. by resolution. The Chair is advised by the Mr. FRAZIER. · Mr. President, the junior Senator from clerk that it is out of the juriSdiction of the Senate at present. Nebraska [Mr. HowELL], who is at lunch, asked me to object Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. .This claim has been sent to to the consideration of this bill, and request that it go over the Court of Claims? temporarily. I do not know what his reasons are. The VICE PRESIDENT. Yes, yesterday; by resolution. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. That is the information given to the Chair. Mr. TYDINGS. I think the bill ought to pass, notwithstand­ PROMOTION OF PEACE inO' what was done yesterday by resolution. Here is the case The joint resolution (H. J. Res. 251) to promote peace and ot a man who owned a ship, which was seized . by the United to equalize the burdens and to minimize the profits of war was States Gove'rnment during the war. Tbat was 13 or 14 years announced as next in order. ago. He certainly ought to have the right to have his property Mr. DILL. Mr. President, that has been up once to-day. paid for when it was taken by the Government. The claim has The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to its consider­ been well considered. The Secretary of State has been before ation? the Committee on Claims in r egard to it. The junior Senator l\Ir. DILL. I object. from Illinois [Mr. GLENN], the chairman of the subcommittee, The VICE PRESIDENT. Under objection, the joint resolu­ reported the measure favorably after thorough investigation, and tion will be passed over. That completes the calendar. I hope no objection will be made to it. Mr. BRA'l'TON. I have no objection to the bill. ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY Mr. McKELLAR. Was there any difference of opinion in the 1\Ir. l\IcNARY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that committee at all? when the Senate concludes its session to-day it adjourn until Mr. TYDINGS. No; there was not. 12 o'clock on Monday next. Mr. McKELLAR. I have no objection. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the reque-st Mr. FESS. Let it go over. of the Senator from Or~gon? The Chair hears none, and it is so The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from Ohio objects. ordered. 9430 CQNGR.ES.SIONAL RECORD-SENATE ~fAy 23

MESSAGE FROM THE 'HOUSE · ,President IIoover asked for a limited revision. - The Smoot-H•lwley A message from the House of Representatives by Mr: Farre~ bill is unlimited. It lifts the hair and peels the hide from thou ands its enrolling clerk, announced that the House had passed a joint of agricultural · eonswners and gives them a stone where they asked resolution (H. J. Res. 343) to supply a deficiency in the appro­ for bread in duties upon their own products. It is no loyalty to priation for miscellaneous items, contingent fund of the House President Hoover to·. vote for this bill, and the Congressman who votes of Representatives, · in which it requested the concurrence of for the bill as it seems now to be shaping up will bE> disloyal to his the Senate. · · constituency, unless they be constituents in some small special industry, who have access to the cream jug of special privileges which is drained ENROLLED BILL SIG l\'ED from the American people in this bill. The message also announced that the Speaker bad affixed his Particularly a Kansas Congressman or Senator will be justified in signature to the enrolled bill (H. R. 4293) to provide for a voting "no " on this bill. Mr. Fred Brenckman, Washington represen­ ferry and a highway near the Pacific entrance of the Panama tative of the National Grange says of it: "The rates of the bill which C~nal, and it was signed by the Vice President. has been passed by tbe Senate and sent to conference fall far short DEFICIENCY IN CONTINGENT FUND OF HOUSE of placing agriculture on a basis of equality with industry as was The VICE .PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate promised in the last presidential campaign." ·a joint resolution from the House of Representatives. · The bill gives more than three times as many "encouragements" to The joint resolution ·(H. J. Res. 343) to supply a deficiency industry as it gives to agriculture, and in many of its industrial duties in the appropriation for miscellaneous items, contingent fund it encourages less and inefficient production, and only guarantees enor­ of tlle House of Representatives, was read twice by its title and mous profits, rather than making for efficient industrial progress. referred to the Committee on App1·opriations. • Something may happen in the next week to change •the bill-to make Mr. JONES. This is a joint resolution to take care of funeral it more worthy-but the bill as it is is a bad lot In 1890 the Harri­ expenses and so on. I a,m directed by the Committee on Appro­ son administration was wrecked by the passage of the McKinley tat·i.fr priations to report it back favorably without amendment and to bill in June. It took six yeat•s to get a Republican Congress back in ask for its immediate consideration. Washington, and a Republican President back in the White House, after There being no objection, the joint resolution was read, cou­ ~he passage of the McKinley bilL sidered, ordered to a third reading, and passed, as follo~s : In 1910 the Payne-Aldrich bill wrecked the Republican Party, and not until 1921 did a Republican President and a Republican Congress Resolvea, etc.s That the sum of $25,894.31 is hereby appropriated, come back to Washington. Can't those Republicans who are applying out of any mo.ncy· in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to sup­ the party whip to Western Congressmen and Senators read the hand­ ply a deficiency in the contingent fund of the_House of Representatives writing of history on the wall? The Smoot-Hawley bill is worse than for the fiscal year 1930, _for mis:cellaneo.us items, exclusive of salaries the Payne,-Aldrich bill or the McKinley bill. and labor unless speci.fically, ordered by the House o.f Rep.li"esent(l.tives,. While they have it in conference the progressive Senators sboulq and including reimbursement to the offici~} stenographers to committees strangle it. for the amounts actually :lind_ n.:ecessatily p~d out by them for trans- scribing bearings. .Mr: WALSH of Massachusetts. Mr. President, I ask per­ ILLINOIS RIVER BJUJ?GE. mission to have inserted in .the REOORD two articles; one by the ~ditor . of the Boston Post, entitled "America Hard Hit by The VICE PRESIDENT .laid before the Senate the amendment Tariff," and another an interview on the pending tariff bill by of the Hou.Se of J;tepresentatives to the bill (S: 1578) to extend Henry Ford. the times for commencing and completing the construction of a bridge across the Illinois ·River; at or near Peoria, Ill., which There being no objection, the matter referred to was ordered to be printed in the RECoRD, as follows : was, on page 1., line 8, to strike out "the date of approvr~l hereof." and insert " ~Iarch 29, 1930.'.' AM:ERICA liARD HIT BY TARIFF · Mr. DENEEN. I move that the Senate concur in the House RA.TES CLOSE CHANN;ELS -OF FOREIGN . TRADE WHICH INDUSTRY MUST amendment HAVE--CONGRESS ACTS BLINDLY The motion _was aoareed to.. By John Bantry PREFERRED HOMESTEAD RIGHTS OF EX-SERVICE MEN The war · and the years following changed the whole course of Ameri­ The. YICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the action of can industry. 'Before the war the United States was to an extreme the House of Representatives disa·greeing to the amendments of extent a self-contained nation. Foreign markets had little attraction the Senate to the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 181) to amend a for us. Out )Danufa-cturers, or most of them, were well satisfied to joint resolution· entitled "Joint resolution giving to discharged supply the domestic demand without venturing into foreign fields iu soldiers, sailors ~ and marines a preferred· right of homestead search 0'! customers. entry," approved February 14, 1920, as amended JantJftl'Y 21, The war years vastly increased our productive capacity. The large 1922.,. and as extended December 28, 1922~ and requesting a con­ corporations indulged in a perfect orgy of plant extension and produc­ ference with the Semite on the disagreeing votes of the two tion increase. Labor-saving devices enabled a much greater output per Houses thereon. worker than before. Not alone was the country in a buying mood, with Mr. NYE. I move that the Senate agree to the request of money plentiful, but the whole world outside was clamoring for our the House for a conference, and that the Chair appoint the con­ goods. ferees on the. part of the Senate. Just as industry increaSed its- productive power, agriculture followed. · The motion was agreed to; and the Vice President appointed Farmers, eager for more land at any price, ran the value of farm lands Mr. NYE, Mr. WALSH of Montana, and Mr. KEm>RICK conferees up to dizzy figures. Farmers believed the era of low prices for fat·m on the part of the Senate. products was at an end and would never return. Millions of acres of EXECUTIVE MESSAGES. REFERRED virgin land were put under cultivation. Increased production became a The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate sundry Execu­ regulhr craze among the farmers. tive messages from the President o-f the United States, which To-day we are reaping the effects of this period of production infla­ were. referred to the appropriate committees. tion. We have far too much industrial productive capacity in compari­ spn with industrial demand. For instance, if all the shoe factories in TARIFF REVISION the United States worked fuU time for s-ix months they would supply the Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to entire domestic demand for a year and would be obliged to shut down have printed in the RECORD an editorial by Mr. William Allen for the next six. months. Other industries are in a similar situation. White, from the Emporia Daily Gazette, entitled " Strangle It." The farmers are raising much more food than we can possibly con­ It refers to the Grundy ·tariff bill. sume, despite the fact of an increased population and an increasetl There bcing no. objection, the editorial was ordered to be demand. printed in the REOORD, as follows: Thus, in industry and agriculture, we are producing a surplus which STRANGLE IT must be gotten rjd of in some way. Obviously the only ways to dispose The Congress will do a great service to the American people if it of such a surplus are to destroy it or find more customers for it. The will strangle the Smoot-Hawley tari.fr bill in conference. The existing additional customers can not be fountl in the United States so we must tarilf is better than anything that may reasonably be expected to come look for them in other countries. This is precisely what we have been out of Congress. No piece of legislation in years hn.s been so pock­ doing in the last 10 years. marked with greed as this pending tariff bill. Competent economists The United States is now one of the great exporting nations of the believe that it will add to the cost of living a bm·den of nearly a world. We are looking for trade everywhere, - bunting out new cus­ billion dollars a year on the people. In return for this it increases tomers for American goods. the Government revenue less than a hundred milllon. It will raise But while all this has been going on our statesmen have been engaged average duties from 35 to 40 per cent. in framing a tariff bill based on conditions before the war. 1930 CONGR,ESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE 9431

GREAT TARIFF WALL .AIDS FOREIG..~ LABOR They have assumed that the United States is · stili a self-eontained As fast as these other countries put retaliatory duties, when they nation able to frame her own trade policies without reference to condi­ can, on our goods our large industrial corporations begin to take part tions in the world outside. So they have created a tariff wall around of their wealth abroad and set up American factories in these coun­ American industry and American agricultm·e. The result, if the bill is tries. American capital gets the profits, but foreign labor gets the enacted into law will be to lessen our imports greatly. That would not wages and foreign countries the taxes. And, in most cases, goods can have done us ~ny great harm in 1910. But 1930 is different. By be manufactured cheaper abroad in American factories than here at lessening our imports we deal a body blow to our export trade which home. is now of tremendous importance and one of our main reliances for While the Ford tractor factory in Cork, Ireland, is not an instance pr_osperity in the future. of an industry establlsbed as a result of tariff retaliation, it shows what Take the case of Cuba-our best customer for manufactured goods can be done by American capital abroad. outside Canada. Cuba bas but one thing to sell us in return for our All . the Ford tractors are now made in Ireland. The Ford tractor goods-sugar. We buy hundreds of millions worth at very cheap prices. factories in America are closed. Mr. Ford employs 6,000 men in his But because we raise ' about 10 per cent of our sugar consumption in the Cork factory making tractors for the rE.'"st of the world. It is good business for Ford but poor business for America. Had the Ford tractor West we have~ in the pending bill, raised the tariff on Cuban sugar just for the benefit of a few thousand beet-sugar growers in the West. factory remained in America there would be good jobs for 6,000 more They will probably get a cent more a pound for their beets. But at men in Detroit and we should have the benefit of their spending. the same time the Cuban sugar growers will lose an immense amount Capital does not care greatly. If there is more money in making of money because the eft'ect of the higher sugar tarilf will be to curtail goods in foreign countries for sale abroad, that is where capital wUI importations. A.nd Cuba is to-day suft'ering from a surplus sugar go. Our workers will be the losers. Capital would no doubt prefer to confine its eft'orts to America if production. other countries would give them a fair show in their markets for prod­ The larger part of all the money we pay Cuba for sugar comes back ucts manufactured in America. But they won't give American goods a to us from the sale of American goods in Cuba. The more money fair show so long as we refuse to do likewise by their products. Cubans can make from sugar the more money they ean pay for American The pending tarift' bill is full of exasperating and irr-itating restlic­ goods. When we cut their income drastically- .then we automatically cut tions on importations-higher duties that will not directly aid any tJown the sale of American goods. American industry, but do a great deal to harm flourishing industries in There is the added fact, too, that, raising the tarift' on sugar add to fcreign countries where we sell goods. its cost here. American housewives, like the Cuban exporters, will have For instance, China sends us each year millions of dollars worth of less money to spend on other things. eggs in dried form. Eggs are very plentiful and extremely cheap in If we were a small country like Cuba, we would not dare to levy China. The Cbineae fanner can raise little stuft' to sell, but he does high taxes on Cuba's principal product. have a market for his eggs because of several large concerns, all of them NORWAY~S LESSON American, who ship dried eggs to the United States. While the Chinese Some· years ago Norway, in her enthusiasm for prohibition, barred farmer gets little for his eggs, that little is important to him." If it the importation of port and sherry wines and brandy from Spain. But were not for the American market he could not s~ll his Sl.U"plus eggs. only for a few weeks. Spain promptly retaliated, saying, "If our DEliAND IS HEAVY wine and spirit merchants can not sell their goods in Norway, then These dried eggs :from China are sold to bakers and confectioners. the Norwegian fish merchants, who sell a very large amount of dried They are excellent for some purposes. The demand here is heavy. fish to Spain, will not be allowed to do business here. We shall get We have no dried-egg industry here that needs protection. But the our fish from countries wbich do not discriminate .against our goods." farm bloc bas succeeded in placing a heavy duty on dried eggs which Norway hastily backed down. She decided to admit Spanish wines, will cut the importation drastically. The idea is that if the bak('rs and and even though the sale of brandy was barred the Norwegian Govern­ c<'nfectioners can not get dried eggs they will be forced "to use the very ment agreed to buy and store away a certain a.inount of Spanish brandy much higher-priced American eggs.· This they can not do without rais­ each year. · ing the prices of their products materiallp and at the same time raising Only our great size, wealth, and power keeps other countries from the prices of eggs to individual consumers here. giving us the same sort of treatment that Spain gave Norway. We eount on China as one of our best customers in the Far East for But these smallet· countries are not without resources in the fight manufactured products in the future as soon as peace is restored in against us. Canada is burt severely in the pending tarift' bill, which China. But, in face of all this, we are planning to deal a body blow to would cost Canada a lot of .money. Therefore, Canada is putting up a Chinese industry which means a great deal to people we hope to enroll some tariff barriers of her own against our products. The result will · among om customers. be that under the Canadian retaliatory tarilr we shall lose the sale of The farm bloc is also trying hard to ruin the principal business o! some $250,000,000 to $300,000,000 worth of goods to Canada in the the Philippine Islands-the export of vegetable oils to the American next year. That is a lot·of business to lose in a year. market. It is not possible at the present time to keep Philippine prod­ ucts out, but the farm bloc demands that the islands be granted inde­ LACE V. AUTOS pendence so we can shut out their products. France found a weak spot in our armor, too. The framers of the WOULD RAISE BUTTER COS'l'S tariii bill for the purpose of aiding New Jersey and Rhode Island If the Philippine Islands are granted independence, the next step on manufacturers put what amounted to a p.robibitive duty on lace from our part will be to put a proh\bitive duty on vegetable oils. These oils France. The lace industry is not particularly important to ug, but are largely used in the making of substitutes for butter, such as oleo­ very much so to France. margarine and certain cooking compounds. The idea in shutting them The French Government notified us that if this higher lace duty out is to compel houe;ewives to use regular butter, probably at more should be put into eft'ect then prohibitive _French duties would be im­ titan twice the price, instead of butter ~ubstitutes. This would result posed upon American· automobiles. As the money involved in selling in an enormous increase in the use of butter, the supply of which ordi­ American automobiles is twenty-five times the amount involved in the narily about equals demand, and a consequent large increase in the sale of French lace, this proposition would hit us hard. The French price. plainly had us on the hip, despite all our superior power. Congress bad Thus it can be seen that in many cases wllere we deal a blow at to back down. some foreign industry we raise the price materially to our own con­ The apple growers of the West, despite the big price they get for their sumers. If vegetable oils from the Philippines should be excluded apples, clamored for a stift' duty on bananas, one of the cheapest butter would sell at close to $1 a pound. fruits, with the idea of making bananas cost the con~uming public so This butter, egg, cheese, and cream business has curious t·amiflca­ much that people would eat apples instead and thus gradually drive tions. Most of these products come from the great dairy States-Wis­ bananas out of the market. consin, Minnesota, illinois.. and Ohio. Dairy farming is the most profit­ This would virtually bankrupt several Central .American countries able of all American farming because the dairy farmer gets a much which are large buyers of our goods. The money we pay them for higher proportion of the customer's dollar than any other farmer. bananas comes back to us in the form of payment for American manu­ The dairy farmer of the Northwest has a good thing, and he knows it. factured articles. But he is worried sick for fear that other parts of the country will take Spain and Italy would be much better customers of ours if California to dairy farming and cut in on his business. Certain parts of the South had not succeeded in practically driving their fine fruits out of our are excellently adapted for dairy farming and there is considerable markets by absurdly high tarift's. agitation in the South to get farmers to try it out. Is it not ridiculous that America, whose future prosperity depends All this scares the northwestern dairy farmers. They fear the rivalry mainly upon the expansion of her export traue, is deliberately making trom the South. Therefore they support every tariff favor the southern it harder and hat;der for people of foreign countries to buy our products? agriculturalists want in order to keep them away from the dairy busi­ The worst feature of the situation is that labor, not capital, is the: ness. Wisconsin and Minnesota have already succeeded in cutting off chief sufferer from this policy. competition from Canada by shutting out Canadian cream. L:XXII--595 9432 CONGRESS! ON \_L ·RECORD-SEN ATE }lAY 23 Thus it .all comes down to tlle fact that a good part of our industry countries to erect sjmilar tariff barriers against us, the bill threatens is en,!:aged in desperate attempts to prevent any foreign foods coming the one development· to Y)•hich American industry must look for its in, while another large part is rl'acbing out for foreign markets and is principal future expansion ; in short, the proposed measure commit& .extremely anxious that ·we shall purchase. enough in foreign markets to itself to the absurdity of shiving to increase employment by restricting enable re ldents of foreign conntril's to purchase from us. In most tl'auc." cases the profits on our goods would outweigh the profits for tbe The tu'riff might "throw literally hundreds of thousands of American foreiguet·s. workers out of their jobs," he said, though "it aim professedly is to VICTORY Dl TillE prot~>ct our labor." Those who advocate a tariff which will recognize the value of our 8ENATE YIELDS ox 'l'ARIFF BlLL foreign trade and make allowance fot· it in our impo1·t duties are bound to win in the end. They will not win tbis year and if the pending By Jay G. Hayuen, staff correspondent of tbe Detroit News 'tariff bill is passed it will handicap them severely. But the very force WASHINGTOX, May 20.-Pas. age of the Smoot-Hawley tariff- bill in of circumstances will gi>e them the victory in time. a form acceptable to President Hoover became a virtual certainty Mon­ With the passage of the pending tariff bill a sudden and dra tic day evening, wh~>n the Senate, by the narrowest margin of votes, re­ reduction in exports will follow. Several of our largest industries will leased its conferE-es and thu:s paved tbe way for a complete agreement be hard hit. Numerous countries will retaliate by imposing prohibitive between the two Rou es of Congress on the measure. dutie · on American good . The test Monday grew out of the fact that the Senate, before sendJng The whole result will be that the next tuitr bill will be fo.rced to the bill to conference originally, had exactt>d !rom its conference com­ recognize the great importance of our foreign trade and the necessity mittee a pledge not to modify in any way the Senate's position on the of giving people who, we expect, will buy American good·· a fair chance eX}Jort debentuxe and flexible tariff provision without pecilic in tructiou to sell some of their own products to us. of the Senate. For several weeks the conference has been deadlocked due to the refusal of its IIouse members e>en so much as to discu ·' FORD ASSEU1'S liOOYER WILL \ETO TA.niFF the ·e two features o! the bill until the Senate conferees were released from this pledge and 1hus were enabled to negotiate a compromise or SAYS MEASGI!E ACTUALLY WOULD REDD'CE TRFJ NUMBER OF JOBS IN recede from their position. A.MlillUCA.-DECL.!RES WHAT U~ITED STATES ::\EEDS IS TO THAR DOW!fJ NOT BGILD t"P TRADE BARRIEBS CUBTIS CASTS DECIDI~G V01'E (Copyright, 1930, by the United Pre ) Senator REED SMOOT, chairman of the Senate conferee. , finally offered a motion that the Senate ·withdraw its instruction · as to the two pro­ Henry Ford was pictured to-day in a copyright interview with rtslons of the bill. Senator DAVID I. WALSH (Democrat) of Ma ·sachu­ William Philip Simms, of the Scripps-IIoward Newspaper Alliance, as setts, moved a division of the question, thus bringing about a separate believing the pending tariff bill is indefensible as a pure busine s vote on the deb~nture and the tl.exible provision·. proposition and as convinced that President Hoover will veto it if it The motion to release the conferees as to the debenture carried 43 to ever g~es to bim. Mr. Ford was represented as feeling the bill is not 41, with six Democrats-BUOGSSAllD and RAXSDELL of Louisiana, KEND­ wanted bY American bu lne~s and Congress. Simms writes, in part: RICK Of Wyoming, TRAM:M.ELL of Florida, WAGNER of New York, snll "In llenry Ford's opinion, high tariff· will not stimulate industry, WALSH of Massachusetts-voting in the aiDrmative. but will slow· it down by a proces of stultification. It will not do On the motion to release the conferees a to the flexible provision the away with unemployment, but will eventually increase it lly limiting, vote was a tie, 42 to 42. Vice President Curtis casting the deciding­ or killing, world trade, without which busines can not properly expand. vote in favor of withdrawal o! the insb.'Llctions. On this vote tht·ee "In fact, Mr. For·d declared, the tal'iff uill belongs to another political Democrats-DILL of Washington, RA:\'SDELL of Louisiana, and STmCK of era and never should have been introduced, because in effect it turns Iowa-voted with the majority. the people of this country over to a handful of men to exploit as their Senators CouzENS and T' A.NDl:XBERG of Michigan voted with the ma­ own private preserve." jol'ity on both roll calls. LAST BILL OF KI~D THI:IKATJ:XED WITH YETO •· 1 ,·enturc to predict," h sald •· that this bill is the last legisla­ tion of its kind anybody will ever try to get through Congress. The The vital importance of these votes is in the fact that tlley insure day when this country will stand for that sort of thing is past. that the tariff bill now will be returned to the two houses as a com­ " Who wants this high tariti bill? We certainly don't. I think pleted whole and with no further opportunity !or amendment. \Yhen it would lJe very educational to t~>U the public just who it is that does the conference report i presented, as it certainly will be within the want it. next few days, Members will have no r ecour e except to vote ye or "The Pre ident does not want it. I am told that Congress does no on the whole bill. not want it. No up-to-date business man wants it. Who, then, is '!'hat it win be :~p)1roved by I.JOth Hou. es undct· this condition there forcing it on the country- is no doubt. " You ay it is the contention of those who ar·e backing it that it From the time last fall when the Senate adopted the debenture pro­ will r·evive industry and cure un~>mployment. vision. de. igned to provide a cash bonus of appt·oximately • :iOO,OOO,OOO ·• I say it will have preci 'ely the rever e effect. It wiU stultify annually for the farmel's in the name of tariff protection, and emascu­ busines. · and industry and increase unemployment. When you pre­ lated the flexible tariff sections of the el..':isting law, it has been ap­ vent your en tome.rs from purchasing your good , you are absolutely parent that the fate of the bill might hinge finally on the dispo al of throwing men out of work. I know something about employment, and these items. President Hoover has told lli · friends repeatedly that he I say that this tarifl' reduces the number of American jobs. would veto the bill eithet· with the debenture in or the llexJble provi ·ion

COMPETITIO~ IS URGED out. POWEr: PRESERVED "flullines thrive. on competition. Nobody doe. his best if be knows no one is competing with him. Comfortably tucked away be­ The HouAe senrnl weeki' ugo voteu to su ·tain the President on l.10th hind a tat•iff wall whi~b completely shuts out all competition, and of these items, and the votes Monday amounted in fact to a reversal of which gives industry an undue pt·ofl.t which it ha · not earned, the the Senate's position regarding thrm. The debenture scl}('me c~>rtainly business of our country would grow soft and neglectful. will be struck out in toto. Some modification of the tl.~>xilJle provision "Instead of enlarging and putting on anti increasing number of may be adopted by the conference committee, particularly in view of tlle workers, the tendency would be to be sati-tied with things as they clo e vote on it in the Senate, but it 1s certain that the Pre ident's were and to stand still. power to raise or lower tariff rates will be e sentially presE>r>ed. " Instead of buildJng up barriers to hinder tlle free flow of world Under the existing law the Pr~>sident may shift the rates within a tracle. we should be seeking to tear existing barriers down. People can range o! riO per' cent up or down in respon:e to recommendation o! the not k~>cp on buying from us unlN;. we buy from them, and unles inter­ Tariff Commission. The House reenacted tllis proviA1on, and it will nati011:1l trade ca11 go on our business will stagnate here at hom~>." endeavor now to have it retained. GE. EIUL MOTORS EXPORT IIEAD SCORES TARU"1l' BILL The Senate conferees will seck a compromise whiC!h would require sub­ mission of tile presidential chang('S in rates to Congress with the provlso l'i'E\V YoRKJ May 20.-James D. )looney, president of the General that they take effect only after a period of time had I.Jeen allowed for Motors Export Co., addressing the Western Universities Club to-day, congressional action. said that the Hawley-Smoot tariff bill if enacted into Jaw will increase the cost of living, retard America's commercial 1·ecovery and tend per­ WlLLIXG TO COliiPRO.\IISE m:mently to reuuce the volume of American business. Pres!Uent Hoover. h1"1 fi·iend have said, probably woulll accept tbi He said the higher tariff will be harmful to the great majority of compromise on the flexible provi~;ion if it is decideu that some couces­ the people of the United States by imposing "additional burdens on sions must be made to secure the votes nece sat·y to pass the bilL everybody, burdens which must be borne lJy the industrialist, the The votes Monday sustaining the bill were the direct result of the worker, and the farmer alike." free distribution of tariff .pelf, which was malic in the laAt days b~>fore "The burdens," he said, "will have no conceivable benefit to anyone its passage by the Senate. Senator CT,ARE:s-cE C. DILL (Democrat). of but a few selected and favored beneficiaries and by provoking other '\Yasl!ington, frankly voted against the Senate flexible amendment in 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 9433 order to save the increases. in lum})e.r rates which the bill contain~. to arms, to protect even themselves from l>eing engulfed in the mael­ The two other Democrats who voted with the majority were won over strom of consolidated and arrogant wealth, we have only contempt. by the increases· which had been made in the tariff on sugar and other We have received material financial and moral aid in our fight from farm products grown in Louisiana and Iowa, respectively. thousands of our fellow countrymen who see the approach of the on­ Substantially the same considerations weighed against the debenture, rushing tide of monopolistic control, the certain financial enslavement wlth the llifference that Senator STECK's vote. in favor of this provision of the people to the greed and avarice of unscrupulously controlled was more than made up by addition to the majority of two eastern wealth, and the final surrender of a Government " of the people, by Democrats-WAGNER, of New York, and WALSH of Massachusetts-and the people, and for the people," to the despotic rule of the combined by the vote of KE:snrucx: (Democrat), of Wyoming, whose prime interest and controlled money power. is in the tariff on wool. - These pioneers fully realize that our Nation can not prosper when our farmers--the bulwark of creative wealth-are· compelled to accept MUCH PERSUASION USED such prices for their commodities as a monopoly controlled market will It was strongly intimated by Republican leader that other Demo­ offer; and our masses of laborers, from necessity, are forced to accept cratic votes could have been had if they had been found necessary to employment at less than a living wage. To these pioneers in the fight save the bill. Certainly it was true that a number of Democratic for freedom, every citizen owes a deep and lasting gratitulle, and can Senators, each with special bounties for their States in the measure, never repay them for their efforts for and in the interests of the were held in line for the debenture and against the flexible feature preservation of our Government. only by dint of much persuasion by their party chieftains. In this battle against the chain system, KWKH seeks no quarter­ The effect of the Senate's action probably will be to advance ma­ will grant no armistice--and every gun is now, and will continue to be, terially the date of adjournment of Congress. It has been suggested trained on public officials who fail or falter in the administration of that the two Houses wind up their joint session about ;rune 1 and the our antitrust laws, and on the Congress of the United States who, by President thereafter call the Senate into special session to ratify the legislation, can thwart and defeat the efforts, aims, and objects of the naval treaty. The advantage of this plan is that it would stop debate chain system. on all legislative issues, with the departure of the House, and insure The fight against the chain ystem bas just begun. We are in the the Senate's giving the treaty its undivided attention, a condition throes of au economic revolution which, in magnitude, will surpass any which it is predicted would insure ratification in short order. governmental problem that has ever been presented. All must realize At the latest, it is now predicted, Congress will adjourn by ;Tune 15. that a power has come into our governmental affairs which seeks to CHAI:~-STORE MONOPOLY AND PACKERS' CONSENT DECREE become greater than the people themselves, consisting of various and controlling interests, combined into a "chain system," bound together by Mr. BROUSSARD.- Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent a "consolidation·" of vast wealth in the bands of the few. to insert in the RECORD an address by W. K. Henderson, of Shall not the people demand at least freedom from discrimination and Shreveport, La., delivered over the radio, on chain-store monop­ that our public officials protect the last refuge of the masses, in their oly and packers' consent decree. fight for freedom from the domination of wealth, massed and con­ There being no· objection, the address was ordered to be solidated under the control of those who would ruthlessly trample printed in the RECORD, as follows: liberty under foot? W. K. HENDERSON ON CHAIN-STORE MONOPOLY AND PACKERS' CONSE!'IT Those who occupy positions of trust and power must be held to a DECREE, BROADCAST OVER STATION KWKH, SHREVEPORT, LA. strict accvuntability o.f their duty to protect and prese.rve the rights of thE' people from monopolistic control, which is and always bas been Hello, world : For many weeks, KWKH has been broadcasting Its " odious at law, inimical to public welfare, and contrary to public warning of the dangers and menace of the chllin system, now seeking policy." to fasten its fangs into the life of every community, and upon the very The people need no commission to advise them of the necessity to existence of our individual welfare. hold fast to principles pronounced by the Declaration of Independence We have sought to portray the iniquities attendant with short weights and embodied in the Constitution of our country. They need no com­ and inferior quality of merchandise sold by the chain store. We have mission to inform them that their local communities are being destroyed, attempted to bring to light the ruinous and devastating effect of send­ while their fellow townsmen are jobless because of the chain system, ing the profits of business out of our local communities to a common which saps our finances and menaces the very existence of social life. center, Wall Street. We have appealed to the fathers and mothers­ They need no commission to find the facts, now only too well known. who entertain the fond hope of their children becoming prosperous They demand and are entitled to the same protection and fostering care business leaders-to awaken to a realization of the dangers of the as given others. chain stores' closing this door of opportunity. We have insisted that This system of bureaucracy by commissions sprang into exi<>tence the payment of starvation wages, such as the chain-store system fosters, during the war; bas thrived anll developed until it seems at times as if must be eradicated, if we would build for a contented citizenship. We democracy itself has fled. have importuned those who labor to join in striking down the chain Let an intelligent public opinion demand that our antitrust laws be system in every form and character, before it enslaves the masses and enforced, and the greed and avarice of the few be controlled and holds them prisoners of an economic system which will destroy every enjoined from their orgy of consolidations and trusts-to crucify vestige of individual initiative and personal incentive to progress. We liberty-loving American citizens upon a cross builded by heartless and have denounced the dishonest methods and sharp practices of those greedy rich. who would lull the people to indifference, and then take from them the If the laws now on the statute books are insufficient to secure the fruits of their toil, In dishonest profit_ protection and guaranties to which people are entitled, then we de­ We have proclaimed as our platform the principle of the "equal mand the passage of such laws as will insure freedom for the channels rights of man" to the end that all may enjoy the "pursuit of happi­ of trade, and which will forever bar and prevent the combinations of ness" unfettered and untrammeled by unsound economic systems. We wealth from endangering the liberty which the people of right ought have declared our opposition to the assumption and usurpation of power to enjoy. by those who would erect a state of despotism and reduce our people The dominant thought of the " chain system " is : The suppression to a state of subjection. of competition by unified management, by agreement, or concerted ac­ We believe the wisdom and intellect of the people, when properly tion. From the earliest times it was considered a serious matter to exerted, will arouse an enlightened public opinion sufficiently to preserve combine to control trade, or concentrating business in the hands of a this wonderful country of ours for the benefit of the whole people, and few, that they may suppress comp.etition. Such monopolies were al­ will not permit i~ to become the playground of a favored few. ways in tolerable, and especially where they concern the very resources We stand for a Government builded upon "domestic tranquillity" of individual existence, i. e., the necessities of life, or the capacity to that will wage relentless warfare upon a!Jd against all those who would labor. suppress competition and secure the power to control prices of com­ The chain system is alike destructive to individual enterprise and to modities, that they may enhance prices to the detriment of the public individual prosperity, and public policy is and ought to be--as well as and destroy the freedom of commerce. These principles of government public sentiment-against such a system. are neither new nor revolutionary. As early as the seventeenth century England enacted laws against To those critics who hl)nestly contend for an economic system by combinations calculated to stifle competition. Monopolies were and which the resources and production of our country are to be controlled have been held unlawful at common law by the highest courts of by the few we extend our sympathy. To those who, by reason of in­ England and this country for the reasons: difference, have given no thought to this matter we urge you to think, (a) That the price of the same commodity will be raised, for he and to think quickly, before it is too late. To those who would recline who has the sole selling of any commodity may and wiiJ make the and let ";Tobn do the work," we say you are a failure and are entitled price as be pleases. to no better living conditi.ons and are a menace to the welfare and Justice Taft said : prosperity of your community and Government. To those " pacifists " "At common law there was no question of reasonableness open to who would make no preparation to fight until the enemy has enslaved the courts. Its [the conb·act in restraint of trade] tendency was you we say you deserve to be made captives and the· servants of en­ certainly to give • • the power to charge unreasonable prices." trenched wealth. To those moral cowards who refuse to answer the call (Vnited States v. Addystone Pipe Line Co., 85 Fed. 293.) 9434 CO:N GRESS!ON AL RECORD-BENATE ~lAY 23 The Supreme Court of Ohio said : is of far-reaching importance to the people of. our country. We refer " The purpose of the ' trust ' is to control prices, prevent competition, to the commonly known packers' consent decree. and cheapen the co ·t of production. • ·* • It may be tn1e that it This case becomes of more than passing impo.rtance in >icw of the has improved the quality of petroleum and its pr<>ducts to the con­ fact that it was doubtless instituted at least in part by reason of a sumet·. But, such is not one of the usual or general results of a report of Herbert Hoover, then food administmtor to President Wilson, monopoly; and it is the polic)· of the law to regard, not what may, but dated September 11, 1918. what usually happens. Experience shows that it is not wise to trust M1·. lloover, in his report touching this particular subject, in part. human cupidity, where it has the opportunity to aggrnndize itself at said: the expense of others. The claim of having cheapened the ptice to the " I scarcely need to repeat the views that I expres ·ed t o you nearly ~ customer is the usual pretext on which monopolies of this kind are year ago-that there is a growing and dangerous domination of tlH! defended. • • " (State v. Stanmployers und a gL"eat body of present conditions--" of the growing domination of the handling are the employees or servants, i not the most desirable in a republic; of the Nation's foodstuffs." and it should be as much the poJi~· of the laws to multiply the num­ The packers' consent decree was entered February 27, 1920, in a case b(>rS engaged in independent pursuits or in the profits of production as instituted by the United States against Swift & Co., Morris & Co., to cheapen the price to the consumer. Such policy would tend to an Wilson Co., and Cudahy Packing Co., in which was joined 80 other f'quality of fortunes among its citizrns, thought to be so desirable in a corpot·ations and 50 individuals, with a view to preventing a long­ republic, and le ·sen the amount of pauperism and crime." feared monopoly in meat and other food products. (d) It destroys a common-law right, in virtue of which any member On the same day, in fact, at the same time, the petition was filed of a community may exercise any trade or busine ·s as be pleases and the answer of the defendants was filed and the decree entered. The as he thinks best. (Corpus Juris, Yol. 41, p. 86; Monopolies case, 11 reasons for this action were clearly stated by Senator Nonms, on the Coke, 77 reprint 1260.) floor of the Senate, on January 17, 1930: It is the policy of the law that competition, and not combination, "At the time this consent decree was entered into there was pending shall be the law of trnde. If there is an evil in competition, it is ac­ before the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry of the Senate some <'epted as less than that which may result from the unification of inter­ very important legislation having to do with so-called big puckers, the est and the power which such unification gi>es. (National Cotton packers' stockyards act, and there was a very sharp contention us to Seed Oil Co. v. Texas, 197 U. S. 115.} what should be included in that legislation. • • * I think I makf' " Rivalry is the lite of trade. The thrift and welfare of the people no misstatement when I say that the object sought to be attained by depend upon it ; monopoly is opposed to it all along the line ; the ac­ that decree was, in part, the object sought to be attained by the then cumulation of wealth out of the brow of sweat of honest toilers by pending legislation. means of combinations is opposed to competing trade and enterprise." "That decree was agreed upon between Mr. Palmer, the Attorney (Anderson v. Jett, 12 S. W. 670.) General, and the packers, and put into effect. It was signed by the We stand for the competiti>e system because it makes for efficiency, court. It was agreed to before the decision was rendered. As a matter attE'ntiveness, politeness, and rE'asonable charges. "'e oppose the of fact, the petition and the answer and the decrE'e were all tiled with monopolistic chain system, which will abolish competition and leave the the judge at the same time, and he signed the decree. It all hnppcned people with extortionate prices, inattention, i'mpolite and negligent at once. The effect of it all was to put into law, thrl)ugh the instm­ service. mentality of that decree, some of the things that w.:>re pending before Combinations in restraint of trade, and consolidations and agree­ the Committee on Agriculture of the Senate, and I chargeu then ments which supprE'ss competition- that the object was to prevent Congress, by means of this .. * ., ln the olden times were called 'Contracts in restraint of decree, from legislating upon the subject matte1· contained in lhe decree, tmde • ; now-a-days they are caned ' tt·usts.' There is no difference in and it had that effect. • • • the principle. There is a difference in the extent and methods. These, " The effect of that decree was tbe sllille as though Congress had the· courts condemned long ago, were as ~'>aplings compared to the mam­ legislated on this subject, and having gained that stE'p--we might call moth oaks, when considered alongside those of to-day. When the evils it a gain-immediately the contention wa · made, and successfully made, to the public interE'sts that flow from these trust combinations are at­ by the packers, that it was useless and unneces ary for Congres-; to tempted to be described, wotds become mere WE'nklings in their power legislate along this particular line, so Congress did not legislate. But, of expression, and one stands appalled at the h(>lplessncss of the people when Congress adjourned, about the first thing that happened was that outside of judicial aid." (State ·t•. Fir(>men's Funds Ins. Co. (Mo.), 52 the packers attacked their own decree, and they have been fighting ever s. w. 595.) since, either to get it modified or to have it declared unconstitutional. Congress has legislated upon this subject by the passage of the Sher­ They have gone to the Supreme Court two or thr(>e times on the man Antitl'llst Act, relating to " unlawful restraint of. trade and question. • • • monopolies," and upon the Clayton Act, intended as a supplement to " I think this is a case, when we consider the origin of tllis decree, in other antitrust legislation. which the Congress of the United States is directly interested, because 1.'he Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted for the purpose of maintain­ it would have legislated, without any doubt, had thl decree not been ing free competition in commerce by preventing combinations and trusts entered into-and the decree was entered into for the purpose of pre­ in restraint of trade from exercising undue interference with the rights venting legislation by Congress, with the object, I thinlt, of llartng lt of those engaged in trade or commei'ce, and to secure equality of oppor­ all set aside as soon as Congress adjourned. • • *.'' tunity, as well as protecting the public against evils incident to monopo­ As stated by Senator NonniS, the packers have sought to have the lies which tend to suppress competition. consent decree set aside on two occasions, and the Supreme Court of the '.fhe Sherman Antitrust Act was unsatisfactory, so far as the purpose United States has, on each occasion, decided adverse to their contentions. to maintain free competition. The provisions of the Clayton Act were As stated by Mr. Justice Brandeis, in Swift & Co. v. United States that the inquiry to be directed was not to whether a practice may pos­ (276 U. S. 319, 72 L. ed. 594) : sibly lessen competition or possibly create a monopoly, but whether it "The petition charged the d('fendants with attempting to monopolize probably lessens competition and probably tends to create a monopoly. a large proportion of the food supply of the Nation, and with attemptin~ Whether the provisions of these two acts arc broad enough to meet to extend the monopoly by methods set forth. It is stated that the the exigencies of any changed conditions, if any, since their enactment purpose of the suit was to put an end to the monopoly described, and _ we will discuss at another time. Suffice it to say we believe that at to O(>prive the defendants of. the insb·umentalities by which they were least one, if not both, the acts need amendment to giv·e effect to the PHfecting their attempts to monopolize. It sought a comprehensive neecls of the people in the protection of their common rights. Many injunction, and also the divestiture of the instrumentalities desct•ibed.'' cases have been institut(>d und(>r the proyisions of one or the other of There was inserted in the decree a clause to the effect that the defend­ the:.:e acts and decisions of the courts rend('red thereon. ar.ts "mllintain(>d the truth of theit· ans:wers and ru>Rert thcit· innocence There is, however, a case now pending ·in the Supreme Court-of the ·o! any violation of law, in fact or intent."- In short, tile pa<:"k(>rs ·aiel, District of Columbi-a which involves not· only the litigants named; but -"We'have told.the trutb; we are innocent of im:r ;iolation of luw, but 1930 CONGRESSIONA-t\._L REOORD-SENA:TE 9435 we consent that the decree be entered against us with the same effect taking testimony, reported to Attorney General Daugherty that the as if found guilty." The decree closed with the provision: matter of modification was a matter for the courts. " That jurisdiction of this cause be and is hereby retained by this Here we find tWo decisive opinions by the Supreme Court of the court for the purpose of taking such other action or adding to the United States, sustaining the validity of the consent dect·ee, and yet foot of this decree such other relief, if any, as may become necessary but recently Attorney General llitchell, in a: communication to Senator or appropriate for the carrying out and enforcement of this decree, and McNARY (CONGRESSIONAL RF.conn, p. 3495), states: for the purpose of entertain-ing at any time hereafter any application " The provisions of the decree, especially with reference to packers' which the parties may ma ke with respect _to this decree." ownership of stockyards, stock, and handling of unrelated commodi- Viewing this provirlon of the decree in the light of the action of tht> ties, has never been fully complied with." - packers-to set aside the decree and avoid their own voluntary acts On behalf of the people, we ask: Who is to blame, and why is not in having it entered-there is little wonder that Senator NoRRIS de­ the consent decree enforced? What obstacles prevent its enforcement? clared at the time the decree was entered into that it was- When will the o1ficials of the Government determine it opportune to " * • • for the purpose of preventing legislation by Congress enforce this decree? Can w~ question the attitude of the people, when with the object, I think, of having it all set aside as soon as Congress they witness the packers, with impunity. violate the terms of their adjourned." agreement with the Government, contained in the consent decree, and On November 5, 1924, Swift & Co. and AJ.·mour & Co. made applica­ our ofticial representatives apparently indifferent to enforcement of the tion to the court to vacate the consent decree; for eight reasons assigned decree of court? The Commission on Law Enforcement might very by them. Solicitor General, now Attorney General Mitchell, was and profitably report their findings and inform President Hoover how to is familiar with these cases. He appeared by brief in the court, in compel the packers to comply with the consent decree. opposition to the application of defendant companies. The Supreme Despite the opinions of the Supreme Court, sustaining the validity of Court of the United States, after full consideration, affirmed the entry the consent decree, Swift & Co. and Armour & Co., in August. 1929, of the decree, and held it was valid and binding, and overruled each and filed their application for modificntion of the consent decree, to the all of the contentions of the packers. The packers, after having consented extent that they be permitted to own their own retail meat stores; to to the decree, have been insisting that the decree was entered without manufacture and distribute grocery products ; and to u!!e their vast jurisdiction by the court. systems of distribution in the distribution of their products. Certainly the packers and their attorneys intended, when the decree Tbe granting of the packers' application is to modify the terms of the was entered, to attack the validity of the decree later. They consented decree in such a manner as will, in fact, be a vacation of the fl pcrec. to have (according to their contention) a void dec1·ee entered. For They do not desire modification; they se.ek nullification. what purpose? What object prompted the packers to consent to a The reasons alleged by the packers in their petitions for modification perpetual decree which was void? None can be suggested, save the one of the decree are, that by reason of economic changes, the chain-store stated by Senator NORRIS-that the decree was entered- systems of the country have grown and are now so powerful as to prevent " • • • with the object of having it all set aside as soon as the possibility of the packers to establish a monopoly in the same line of Congress adjourned." trade, and· for that reason the packers shouid be released from the force The packers' consent decree enjoined the defendants (in so far as of tbe decree, so that they may enter into competition with tbe chain store!!. we are concerned) from engaging or being interested in the business The application of the packers proves what we are contending ; "of manufacturing, buying, selling, or handling any one of 114 enumer­ namely, that the chain-store system is so powerful as to constitute a ated food products or any one of 30 other named articles of commerce ; monopoly · and should be prosecuted under the antitrust act. Wben the from selling milk or cream ; from using their distributive system, in any development of the chain-store system becomes a menace to the packers, manner, for the purpose of handling any of the many articles re­ God help the independent merchants. f erred to. The application of t he packers brazenly states their purpose to be It must be borne in mind that the packers' consent decree was to organize a larger, more extensive, and more dangerous monopoly entered with their consent, and, we believe, at the solicitation of the than the attempted one which · the decree enjoined. At the time the packers, and by the decision of the Supreme Court rendered March 28, decree was entered, their activities were limited to production and 1929, every question that ingenuity of counsel could raise; as against wholesale distribution of food products. Now, they propose to engage the validity of the decree, was presented and decided against their in the retail business. Grant the application of the packers, and the specially ol!l milk cows that have just Mr. HEBERT. Mr. President, I confess I do not know enough dried, they obtain a streak of fat tha t is practically the color of gold, about this proposition to explain to the Senator how the-se and by mixing the naturally colored fat with their other fats they get things might be construed. I do not know anything about a naturally colored oleomargarine that simulates butter in appearance. chemistry, I confe&s to the Senator. I am simply relying upon The tax on an oleomargarine colored like butter, whether artificial or what the Acting See1·etary of the Department of Agriculture natural, should be 10 cents per pound. has said in a letter to the Committee on Agriculture of tlle M1·. HEBERT. Mr. President, I am in full accord with the Senate. ob ervations made by the writer of that letter, ~nd that is the Mr. WALSH of Montana. I have always supposed that ice very problem which I run seeking to reach here. It seems to me cream was a product from cow's milk. Cow's milk, or any that the manufacturers of these cooking compounds ought to product of cow's milk, ic; not included in the elements desig­ l1ave the cooperation of those interested in the dairy industr~· . nated as being oleomargarine. Of course, if somebody used to bring that very condition about. Those who are manufac­ fish oil or intestinal fat, or beef snet, or something of that turing these compounds-and there are some in my State-do kind, t~ make ice cream, it would fall under the condemnation not oi)ject to paying a tax. They would not object to paying a of this s_tatute, and very properly so. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9441 Mr. HEBERT. The Senator will ob erve that in order to the :torm of meal or oil. It will belp the cottonseed-oil men bring these cooking compounds within .th": d~fin~tion of oleomar­ instead of injuring them. garine, they uo not have to be made m liDltation of butter, or The other question is, I have two objections to this. One of in semblance of butter, and they do not have to be calculated them is that it is very involved .. It is so involved that I do or intended to be sold as butter or for butter. It suffices if not know what it means, and therefore I am opposed to it. certain compounds are churned or emulliified, or mixed in I want to raise a point of order against the amendment. The cream, or milk, or water, or other liquid, and contain in excess amendment proposes to amend, not the pending bill but another of 1 per cent of moisture or common salt. section of the law. Mr. wALSH of Montana. But what are these things? They The VICE PRESIDENT. The point of order is not well are not cow's milk, but they are oleo, ·oleomargarine oil, but­ taken. . terine, lardine, suine, and neutral; all lard extracts and tal­ 1\Ir. NORBECK. May I be heard on that matter? The same low extracts· and all mixtures and compounds of tallow, beef question was brought up in the House in reference to . this fat suet la~d lard oil, fish oil or fish fat, vegetable oil, an­ matter, for the same reasm~ that I am urgi11~ now, that the natto, ~d other coloring matter, intestinal fat, and offal fat. matter could not be considered. Mr. SNELL made this statement: If those thing~ are mixed with water, they fall under the con- I make the definite point of order against this amendment- demnation of this measure. _ Not exactly this amendment but a similar amendment, and he 1\lr. HEBERT. If they are mixed in cream, they fall unaer made it for the same reason- the condemnation of the measure. Mr. wALSH of Montana. They would not be included in ice under the provision of the rules that where a bill proposes to amend cream, as the term is ordinarily used, which is a combination a law in one particular it is a well-established fact that amendments of cow's milk or cream. seeking to repeal the law or relating to the terms of the law in gene1-al Mr. HEBERT. I call the attention of the Senator to the rather than the bill are not germane. fact that if those things are mixed in cream, the act would I say to my friend from Rhode Island- apply. It does not say what proportion of cream shall be used . Not the Senator, but a House Member- · in the mixture. If they are mixed with cream, then they come in under the appellation of oleomargarine. .. . that I am not opposed to the pr•oposition he offered. Mr. w A.LSH of Montana. If anybody is passmg off for 1ee The RECORD shows that the objection was sustained. cream some cream and some of these things, why should it not The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senate bas no rule in regard be designated as oleomargarine? to germaneness except as to appropriation bills. The House bas 1\fr. HEBERT. Because they are not that., and clearly they a rule to that effect. While the amendment would be subject should not be so designated. to a point of order in the House, it is not subject to a point of l\lr. NORBECK. Mr. Presiden~ will the Senator from Rhode order under the rules of the Senate. Island yield? Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, I can not agree with the Mr. HEBERT. I yield. Senator from South Dakota [Mr. NoRBECK] that this measure Mr. NORBECK. May I suggest that that is true under the will not be harmful to the cotton producers, the peanut pro­ present law, the law which is 40 years old. ducers, and the producers of other vegetable oils. I can not Mr. HEBERT. But it is not true under the present law. agree that a tax upon their products, which come in competition It is. important to mark this distinction. I have tried to bring with other products in the market place, will be helpful to it out clearly before. This applies to different compounds made them. · in imitation or semblance of butter. That is one thing that bas Of course, it. would impose a penalty upon their products to be in order to make it oleomargarine. The second provision brought into competition with other products, and I do not think applies to that which is calculated or intended to be sold as we have any more right to tax these vegetable oils and products butter or for butter. made from them than the bog producers would have to demand Mr. NORBECK. The Senator is getting into another matter that we impose a tax upon sheep meat, goat meat, chicken meat, now. fish meat, or any other kind of meat which came in competition Mr. HEBERT. If the Senator will permit me until I con­ with them. clude--now, you add this other provision, which says nothing I am perfectly willing to have the law distinctly show that about these compounds being made in imitation or semblance of oleomargarine is oleomargarine and not butter; but I think butter, which does not mention anything concerning the intent that is as far as the Congress ought to go. Whatever product to be sold as butter or for butter. It simply says "any mix­ is sold in competition with butter ought to be distinctly labeled tures, all mixtures and compounds," and sets out the list. This so that the consumer will know what be is getting. I do not is the new matter: think Cong1·ess bas the right to impose a tax on one product Churned, emulsified, or mixed in cream, milk, water, or other which comes in competition with another in order to help the liquid, and containing moisture in excess of 1 per cent or common other product and handicap the first one. salt. Mr. NORBECK. :Mr. President-- The VICE PRESIDENT. ·Does the Senator from Alabama If a man wants to produce those compounds to be used as a yield to the Senator from South Dakota? liniment they are oleomargarine within the law. If they are Mr. HEFLIN. Certainly. emulsified in that way and they contain those compounds-, what Mr. NORBECK. I want to call the attention of the Senator is there to prevent them from being classified as oleomargarine? from Alabama to the fact that this law was first enacted when Mr. NORBECK. Mr. President; may I reply to the Senator? Mr. Cleveland was President, and if be will read President Mr. HEBERT. I yield. . Cleveland's comments on it be will find them to be pretty good Mr. NORBECK. Let us start out by admitting frankly that Democratic doctrine. a new definition of oleomargaririe had to be developed in order Mr. HEFLIN. It is the Jaw and· it is a law of long standing, to get under the law these substitutes which had been evading but I do not think it is good law even at that. As the law the law. The purpose was to find a definition, and it was de­ now stands o~omargarine is clearly defined and there is a tax cided that the best definition would be one based on the per­ on it, and an unjust tax in my judgment. This bill is an effort centage of moisture, because cooking compounds, su~b as lard, to impose an additional tax and I am opposed to it. I am in -have not 1 per cent of moisture. It is absolutely necessary for favor of tbe amendment of the Senator from Rhode Island and any butter substitute to have a certain amount of moisture in hope it will be accepted. it. Otherwise it will not spread. It will stick to the palate or Mr. HEBERT. Mr. President-- tongue like tallow unless it has a certain amount of moisture The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Alabama in it, and when you put moisture in it it will spread easily like yield to the Senator from Rhode Island? butter, and therefore one test is the percentage of water found l\Ir. HEFLIN. Certainly. in it. Mr. HEBERT. I merely wish to make the observation to tb;~ The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the Senator from Alabama that at the time the law was enacted amendment, which the Secretary will report. 40 years ago the products which are now sought to be taxed Mr. NORBECK. Mr. President, just to make the matter under the amendment to the law were unknown. They ·g_re dear, first, this is not an interference with cotton. The cotton only a recent development; in fact, prior to 1925 these products, men are not opposed to it. We have not heard from the cotton­ containing among other ingredients coconut oil and cottonseed seed-oil men. It has been protested here that it would inter­ oil, bad never been manufactured, and, of course, they were not fere with them; bnt they have been silent. They know all thought of at the time the oleomargarine law was enacted in about it, and they care little about it, because the dairymen 1886. ' are the greatest customers of the cottonseed-oil men, and it does Mr. HEFLIN. The Senator is absolutely right aud I am in not make any difference to the cotton men whether it is sold in favor of his amendment. · 9442 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE M .A.Y 23 The YICE PRESIDENT. The question is. on the amend- 1\Ir. TIIOl\:IAS of Oklahoma. On this question I have a pair ment of the Senator from Rhode Island [l\Ir. HEBERT]. with the junior Senator from Illinois [Mr. G~N]. In his l\Ir. WALSH of 1\lassachusetts. Mr. President, before the · absence I withhold my vote. vote is taken I would like to have read at the desk a letter of_ Mt~. ROBINSON of Arkansas (after having voted in the prote&t which I have received from the president of the Na- affirmative). I ha'\'"e a pair with the Senator from Pennsyl­ tional Housewives' Alliance (Inc.). vania [Mr. REED]. I transfer that pair to the Senator from The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair Mississippi [Mr. HARRISON] and let my vote stand. hears none, and the clerk will read, as requested. Mr. WALSH of Montana. My colleague the junior Senator The legislative clerk read as follows: from Montana [1\Ir. WHEELER] is unavoidably absent. If pres­

NATIO~AL HOUSEWIVES ALLIANCE, INC., ent, he woulote? Is there objection? The Chair hears ucts and manufactured under strict GoYernment supervision. none. Now, to amend this definition of oleomargarine to include fish fats 1\Ir. NORBECK. I was requested to announce that tlle senior and oils and fats churned with water I would no longer recommend Senator from Minnesota [l\Ir. SHIPBTEAD] is unavoidably absent. oleomargarine as a table product and would advocate putting it on If present, be would vote "nay." under a new label of cooking compound and thereby remove the unjust l\lr. THOi\IAS of Oklahoma. I haye a general pair . on this tax of 10 cents per pound tllat the consumer has been forced to question with the junior Senator from Illinois [l\Ir. GLEN ], pay for years for colored oleomargarine. as previously announced. I find that I · can transfer that pair My theory has been-if the rich consumer is entitled to a colored to the senior Senator·from Minnesota [1\IL'. SHll'STEAD], wllich I and palatable spread for bread, that the working man's family and the do, and Yote "nay." poor mother supporting a large family ha a right to buy colored The re. ult was announceu-yeas 27, nays 37, as follows; oleomargarine giving her a palu table and appetizing spread for her YEAS-27 bread without tax, for both butter and oleomargarine are colored with Baird Couzens Hayden Sheppard Barkley ({illett Hebert Stephens pure coloring and if one is Ulxed both should be taxed. Blease Goff Heflin Trammell The products made from fish oil and fat and other fat chtwned Bratton Goldsborough McKellar Walcott in water should be taken care of under labels prortded by a pure Brock Hale Metcalf Wn.l:;1h, Mnss. Carawa:v Harris Overman Wntson food law and then the consumer can bny intelligently and use the Connally Hatfield Robinson, .1rk. product as she . sees fit. NAYS--37 We know you are interested in the proulems of the homemakers Allen Greene Norbeck Steck of the country and asl' you to Yote against this bill in our interest. Blaine Howell Norris Steiwer It is time the dairy interests sell their products for what they are Borah Johnson Nye Sullil'an Capper Jones Oddie Tbomas, Idaho and let the oleomargarine industry do the same and then let the pure Cutting Kendrick Patterson 'l'homaR, Okln. food laws protect the consumer with the proper label. Dale Keyes Pine Walsh, 1\Iont. We are working on a campaign to educate the housewife to read Deneen La Follette Ransdell Vi-"aterman Dill ~!cCulloch Robinson~}nd. her labels intelligently. Fess l\IcMaster Rob ion, h:y. Thanking you for voting in our interest, I am, Ft·azier McNary Schall Very truly yours, NOT VOTING-32 ELIZABETU FrUTCHEY, Ashurst Glass King Smith President. Bingham Glenn Moses Smoot Black Gould Phipps Swanson M.illJ.Dl D. MCCURDY, Brookhart Grundy Pittman Townsend Legislatit;e chair-man. Broussard Harrison Reed Tydings Copelnnd Hastings Shipstead Vandenberg The VICE PHESIDENT. The question is on the amendment Fletcher Hawes Shor(ridJ:;e Wagner of the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. HEBERT] on which the George Kean Simmons Wheeler. yeas and nays ha>e been ordered. The clerk will call the roll. So 1\Ir. liEBERT's amendment was r€'jected. The legislative clerk proceede

my vote. J ,butter. Therefore, removing the words " made in ilnitation '' The roll call was concluded. removes that feature from the law and places the packers who Mr. BROCK. I have a pair with the Senator from New Jer­ use the intestinal fat upon exactly the same basis as the people sey [Mr. KEAN]. I transfer that pair to the Senator from New who use vegetable oil or fish oil or any other fat in making Mexico [Mr. B&A'ITON] and will vote. I vote "yea." oleomargarine. · Mr. BLEASE (after having voted in the affirmative). I in- Mr. NORBECK. Mr. President, I ..do not know to what quire if the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. GoFF] has voted? extent I disagree with the Senator from Wisconsin· but I am The VICE PRESIDENT. That Senator has not voted. sure I do not entirely understand the effect of the a:mendment, 1\lr. BLEASE. Then I ask permi5sion to withdraw my vote. and I am afraid of trying to make ttefinitions on the floor here. Mr. FESS. I desire to announce the following general pail·s: I am sure of the fact that the amendment is aimed at a The Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. GRUNDY] with the Sena­ packer product. Perhaps what is proposed should be done· tor from Florida [Mr. FLETCHER]; but at least this is a product of the farms of South Dakota and The Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. MosEs] with the of Iowa and of Illinois and of Indiana and of Texas. One effect Se:cator from Utah [Mr. KING] ; of the amendment may be to put this substance on just the The Senator from Delaware [Mr. HASTINGS] with the Sena­ same basis as oil from the Tropics, .and I am not very anxious tor from Montana [Mr. WHEELER] ; to have that done. However, I might be perfectly -willing to The Senator from Iowa [Mr. BROoKHART] with the Senator vote for the amendment if I knew exactly what it meant. Not from New York [Mr. WAGNER]; knowing, I shall ha>e to vote against it. The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BINGHAM] with· the Sena­ Mr. CONNALLY. . Mr: President, I hope the Senate will not tor from Virginia [Mr. GLASS] ; and adopt this amendment. The Senator from Indiana [Mr. WATSON] with the Senator The Senator from Wisconsin makes the ·point that even if. the f1·om South Carolina [Mr. SMITH]. product in its natural method of production resembles butter The result was announce_d-yeas 28, nays 40, as follows: ,~·hellier there is any intent to defraud or any intent to deceiv~ YEAS-28 or not, it ought to be declared oleomargarine. That is the As hurst George Hayden Robinson, Ark. effect of his amendment. Baird Gill ett H ebert Sheppard The Senator makes no pretense that this product contains Black Goldsborough Heflin Simmons any deleterious substance. If it is made of vegetable oils or Brock Hale McKellar Trammell Broussard Harris .Metcalf Tydings animal fats with no artificial coloring, and if by chance it re­ Caraway Hatfield Overman Walcott sembles butter without any intention to make it resemble but­ Connally Hawes Phipps Walsh, Mass. ter, if in the natural course of events it looks like butter, the NAYS-40 Senator from Wisconsin wants to tax a useful, cheap food Allen Fess McMaster Robinsorr, Ind. product because he thinks that in some indirect w-ay that course BarkJey Frazier MeN ary Robsion, Ky. Blaine Greene Not·beck Schall will benefit the dairy people of his State. Borah Howell Norris St eck I want to see his dairy people prosperous; I want to see my Capper Johnson Nye Steiwer dairy people pro.sperous; but they ought not to want to prosper Couzens J ones Oddie Sullivan Cutting Kendrick Patterson 'I'homas, Idaho at the expense of other farmers who are laboring just as bard Dale Keyes Pine Tbomas, Okla. as they are, in the adjoining fields over in Iowa, producing the Deneen La Follette Pittman Walsh, Mont. cattle that are killed by the packers, and the fat of whose Dill McCulloch Ransdell Waterman bodies goes into making oleomargarine look like butter, or NOT VOTING-28 imitate butter, as the Senator says. Bingham Glenn King Stephens Blease Goff Moses Swanson It is not an artificial process. It is perfectly natural coloring Bmtton Gould Reed Townsend from the fat of cattle fed in the feed pens of Iowa and other Brookhart Gmndy Sbipstead Vandenberg corn States; and yet the effect of the Senator's amendment would Copeland Harrison Shortridge Wagner Fletcher Hastings Smith Watson be to penalize any product of which any part of that fat from Glass Kean Smoot Wheeler cattle is an ingredient. It is not fair; it is not just; it is not in So Mr. HEBERT's amendment to Mr. CoNNALLY's amendment keeping with the spirit of the law that has been on the books was rejected. since away back yonder in the eighties. · The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment If a food article has injurious substances in it, nobody objects of the Senator from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY]. to having it prohioited and having its sale penalized. Here, 1\lr. CONNALLY. I understood that the Senator from South however, is a product that is cheap, we will say. It is good Dakota accepted that amendment. to eat. Chemically, it is the same thing as the product which ·The VICE PRESIDENT. As far as he could. The question the Senator from Wisconsin ·is championing here to-day. Why is on the amendment. should -not a man be allowed to buy it and eat it if he wants to, The amendment was agreed to. so long as there is no fraud and no pretense? Mr. BLAINE. Mr. President, I offer the following amend­ Cane sugar and beet sugar, chemically, are identically the ment : On page 2, lines 10 and 11, strike out the words " made same, and yet one is cane sugar and one is beet sugar. The in imitation or" and insert the word "in," so that subdivision products are both sugar. The body responds to cane sugar (1) will read: just the same as it does to beet sugar. · The products under discussion, chemically, are exactly the 1n semblance of butter. same. They fill the same want. They supply the body with The YICE PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment the same character of fuel. They are made out of the same of the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. BLAINE]. natural product. Wh should one be penalized at the expense Mr. NORBECK. l\1r. President, I suggest that the Senator of another? One comes out of one part of the body of the cow from Wisconsin explain the effect of that amendment. in the form of milk ; the other comes out of the cow in another l\Ir. BLAINE. Mr. President, the effect of this amendment part of the body in the form of fat. The Senator wants to is to relieve the department, in the administration of the law, distinguish as to the particular portion of the anatomy of the from the necessity of determining whether or not imitation cow from which the product comes si:tp.ply because, I suppose, butter has been manufactured in semblance or in imitation of in Wisconsin, most of it comes out in the natural process of butter. · milking. In some States they probably have more of it in the In other words, under a decision of the supreme court of my locali~y where this particular fat is found. own State, the court has held that where the word "made" Mr. President, I hope the Senate will not adopt this amend• is used, it implies the conscious manufacture of an imitation ment. The Senator from South Dakota is not in sympathy in semblance of butter. Striking_ out the word "made" and with it. He does not want the amendment. The Senator from the other essential words following it, leaves the matter so Wisconsin has shown his zeal here sufficiently in the past .for that where this imitation butter is in fact semblance of butter, the dairy farmer. His position does not need any bolstering. it shall be subject to the tax withou_t ~tnY . determ~nation of the Let us use a little common sense about this thing. Let us 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9445 legislate a little while in behalf of the man who is going to need oil or f-at from the intestinal fat of old dairy cows. That is the this food, the man in town whose body requires fat. Let us exact point covered by this amendment. legislate a while in decency and in order. This bill in a practical Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, I think this a very unfair form has been the law for all these years. The Senator from amendment. In fact, I think the bill should be recommitted. South Dakota only wants to amend it in the particulars in I d() not believe a dozen Senators here understand just what is which this bill does amend it, and why depart now and go out on in this measure and just what effect the amendments would. a foray into Wisconsin and bring in the dail'y farmers and have. try to make a little capital here for consumption of a political The junior Senat()r from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY] used an character rather than the consumption of real food, which illustration which presents a very important matter in tbi eli - these products will provitle. cussion-the making of beet sugar and cane sugar. They look Mr. BLAINE. Mr. President, I want to make ·orne reference alike. We have just as much right to legislate against beet to the remarks of the junior Senator from Texas. I think he sugar resembling cane sugar as we have to legislate again t is somewhat confused on this matter. He seems to assume that these vegetable-oil products resembling butter. packers exb.·aet intestinal fats from all cattle and convert it Who would take the position that Congress should require into oleomargarine, and that fat being of the same chemical the beet-sugar producers to color their sugar so that it would substance as butter, he wants to know why we desire to tnx not look like cane sugar? That illustration by the Senator that sort of a product. from T~xas shows how utterly ridiculous some would have us Of course, that is not what takes place at all. The Senator become in legislating on this particular subject. is simply mistaken in his premise. If he we1·e correct in his The Senator from Wisconsin is undertaking to reach a prod­ tatement of the facts. his argument probably would be un­ uct which is not sold as butter, which is not called butter assailable, but that is not what is done. I am sure the when it is sold, and people who buy it are not buying it as Senator would never approve of meat packe1--s taking ho1·se butter. He would impose a tax on it. meat and putting it into a slab with a stl'eak of bacon, ~nd What would he do when he did that? He would make it then selling that sort of thing as bacon. I am sure- the Senator l1arder for the army of unemployed which we have roaming would never approve of that kind of a trade practice, and he the country to the extent of four or five million people. They would condemn it by law. are having a hard time to live, and if they want to go into a Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. P1·esident, will the Senator yield? restaurant where they can buy something which will satisfy Mr. BLAINE. In just a moment. Identically the same thing their hunger, with the meager means they have. why should they is done witb this intestinal fat from dairy cows. The packers not have the right to do that? Wby should the Senator from take a streak of that fat and combine it with other fats, pack­ Wisconsin want to impo. e a tax upon these product which ing-plant fat. Renovated grease, renovated tallow, renovated woul

rc\enue taxes for that pm·pose, then there is·no justification at UNITED STA'TES MARSHALS all except that we want to pl'efer the producer of one article George L. Mallory, of .Arkansas, to be United States marshal, in' this country over the proclnce1· of another article in this eastern district of .Arkansas. (He is now serving in this office country, one used by the richer, the better-to-do people, the · under an appointment expiring June 15, 1930.) other used by the poo1·er people of the country. 4J.bert C. Sittel, of California, to be United States marshal, Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. President, this is a very southern district of California. (He is now serving in this office impo1·tant question, and to the end that it may be thoroughly under an appointment which expired Aplil 20, 1930.) discussed, I w-ant to suggest the ab ence of a quorum. . Frank T. Newton, of Michigan, to be United States Marshal, Mr. HEFLIN. Just a moment. Did the Senator from North eastern district of Michigan. (He is now serving in this office Carolina conclude what he had to say? under an appointment expiling June 22, 1930.) · 1\Ir. SIMMONS. I did not. I . simply wanted to add that if Chester N. Leedom, of South Dakota, to be United States the Government launches into a program of imposing an in­ Marshal, district of South Dakota. (He is now serving in this ternal-revenue tax upon one product in order to protect a office under an appointment which expired March 5, 1930.) competing product, no man can tell where the end of that sort of legislation would take us: Taking it as a whole~ this one APPOINTMENTS IN THE .ARMY single, solitary instance of oppression in our taxing laws is the AIR CORPS most glaring, the most outstanding, the most outrageous ex­ To be second lie11.-tenants with rank from May 8~ 1980 emplification of tyranny that has ever been written by an Second Lieut. Robert Lyle Brookings, Air Corps Re.. erve. American Congress into the laws of the United States. Second Lieut. Maurice Milton Works, Air Corps Reserve. Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. Pt·esident, I thank the Senatqr. Now, Second Lieut. Ivan Morris Atterbury, Air Corps Reserve. just one more word. . Second Lieut. James McKinzie Thompson, Air Corps Reserve. • If this principle is followed out, the time will come wheu the Second Lieut. John 0. Schroeter, Air Corps Reserve. woolgrowers will seek to put some burden upon the cotton pro­ Second Lieut. Gerald Hoyle, Air Oorps Reserve. ducers and seek to have wool used instead of cotton; and per­ Second Lieut. Arthur Francis Merewether, .Air Corps Reserve. haps the cotton growers would unde1·take to do the same fo1· the Second Lieut. Jarred Vincent Crabb, .Air Corps Reserve. woolgrowers, the silk producers, the flax producei'S, and the Second Lieut. Tom William Scott, Air Corps Reserve. linen producers. If this principle is followed out, those who pro­ Second Lieut. Lawrence C. Westley, Air Corps Reserve. duce wheat '"'"ill seek to impose some penalty upon the producers Second Lieut. John Hubert Davie , Air Corps Reserve. of corn, and on down the line. It is a very dangerous principle Second Lieut. Anthony Quintus Mustoe, Air Corps Reserve. to be injected into this legislative body. Second Lieut. Douglas Thompson Mitchell, Air Corps Re- Mr. President, this measure must not pass "Without a thorough serve. consideration by this body. Second Lieut. Robert Kinnaird Giovannoli, Air Corps Re- Mt· ..iUcNARY rose. serve. Mr. HEFLIN. Does the Senator from Oregon desire to have Second Lieut. Clarence Edwal'd Enyart, Air Corps Reserve. rue yield to him? Second Lieut. Carl Harold Murray, Air Corps Reserve. Mr. McNARY. Does the Senator desire at this time to submit Second Lieut. Edwin William Rawlings, Air COl'PS Reserve. the propos.i,tion fo1· a final vote? Second Lieut. Julius Kahn Lacey, Air Corps Reserve. Mr. HEFLIN. No: I want to discuss this measure at le11gth, Second Lieut. Theodore Bernard Anderson, .Air Cmps Re- . because it i.<; 'a very bad bill. I will either yield to the Senator serve. from Oregon or to the Senator from Oklahoma. Second Lieut. George Frank McGuire, Air Corps Reserve. J\Ir. TRAMMELL. Mr. President, if the Senator will yield Second Lieut. Oliver Stanton Picher, Air Corps Reserve. for that PUl'POSe, I will suggest the absence of a quorum. Second Lieut. William Johnson Scott, Air COI'PS Reserve. The VIOE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator yield for that Second Lieut. Dyke Francis Meyer, Aid Corps Reserve. pm·po e? Second Lieut. Hugh Francis McCaffery, Air Corps Reser\e. Mr. McNARY. I thought the Senator had yielded to me. Second Lieut. Minthorne w·oolsey Reed, Air Corps Reserve. Mr. HEFLIN. I will do so, if the Senator from Florida will Second Lieut. 1\Iorley Frederick Slaght, Air Corps Reserve. withhold his sugge. tion of the absence of a quorum. Second Lieut. Roy Dale Butler, Air Co1·p Reserve. Mr. TRAMMELL. I will withhold it if the Senator from Second Lieut. Berkeley Everett Nelson, Air Corps Re erve. Oregon is going to make a motion for a recess or an adjournment. Second Lieut. Archibald Johnston Hanna, Air Corp. Reserve. , Mr. McNARY. I want further to inquir~ of the distinguished Second Lieut. Richard .August Grussendorf, Air Corps Re- Senator from Alabama whether he will conclude his remarks serve. within the next 35 or 40 minutes, and we may get a vote then? Second Lieut. John Hiett Ives, Air Corps Reserve. Mr. HEFLIN. I do not think so. I am in the humor of Second Lieut. Frederick Earl Calhoun, Air Corps Reserve. • peaking for about two hom·s. Second Lieut. Carl Ralph Feldrpann, Ail' Corps Reserve. Mr. McNARY. That would bring us up to about 7 o'clock. Does the Senator think we could get a vote at that time? MEIJIC.AL CORPS Mr. HEFLIN. No; I would not consent to a vote to-night. To be first lieutenant I think this bill ought to go over until Monday anyhow. First Lieut. Joseph Julius Hornisher, Medical Corps Reserve, Mr. McNARY. Under the Circumstances, it being very un­ with rank f1·om date of appointment. likely that we could develop a quorum to-night, I move that the PROMOTIONS IN THE ABMY unanimous-consent agreement heretofore made be carried out, To be colonels and that the Senate adjourn until Monday at 12 o'clock. The motion was agreed to; and the Senate (at 4 o'clock and Lieut. Col. Ira Franklin Fravel, Air Corps, from M~y 14, 55 minute p. m.), under the order previously made, adjourned 1930. . until Monday, May 26, 1930, at 12 o'clock meridian. Lieut. Col. James Alfred 1\Ioss, Field .Artillery, from May 16, 1930. Lieut. Col. Charles Frederick Leonard, Infantry, from May 20, NOMINATIONS 1930. E xccuti,;e nominations 1·eccit:ed by tll..e Senate May 23, 1930 Lieut. Col. Henry Clay Meniam, Coast Artillery Corps, from May 21, 1930. · CoNSUL GENERAL Lieut. Col. Robert Wilbur Collins,. Coa Nt Artillery Corps, from J. Klahr Huddle, of Ohio, · now a Foreign Service officer of May 21, 1930. class 2 and a consul, to be -a consul general of the United States To ae lieutettant colonels of America. · Maj. Jacob Earl Fickel, Air Corps, from May 14, 1930. JUDGE OF THE CoURT OF CLAIMS Maj. Jesse Wright Boyd, Infantry, from :uay 16, 1930. Richard S. Whaley, of South Carolina, to be a judge of the Maj. Ebenezer George Beuret, Infantry, from May 20, 1930. Court of Claims, to succeed Samuel J. Graham, resigned. Maj. Bruce La Mar Burch, Cavalry, from May 21, 1930. Maj. Rush Blodgett Lincoln, Air Corps, from May 21, :W30. UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS Raymond U. Smith, of New Hampshire, to be United States To be majors attorney, dishiet of New Hampshire. (He is now serving in this Capt. James Bowdoin Wise, jr\,. Cavalry, fom May 14, 1930. office under an appointment which expired April 13, 1930.) Capt. Henry Dqvis Ja.y, Field Artltlery, fi·om May 15, 1930. Olaf Eidem, of South Dakota, to be Unite<.I States attor.ney, Capt. Clarence Maxwell Culp,. Infantry, from May 16, 1930. district of South Dakota. (He is now serving in this office under Capt. Ray Lawrence Burnell, Field .Artillery, from May 19, an appointment expirillg May 11, 1930.) 1930. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR:Q-SEN. A.. TE 94.51 Capt. Raphael Saul Chavin, Ordnance Department, from May George A. Weishar to be postmaster at Hanford, Calif., in 20, 1930. place of G. A. Weishar. Incumbent'ti commission expired May Capt. John Lester Scott, Coast Artillery Corps, from Mar 21, 5, 1930. . 1930. George P. Lovejoy to be postmaster at Petaluma, Calif., in Cavt. Philip Shaw Wood, Infantr:r, from May 21, 1930. place of G. P. Lovejoy. Incumbent's commission expired March To be captains 14, 1929. Celine l\f. McCoy to be postmaster at Pismo Beach, CaLif., in l!'ir t Lieut. David Marsllall Ney Ros ·, Infantry, from May 14, place of C. 1\f. McCoy. Incumbent's commission expires June 1930. 30, 1930. Firl"t Lieut. Robert Battey McClure, Infantry, from May 15, Ed.na J. Keeran to be postmaster at Princeton, Calif., in place H•30. of E. J. Keeran. Incumbent's commission expired May 6, 1930. li'irst Lieut. Geoffrey Cooke Bunting, Coast Artillery Corps, JQhn A. Miller to be postmaster at Richmond, Calif., in place fwm May 1G, 1930. of J. N. Long, resigned. l!.,ir~t Lieut. Orion Lee Davidson, Infantry, from May 16, 1930. C. Lester Covalt to be po tmaster at San Anselmo, Calif., in First Lieut. Thomas Franci. Hickey, ll'ield Artillery, from place ~f C. L. Covalt. Incumbent's commission expired Decem­ Ma.'l· 19, Hl30. ber 21, 1929. l!'irst Lieut. Leander Larson, Quartermaster Corps, from May Frank P. Oakes to be postmast~r at Tehachapi, Calif., in place 20, 1930. of F. P. Oakes. Incumbent's commission expires June 19, 1930. First Lieut. Emmett l\1icbael Connor, Infantry, from May 21, Cynthia P. Griffith to be po tmaster at Wheatland, Calif., in 1930. place of C. P. Griffith. Incumbent's commis ion expires June First Lieut. Thomas Newton Stark, Infantry, from May 21, 3, 1930. 1!)30. COLORADO To be first Ueutemmts Arthur L. Pe~ry to be postmaster at Hotchkiss, Colo., in place Second Lieut. Thomas Adams Doxey, jr., Field Artillery, from of A. L. Perry. Incumbent's commission expires June 22, 1930. May 14, 1930. Jones C. Flint to be postmaster at Ignacio, Colo., in place of Second Lieut. William Donald Old, Air Corps, from May J. C. Flint. Incumbent's commission expires June 22, 1930. 1u, 1930. Annie Hurlburt to be postmaster at Norwood, Colo., in place Second Lieut. Grovener Cecil Charles, Infantry, from 1\lay 16, of Annie Hurlburt. Incumbent's commission expires June 30, 1930. 1930. Second Lieut. Andral Bratton, Field Artillery, from May 16, DELAWARE 1930. Elizabeth P. Clayton to be postmaster at New Castle, Del., in Second Lieut. Harold Mills Manderba~h. Field Artillery, from Ma:r 19, 1930. place of E. H. Naylor, decea ·ed. Second Lieut. James Regan, jr., Infantry, from May 20, 1930. FLORIDA Second Lieut. George Laurence Hoi inger, Field Artillery, Arthur W. Lawrence to be postmaster at Clewiston, Fla. ft·om May 21, 1930. Office became presidential July 1, 1927. Second Lieut. Harold Witte Uhrbrock, Infantry, from May 21, Edward N. Winslow to be postmaster at Cocoa, Fla., in place 1030. of E. N. Winslow. Incumbent's commission expired March 11, MEDICAL OORP S 1930. To be colon<:Jl-8 Thomas S. McNicol to be postmaster at Hollywood, Fla., in Lieut. Col. Leartns Jerauld Owe~, Medical Corps, from May place of T. S. McNicol. Incumbent's commission expired l\Iay 19. 1930. 17, 1930. Lieut. Col. Frank Watkins Weed, Medical Corps, from May Charles S. Williams to be postmaster at Key 'Vest, Fla., in 10, 1930. place of C. S. Williams. Incumbent's commi sion expired l\Iay Lieut. Col. William Anderson Wickline, Medical Corps, from 17, 1930. l\fay 19, 1930. Hattie M. Flagg to be postmaster at Lake Wales, Fla., in Lieut. Col. David Sturges Fairchild, jr., Medical Corps, from place of H. M. Flagg. Incumbent's commission expires May May 19, 1930. 29, 1930. . To be lieu,tenant colonels Mamie E. Barnes to be postmaster at Plant City, Fla., in place of 1\I. E. Barnes. Incumbent's commission expires May 1\Iaj. Harry Reber Beery, Medical Corps, from May 15, 1930. 26, 1930. 1\laj. Royal Reynolds, Medical Corps, from May 17, 1930. Ethel P. Summitt to be postmaster at. Shamrock, Fla. Office l\1aj. Ralph Godwin DeYoe, Medical Corp·, from May 20, 1930. became presidential October 1, 1929. POSTMASTERS Leland l\1. Chubb to be postmaster at Winter Park, l!.... la., in .ALABAMA place of L. M. Chubb. Incumbent's commisi:.ion expires May 26-, James W. Maddox to be postmaster at Elba, Ala., in place of 1930. J. W. Maddox. Incumbent's commission expires June 30, 1930. GEORGIA Thomas H. Stephens to be postmaster at Gadsden, Ala., jn · Maggie Edwards to be postmaster at Canton, Ga., in place of place of T. H. Stephens. Incumbent's commission expires June Maggie Edwards. Incumbent's commission expired January 15, 19, 1930. 1930. Alberta Alexander to be postmaster at Geneva, Ala., in place Jefferson B. Hatchett to be postmaster at Greenville, Ga., in of Alberta Alexander. Incumbent's commission expires June place of J. B. Hatchett. Incumbent's commission expires May 30. 1930. 25, 1930. Harvey P. Honk to be po ·tmaster at Gurley, Ala., in place Minnie M. Roberts to be postmaster at Pinehurst, Ga:, in place of H. P. Honk. Incumbent's commission expires June 30, 1930. of M. M. Robert . Incumbent's commission expires June· 28, Noah W. Platt to be postmaster at Headland, Ala., in place 1930. of N. W. Platt. Incumbent's commi sion expires June 19, 1930. Charles H. Travis to be postmaster at Senoia, Ga., in place of ALASKA C. H. 'l'ravis. Incumbent's commission expires May 25, 1930. William B. Allen to be postmaster at Talbotton, Ga., in place Emil 0. Bergman to be postma 'ter at Fort Yukon, Alaska in of E. R. Mathews. Incumbent's commission expired December place of E. 0. Bergman. Incumbent's commission expires June 14, 1929. 22, 1930. Lavonia L. Mathis to be postmaster at Warm Springs, Ga., in Elbert E. Blackmar to be postmaster at Ketchikan, Alaska jn place of L. L. Mathis. Incumbent's commission expired May 7, place of E. E. Blackmar. Incumbent's commission expired 1930. January. 8, 1930. Wilson S. Williams to be postmaster at Woodbury, Ga., in John W. Stedman to be postmaster at Wrangell, Alaska in place of W. S. Williams. Incumbent's commission expired May place of J. W. Stedman. Incumbent's commission expires May 7, 1930. 29, 1030. IDAHO CALIFOR~IA Adeline M. Santos to l>e postmaster at Centerville, Calif., in Rose J. Hamacher to be postma ter at Spirit Lake, Idaho, in place of A. .M. Santos. Incumbent'.· commi. sion expires June place of R. J. Hamacher. Incumbent's commission expired May ~W3Q . 3, 1930. Alice E. Schieck to be po. .· tmaster at Eldridge, CaUf., in place ILLI:SOIS crf A. El Schieck. Incumbent's commission expired May 12, Charles E. Olds to be postmaster at Albany, Ill., in place of· · ·· 1930. . C. E. Olds. Incumbent's comm-ission expires June 28, 1930. - 9452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-8EN ATE ~fAY 23 Ne,,·ton Arbaugh to be postma ter at Carmi, Ill., in place of Carroll M. Richard; on to be postmaster at Westbrook, Me., L. E. Ude, resigned. in place of C. M. Richardson. Incumbent's commiss:on expires Jacob H. HiH to be postmaster at Decatur, Ill., in place of June 30, 1930. J. H. Hill. Incumbent's commis ion expire. June 16, 1930. :MARYLA~D William L. McKenzie to be postmru:;ter at Elizabeth, Ill., in Allen l\1. Vanneman to be postmaster at Port Deposit, 1\ld., place of W. L. McKenzie. Incumbent's commission expires June in place of A. M. Vanneman. Incumbent's commission expires 30, 1930. June 19, 1930. Harlo F. Selby to be postmaster at Goluen, lll., in place of Charles W. Glasgow to be postmaster at Street, Md., in place H. F. Selby. Incumbent's commis ion expired May 18, 1930. of C. W. Glasgow. Incumbent's commi sion expire June 22, William L. Bauman to be postmaster at ·Iuka, lll., in place of 1930. W. L. Bauman. Incumbent's commission expired April 28, 1930. MASSACHUSETTS Mack Sparks to be postmaster at ~lattoon, Ill., in place of Euward L. Diamond to be po tma ter at Easthampton, Mas. . , Mack Sparks. Incumbent's commission expires June 16, 1930. in place of E. L. Diamond. Incumbent's commission expires Harold H. Hitzeman to be postmaster at Palatine, Ill., in place June 30 1930. . of H. H. Hitzeman. Incumbent's commission expired May 14, 2 M~not F. Inman to be po. tmaster at Foxboro, Ma s., in place 1930. of R. E. McKenzie, resign cl. John L. Thomas to be postmaster at Pleasant Hill, Ill., in place of J. L. Thoma. . Incumbent's commission expired May Richard C. Taft to be po tmaster at Oxford, l\lass., in place of R. C. '.raft. Incumbent's commission expires June 21, 1030. 14, 1930. Leonard Ott to be postmaster at Prophetstown, Ill., in place of M:ICHIGA~ Leonard Ott. Incumbent's commission expired May 18, 1930. Gordon L. Ander~on to be po tmaster at Armada, Mich., in Richard A. Full to be postmaster at Roanoke, Ill., in place of place of G. L. Anderson. Incumbent's commi sion expire' June R. A. Full. Incumbent's commission expired May 18, 1930. 23, 1930. Forrest E. Mattix to be po tmaster at St. Elmo, Ill., in place Albert W. Lee to be postmaster at Britton, Mich., in place of of F. E. Mattix. Incumbent' commission expired Decembe!.' 18, A. W. Lee. Incumbent's commis' ion expires June 23, 1930. 1929. MINNESOTA Elisabeth Widicus to be postmaster at St. Jacob, PI., in Cecn R. Campbell to be postmaster at Ellendale, Minn., in place of Elisabeth Widicus. Incumbent's commission expj res place of C. R. Campbell. · Incumbent's commission expired June 28, 1930. March 30, 1930. John E. Hughes to be postmaster at Toledo, Ill., in place of Emil Kukkola to be po tmaster at Finlayson, :Minn., in place J. E. Hughes. Incumbent's commission expires June 28, 1930. of Emil Kukkola. Incumbent's commi sion expires June 16, August Treu to be postmaster at Villa Park, Ill., in place of 1930. August Treu. Incumbent's commission expired December 18, Charley P. Fossey to be po tmaster at Lyle, Minn., in place 1929. of C. P. Fossey. Incumbent's commission expired April 15, Mancel Talcott to be postma::;ter at Waukegan, Ill., in place of 1930. Mancel Talcott. Incumbent's commission expire June 30, 1930. Henry E. Milbrath to be po tmaster at Pt·~ce ton, Minn., in INDIANA place of H. E. l\!ilbra tb. Incumbent's commission expired Ernest W. Showalter to be postmaster at Brookville, Ind., in February 28, 1929. place of E. W. Showalter. Incumbent's commission expired Hans C. Pedersen · to be postmaster at Ruthton, Minn., in May 17, 1930. place of H. C. Pedersen. Incumbent's commi sion expires June Charles F. Porter to be postmaster at Hagerstown, Ind., in 16, 1930. place of C. F. Porter. Incumbent's commission expired May 17, William M. Parker to be postmaster at Sauk Center, Minn., 1930. in place of J. A. Schoenhoff, resigned. Frank B. Husted to be postmaster at Liberty, Ind., in place of MISSISSIPPI E. B. Husted. Incumbent's commission expires 1\Iay 26, 1930. · Preston C. Lewis to be po ·tmaster at Aberdeen, l\lis ., in place Henry Suhre to be postmaster at Oldenburg, Ind., in place of . of P. C. Lewis. Incumbent's commission expired May 6, 1930. Henry Suhre. Incumbent's commission expired May 17, 1930. Herbert B. Miller to be postmaster at Gloster, Miss., in place IOWA of H. B. Miller. Incumbent's commission expires June 7, 1!>30. James P. Hulet to be postmaster at LeClaire, Iowa, in place Ray A. Whelan to be postmaster at Indianola, 1\Iiss., in 11lace of J. P. Hulet. Incumbent's commission expires June 30, 1930. . of W. T. Heslep. Incumbent's commission expired February 23, Helene F. Brinck to be postmaster at West Point, Iowa, in 1930. place of H. F. Brinck. Incumbent's commission expires June 23, Della A. Myers to be postmaster at Newhebron, Miss., in 1930. place of L. l\I. T. Rutleuge, removed. KANSAS MISSOURI Minnie Temple to be postmaster at Bennington, Kans., in Oral G. Brown to be postmaster at Fair Play, l\lo., in place place of Minnie Temple. Incumbent's commission expired May of 0. G. Brown. Incumbent's commis ion expired March 30, 10, 1930. 1930. Charles B. Doolittle to be postmaster at Centerville, Ke.ns., in Joseph Volle to be po tmaster at Harrisonville, Mo., in place place of C. B. Doolittle. Incumbent's commission eipires June of Joseph Volle. Incumbent's commission expired December 30, 1930. 22, 1929. LOUISIANA Edward Becker to be postmaster at Morrisville, Mo., in place Samuel J. Morris to be postmaster at Eunice, La., in place of of Edward Becker. Incumbent's commission exph·ed March S. J. Morris. Incumbent's commi sion expires June 19, 1930. 30, 1930. Louis P. Bourgeois to be postmaster at Gramercy, La., in Benjamin H. Cooksey to be postmaster at Walnut Grove, 1\Io., place of L. P. Bourgeois. Incumbent's commission expires June in place of 0. H. Barnstead. Incumbent's comrni sion expired 19, 1930. December 18, 1929. Viola l\1. McMillan to be postmru:;ter at Iota, La., in place of Herbert S. Dopple1· to be postmaster at Weston, Mo., in place V. 1\I. McMillan. Incumbent's commission expires June 10, 1930. of H. S. Doppler. Incumbent's commission expires June 16, Charles J. Slack to be postmaster at Maringouin, La.; in place 1930. of C. J. Slack. Incumbent's commis ion expired March 22, 1930. MONTANA Blaise A. Chappuis to be postmaster at Rayne, La., in place Jack Bennett to be postmaster at Plentywood, Mont., in place of B. A. Chappuis. Incumbent's commission expires June 19, of Jack Bennett. Incumbent's commission expires June 21, 1930. 1930. Eula M. Jones to be postmaster at Trout, La., in place of Rudolph P. Petersen to be po tmaster at Rudyard, Mont., in E. M. Jones. Incumbent's commission expires June 3, 1930. place of R. P. Petersen. Incumbent's commi sion expire June 21, 1930. MAINE NEBRASKA Ethel l\1. McAllister to be postmaster at Andover, l\Ie., in Oscar L. Lindgren to be postmaster at Bladen, Nebr., in place Illace of E. M. McAllister. Incumbent's commission expires of 0. L. Lindgren. Incumbent's commission expired May 12, June 16, 1930. 1930. Cynthia R. Clement to be postmaster at Seal Harbor, 1\Ie., Carl J. Rasmu sen to be postma ter at Elwood, Nebr., in in place of C. R. Clement. Incumbent's commission expires place of C. J. Rasmussen. Incumbent's commission expires June 8, 1930. June 19, 1930. 1930 CONGRESSION.._~L RECORD-SENATE 9453

1\lary E. Krisl to be postma ter at Milligan, Nebr., in place of OREGON J\I. E. Krisl. Incumbent' · commis::;ion expired April 5, 1930. Elizabeth E. Johnson to be postmaster at Gresham, Oreg., Floyd Buchanan to be po. tma ter at Silver Creek, Nebr., in in !)lace of E. E. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expired place of Floyd Buchanan. Incumbent's commission expires February 6, 1930. June 19, 1930. John N. Willial.IlSon to be postmaster at Prineville, Oreg., in C'\EYAD.A place of .J. N. Williamson. Incumbent's commission expired Coverton K. Ryerse to be postmaster at La · Yega ·, Nev., in Ma~· 18, 1930. place of R. B. Griffith, resigned. PENNSYLVANIA NEW JEltSEY Otllo H. Tavenner to be po tmaster at Berwyn, Pa., in place Nicllolas T. Ballentine to be postmaster at Peapack, N. J., in of 0. H. Ta,·enner. Incumbent's commh;:sion expires June 28, place of N. T. Ballentine. Incumbent's commi. .·ion expired May 1930. . J. Uichard Duncan to be postmaster at Heilw'ood, Pa.. in 5, 1930. R. Ro s E. Mattis to be postma ~ ter at Riverton, N. J., in place of ]llace of J. Duncan. Incumbent's commission expires June R. E. Mattis. Incumbent's commi;:;sion expires June 23, 1930. 22, 1930. Jennie :Madden to be po-tma8ter at Tuckahoe, N. J., in place John K. Ellis to be postmaste1· at Jeddo, Pa., in place of of Jennie l\1aclden. Incumbent's commi.,~ion expires June 30, J. K. Ellis. Incumbent's commission expired :March 6, 1930. Ada S. Hollinger to be postmaster Hanover, Pa., in place 1930. at NKW MEXICO of D. G. Hollinger, -decea eel. · Ira Allmon to be po tmaster at ~~stancia, N. 1\lex:., in place of PORTO RICO Ira Allmon. Incumbent's commis~:lion expire June 30, 1900. America R. de Graciani to be postmaster at Ensenada, Cassius G. Mason to be })Ostma~ter at Hagerman, :IS". 1\iex .. in P. H., in place of .A. H. de Graci ani. Incumbent' ' commi':;sion place of C. G: Mason. Incumbent'' commis!':ion expires June 21, expires .Tune 2, 1930. 1930. Rafael del Valle to be po · trna~ter at San Juan, P. R., in place Nora A. Keithly to be po. tmaster at Hot Springs, N. )Iex., in of Rafael del \alle. Incumbent's commission expired December place of N. A. Keithl,y. Incumbent's eommission expires l\Iay 16, J929. 29, 1930. RHODE ISLAND NEW YORK Henry L. Yager to be postmaster at Barrington, R. I., in Eugene Velsor to be po .. tmaster at Amityville, N. Y., in place place of n. L. Yager. Incumbent's ·commission expires June of Eugene Velsor. Incumbent's commi~·sion e::<..'])ire::; June 22, 22, 1930. 1930. SOUTH CAROLINA George ,V. Steele to be po. trua~ter at Brockport, N. Y., in Andrew L. Dickson to be postmaster at Calhom1 Falls, S. C., place of G. W. Steele. Incumbent'::; commi. sion expires June 10, in place of A. L. Dickson. Incumbent's commiEsion expires 1930. June 8, 1930. Howard A. :Mcl\Iurray to be postma.tE:'r at Deposit, N. Y., in Richard F. Smith to be postmaster at Clio, S. C., in place place of E. H. Axtell, resigned. of R. F. Smith. Incumbent's commission expires June 1, 1930. Fred S. Tripp to be postmaster at

VIRGINIA Robert L. Raymond to be postmaster at Campbellsport, Wis., Annie G. Davey to ·be postmastei· at Evington, Va., in place in place of William Mru·tin. Incumbent's commission exph·ed of A. G. Davey. Incumbent's commission expires Jrme 8, 1930. January 29, 1927. William W. Middleton to be po ·tmaster at :Mount Jackson, WYOMING . V1i., ·in place of W. W. Middleton. Incumbent's coinmission Forest H. Gtuney to be po tmaster at Buffalo, Wyo., in place expires June 30, 1930. of P . .A. Gatchell, jr., removed. Mollie H. Gettle to. be postmaster at Rustburg, Va., in place of 1\f. H. Gettle. Incumbent's commission expires June 8, 1930. Ernest a Cro haw to be postmaster at Stony Creek, Va., in HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place of E. H. Croshaw. Incumbent's commis ion expil;e June 30, 1930. FRIDAY, May £3, 1930 Frank L. Schofield to be postmaster at University of Rich­ The Hou e met at 12 o'clock noon. mond, Va., in place of F. L. Schofield. Incumbent's commission The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offerro expired l\fay 4, 1930. the following prayer: W .ASHTNGTON l\Io t Gracious Lord Gotl, bless us with quiet minds and subdue Tyrah D. Logsdon to be postmaster at Endicott, Wash., in restle s wills that hurry to and fro. Enable us to trust Thee place of T. D. Logsdon. Incumbent's commis ion expired J an­ where reason can not under ~ tand. Take the north wind out of uary 13, 1930. · our skies, and may we cheri h the fragrance and the beauty Walter J. Hunziker to be postmaster at Langley, Wash., in that drips for all. Look after the soil of our hearts; give it place of W. J. Hunziker. Incumbent's commission exph·es depth of pure love and llonest purpose. We thank Thee that June 21, 1930. no price is set on the laYish springtime. May it enrich our WEST VIRGINIA imaginations, our affections, and our chara~ters. He who loves Lydia P. Miller to be postmaster at Dorothy, W. Va., in 11lace the trees, the flowers, and the singing birds loves the Infinite of Etta Halstead. Incumbent resigned. Soul that radiates in stars and stirs in clods, that gilds the Clarence E. Brazeal to be postmaster at Maybeury, W. Va., clouds and greens the earth of May. Glory be to Thee, 0 Lord, in place of C. E. Brazeal. Incumbent's commi ·sion expires most high. Amen. June 30, 1930. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and Florence Bills to be postmaster at Williamstown, W. Va., in approved. place of Floi·ence Bill . Incumbent's commi ion expires June 30, 1930. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Mamie a Barr to be postmaster at Winfield, W. Va., in place A message from the Senate by :Mr. Craven, its principal clerk, of M. H. Barr. Incumbent's commission expired March 29, announced that the Senate had pas ed without amendment bills 1930. of the IIou e of the following titles : WISCONSIN H. R. 293. An act for the 1·elief of James Albert Couch, other­ wise known as Albert Couch ; Joseph Kuchenmeister to be postmaster at Almena, Wis., in H. R. 591. An act for the relief of Howard C. ll...,rink.; place of Joseph Kuchenmeister. Incumbent's commission ex- H. R.1198. An act to authorize the United States to be made pires June 21, 1930. · a party defendant in any suit or action which may be com­ Emma V. Clark to be postmaster at Black Earth, Wis., in menced by the State of Oregon in the United States District place of E. V. Clark. Incumbent's commi sion expires June Court for the District of Oregon, for the determination of the 19, 1930. title to all or any of the lands c.onstituting the beds of Malheur Alwin W. Kallies to be postmaster at Bonduel, Wi ., in place and Harney Lakes in Harney County, Oreg., and lands riparian of A. W. Kallies. Incumbent's commission expires June 19, thereto, and to all or any of the waters of said lakes and their 1930. tributalies, together with the right to control the use thereof, Charles V. Walker to be postmaster at Bruce, Wis., in place autho1izing all persons claiming to have an intere t in said of C. V. Walker. Incumbent's commission expires June 23, 1930. land, water, or the use thereof to be made parties or to inter­ . Emma Thompson to be postmaster at Deer Park, Wis., in vene in said suit or action, and conferring juri diction on the place of Emma Thompson. Incumbent's commission expires United States courts over such cause; June 19, 1930. H. R. 2152. An act to promote the agriculture of the United Raymond E. G. Schmidt to be postmaster at De Forest, Wis., States by expanding in the foreign field the service now ren­ in place of R. E. G. Schmidt. Incumbent's commission expires dered by the United States Department of Agriculture in ac· June 21, 1930. quiring and diffusing useful information regarding agriculture, Bert B. Powers to be postmaster at Fennimore, Wis., in place and for other purpo es ; of B. B. Power . Incumbent's commission expires June 19, 1930. H. R. 4293. An act to provide for a ferry and a highway near Henry E. Johnson to be postmaster at Frederic, Wis., in place the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal ; of H. E. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expires JliDe 19, H. R. 5259. An act to amend section 939 of the Revised 1930. Statutes; George S. Eklund to be postmaster at Gillett, Wis., in place H. R . 5262. An act to amend section 829 of the Revised of G. S. Eklund. Incumbent's commis ion expire June 23, 1930. Statutes of the United States; Charles E. Juza to be po tmaster at Haugen, Wis., in place H. R. 5266. An act to amend section 649 of the Revised of C. E. Juza. Incumbent's commission expires June 21, 1930. Statutes (sec. 773, title 28, U. S. C.); Peter 0. Virum to be postmaster at Junction City, Wis., in H. R. 5268. An act to amend section 1112 of the Code of Law place of P. 0. Virum. Incumbent's commission expires June 23, for. the District of Columbia; 1930. H. R. 6083. An act for the relief of Goldberg & Levkoff; William McMahon to be postmaster at L.anca ter, Wis.., in H. R. 6084.. An act to ratify the action of a local board of place of William McMahon. Incumbent' ~ commission expires sales control in respect of contracts between the United States June 21, 1930. and Goldberg & Levkoff; . H. R. 6151 . .An act to authorize the Secretar,v of War to as­ Laurence G. Clark to be po .~ tmaster at Middleton, Wis., in place of L. G. Clark. Incumbent's commission expires June 21, sume the care, custody, and control of the monument to the 1930. memory of the soldiers who fell in the Battle cf New Orleans, at Chalmette, La., and to maintain the monument and grounrt~ Harry V. Holden to be postmaster at Orfordville., Wis., in surrounding it; place of H. Y. Holden. Incumbent's commission expires June H. R. 7333. An act for the relief of Allen Nichols; 23, 1930. B. R. 88lH. An act for the relief of William Taylor Coburn ; Lewis W. Cattanach to be postmaster at Owen, Wis., in place H. R. 9154. An act to provide fo1· the construction of a reyet· of L. W. Cattanach. Incumbent's commiJ ion expireN June 23, ment wall at Fort Moultrie, S. C.; 1930. H. R. 9334. An act to provide for the study, investigation, and Frank H. Colburn to be po tmn ter at Shiocton, Wis.., in place suney, for commemorative purpo es, of the battle field of of F. H. Colburn. ·Incumbent' commission expires June 19, Saratoga, N. Y.; and 1930. H. R. 11703. An act granting the consent of Congress to the Maud E. John ton to be po tmaster at Spencer, Wis., in place city of Olean, N. Y., to con truct, maintain, and operate a free of M. E. Johnston. Incumbent's commission expires June 23, highway bridge acro!'>s the Allegheny River at or near Olean, 1930. N.Y.