Bathonian and (Middle ) dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs from Franz Josef Land, Arctic Soviet

MORTEN SMELROR

Smelror, M. 1987: Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic) dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs from Franz Josef Land, Arctic Soviet. Polar Research 5 n.s., 221-238. Well preserved dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch assemblages are recorded from Upper Bathonian and Callovian deposits on Northbrook Island, Franz Josef Land. More than 45 species have been identified. Two new species are proposed: Parvocysta bjaerkei sp. nov., and Meiourogonyaulax spongiosa sp. nov. The recorded marine microfloras are compared with assemblages reported from contemporaneous strata

Morten Smelror, Continental Shelf and Petroleum Technology Research Institute Ltd.. P. 0. Box 1883 Jarlesletta, N-7001 Trondheim, Norway; March 1987 (revised August 1987).

Franz Josef Land is a group of about 75 islands blages with time-equivalent assemblages recorded situated in the northeastern part of the Barents from the Svalbard archipelago in the western Sea (Fig. 1). Geologically the group bears a close Barents Sea region. relation to eastern Svalbard, whereas it is distinctly different from Novaya Zemlya. The samples included in this study are from North- The Jurassic strata of Northbrook brook Island, one of the southernmost islands Island within the archipelago. Jurassic and Early palynomorph The Jurassic deposits are chiefly situated in the assemblages have been recorded from Franz Josef southern part of the Franz Josef Land group. A Land by Romanovskaya (in Dibner & Shulgina stratigraphic survey of the marine Middle and 1960) and Smelror (1986). Romanovskaya Upper Jurassic deposits in Franz Josef Land was described assemblages characterized by high given by Dibner & Shulgina (1960). At Cape abundance of conifer pollen and large quantities Flora on Northbrook Island the Middle Jurassic of Bennetittalean and Ginkgophytes pollen from strata reach a maximum thickness of 157111. A argillaceous rocks containing Arcficoceras sp. sketch of the Cape Flora section was published (Mucrocephdites sp.). Only the spore-pollen already in 1900 by F. Nansen (Fig. 2). However, composition of these Middle Jurassic deposits on Dibner & Shulgina (1960) argued that some of Hocker Island were listed, and no marine paly- the fossils of the Nansen collection from Cape nomorphs were mentioned. Smelror (1986) listed Flora were misidentified by Pompeckj (1900), 41 species of dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs, and consequently that the proposed ages for the pollen, and spores contained in six samples from strata were erroneous. Cape Flora and Windy Gully on Northbrook On Cape Flora, Upper Aalenian and Bathonian Island. However, this study had no stratigraphic deposits rest with small angular unconforrnity on control of the Jurassic erratic samples which the continental arenaceous sediments of Lower Jur- author suggested were of Callovian and possibly assic age (Dibner & Shulgina 1960). The light- Lower Oxfordian age. The objectives of the grey Aalenian alearolites and aleuropelites show present study have been to elucidate more data a visible thickness of 3 m. Apparently resting concerning the marine microflora (partly immediately on these deposits is soft clay with recovered from well-dated strata) from the Late nodules of sandy mark exposed at an interval 7- Middle Jurassic of Franz Josef Land, and to com- 10 m above sea level (Nansen 1900; Dibner & pare the dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch assem- Shulgina 1960). From these deposits a fossil fauna 222 Morten Smelror

Fig. i. Map of the Barcnt, Sca Region. Location of Northbrook Idand within the Franr Josef Land archipelagu is indlcated by arrow

Fig. 2. Sketch of the Cape Flora section. I. Thin alternating strata of band with black car- boniferous seams. ?. Lower- \ - 350m most fossiliferous horizon of soft clay with nodules of sandy 7 -?Z-l marl. 3. Middle fossiliferous 6 horizon of soft stratified clay with hands of phosphatic and calcareous nodules. 4. Upper -ZJJm fossiliferous horizon of soft

C clay. with hand of nodules of clav-sandstone. 5. Horizon of soft clay. 6 and 7. Plant-hearing beds of shale and sandstone between hcds of shale and sand- \ stone between the successive Bathonian and Callovian dinoflagellate cysts 223

containing Lingula beani, Discina reflexa, together with Pseudocadoceras nanseni, are more Oxytoma (Pseudomonotis) jacksoni, and Hibol- likely to indicate an early Upper Callovian age. ites (Belemnites) cf. beyrichi is recorded. Pom- Just beneath the lowermost basalt, Nansen peckj (1900) suggested a Lower age for (1900) recognized two thin non-fossiliferous bands this unit, but Dibner & Shulgina (1960) argued of black shale. A specimen of the Upper Callovian that since these listed fossils occur together with ammonite Quenstediceras Iamberti was found Aalenian species, these forms should be classed enclosed in the basalt. and a specimen of Quen- as Aalenian. steakeras uertumnum was found in the scree close From about 10 to 113m the section at Cape to the uppermost sedimentary layers and the Flora IS covered by scree, but the succeeding 24 m basalt covering them (Nansen 1900). consist of soft, stratified horizontal clays packed According to Newton & Teal1 (1897), the Jur- with phosphoritic concretions and calcareous nod- assic strata found at Cape Gertrude, 34km east ules. The concretions contain fossil faunas con- of Cape Flora, show great similarities to those at sisting basically of bivalves and, to a lesser degree, Cape Flora, even though some more sandy beds ammonites and belemnites. Unidentifiable plant occur (Horn 1932). Windy Gully is located remains also occur. Among the fauna recorded between Cape Flora and Cape Gertrude, but G. from this unit, Pompeckj (1900) identified Macro- Horn who collected the examined material from cephalites kaettlitzi, M. ishamea var. arctica, M. Windy Gully gave no descriptions of the sedi- pila, Cadoceras frearsi, Cadoceras sp., and Bel- mentary strata in that area. emnites sp. According to Pompeckj, these fossils date the clays as Lower Callovian. Later these fossils were reexamined by Spath (1932), who Material and methods placed the ammonites described as Macro- cephalites within the Bathonian genus Arcto- The samples investigated in the present study are cephalites, and also questioned the identification from Cape Flora and Windy Gully on Northbrook of the ammonites described as Cadoceras by Pom- Island. The samples from Cape Flora were col- peckj (1900). According to Spath (1947), the lected by Dr. F. Nansen in 1896 at the end of the genus Arctocephalites is characteristic of the Norwegian North Polar Expedition 1893-96. The Upper Bathonian, while Arkell (1956) regarded samples from Windy Gully were collected by G. both Arctoceplzalites and Cranocephalites as Horn during the Norwegian Expedition to Franz Lower Callovian forms. However, the definition Josef Land in 1930. All samples were later of Arctocephalites as distinctly Upper Bathonian deposited in the collections of Paleontologisk seems to be widely accepted (Dibner & Shulgina Museum, Oslo. Details of stratigraphic levels and 1960; Smith et al. 1976), and the described inter- proposed ages of the samples investigated are val from 113-137 m above sea level at Cape Flora given in Table 1. is here regarded as Upper Bathonian. The samples were prepared by standard tech- The next mappable sedimentary strata are seen niques (see Barss & Williams 1973) at IKU in at a height of 15tL172m a.s.l., above the scree Trondheim. Slides with the figured specimens are that has covered the Bathonian deposits. Here kept in the collections of Paleontologisk Museum, clays are exposed with numerous structures of the Oslo. ‘cone-in-cone’ variety and intercalations of large arenaceous concretions (Nansen 1900; Dibner & Shulgina 1960). From these beds, Pompeckj Dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch (1900) identified the bivalves Pseudomonotis cf. ornata, Pecten lindstroemi, Pecten cf. demissens, assemblages Lima cf. duplicata, Leda cf. nuda, and the All processed samples yielded well preserved ammonites Cadoceras tschefkini, Cadoceras sten- palynomorphs. In general, terrestrially derived oloburn, Pseudocadoceras nanseni, Cylindro- palynomorphs are the most common, exczpt in teuthis subextensa and Pachyteuthis panderi. the samples CF-2 and CF-U from Cape Flora, This fauna was placed in the Middle Cal- where dinoflagellate cysts dominate the total lovian by Pompeckj (1900). but V. I. Bodylyevsky microflora. The number of marine species rec- (Dibner & Shulgina 1960, p. 73) later suggested orded in each sample varies from between 15 and that species assignable to the genus Cadoceras, 32, except in the uppermost sample WG-3 from 224 Morten Smelror

Table I. Stratigraphic levels and proposed ages of the investigated samples.

Proposed ages Sample Locality Macrofossil assemblage Pornpeckj 1900 Dibner & Shulgina 1960 This study

WG1 Windy Gully. 99 rn Upper Bathonian WGZ Windy Gully. 151 rn Upper Bathonian WG? Windy Gully. 165 rn Callovian CFI Cape Flora, 130 rn Arcrocephalires kaerflirzi Lower Upper Upper A. pilaeformis Callovian Bathonian Bathonian CF2 Cape Flora. 135 m A. ellepricur CF3 Cape Flora. 168 rn Cadocerm rrchefhirti Middle Early Upper Early Upper Cadoceras stenolobum Callovian Callovian Callovian Pseudocadoreras nanseni CFC' Cape Flora. crratic Early Upper Callovian

Windy Gully, which yielded only three dino- samples. terrestrial palynomorphs are the most flagellate cyst species and two species of abundant elements in the early Upper Callovian acritarchs. A list of the marine microplankton sample CF-3, while sample CF-U is characterized taxa recorded is shown in Table 2. by a dominance of marine species. The most prominent marine taxa in sample CF-3 are Mei- ourogonyaitlax spp. together with Lithodina spp. Upper Bathonian assemblages (12% of the total microflora). Chlamydophorella The Upper Bathonian samples yielded mod- sp. A,,Nannoceratopsis pellucida, and Valensiella erately rich assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts ooula (each representing approximately 5%). and acritarchs. with 15 to 20 taxa being observed. Sample CF-U is characterized by a high abun- The most common dinoflagellate cyst taxa in the dance of Meiourogonyaulax spp. (35%) and Sir- two samples WG-1 and WG-2 from Windy Gully miodinium grossii (15%). Chlarnydophorella sp. and sample CF-1 from Cape Flora are Sirtnio- A and Valensiella spp. represent approximately dinium grossii (1@15Cr, of the total microflora). 5% each of the total microflora assemblage in Sentusidinium spp. (5-1096) and Escharisphaer- sample CF-U, while the remaining recorded idia spp. (5-10%). Pluriarualiutn osrningtonense species are less abundant. and Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides are also rela- The uppermost sample investigated from tively common (approximately 5% of jhe total Windy Gully, WG-3, is dominated by spores microflora), while each of the remaining species of including Laeuigalosporiles sp., Exesipollenites marine organic-walled microplankton represents tumulus, and Sphaeripollenites subgranulatus. less than 4%. In sample CF-2 from Cape Flora, The only recorded marine species are the dino- Chlamydophorella sp. A and Pluriarvalium flagellate cysts Ellipsoidictyum cinctum, Esch- osmingtonense are most abundant (approximately arisphaeridia pocockii, Valensiella ovula, the 18?6), while Ctenidodinium spp. and Chytroei- acritarchs Micrhystridium sp., and the pra- sphaeridia chytroeides are present in significant sinophycean algae Pterosperrnopsis sp.. which are amounts (9 and 7% of the total microflora). The present in low numbers. remaining taxa, including Sirmiodinium grossii, Escharisphaeridia spp. and Pareodinia spp. are more subordinate. each representing less than 5%. Biostratigraphy Dinoflagellate cyst zonation schemes covering the Upper Bathonian-Callovian of the Canadian Arc- Calloiiian msem blages tic have been published by Johnson & Hills (1973) The Callovian asemblages recorded from Cape and Davies (1983). offshore southeast Canada Rora are more diverse than the assemblages regis- by Williams (1977), and northwest Europe by tered from the Upper Bathonian strata, with 29 Herngreen & de Boer (1978), Sarjeant (1979), species observed in sample CF-3 and 32 in erratic Riley & Fenton (1982). and Woollam & Riding sample CF-U. As for the Upper Bathonian (1983). The most detailed zonation schemes are Bathonian and Callovian dinoflagellate cysts 225

Table 2. List and numerical distribution of the recorded dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs.

Samples Windy Gully Cape Flora Taxon WG1 WG2 WG3 CF1 CF2 CF3 CFU

Ambonosphaera callouiana Fensome 1979 23 Caddarphaera halosa (Filatoff) Fenton et al. 1980 68 5434 Carsiculosphaeridia dictydia (Sarjeant) Riley & Fenton 1982 12 111 Chlamydophorella sp. A of Davies 1983 5 3s 9 11 Chyfroeisphaeridiachyfroeides (Sarjeant) Downie & Sarjeant 1965 10 11 10 15 4 Cfenidodinium continuum Gocht 1970 622 Ctenidodinium ornatum (Eisenack) Deflandre 1938 11 3 3 Cymatiosphaera spp. 23 1 11 Diacanthum filapicafum (Gocht) Stover & Evitt 1978 1 1 1 Ellipsoidictyum cinctum Klernent 1960 2 1 4 Escharisphaeridia pocockii (Sarjeant) Erkmen & Sarjeant 1980 11 14 2 17 31 Escharisphaeridia sp. of Riding et al. 1985 4 6 12 Fromea tornatilis (Drugg) Lentin & Williams 1981 223 Gonyaulacysra jurmsica (Deflandre) Norris & Sarjeant 1965 23 Gonyaulacysta jurmsica var. longicornis (Deflandre) Gitmez 1970 1 Hysfrichogonyaulax cladophora (Deflandre) Stover & Evitt 1978 3 Jansonia jurassica Pocock 1972 2 Leiofusa prmsica Cookson & Eisenack 1958 11 Kylindrocysfa spinosa Fenton et al. 1980 21 3 Lirhodinia jurmsica Eisenack 1935 334 Meiourogonyaulax cf. callomonii Sarjeant 1972 11 Meiourogonyaulax deflandrei Sarjeant 1968 2 Meiourogonyaulax spongiosa sp. nov. 23 67 Meiourogonyaulax ualensii Sarjeant 1966 29 Micrhysfridium spp. 242 5341 Nannoceratopsis pellucida Deflandre 1938 5 3 3 11 12 Paragonyaulacysta callouiense Johnson & Hills 1973 22 Pareodinia alaskensis Wiggins 1975 3 2 Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre 1947 23 4 1 Pareodinia brachy fhelis Fensome 1979 2 Pluriarualium osmingtonense Sarjeant 1962 9 12 36 3 2 Paruocysta bjaerkei sp. nov. 3s 43 Pterospermopsis spp. 1 1 3 Scriniocarsis dictyotus (Cookson & Eisenack) Beju 1971 2 Scriniocassis pirum (Gitmez) Davies 1983 1 1 Sentusidinium baculatum (Dodekova) Sarjeant & Stover 1978 Sentusidinium pelionense Fensome 1979 11 15 18 Sentusidinium pilosum (Ehrenberg) Sarjeant & Stover 1978 1 Sentusidinium sp. B of Fensome 1979 1 Sirmodinium grossii AIberti 1961 22 32 21 5 3 3s Susadinium? sp. A 1 TubotubereNa eisenackii (Deflandre) Stover & Evitt 1978 22 Tubotuberella cf. whatleyi (Sarjeant) Stover & Evitt 1978 I Valensiella ampulla Gocht 1970 31 Valensiella ouula (Deflandre) Eisenack 1963 2 3 10 13 Veryhachium spp. 2 11 --_- Bisaccates 89 71 5 76 21 90 20 --_- Other pollen + spores 13 21 42 32 68 34 18

those of Riley & Fenton (1982) and Woollam & ided the Callovian and Oxfordian of north-west Riding (1983), who correlated the boundaries of Europe into four zones and five subzones. while their dinoflagellate cyst zones with the boreal Woollam & Riding (1983) proposed six zones and ammonite zonations. Riley & Fenton (1982) div- nine subzones for the Bathonian. Callovian, and 226 Morten Smelror

Oxfordian Stages. It is clear that none of the used to define the boundaries of these zones have existing zonation schemes can be used precisely not been observed from Franz Josef Land. As within the Barents Sea Region. but some rough seen in the Co/Ccn and Wt zones of the British correlations with the British Jurassic are discussed Jurassic, the Callovian assemblages from Franz here. Josef Land are more diverse than those in the Ccb/Cs zone below. In addition to Ctenidodinium The Late Bathonian assern blages ornatum and C. continuum, important taxa The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages recorded known from this interval both in England and from the Cape Flora samples CF-1 and CF-2, and Franz Josef Land include Hystrichogonyaulax cla- the Windy Gully samples WG-1 and WG-2, can dophora, Conyaulacysta jurassica, Lithodinia be correlated with the Ctenidodinium combazii- jurassica, and Tubotuberella spp. Ctenidodinium sellwoodii (Ccb/Cs) Zone of The macrofauna suggests that the deposits from Woollam & Riding (1983). The age of this zone 150-172 m a.s.1. at Cape Flora are of early Upper is Bathonian to early Callovian. The presence of Callovian age. The presence of Ambonosphaera Sirrniodinium grossii in the samples listed above callooiana suggests that the samples CF-3 (168 m) indicates that the recorded assemblages can be and CF-U (erratic) are of pre-Lamberti ammonite placed within the Ccb/Cs subzone B. which is Zone age (according to the range reported by dated as Late Bathonian (middle Discus ammon- Berger (1986) for this species). This assumption is ite zone) to early Callovian (middle Macro- further supported by the absence of Acanfhaulax cephalus zone). This correlation of the beds at senta, a species known from the Athleta Zone to 130-135 m a.s.1. at Cape Flora, and 99-151 m the Densiplicatum Zone of the British Jurassic, a.s.1. at Windy Gully. is in agreement with the and which is known to be abundant in Svalbard earlier proposed age based on the macrofauna (Bjaerke 1980; Smelror 1988). Thus, the samples (Table 1). CF-3 and CF-U from Cape Flora can probably be Taxa known both from the Late Bathonian correlated with the Wanaea thysanota subzone A dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from Franz Josef of Woollam & Riding (1983), i.e. the Athleta Land and from the Ccb/C‘s Zone of the British ammonite zone. Jurassic include Diacanthum filapicatum, Cten- idodinium continuum, C. ornatum, Chytroei- Comparisons with Bathonian- sphaeridia chytroeides, Escharisphaeridia spp., Callovian microfloras from Svalbard Kylindrocysta spinosa, Nannoceratopsk pellu- cida, Pareodinia ceratophora, Sentusidinium In Svalbard, marine microplankton assemblages spp.. and representatives of the Ellipsoidictyum- comparable with the Bathonian and Callovian Valensiella complex. However. the key species assemblages from Franz Josef Land have been Cteniododinium combazii and Cteniododinium reported from Kong Karls Land (Bjarke 1977; sellwoodii. which dominate within the Ccb/Cs Thusu 1978; Smelror 1988) and from central Spits- Zone in England. have so far not been recorded bergen (Bjarke 1980). from Franz Josef Land. Data from Kong Karls In Kong Karls Land Bjzrke (1977) recognized Land (Bjarke 1977; Smelror 1988) and Spits- ‘Association’ D of Callovian age within the lower bergen (Bjarke 1980) seem to indicate that these part of the Retziusfjellet Member of the Janus- species are very rare within the Barents Sea fjellet Formation. Characteristic species of Region. Bjarke’s ‘Association’ D also recorded from Franz Josef Land include: Tubotuberella eisen- The curly Upper Callovian assemblages ackii, Nannoceratopsis pellucida, Sirmiodinium The samples CF-3 and CF-U from Cape Flora grossii, Fromea tornatilis, Hystrichogonyaulax contain rich and diverse distinct Callovian dino- cladophora, Conyaulacysta jurassica, Chytro- flagellate cyst assemblages. but based on the paly- eisphaeridia chytroeides, and Pareodinia nological data alone it is difficult to give more ceratophora. precise correlations. Several of the species re- In his stratigraphic paper on Aptian to Toarcian corded are well-known from the Ctenidodinium dinoflagellate cysts from Arctic Norway. Thusu ornatum-Ctenidodinium continuum (Co/Ccn) (1978) listed several species recognized within the Zone and the Wanuea thysanota (Wt) Zone of Franz Josef Land assemblages. However, only Woollam & Riding (1983), but the key species two samples from Upper Bathonian-Callovian Bathonian and Callovian dinoflagellate cysts 227 deposits of the Retziusfjellet Member were soidictyum, Pluriarvalium, and Ctenidodinium. included in his study. A more detailed paly- The Assemblage Zone 1, which was recognized nological study of the Middle Jurassic of Kong within the lower few metres at Knorringfjellet Karls Land was carried out by Smelror (1988) and Festningen, was regarded as uppermost Bath- who outlined the distribution of 79 dinoflagellate onian or Lower Callovian by Bjaerke (1980). This cyst and acritarch taxa through the Hirfagre- author further defined an Assemblage Zone 2 haugen section on Kongsaya. Excluding Kylindro- characterized by Acanthaulax senta, Stephane- cysta spinosa and Leiofusa jurassica, all of the lytron redcliffnse, Lithodinia jurassica, Tubotu- species recognized from the Upper Bathonian berella dangeardii, and Wanaea sp. Zone 2, which of Franz Josef Land were also recorded from covers a 20-40 m thick interval immediately above contemporaneous strata in Kong Karls Land. As Zone 1, was regarded as Middle or Upper Cal- observed within the Upper Bathonian samples lovian age. from Franz Josef Land, Sentusidinium spp., Esch- Bjaerke (1980) suggested that the Assemblage arisphaeridia spp., and Sirmiodinium grossii are Zone 1 of the Agardhfjellet Member in central the most common taxa within the Upper Spitsbergen may be correlated with his 'Associ- Bathonian to lowermost Callovian part of the ation D' defined in Kong Karls Land. Several of Retziusfjellet Member on Kongsoya, Kong Karls the species listed from Zone 1 of the Agardhfjellet Land. Member by Bjzrke (1980) are classified within Several of the species recorded from the early open nomenclature, and it is not possible to give Upper Callovian assemblages from Franz Josef detailed comparisons. None of the species show Land are also present within the Callovian strata equivalent restricted occurrence on both Spits- of Kong Karls Land. Most of these species are bergen and in Franz Josef Land. forms occurring below and/or above the early The presence of Acanthaulax senfa within Zone Upper Callovian interval on Kongsoya (Smelror 2 of the Agardhfjellet Member indicates that 1988). Species exclusively known from the these assemblages are slightly younger than the Callovian of both areas are Ambonosphaera cal- early Upper Callovian assemblages recorded loviana, Paragonyaulacysta callouiense, Hystri- from Franz Josef Land. Acanthaulax senta is chogonyaulax cladophora, Tubotuberella eke- known to have its earliest occurrence within the nackii, and Valensiella ovula. The three latter Late Callovian Lanzberti zone within the English species are known from pre-Callovian strata else- Jurassic (Woollam & Riding 1983), although it where in northwest Europe. may first appear within the underlying Athleta The frequency distribution of the various dino- zone in East Greenland (Piasecki 1980; Poulsen flagellate cyst taxa does not show directly equiv- 1985). Several of the species known from the alent patterns within the time-equivalent Upper Bathonian and early Upper Callovian assemblages from Franz Josef Land and Kong assemblages of Franz Josef Land and from Zone Karls Land, although there are some similarities. 1 of the Agardhfjellet Member, also occur within Most prominent taxa within the Callovian Franz Zone 2 of the Agardhfjellet Member, and are Josef Land assemblages are Chlaniydophorella thus of limited use in correlations. Additional spp.. Sentusidinium spp., Escharisphaeridia spp., data are needed to give more detailed Pareodirzia spp., and Sirmiodiniurn grossi. How- comparisons. ever, the genera Meiourogonyaulax, Lithodina, and Valensiella, which are most common within Systematic palynology the Franz Josef Land assemblages, are repre- Class Dinophyceae Fritsch 1929 sented by relatively fewer specimens within the Order Peridiniales Haeckel 1894 early Upper Callovian microfloras recorded from Kong Karls Land. Genus Paruocysta Bjaerke 1980 In central Spitsbergen, Bjaerke (1980) recog- Type species: Parvocysta bullula Bjaerke nized three assemblage zones within the 1980 Agardhfjellet Member of the Janusfjellet For- Parvocysta bjaerkei sp. nov. Figs. 4G, 8C & mation. His Zone 1 was characterized by Nanno- D, Text-fig. 9 (see p. 237) ceratopsis pellucida, Tubotuberella eisenackii, Gonyaulacysta jurassica var. longicornis, and sev- Description.- Dinoflagellate cysts basically eral species of the genera Pareodinia, Ellip- subpentagonal in outline, with a more or less 228 Morten Smelror

\- I I:

Fig. 3. Meiourogonyuiht spunglow 'p. nov. (scale har = 10 vm). Schematic line drawings labellcd in the terms of the Taylor-Evitt notation \!.\tun (see Evitt 1985)

Fig. 4. Upper Bathonian and early Upper Callovian dinoflagellate cysts and acritarehs from Franz Josef Land

A-C: Ambonosphaeru callooiuna Fensome 1979. A & B: CF-U. F57/1. PA4386. Length 32 pm.C: CF-3, SEM CF-3 (1). Length 34 pm.

D & E: Chddusphuero huho (Filatoff) Fenton et al. 19811. D: WG-2 (B). A47/1. PA43X7. Total width 60pm. E: SEM CF-3 (1). Width central body 28 pn.

F: Eschurisphuerrdiu pocockii (Sarjeant) Erkmen & Sarjcant 19x0. CF-I. MS2/4. PA4392. Width 50 pm G: Puroocysru bperkei sp. no\'. SEM CF-3 (11). Width 45 pm. H: Micrhysrridiurn sp. SEM CF-3 (I). Width central body 301im

I: Sirrrirodiniurn gro~sirAlherti 1961. CF-U. F57/1, PA438h. Width 51 Iim. J: Nurrrioceraropir pe//ucidu Deflandre 1938. SEM CF-3 (I). Length 65 pm. K: Gonyaulucvsru jurasicu (DeRandre) Norris & Sarjeant 1965. SEM CF-3 (1). Length 55 pm. L: cf. Tuboruberello eisenackii (DeRandre) Stover & Evitt lY78. SEM CF-3 (I). Length 60 pm. Bathonian and Callovian dinoflagellate cysts 229 230 Morten Smelror narrow paracingular region. A prominent apical stratigraphic top of these species. However, Smel- horn and two precingular and two postcingular ror (1988) reported Paruocysta bjaerkei sp. nov. horn-like processes in lateral positions are in both Toarcian deposits and strata ranging from present. Each of the lateral horns has a main Late Bathonian to Early Oxfordian in Kong Karls branch and 3 to S fingerlike branches, sometimes Land. The consistent distribution of this species with bifurcate distal tips. The cyst wall is single throughout the Early and Middle Callovian layered, smooth, sometimes with scattered short deposits on Kongs~ya(Kong Karls Land) suggests spines in the apical and antapical areas. The arch- that reworking is unlikely. In addition, this species eopyle appears to be intercalary. but the exact also occurs in Lower Callovian dinoflagellate cyst outline is not known. assemblages from eastern England and within the Callovian offshore mid-Norway (pers. Hofoqpe. - SEM CF-3 (11), Figure JG observation).

Dimensions. - Length including apical horn 3% Genus Meiourogonyaulax Sarjeant in Davey 54 pm. length of lateral processes 13-32 pm (15 et 1966 specimens measured). Type species: Meiourogonyaulax oalensii Sarjeant in Davey et al. 1966 Derir>ation name. - Named in honour of T. Bjzrke. Meiourogoriyaulax sporlgiosa sp. nov. Figs. 5A-F, Text-fig. 3 Type straritm and locality. - Early Upper Cal- lovian strata. lh8m a.s.1.. Cape Flora. North- Descripfion- Dinoflagellate cysts subspherical brook Island. in outline. Autophragm is thick, spongy. The ornamentation appears irregular and variously Occurrence. - Northbronk Island. Cape Flora. developed. sometimes as a low reticulum or as samples CF-7 and CF-3. Windy Gully. samples more or less fossulate or even foveolate. A gon- WG-1 and WG-2. yaulacoid paratabulation is indicated by para- sutural lines ranging from roughened to ir- Remarks. - Parrvcystn bjaerkei sp. nov. was first regularly punctatoreticulate. The archeopyle described under open nomenclature as Paruo- appears to be composed of four apical paraplates. cysra sp. B from the Toarcian of Spitsbergen by and is probably of type (4A). Bjzrke (1980). Earlier. Bjzrke (1977) recorded There are six precingular paraplates. The num- this species as Sp. Indet. (PI. 10. Fig. 5) in his ber of paracingular plates are not known. The 'Association' D of Callovian age from Kong Karls parasulcus is expressed as a relatively deep and Land. According to Haq et al. (1987. Fig.), rep- broad sinerous depression. The parasulcal tabu- resentatives of the Paruocysta-complex became lation pattern is not known. Including the Iu, extinct within the Aalenian. while Woollam & which rarely is clearly expressed, six postcingular Riding (1983) regard the Early Bajocian as the paraplates are present. A posterior intercalary

Fig. 5 LIPioirr~,Ro,i~itri/fi.~cporigrorii sp. no\. Earl! Cpper Callovian. Franz Josef Land. A-D t4 G: SEM CF-3 (I) .a, Width -10 !tm. B: Width 15 !im C: Length 54 !tm. D: Length 48 btm. G: Width 10 bkrn E: CF-L'. N5b'l. PALM. U'idth 38 (un F: CF-L' SS? 1 P.AliX6. \VidIh 32 (Im. Bathonian and Callovian dinoflagellate cysts 231 232 Morten Smekor

paraplate (X/lpV) is present on the left side of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from eastern Eng- the sulcus. The antapical paraplate is 6-sided and land by the present author. contacts VI (5””) (i.e. the pattern is sexiform). Genus Susadiniurn Dorhofer & Davies 1980 Holotype. - SEM CF-3(1), Figure 5B. Type species: Susadinium scrofoides Dor- hofer & Davies 1980 Dimensions. - Length (excluding apical para- plates) 35-52 pm, width 30-49 pm (20specimens). Susadinium? sp. *. Fig. 6H Deriuafion of name. - ‘SpOngiOSa’, referring to Description.- Dinoflagellate cyst, elongated the spongy autophragm. hour-glass shaped in outline, with a short apical horn and slightly concave antapical area. Type sfraticrn and localiv. - Early Upper Gal- AutoPhragm generally smooth and with short lovian strata, 168 m a.s.1.. Cape Flora, North- spines aligned in generally ?parasutural rows and brook Island. with well-developed denticles on the pre- and postcingular protuberances. Epicyst and hypocyst separated by a deeply constricted paracingular occurrence.- Island, Cape area, Archeopyle formed by one or more inter- sample CF-3 (168 m a.s.1.) and CF-U (erratic). calary paraplates. Early Upper Callovian.

Dimensions. - Length 35 pm, width paracingular Remarks. - Meiourogonyaitlax spongiosa sp. nov. area 13 pm (1 specimen measured). seems comparable with Meiourogonyaulax reti- culatu Dodekova 1975. However, the Callovian Occurrence. - Northbrook Island, erratic Cal- specimens from Franz Josef Land differ from the lovian sample CF-U. Early Upper Callovian. Bulgarian Upper Bathonian specimens described by Dodekova (1975) in lacking well-developed Remarks.- Only one specimen has been reticulum. Specimens which most probably are observed. This differs from other species of the conspecific with Meiourogonyaulux spongiosa sp. genus Susadinium in having a very deeply con- nov. have also been observed in Early Callovian stricted paracingular region. and having well-

Fig. 6. Upper Bathonian and early Upper Callovian dlnoflagcllate qsts and acritarch\ from Franz Joscf Land A: Purugonyuulucysm callocGvise Johnwn 8: Hillr 1973. SEM CF-ti (CI. Lcngth 50 pi, B & D: Crenrdodiniion sp. SEM CF-3 (11). 8:Width 96yn 11: Width Yllpni. C: cf. Chlrmydophorellu sp. A uf Davit\ lYX3. SEM CF-3 (I). Widfh 34pm.

E: Meiourogonwulu.c- sp. SEM CF-3 (I). Length 58 !rm.

F: Frofnea torriurih (Drugg) Lcntin 8: Williams 19x1. CF-2. V58,’l PA4389 Lcngth 6Opn

G: Muiourogonyouk~rswlemii Snrjeant 1966. CF-U. K16/1. PA4386. Lcngrh 66 Itm. H: Susudinium? sp. A CF-U, K58,’l. PA43X6. Length 35 vm 1. Pureodinru alu$kensis Wiggins 1975. CF-I. MP.1 PA4392 Lcngth 70 um. J: Cyinariosphuera \p. SEM CF-U (C). Width 40 bun. K: Gonwrrlarysra ]uru.~sicovar. longimrnic (Dcflandre) Gitmcz IY7U CF-U. M52/3. PA43Xh. Length YS pn1. Bathonian and Callovian dinoflagellate cysts 233 234 Morten Smelror developed denticles on the pre- and postcingular Remarks. - This species is here questionably protuberances. placed in the genus Baltisphaeridium since there This species is also recorded within the Lower appears to be no solid plug at the base of the Callovian Nordenskjoeldi ammonite zone on processes, separating the process interiors from Jameson Land. East Greenland (pers. obser- the vesicle cavity. ?Baltisphaeridium sp. A seems vations). comparable with Micrhystridium. However, rep- resentatives of the latter genus usually have Algae Incertae Sedis epityche or median splitting excystment Group Acritarcha Evitt 1963 apertures.

Genus Baltisphaeridium (Eisenack) Eisen- Genus Micrhystridiurn (Deflandre) Downie ack 1969 & Sarjeant 1963

Type species: Baltisphaeridiurn longispino- Type species: Micrhystridium inconspicuum sum (Eisenack) Eisenack 1959 Deflandre 1937

?Baltisphaeridiurn sp. A. Fig. 8B Micrhystridium sp. A. Fig. 7F

Description. - The vesicle is spherical in outline, Description. - The vesicle is subspherical in hollow and thin-walled (less than 1 pm). The wall outline, hollow, with more than 25 short, broad appears to consist of two layers. of which only the acuminate processes. The vesicle wall and pro- outer layer forms the processes. The processes cesses bear granulate to blunt echinate, well (20-30 in number) are homomorphic acuminate. spaced ornamentation. Excystment by splitting of and are shorter than the vesicle diameter. Both vesicle wall. vesicle and processes are smooth. The excystment structure is circular (cyclopyle) and the operculum Dimensions. - Overall diameter 12 pm (1 speci- apparently consists of 3 or 4 pieces. men measured).

Dimensions. - Diameter (excluding processes) Occurrence. - Northbrook Island, Cape Flora, 9 ym (1 specimen measured). sample CF-3 (Upper Callovian).

Occurrence. - Northbrook Island, Cape Flora, Remarks. -This species appears somewhat similar sample CF-3 (Upper Callovian). to the specimen illustrated as Micrhystridium sp.

Flg. 7. L'pper Bathonian and early Upper Callovian dinoflagellate cvsts and acritarchs from Franz Josef Land A: Meiourogonyuular cf. collor?tonii Sarjeant 1972. SEM CF-3 (111). Width 62 pm, B: Mciourogoqaular [doisii Saqeant 1966 SEM CF-3 (111). Length 65 vm. C: Vrrvliachiuni sp. SEM CF-3 (1). Width (excluding process) l8pm. D: Vulouiella sp. SEM CF-I (111). Width 40pm. E: Sinniodiniitm grossii Alherti 1961. SEM CF-3 (111). Width 60 pm. F: Micrhwrridiurn sp. A. SEM CF-3 (111). Width 12 um. Bathonian and Callovian dinoflagellate cysts 235 236 Morten Smelror Bathonian and Callovian dinoflagellate cysts 237

Bjzrke, T. 1977: Mesozoic palynology of Svalbard 11. Paly- nomorphs from the Mesozoic sequence of Kong Karls Land. Norsk Polarinst. Arbok 1976, 83-120. Bjzrke, T. 1980: Mesozoic palynology of Svalbard V. Dino- flagellates from the Agardhfjellet Member (Middle and Upper Jurassic) in Spitsbergen. Norsk Polarinsf. Skr. l 7-1. 145- 167. Davies, E. H. 1983: Thc dinoflagellate Oppel-zonation of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sequence in the Sverdrup Basin. U Arctic Canada. Geol. Suru. Canada. Bull. 359. 59 pp. Dodekova, L. 1975: New Upper Bathonian dinoflagellate cysts from north-eastern Bulgaria. Bulg. Acad. Sci. Palaeontol. Srratigr. Lithol. 2. 17-34. Fig. 9. Paruocysta hjaerkei sp. nov. (scale bar = 10 pm). Sche- Dihner, V. D. & Shulgina, N. I. 1960: Results of stratigraphic matic line drawing (from Bjzrke 1980). investigation of marine Middle and Upper Jurassic deposits of Franz Josef Land. Trudy nauchno-issled Inst. Geol. Arkr. 114. 65-77. Evitt. W. R. 1985: Sporopollenin dinoflagellate cysts. Their from Toarcian deposits in NW Scania, Sweden, morphology and interpretation. Am. Assoc. Srrar. Palwol. by Guy-Ohlson (1986, PI. 18, Fig. 2). However, Found. 333 pp. Micrhystridium sp. A from Franz Josef Land has Guy-Ohlson. D. 1466: Jurmsrc pal~vnologyof the Vilhebnsfalr Bore no. I, Scania. Sweden: Tourciriti-Aaleninii. Swedish relatively shorter processes and is less densely Museum of Nat. Hist.. Stockholm. 127 pp. ornamented. Haq, B. U., Hardenhol. J. & Vail. P. R. 1987: Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the . Science 32, 1156- Acknowledgemenn. -The author would like to thank Dr. J. B. 1167. Riding (British Geological Survey) for reading an initial drafl :{erngreen, G. F. W. & De Bocr. K. F. 1978: Dinoflagellate of the manuscript and offering helpful suggestions. zonations of Upper Dogger and ?lowermost Malm in the The assistance froni T. Boassen (IKU) with the SEM and T. Netherlands. Palinologici Spec. I. 283-291. Aas (IKU) with the illustrations is also gratefully acknowledged. Horn, G. 1932: Some geological results of the Norwegian Expedition to Franz Joseph Land. Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. I/. 4x2-489. Johnson. C. D. & Hills, L. V. 1973: Microplankton zones of the Savik Formation (Jurassic). Axel Heiherg and Ellesnicre References Islands. District of Franklin. Bull. Cun. Petrol. Geol. 21. 17% Arkell, W. J. 1956: Jurassic geologll of the world. Oliver & 218. Boyd. Edinburgh. 824 pp. Nansen. F. 1900: Geological sketch of Capc Flora and its Barss, M. S. & Williams. G. L. 1973: Palynology and Nanno- neighbourhood. Pp. 1-32 in Nansen. F. (cd.):The Norwegian fossil processing tcchniqucs. Geol. Suru. Canada. Paper 73. North Polar Expedition 1893-96. Scientific resulrs I// (I). 26. 22 pp. Newton, E. T. & Teall. J. J. H. 1897: Notes on a collection Berger. J. P. 1986: Dinoflagellates of the Callovian Oxfordian of rocks and fossils from Franz Joseph Land made by the boundary of thc 'Licsberg-Dorf' quarry (Berner Jura, Swit- Jackson-Hamsworth Expedition during 189.1-96. Quart. zerland). News Jh. Geol. Palaont. Ahh. 172. 331-355. Journ. Geol. Soc. 53. 477-519.

Fig. 8. Upper Bathonian and early Upper Callovian dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs from Franz Josef Land A: Meiourogonyaulax spongiosa sp. nov. CF-U. S2710. PA4386. Width 42 pm. B: Balfisphueridium sp. A. SEM CF-3 (11). Width 9 pm (excluding processes). C: Paruocysta hjaerkei sp. nov. WG-2 (B). A47/1. PA4387. Width 38 pm. D: Paruocysfa bjaerkei sp. nov. SEM CF-3 (11). Width 40 pm. E: Valensiella ooula (Deflandre) Eisenack 1963. CF-3, L49/0. PA4388. Width 58 pm. F Scriniocussts dictyorus (Cookson & Eisenack) Beju 1971. CF-U. S49/0. PA4386. Width 69 pm. 23% Morten Smelror

Piasecki. S. 1980: Middle 10 Lure Jurassic dinoflagellare cysr Smith. D. G., Harland. W. B., Hughes. N. F. & Picton, C. A. srratrgruphy from Milne Land and Jameson Land (Easr Green- G. 1976: The geology of Kong Karls Land. Svalbard. Geol. land) correlated wirh ammonit? srratigraphy. Unpubl. Cand. Mug. 113. 193-304. Scient. thesis, University of Copenhagen. 167 pp. Spath. L. F. 1932: Invertebrate Faunas of the Batbonian-Cal- Pompeckj, J. F. 1900: The Jurassic Fauna of Cape Flora. Pp. lovian deposits of Jameson Land (East Greenland). Meddel. 3S117 in Nansen. F. (ed.): The Norwegian North Polar om Grmland 87. 158 pp. Expedition 189S9-96.Screntific results I1 (I). Spath. L. F. 1947: Additional observations on the invertcbrates Poulsen, N. E. 1985: Dinocyststratigrafi i den nedre del af (chiefly ammonites) of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of East Hareelv Formation (0vre Jura). Jameson Land. 0stgr~n- Greenland. Meddel. om Grmnland 132. 70 pp, land. Dansk geol. Foren.. Amkrifr for 1984. 13S137. Thusu. B. 1978: Aptian to Toarcian dinoflagellate cysts from Riley. L. A. & Fenton, J. P. G. 1982: A dinocyst zonation for Arctic Norway. Pp. 61-95 in Thusu, B. (ed.): Distribution of the Callovian to Middle Oxfordian succession (Jurassic) of biostratigraphically diagnostic dinoflagellate cysts and miero- Northwest Europe. Palynology 6. 19S202. spores from the Northwest European continental shelf and Sarjeant. W. A. S. 1979: Middle and Upper Jurassic dino- adjacent areas. Continenral Shelf Inst. Publ. 100. flagellate cysts: the world excluding North America. Conrrib. Williams, G. L. 1977: Dinocysts: their classification. bio- Ser. Am. Assoc. Srratig. Palynol. 5b. 133-157. stratigraphy and palaeoecology. Pp. 1231-1325 in Ramsay, Smelror. M. 1986: JUrdSSiC and Lower Cretaceous palynomorph A. T. S. (ed.): Oceanic inicropalaeontolog)~2. Acddemi- assemblage\ from Cape Flora. Franz Joscf Land. Arctic press. London. U.S.S.R. .Vor.sk Geol. Tidsskr. 66. 107-1 19. Woollam. R. & Riding. J. B. 1983: Dinoflagellate cyst zonation Smelror. M. 1988: Bathonian to Early Oxfordian dinoflagellate of the English Jurassic. Imt. Geol. Sci., London. Rep. 8312. cysts and acritarchs from Kong Karls Land, Svalbard. Reu. 1-12. Palaeobor. Palynol. (in press)