The MELVIN E. JAHN COLLECTION of Early Geoscience 1550-1850

Offered by SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS

The Melvin E. Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience 1550-1850

With a special concentration on Paleontology, Conchology, Mineralogy, and Private Museums of Natural History.

Some Significant Books: A List...... page 3

Melvin Jahn, Bibliophile ...... pages 4 – 5

Survey of the Jahn Collection ...... pages 6 – 8

Catalogue of the Collection arranged chronologically ...... pages 9 – 89

Author Index arranged alphabetically, with values...... pages 90 – 96

References Cited ...... pages 97 – 98 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

—Schoyer’s Books— —Serendipity Books— PO Box 9471& 1201 University Ave. Berkeley, CA 94709 Berkeley, CA 94702 510-548-8009 510-841-7455 [email protected] [email protected]

“Nature reserves many things from our knowledge.” —Ole Worm, Museum Wormianum, 1655

Essays: Ian Jackson Catalogue: Marc Selvaggio (Schoyer’s Books) © Schoyer’s Books, 2004 Design: Andrea Latham

This is a revised edition of the original sales prospectus. Although the collection is only available as a single unit, an approximate value for each item appears [set in brackets] in the Author Index section.

Schoyer’s Books & Serendipity Books Are Members of the Antiquarian Booksellers Association of America.

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Some Significant Books in the Jahn Collection

Aldrovandi, Ulisse. Opera Omnia. Bologna, 1599-1667. Complete 13-volume set in uniform contemporary bindings.

Beringer, Johann Bartholomew Adam. Lithographiae Wirceburgenis. Both the first (1726) and second (1767) editions.

Boodt, Anselmus de. Gemmarum et lapidum historia. First, second, and third editions (1609, 1636, 1647), each in contemporary binding.

Buonanni, Filippo et al. Rerum Naturalium Historia…in Museo Kircheriano, 1773-82.

Burtin, Francois-Xavier de. Oryctographie de Bruxelles, 1784 issue with hand-colored plates.

Ellis, John. An essay towards a natural history of the corallines, 1755—presentation copy from Ellis to his illustrator, Georg Dionysius Ehret.

Gualtieri, Niccolo. Index Testarum Conchyliorum, 1742.

Hebenstreit, Johann Ernst. Museum Ricterianum, 1743—the exceedingly rare first issue with hand-colored plates, one of five known copies.

Lhwyd, Edward. Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia—the rare 1699 first edition.

Lister, Martin. Historiae Animalium Angliae, 1678; Conchyliorum bivalvium, 1696; and his magnificently illustrated Historiae sive Synopsis methodicae conchyliorum, 1770.

Mercati, Michele. Metallotheca, both the first (1717) and second (1719) editions.

Moscardo, Ludovico. Note overo Memorie del museo de Ludovico Moscardo, 1656.

Rashleigh, Philip. Specimens of British Minerals. London: Bulmer, 1797-1802.

Rumpf, Georg Eberhard. D’Amboinische Rariteitkammer, 1705 and Thesaurus Imaginum Piscium Testaceorum, 1739.

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Geestelyke Natuurkunde, 1728-1738. Fifteen vols. in six.

Volta, Giovanni S. Ittiolitologia Veronese del Museo Bozziano, Verona, 1796.

Willughby, Francis. De Historia Piscium Libri Quatuor, 1686.

Worm, Ole. Museum Wormianum, 1655. Both issues of the first edition, including Cuvier’s copy.

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Melvin Jahn, Bibliophile

A Note on the Collector and His Library Melvin Jahn (1938-2003) was the youngest and the last of the great Berkeley scientific book collectors. It has often been noted that there is a certain contagion to book-collecting. Influential bibliographies, historic events or inspiring personalities can establish a vogue. Admiration, emulation and rivalry sustain it, but when the stimulus is withdrawn, or the circle of enthusiasts is dispersed or dies off, the epidemic is over. At the University of California it ran for just over a century.

The taste for scientific books was well established at Berkeley in the 1890’s, by the botanists E.L. Greene, W.L. Jepson, H.M. Hall and W.A. Setchell, each collecting within their specialty, from a taxonomic and historical point of view. The taste became a mania by the 1920’s, with the advent of two omnivorous collectors, Charles Atwood Kofoid and Herbert McLean Evans.

Kofoid (1865-1947), a zoologist, specialized in natural history, and by unrelenting accumulation died with 80,000 or 100,000 volumes. They were donated to the University Library, although duplicates were sold, eventually enriching the Jahn Collection.

Evans (1882-1971), the discoverer of Vitamin E, by incessant ebb and flow, never had more than a few thousand volumes on hand at any given moment, but circulated some 20,000 books in the course of his career. Bridson and Jackson’s Naturalists’ Libraries lists sixteen catalogues from which Evans’s books were recorded and dispersed between 1930 and 1975. Every leading American history of science library has at least a few volumes that once were his.

Still more influential was Evans’s 1934 exhibition catalogue of First editions of epochal achievements in the history of science, listing 116 works. This small booklet, succinctly annotated, with its clear purpose and manageable number of landmark publications, established for the first time the humble scientific offprint as an object of bibliophilic pursuit. The catalogue contains in nuce everything for which Dibner and Horblit are commonly acclaimed. Unlike the staid Kofoid, Evans was an inspiring and flamboyant presence—a bookseller manqué. He clearly captivated the young Jahn in his student days at Berkeley in the late 1950’s, tempting him with dealers’ catalogues and even passing on books from his library.1 Jahn’s simple and elegant sans-serif book-label—Ex Libris/ Melvin Edward Jahn—is obviously inspired by Evans’s more elaborate bookplate. Here alone does Jahn use his full name (as never in scientific publications), echoing his mentor’s resonant triplet.

Jahn was a graduate student of paleontology under Charles L. Camp (1893-1975). His M.A. thesis (1963) was devoted to the fossil tigers and other carnivores of the La Brea tar-pits, a subject on which Camp had published years earlier. Camp was another of the great Berkeley book-collectors, with an enthusiasm for the complementary subjects of Western Americana and geology. He is best known for his revisions (1937 and 1953) of Henry Raup Wagner’s bibliography of The Plains and the Rockies (1920-21), still known in its fourth, posthumous edition (1982) simply as “Wagner- Camp.” Professor Camp, too, supplied Jahn with books from his library.

1 On July 3, 1961, Evans inscribed a copy of his Men and moments in the history of science (Seattle 1959) to Jahn with these encouraging words: “To Melvin Edward Jahn with hearty congratulations on his determination to collect treatises which have enlarged man’s knowledge and man’s horizon.” Coincidentally, July 3 was also the very day that Sothey’s of London auctioned off the scientific library of the Earl of Bute. And Jahn would later purchase six “treatises” from that sale.

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Stimulated by such “ardent fellow enthusiasts” (as Evans once phrased his relationship to Jahn), it is little wonder that the disciple’s publications were overwhelmingly bibliographical. At the age of 25, in collaboration with the Latinist Daniel J. Woolf, Jahn published his only book in the history of science, The Lying Stones of Dr. Johann Bartholomew Adam Beringer (University of California Press, 1963). This study of the most famous hoax in the history of paleontology took the form of an extensively annotated translation of Beringer’s rare Lithographiae Wirceburgensis (1726), reproducing the engravings in which the gullible Würzburg professor published hundreds of wildly improbable forged fossils. In his “Acknowledgments,” Jahn paid tribute to the endeavors of half a dozen booksellers from whom he had obtained 17th and 18th century texts [still in the collection]. His usual sources for antiquarian books included the firms of Bernard Quaritch Ltd., Wheldon and Wesley, and Zeitlin & Ver Brugge. Jahn appropriately dedicated his book (in Latin) to Charles L. Camp.

Jahn’s extensive notes in The Lying Stones form a bibliographical history of the study of fossils, albeit in somewhat disconnected form. A glance at a list of Jahn’s own library reveals the extent to which this masterly survey of Beringer’s sources was based on careful examination of his own shelves, demonstrating yet again that there is rarely a substitute for the intimate familiarity bred by actual possession.

Jahn’s superb library of 208 titles (in 242 volumes) contains a remarkably comprehensive collection of the monuments of early paleontology (1600-1800): the local inventories of petrifactions, the illustrated museum catalogues that record many a fossil for the first time, the magnificent illustrated folios on corals and shells, the English county histories in which fossils mingle with arrowheads and urns, the travel books, the learned correspondence, the diluvian theology, and the earliest truly scientific monographs. Reflecting the state of paleontology in the 17th and 18th centuries, many of the works encompass other scientific fields, including geography, comparative anatomy, zoology, mineralogy, and gemology.

Apart from The Lying Stones, Jahn published twelve articles, all but one in The Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, between 1963 and 1975—studies of such notable early paleontologists as John Woodward, Johann Jacob Scheuchzer, and Edward Lhwyd. These too are bibliographical studies, based on Jahn’s own collections, which were essentially complete for each author. His publications are still standard points of reference in spite of the passage of time. Evans’s death in 1971, followed by Camp’s in 1975, foreshadowed Jahn’s own withdrawal from the history of science. He published nothing on the subject after 1975, and placed much of his splendid library in storage, where it was only discovered after his death.

Jahn’s library is a period piece, from a vanished era of the recent past, a monument to what was available in the bookshops forty years ago to a diligent scholar with a refined taste. The gaudily rebound copies of antiquarian books so often seen at book fairs today are entirely absent. Jahn’s copies are in remarkable condition, almost all in original or contemporary bindings, many with interesting or intriguing associations. The collection is not only pleasing to the eye. It is above all an exceptional assemblage of original source material that would be extraordinarily difficult, if not impossible, to replicate today.

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The Meaning of Fossils and The Theory of the Earth: A Brief Survey of the Jahn Collection Melvin Jahn’s mentor, Herbert McLean Evans, was fond of quoting the dictum of the physicist James Clark Maxwell: It is of great advantage to the student of any subject to read in the original memoirs on that subject, for science is always most completely assimilated when it is found in its nascent state. Every student of science should, in fact, be an antiquary in his subject.

As a student of paleontology, Melvin Jahn evidently took these words to heart. He built up a collection that was remarkable for its scope. It mirrored his interests and inspired his scholarly writings, which centered around man’s varied attempts to come to terms with Noah in the broadest sense—to harmonize the fossil record with a dwindling scriptural authority on the eve of the modern world. Every shade of opinion from ovism and animalculism to Panspermia and diluvianism is represented in the Jahn collection, as is every scale of investigation, from Schwenkfeld’s detailed account of the fossils of Silesia (1601) to Johann Zahn’s mammoth survey of the entire world of science, Specula physico-mathematico-historica (1696, folio with 61 plates), or the collected works in thirteen volumes of Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522-1605), the renowned Bolognese naturalist who introduced the word “Geologia” to science in its present sense. Johann B.A. Beringer, inevitably, was the nexus of Jahn’s research, not least because he offered so useful a bibliographical guide to the “original memoirs” in their “nascent state.”

Beringer The name of Jahn is most closely identified with the Beringer hoax—no history of geology can ignore this famous episode, and Jahn’s publications are invariably the only point of reference in an author’s footnotes. In addition to The Lying Stones (1963), Jahn published three articles on Beringer, including the definitive statement (1972) on the bibliography of the Lithographiae Wircebergiensis.2 His own collection contains fine copies of the two editions there described. In his Lithographiae, Beringer refers to several dozen eminent predecessors and authorities. Jahn identified their scattered publications (see The Lying Stones, Appendix A. pp.111-24) and acquired many of these rare books for his library, including Lodovico Moscardo’s Note overo Memorie del museo de Lodovico Moscardo (1656), Karl Lang’s Tractatus de Origine Lapidum Figuratorum (1709), Micheli Mercati’s Metallotheca (1717), and Daniel Büttner’s Rudera Diluvii Testes (1710).

As a German, Beringer was well acquainted with the publications of his countrymen, whose contributions to the seventeenth century study of fossils concentrated on the discoveries made in a particular locality, a style of scientific investigation still notable in the study of fossil man, who is always given an address—from Neanderthal to Olduvai. The Lying Stones (pp.166-68) describes a few of these regional catalogues. Jahn’s own collection includes George Anton Volkmann’s Silesia Subterranea, (1720), George A. Helwing’s Lithographia Angerburgica, (1717), and Peter Wolfart’s Historiae Naturalis Hassiae Inferioris, (1719).

In turn, Italian studies of paleontology of the time were influenced less by mining and chorography than by the Mediterranean sea. The peninsula’s lengthy coastline gave access to marine shells of similar configuration whether discovered as fossils embedded in rock or as living creatures in the sea. (The understanding of extinct creatures required leaps of imagination that

2 Jahn also contributed the entry on Beringer for the Dictionary of Scientific Biography (II, pp.15-16) and Jahn is cited as a major secondary reference in the entries on Karl Lang, Edward Lhwyd, and John Woodward.

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were difficult in the absence of a conceptual framework—the world was not psychologically prepared for dinosaurs until the nineteenth century.) Jahn’s library includes a fine copy (in contemporary binding and with rare hand-colored plates) of Marsigli’s beautiful folio, Histoire physique de la mer (1725), the pioneering work in oceanography, with geological ramifications that would have appealed to the collector. The Italians were the great accumulators of the seventeenth century; almost all of their investigations were documented not in theoretical works but in private museum catalogues, often handsomely illustrated folios.

Museums According to an author’s note (in 1969) Melvin Jahn was at work on “a projected series of articles on the history of museums.” None of these were published but Jahn had clearly laid the foundations, in his usual comprehensive fashion, with an impressive assembly of key texts. Jahn’s collection includes some twenty rare museum catalogues, many of which figure in his survey of literature in The Lying Stones (pp.162-6). These include Georges Cuvier’s copy of Ole Worm’s famous Museum Wormianum (1655).

When Jahn was collecting in the 1950’s and 60’s, the only reliable guide to these publications was the Glasgow bibliographer David Murray’s three-volume Museums, their history and their use (1904). In the last twenty years, however, there has been an astonishing growth of interest in every ramification of provenance, in cabinets of curiosities and early museology, a trend confirmed by the establishment of the first specialist serial, Oxford University Press’s Journal of the history of collections. Such museum catalogues as Jahn was able to gather forty years ago are now very difficult to obtain, being much sought after by institutions endeavoring to support faculty research. Almost none of them has been reprinted, although such spectacular folios as the Museum Richterianum (1743), perhaps the most beautiful of mineralogical books (and present here in one of five known hand-colored copies) richly deserve reproduction in facsimile.

Topography Closely allied to the museum catalogue as a source of early documentation of the fossil record is the topographical survey, often similarly based on a private collection. The only catalogue of the Yorkshire antiquary Ralph Thoresby’s famous museum, for instance, is contained in his topographical survey of Leeds, Ducatus Leodiensis (1715). Jahn not only owned this in its lavish enlarged folio re-edition (1816), but he also assembled the other great English and Scottish county topographies of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, as discussed in The Lying Stones (pp.170-1 and 178-81): Robert Sibbald’s Scotia illustrata (1684), Charles Leigh’s The Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire… (1700), John Morton’s The Natural History of Northampton-shire (1712), and two variant copies of Robert Plot’s The Natural History of Oxfordshire (1677). Plot was first keeper of the Ashmolean Museum.

Edward Lhwyd Plot’s successor at the Ashmolean was the Welsh antiquary and naturalist Edward Lhwyd (1660- 1709), succinctly characterized by Jahn (The Lying Stones, p.172) as “a member of the animalculist faction of the preformationist movement, (and) perhaps the greatest proponent of the aura seminalis.” Lhwyd published (in an edition of only 120 copies, sponsored by a group of friends that included Sir Isaac Newton) the first work devoted solely to British fossils, Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia (1699), illustrating 267 specimens on 23 folding plates, including many extinct trilobites, a common fossil in the Welsh borders where he was raised. Jahn published articles on Lhwyd’s collections in the Ashmolean Museum, his correspondence and his

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bibliography. The Jahn collection, once again, contains the essential texts, including a presentation copy of Lhywd’s folio Archeologia Britannica (1707).

John Woodward Another of Jahn’s enthusiasms was John Woodward, “the Grand Protector of the Universal Deluge” according to the skeptical Vallisnieri, and the first notable fossil collector to publish his speculations on the Theory of the Earth (see The Lying Stones, p.176-8). Melvin Jahn published the definitive bibliography of Woodward’s An Essay towards a natural history of the earth in 1972, describing in 33 pages the many editions and translations of this influential work, several of which are in the Jahn collection. Jahn also owned the posthumous catalogue of Woodward’s museum (1729): the collection was bequeathed to the University of Cambridge and is one of the very few original collections to survive intact, and in its original cabinetry.

Johann Jakob Scheuchzer Beringer cited Woodward’s Essay not in its original English but in the Latin translation (1704) by J.J. Scheuchzer. Inevitably, Jahn became an expert on Scheuchzer too, publishing four articles: he remains the leading authority in English on the Swiss scientist. A projected sequel to The Lying Stones, intended to contain an annotated translation of two of Scheuchzer’s works, never appeared, nor did Jahn publish the bio-bibliography announced in 1975. As usual, however, Jahn had all of the materials in his own library, including Scheuchzer’s Herbarium Diluvianum (or Herbarium of the Flood) from 1709, one of the earliest works on fossil plants—botany was the key to assigning a season to the Flood—with a magnificent evocation of the rising waters on the title-page. Other Scheuchzer publications in the collection range from the very rare pamphlet, Homo Diluvii Testis, (1726) to the massive fifteen-volume (in eight) illustrated history of nature in the Bible, Geestelyke Natuurkunde, (1728-39, text in Dutch).

The History of Paleontology and Geology The foregoing notes have concentrated on Jahn’s personal scholarly enthusiasms, as reflected on his shelves and recorded in his publications, but the collector was never an isolationist. The themes and personalities of his research were embedded in a larger historical matrix. A number of early works on fossils in the collection were listed under “Beringer” but Jahn ranged far more widely. His collection, in fact, includes a reasonably full survey of the literature of geology and paleontology from 1600 to 1800. Jahn owned a number of works by John Ray, the leading British naturalist of the seventeenth century, an associate of all and a student of everything. Embracing Ray and his circle, Jahn collected the works of the British physician and naturalist Martin Lister, including his famous folio on shells, Historiae sive synopsis methodicae conchyliorum et tabularum anatomicarum (1770, second ed., corrected) illustrated with over 1000 copper-plates. Fellow naturalist Francis Willughby is represented by his De Historia Piscium Libri Quatuor (1686), the first large English work on ichthyology. An interest in fossils and stones naturally took Jahn into the realms of mineralogy and gemology. The rare and important works present range from Anselmus de Boodt’s Gemmarum et lapidum historia (1609) to Richard Kirwan’s Elements of Mineralogy (1784).

Appropriately, the collection is rounded off by the chief works of the Rev. William Buckland, the eccentric first reader in geology at the University of Oxford. His Reliquiae diluvianae (1823) hearkens back to the old Flood debate, while his Oxford inaugural address, Vindiciae Geologiae (1820) is a call to arms, heralding the era of specialization that was to transform the study of the evolution of the earth and its inhabitants.

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The Melvin E. Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience 1550-1850

The Birth of Modern Mineralogy

[1550] Agricola, Giorgius. De la generatione de le cose, che sotto la terra sono, e del’cause de’loro effetti e nature, Lib.V. De la natura di quelle cose, che da la terra scorrono, Lib. III. De la natura de le cose fossili, e che sotto la terra sui cauano, Lib. X. De le minere antiche e moderne, Lib. II. Il Bermanno, ò de le cose metallice, dialogo… Venice: Tramezzino, 1550. 8vo. [54], 467ff, [1]pp. With 22 ten-line historiated woodcut initials and one full-page diagram of a cavern [S6v]. Tramezzino’s device printed on the title- page as well as on the recto of the last leaf. Contemporary signatures on title- page. Contemporary full vellum, bubbled and stained; small stain on edge of first few leaves, otherwise a very good copy.

First Italian edition of a volume which includes “De la natura de cose fossili,” the “first handbook of modern systematic mineralogy.” This collection of five separate treatises includes the first work on physical geology, a treatise on subterranean waters and their medicinal properties, a survey of classical references to metals and mines, and, of course, comments about the nature of fossils. “Agricola parted from the general view of Aristotle that stones, metals, and gems had their origin in the influence of heavenly bodies… Instead he looked to natural causes, to the solution of minerals in liquids and their precipitation by gravity, heat, cold, and evaporation” (Dibner, Agricola, p.18). In his chapter on the birth of modern mineralogy, Adams devoted 13 pages to this work, the “first text book of mineralogy.” He called Agricola “one of the most outstanding figures in the history of the geological sciences, not only of his own times but of all time” (The Birth and Development of the Geological Sciences, pp.183-195). Faul & Faul point out that in this volume Agricola made “a first attempt at a comprehensive system of mineral classification and the first step forward from the wild redundance and synonymy of ancient nomenclatures of rocks and minerals. It was a point of departure for the development of mineralogy” (p.30). Cited by Beringer.3 First published in Basel, 1546. The only Italian edition cited by Graesse (I, 143) is the Venice, 1559 ed. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica 12, this edition (“Agricola’s most important work… after De re metallica”). Sinkankas 35, citing only the 1546 edition and an Italian translation of 1612. Ward & Carozzi 30 (erroneously citing “467p.”). Dictionary of Scientific Biography, I, 77-79. Zittel pp.15-16. In 2001, the Freilich copy—the first copy at auction since 1974—sold for $6,000.

3 In defense of his treatise on his newly discovered “fossils,” Lithographia Wirceburgensis (1726), Johann Beringer presented “a brief alphabetical synopsis of Lithographers [scientists studying stones], to whom I have access among the other works of the Doctors in my library. The very names of such illustrious men should suffice to brand the idleness of that avaricious and crude pack of academicians who attack Lithology as a useless pursuit.” In The Lying Stones of Dr. Beringer, Melvin Jahn provided a more detailed bibliographical version of this list (see his Appendix A), stating that Beringer’s “‘brief alphabetical synopsis of Lithographers’ is in a class with the Grolier Club One-Hundred.” The Jahn collection includes many of these “Lithographic” titles—and we have identified the “Beringer One-Hundred” by noting “Cited by Beringer.”

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Most Detailed Illustrated Mineralogical Book of 16th Cent.

[1598] Bauhin, Johann. Historia novi et admirabilis fontis balneique Bollensis in Ducatu Wirtembergico, ad Acidulus Goepingenses… Montébeliart: (Foillet), 1598. 4to. [8], 222; [22], 291, [6], [20]pp. With 221 woodcuts in text. The second part of this work—Liber Quartus, with a separate title-page with the imprint of Jacob Foillet and dated 1598—is bound before the first part. With the six-page supplement on fungi (“Paralipomena”). Ownership signature on title-page dated (1623) and armorial bookplate of John, Earl of Bute mounted on verso of a4. Bound in later full polished calf, joints rubbed, small crack at base of rear joint, old damp stain on front board and present (lightly) through text [date printed in error on spine: 1698]. Otherwise a good copy of a rare book with a significant provenance.

First edition, second issue of this rare work on fossils, insects, and fruit—and actually the first detailed study of cultivated fruit. Ostensibly, this volume is a description of European mineral waters and baths, based on a study of the springs at Bad Boll, and the medical properties of such waters. But this book is also one of the earliest illustrated works on fossils and minerals, principally drawn from specimens in Bauhin’s own large collection. “This work, inspired to some extent by Gesner’s De rerum fossilium (1565), is the only other illustrated mineralogical book to be published in the 16th century” (Wilson, History of Mineral Collecting, p.36). “This was the most detailed work on the subject written in the sixteenth century, and contains a lengthy appendix that gives an intimation of Bauhin’s abilities as a naturalist. It consists of a series of illustrations, most of fossil collections, that was probably inspired by Gesner’s De rerum fossilium. The most original were the illustrations of sixty varieties of apples and thirty-nine of pears, all collected in the alpine region. These large and distinctive woodcuts show the value of illustration for depicting fine morphological distinctions” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography, I, 526). Bauhin (1541-1613), who had studied for a period under Conrad Gesner, established a few botanical gardens and accompanied Gesner on frequent collecting expeditions until Gesner’s death in 1565. “Like Gesner, he had developed a side interest in minerals and fossils, eventually building a personal collection as an adjunct to his principal botanical researches, and using many specimens as the basis for his illustrations in his eclectic 1598 study” (Wilson, p.36) Cited by Beringer. BM Nat. History I, 113 (cataloguing a copy bound in order but lacking the “Paralipomena” and the title- page for Liber Quartus). Murray, II, p.97 (noting that this work is based on Bauhin’s “large collection of fossil shells”). Nissen, Die Botanische Buchillustration, 100. Ward & Carozzi, 142.

The rare first issue—of which few copies are known—has a portrait of Bauhin (1541-1613) on the verso of the first title-page, but does not include the six-page illustrated supplement on fungi, “Paralipomena,” which is present here. This copy formerly belonged to John Stuart, third Earl of Bute (1713-1792), who once owned the finest mineral collection in England as well as a library of comparable renown. He served as George III’s tutor and then as his first Prime Minister. Books from his library have been sold in a number of auctions, beginning in 1785. This copy was purchased by Quaritch at Sotheby’s sale of the Earl’s scientific books on July 3-4, 1961 and then shortly thereafter sold to Jahn.

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[1599-1667] Aldrovandi, Ulisse. [Opera Omnia] Bologna, 1599-1667. Folios. Fourteen volumes bound in thirteen. In uniform contemporary full vellum over boards, identical decorative design blind-stamped on covers of each volume; decorative gilt-stamped design on spine panels; with matching large leather spine labels; bindings tight and in generally fine condition. Elaborate engraved title-pages in each value as well as thousands of woodcuts. Old damp stains in two volumes [Metallicum and Dendrologia] and marginal damp stains in Serpentium, otherwise a clean and bright set. Nine of the volumes are first printings.

A complete set—rare as such—of a work designed by Aldrovandi (1522-1605) “as a whole to form an enormous illustrated encyclopedia of biology” (Garrison-Morton, Medical Bibliography, 290). Although Aldrovandi, the great Bolognese naturalist “is not identified with any revolutionary discoveries, his work as a teacher and as the author of volumes that constitute an irreplaceable cultural patrimony earns him a place among the fathers of modern science. Perhaps most importantly, he was among the first to attempt to free the natural sciences from the stifling influence of the authority of textbooks, for which he substituted, as far as possible, direct study and observation of the animal, vegetable, and mineral worlds” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography). Also see: George Sarton, The Appreciation of Ancient and Medieval Science During the Renaissance, 1450-1600 (1955, pp.113-116); and especially Paula Findlen’s Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy (Berkeley, 1994).

THIS SET INCLUDES:

• Ornithologia, hoc est Avibus Historiae Libri XII. In three volumes: I, 1599; II, 1603; III, 1634. First printing of Volume I.

• De Reliquis Animalibus Exanguibus et de Piscibus et de Cetis, 1606 [colophon, 1605]. First printing, with the rare portrait of Aldrovandi.

• De Quadrupedibus Solidipedibus, 1616. First printing.

• Quadrupedum omnium bisulcorum Historia, 1621. First printing.

• De Quadrupedibus Digitatis Viviparis, 1637. First printing.

• De Animalibus Insectis, 1638.

• De Piscibus Libri V e de Cetis Libri Unis, 1638

• Serpentium et Draconum, 1640 [colophon, 1639]. First printing.

• Monstrorum Historia; cum Paralipomenis Historiae Omnium Animalium, 1642 [two volumes bound as one]. First printing.

• Museum Metallicum, 1648. First printing. “Encyclopedic in scope” (Jahn, p.163). Sinkankas 72. Ward & Carozzi, 43 (noting, “Illustrated by hundreds of woodcuts”). Murray, II, p.77.

• Dendrologiae Naturalis scilicet Arborum Historiae Libri Duo, 1668 [colophon, 1667]. First printing.

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Catalogue of the Fossils of Silesia

[1601] Schwenkfeld, Caspar. Stirpium et Fossilum Silesiae Catalogus. In quo praeter etymon natales, tempus; Natura et vires cum varijs experimentis assignantur… Liepzig: Alberti, 1601. 4to. [40], 407, [15]pp. Colophon dated 1600. Ornamental initials and head- and tail-pieces. Printer’s device on title-page. Browning throughout text. Herbert McLean Evans’s copy, with his bookplate (as well as Jahn’s) on the front paste-down. Also small sticker from Wheldon & Wesley. Seventeenth-century full polished calf with decorative gilt-stamped spine and small title label; joints cracked but covers tight.

First edition. Early catalogue of the fossils in Silesia by Schwenkfeld (1563-1609), a physician of Hirsberg who had studied under the botanist Caspar Bauhin. Sotheby’s catalogue for the Freilich Sale confused this author with the Reformation reformer of the same name (1490-1561). Graesse VI, 323. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 737. Purchased from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge, ca. 1963.

Famous Study of Gnostic Rites

[1605] Pignoria, Lorenzo Vetustissimae Tabulae Aeneae Sacris Aegyptiorum simulachris coelatae accurata explicatio. Venice: Rampazetti, 1605. 4to. [12], 43ff + one large folding plate of Egyptian decorations engraved by Jacobi Franci (13.5 x 18 in.) + five full-page plates of Egyptian decorations and hieroglyphics. Some woodcuts in text. Engraved view of Venice on title-page. Slight minor worming on margins of some leaves. Recased into later full “antiqued” leather with some worming on spine, chipped on edge of rear board. Ownership signature dated 1846 on ffep.

First edition. “A famous work in which Pignoria [Jesuit priest, 1571-1631] identifies the Egyptian deities depicted on the Isiac Table, supposedly an ancient Egyptian bronze (or stone?) plaque which here is shown upon the folding engraved plates. This tablet is said to be in the Turin Museum and was once in the possession of Cardinal Bembo. Some authorities speculate that it describes the rites of initiations into the cult of Isis and that Pignoria was the first antiquary to offer an explanation of its meaning. Of interest to the gemologist is the fact that Pignoria used antique engraved gems to exemplify ancient customs, mores, and rites which he then employed in deciphering the meaning of the tablet. He was particularly interested in the significance of Gnostic rites and customs and thus numerous examples of abraxas gems appear upon the first plates at the end of the book” (Sinkankas 5137). This early work of egyptology influenced the thought of Athanasius Kircher, the famous Jesuit collector and author of books on Egyptian philosophy (among other topics). Brunet IV, 651. Reprinted in Frankfurt, 1608, and Amsterdam, 1669.

12 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

[1607] Topsell, Edward. The Historie of Foure-Footed Beastes: describing the true and lively figure of every beast, with a discourse of their severall names, conditions, kindes, vertues… London: William Jaggard, 1607. Folio. [42], 757, [1], [12]pp. Without A2 [a blank—Wood provides the same collation]. Piece torn from I5. Lacks V2 and V5 [pp.219-20, 225-26]. Corner of Eee1 torn. Some old stains. Numerous woodcuts throughout the text. Title- page (mounted on contemporary leaf) with vignette of Gorgon.

BOUND WITH:

Topsell, Edward. The Histoire of Serpents, Or, The second booke of living creatures… London: William Jaggard, 1608. [10], 315, [8]pp. Without A2 [a blank—Wood provides the same collation]. Last leaf of Index torn with some loss of text. Vignette of Boa on title-page. Woodcuts throughout text. Signature of John Mathen, 1672, on blank recto facing title-page. Lacks front and rear endpapers. Edges browned. Bound in very scuffed contemporary full calf, corners exposed, spine worn; contents slightly shaken; typical condition for this popular work. Armorial bookplate of Sir Archibald Grant (1696-1778) of Monymoske mounted on inside front cover and with Sir Archibald’s signature on the first title-page (as well as the signature of Geo Read).

First editions of both works. Largely a translation of Book I of Gesner’s Historia Animalium, with additions by Topsell. “‘Topsell reflected the credulity of his age, but his exhaustive account of the prevailing zoological traditions and beliefs give his work historical value.’ This book was the great picture book of the seventeenth century, and is consequently nearly always tattered, dog-eared and imperfect” (Wood, p.599, quoting Hazlitt). Nissen ZBI, 4145 and 4146.

[1609] de Boodt, Anselmus Boetius. Gemmarum et lapidum historia. Hanover: Wechel, 1609. 4to. [8], [12], 294 [i.e., 288—misnumbered from Ll2 on], [16]pp + two folding tables. Old small ink hole on Pp4 (last leaf of Index); printer’s device on verso. Old damp stain on lower corner. Scattered foxing and some browning of text. Later [eighteenth century?] full calf with decorative gilt-stamped spine panels (pomegranate design); boards a little warped. Small bookseller’s ticket [Il Polifilo, Milano] on front paste-down.

First edition of a major early work on mineralogy and gemology, a “celebrated encyclopedic work” (Sinkankas 778). Noted as the first attempt at the systematic description of minerals (Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, p.293). “This book, which appeared in the same year that Kepler discovered the law of planetary motion, is in many respects the most important lapidary of the seventeenth century and exerted a wide influence” (Adams, The Birth and Development of the Geological Sciences, p.161). De Boodt (ca. 1550-1632) was court physician to the Emperor Rudolf II (1552-1612) and was employed to curate Rudolf’s large mineral collection. “DeBoodt was a polyglot, an artist, and an enthusiastic mineral collector. He made many mineralogical field trips into Germany, Silesia and Bohemia collecting specimens. With Rudolf’s vast collection at his disposal, he went on to write one of the most influential mineralogical works of the seventeenth century, Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia” (Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting p.38). Murry, I, p.26. Ward & Carozzi, 251 (reproducing the title-page on p.115). The Freilich copy (2001) sold for $10,800.

13 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

[1612] Scaliger, Julius Caesar. Exotericarum Exercitationum Liber XV. De Subtilitate, ad Hieronymum Cardanum… Frankfurt: C. Marinii, 1612. 8vo. [16], 1129 [i.e. 1140], [89]pp. Armorial bookplate of “C.W.G.V.N.” on front paste-down; long note in a contemporary hand written on front and rear flyleaves. Contemporary full vellum with “IMS/1616” stamped on cover. Very tight copy.

A later edition of a famous work first published in 1557 in which Scaliger (1484-1558) dissects and expounds upon the text De subtilitate (1550) by Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576)—including Cardano’s theories on chemistry, the origin of the earth, and the nature of minerals and stones. Anthony Grafton called this book, which was later used a text, “the most savage book review in the bitter annals of literary invective” (Cardano’s Cosmos: The worlds and works of a Renaissance astrologer, 1999, p.4). Ward & Carozzi 420 lists the Cardano text.

[1624] Croll, Oswald. La Royalle Chymie. Lyons: Drobet, 1624. 8vo. [7], 223; 210, [57]; 119, [31]pp. With engraved title-page. Contemporary limp vellum, some stains on binding and in text; rear hinge splitting.

Rare first French edition of Croll’s classic Basilica Chemica (first publ. Frankfurt, 1608), described by the Dictionary of Scientific Biography as “the standard work on iatrochemistry.” Croll was an influential advocate of Paracelsus, and this work contains an exposition on his teachings, a treatise on materia medica in which Croll emphasizes the chemical medicines, and a treatise on the Doctrine of Signatures (Traicté des Signatures), which assumes that medicinal plans and other sources of medicine bear some symbol or sign of their value for medicine in their color, shape or other visible sign, by which God intends that they shall become known to those expert and wise in the interpretation of these signs. Also see Jahn, The Lying Stones, p.169. Understandably, this work is cited by Beringer. Purchased from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge (ca. 1965).

Early Zoological Treatise

[1632] Jonston, Johann. Thaumatographia Naturalis, in decem classes divisa: in quibus Admiranda: I. Coeli, II. Elementorum, III. Meteororum, IV. Fossilium, V. Plantarum, VI. Avium, VII. Quadrupedum, VIII. Exanguium, IX. Piscium, X. Hominis. Amsterdam: Blaeu, 1632. 24mo. [12], 501, [3]pp. Woodcut vignette on title- page, with some illustrated initials and decorative tail pieces. Contemporary full vellum, slightly yellowed; author and title penned on spine and on bottom fore-edge, otherwise very good.

First edition of Jonston’s first book, “a compilation of all the contemporary zoological knowledge” (Garrison-Morton 287). Arranged in ten sections (with separate titles), with a section on fossils, gems and minerals. “The rare first edition of a famous treatise” (Wood p.409). Sinkankas 3277 (“not seen”). BM Nat. History p.538. Norman Library 1177. Ward & Carozzi, 1217. First published in English as An history of the wonderful things of nature, 1657.

14 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

[1633] Jonston, Johann. Thaumatographia Naturalis, in decem classes divisa: in quibus Admiranda… Amsterdam: Jansson, 1633. 12mo. [6], 578, [2]pp. Decorative wood-cut on title-page and tail pieces. Small manuscript note on the author tipped to the edge of the title-page. Lacks free front endpaper. Front hinge cracking; old worming in lower gutter from B2-K2 (mostly a pin-hole). Contemporary full vellum, yellow and little wrinkled; author/title/date penned on spine.

Second edition. “In this very early (second) edition, Jonston acknowledges his indebtedness to Aristotle and Galen” (Wood, p.409). Dictionary of Scientific Biography VII, pp.164-5. Sinkankas 3279. Ward & Carozzi, 1218.

[1634] Pliny, the Elder. The historie of the world: Commonly called, the Natural historie of C. Plinius Secundus. London: Islip, 1634-35. Folio. Two volumes bound as one. Volume I title-page dated 1635; Volume II, 1634. [60], 614, [40]; [12], 632, [84]pp + advt leaf. Stains on Vol. I title-page. Occasional light old damp stain on edge. Contemporary full calf, scuffed; later rebacking with decorative gilt stamping on spine panels; hinges reinforced. A very solid copy.

Second edition (second issue) in English of Pliny’s Natural History, with the publisher’s “Advertisement” (regarding errors) printed on the leaf after the Index in Vol. II. “The work is an encyclopedic compilation of all that Pliny could discover about nature, natural objects, productions of nature, phenomena, and the things made from natural productions of the three kingdoms, much of it culled from previous writings that Pliny had access to but most of which are now lost” (Sinkankas). The first English edition, also from Islip, was published in 1601. Translation by Philemon Holland. Hoover 649 (this ed.) Sinkankas 5166-67. Wood, p.521. Purchased from Wheldon & Wesley, 1966.

Wonderfully Illustrated Natural History

[1635] Nieremberg, Juan Eusebio. Historia Naturae, Maxime Peregrinae, Libris XVI. Distincta. In quibis rarissima naturae arcana… etiam cum proprietatibus medicinalibis describuntur… Antwerp: Balthasar Moretus, Plantin Press, 1635. Folio. [8], 502, [104]p. Title-page in red and black with publisher’s engraved vignette. Decorative initials and tail- pieces plus 69 striking zoological and botanical woodcuts in text [engraved by Christoffel Jegher ]. Contemporary full sheep with repairs to cover, later rebacking with original backstrip laid down; original marbled end-papers. Large device of Plantin Press on verso of last leaf. Very good copy.

First edition. “A classic work of some value describing a medley of animals, plants, and minerals— some of them new to the zoological science of the day. The volume is becoming quite rare” (Wood p.493). “The greater part of this work relates to the natural history of Mexico, or New Spain. It also contains some particulars relative to Mexico before the conquest” (Sabin 55268). Nieremberg, a Spanish Jesuit of German extraction, was professor of natural history at the Imperial College at Madrid. BM Nat. History III, p.1434. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 612. Nissen ZBI, 2974. Purchased from Quaritch, 1961.

15 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

Second and Third Editions of Famous Lapidiary

[1636] de Boodt, Anselmus Boetius. Gemmarum et lapidum historia. Leyden: Joannis Maire, 1636. 8vo. [8], 576, [19]pp + two folding tables. Numerous woodcuts in text. Slight worming in Dd3-Ee8 (pp.412-448) and Gg5-Kk8 (pp.473-528). Paper repair made to bottom edge of Hh1 and Hh8. Later [eighteenth-century?] full vellum over boards, red leather spine label; overall very good.

Second edition, revised and enlarged by Adrian Toll, professor of medicine at Leyden. Illustrations have been “considerably changed by being redrawn and re-engraved, usually with minor differences in detail but sometimes significantly changed” (Sinkankas 779). Includes illustrations of lapidiary’s tools and apparatus for cutting and polishing diamonds, descriptions of machinery for cutting and drilling of precious stones, and how to make imitation gems. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 146 (this edition— Hoover did not have a copy of the first edition of 1609). Ward & Carozzi, 252.

[1647] de Boodt, Anselmus Boetius. Gemmarum et lapidum historia. Leyden: Joannis Maire, 1647 8vo. [8], 576, [22]pp + two folding tables. Numerous woodcuts in text (better cuts than in earlier eds.)

BOUND WITH:

de Laet, Johann. De Gemmis et Lapidibus Libri Duo. Leyden: Maire, 1647. 8vo. [62], 210, [6]pp. Separate signatures from de Boodt’s text. Numerous woodcuts in text. Signature of “I. Bornius”—probably Ignaz von Born, 1742- 1791, the famous Hungarian mineralogist, see 1778—on the inside fly-leaf. Contemporary full vellum with overlapping fore-edges; leather spine label. A very clean copy.

Third edition of Boodt (Sinkankas 781) bound with the first edition of De Laet’s treatise (Sinkankas 3747). “While Laet necessarily covers much of the same ground as De Boodt, he does add new material and corrects some of the errors and therefore lends credence to the view that his work was deliberately written as a supplement to the De Boodt edition of 1647, and especially in view of the fact that the title of that edition refers to Laet’s work as an integral part thereof. However, F.D. Adams, Birth & Development of Geological Sciences (p.163) treats it as an independent work, calling it an important lapidary ‘written under the influence of De Boodt,’ and ranking it with Thomas Nichol’s Lapidary, 1652. Whatever arguments may be advanced, it is true that Laet’s work appears frequently upon the market in separate form… and with no suggestions that it is part of De Boodt” (Sinkankas 3747). De Laet’s book includes a translation (in Latin and Greek, with commentary) of Theophrastus’s De Lapidibus (Sinkankas 6590). Adams (p.21) points out that the appearance of Theophrastus’s “Greek text with a Latin translation and commentary” by De Laet was only the second printing of this “interesting but fragmentary treatise” (the first in Greek published by Aldus in Venice, 1496), and the first printing in Latin. Theophrastus (368- 284 B.C.) had written the first treatise, now lost, on fossils; that work had an influence on Pliny. Hoover 499 (De Laet). Ward & Carozzi, 253 (Boodt) and 1307 (De Laet). Purchased by Quaritch at Sotheby’s sale of the Earl of Bute’s scientific books on July 3-4, 1961 (lot 71); later sold to Jahn.

16 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

Catalogue of the Count’s Cabinet

[1656] Moscardo, Ludovico. Note overo Memorie del museo de Ludovico Moscardo nobile veronese, academico filarmonico, dal medesimo descritte, et in tre libri distinte. Nel primi si discorre delle cose antiche, le quali in detto museo si trouano. Nel secondo delle pietre, minerali, e terre. Nel terzo de corali, conchiglie, animali, fruitti, e altre cose in quello contenute. Padua: Paolo Frambotti, 1656. Folio. [20], 306, [13]pp. Engraved allegorical frontispiece; with 113 engravings in text. Old damp stain in text. Contemporary full calf, stained around edges, recent leather rebacking with leather spine label.

First printing (the second was issued in Verona, 1672). Illustrated catalogue of Count Moscardo’s natural history collection. “A celebrated and much-visited collection particularly rich in antiquarian objects was that of Ludovico Moscardo, a nobleman of Verona. The collection included most of the earlier Calceolari collection… and was visited by such worthies as John Ray (in 1663), Gilbert Burney (in 1685), and Mission (in 1687)… The catalogue is divided into three parts: Book I concerns artificial rarities, e.g., inscriptions, amulets, and statuary; Book II concerns minerals, rocks, earths and the like; while Book III describes living animals and plants. The marginal notations of Moscardo’s sources suggest an extensive up-to-date library was at his disposal, although much of the classification is based upon the works of Pliny and Dioscorides” (Jahn, The Lying Stones, pp.165-66). A second edition of this catalogue was printed in Verona in 1672. Cited by Beringer. Balsinger p331, noting that this “account and drawings of more important pieces” in Moscardo’s museum is “somewhat rare” (actually repeating Murray’s exact assessment). Grinke, From Wunderkammer to Museum, 23 (1672 ed.). Murray, II, p.154. Nissen ZBI, 2898. Sinkankas 4611. Wilson, The History of “The Renaissance witnessed a Mineral Collecting, p.218. renewed interest in nature, and collections of natural objects such as minerals, fossils, shells, feathers, dried plants, stuffed animals, which had been gathered from many parts of the world, were displayed in the houses of rich collectors. These ‘cabinets’ were shown to important visitors and were forerunners of our modern museums. Some collectors wrote detailed illustrated accounts of the holdings or catalogs while others hired curators to do so. These catalogs were distributed to the curious or scientifically inclined persons and are fundamental today for the understanding of ‘geological’ endeavors during that particular period, endeavors which continued to expand well into the eighteenth century” —Ward & Carozzi, Geology Emerging, p.7.

17 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

[1655] Worm, Ole. Museum Wormianum. Seu, Historia Rerum Rariorum, tam Naturalium, quam Artificialium, tam Domesticarum, quam Exoticarum, quae Hafniae Danorum in Aedibus Authoris servantur. Leyden: Ex Officina Elseviriorum, 1655. Folio. [12], 389, [3]pp. With the folding engraved view of Worm’s Museum (by B. Wingendorp) mounted on a stub and bound in as the frontispiece. With 139 woodcuts and 13 engravings (two full-page) in text—including the illustration of the giant Auk. Without the engraved portrait of Worm. Contemporary marble end-papers. Contemporary full calf, scuffed, wear at spine ends; lower front joint cracked; upper and lower joint on rear cover cracked; old stain along rear joint; decorative gilt-stamped spine panels with leather title label. “Wormianum” written at top of front cover. Text very clean and bright.

First edition. “A catalogue of the famous collection of natural and artificial rarities belonging to Ole Worm [Danish physician and collector, 1588-1654]… The Museum Wormianum was, for a hundred years after its publication, one of the most frequently cited references on fossils” (Jahn, The Lying Stones, p.163). “The splendid double-page view of the museum shows the actual arrangement of the specimens on open shelves with boxes and trays of shells, minerals, stones, rare earths and animal bones, the larger specimens on higher shelves mixed up with bronzes, antiquities and ethnographic objects, racks of spears and utensils, horns and antlers and stuffed animals hang on the wall and from the ceiling are suspended large fish, a polar bear and a Greenland kayak” (Grinke, 75). Arranged in four “books,” with the first devoted to fossils; the illustrations therein are chiefly woodcuts after Jan de Laet’s 1647 edition of Boodt [see 1647]. Schepelern describes Worm “as the continuator of the traditions of the great excerptors of the 16th century, namely Gesner and Aldrovandi.” Worm’s catalogue, Schepelern observed, “has been written with a practical motive. It is a continuous well-argued narrative on nature based on the objects Worm owned… The somewhat overlooked foreword to the folio contains the pedagogical principle applied by Worm in his teaching: to lead youth towards knowledge by direct observation and away from hollow verbiage” (Museum Wormianum, 1977). And Balsinger commented, “The catalogue is a summary of the scientific opinion of the times, and a practical exposition of the scope and aims of museology of the 17th century” (p.497). Murray, III, p.279. Nissen ZBI, 4473. Wood p.637.

[1655] Worm, Ole. Museum Wormianum. Leyden: Ludovicum & Danielem Elzeviros, 1655. Folio. [12], 389, [3]pp. With the engraved frontispiece portrait of Worm (engraved by B. Wingendorp after Carol van Mander), folding engraved view of Worm’s Museum (also by B. Wingendorp) bound before A1, 139 woodcuts and 13 engravings (two full-page) in text. Some foxing in last two signatures otherwise a very clean copy. Contemporary full mottled calf with decorative gilt- stamped spine, some slight cracking on joints, but a very tight copy.

First edition with variant imprint. Georges Cuvier’s copy, from the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, with small stamps from both on the title-page. Grinke 75, with this specific Elzevir imprint of “this great folio catalogue,” but without the portrait of Dr. Worm. Norman Library 4473 (this imprint). Willaert, no. 772. Cited by Beringer. The Freilich copy sold for $11,400. Jahn purchased this wonderful association copy from Quaritch in 1961.

18 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

[1664] Major, Johann Daniel. Dissertatio epistolica de Cancris et Serpentibus Petrefactis… cui accessit Responsoria Dissertatio Historico-Medica Ejusdem Philippi Jacobi Sachs… De Miranda Lapidum Natura. Jena: Fellgiebeli, 1664. 12mo. 110pp. Last leaf (G8), a blank, was not bound in. Title in red and black. Bound in modern three-quarter leather over marbled boards.

First edition. Major’s doctoral dissertation on petrified animals and the petrifaction process [it involved lots of salt], presented before Philipp Jacob Sachs, who then in turn presented his own ideas about the “miraculous stones of nature” with an overview of the literature on this topic [see 1664, next page, for an example of Sach’s writings on natural history] Major (1636-1693) became a professor of Medicine at Kiel and subsequently assembled a large natural history collection. Cited by Beringer as one of his sources. Murray, II, p.47 (cited as one of the works on museography); Murray quotes from this small work a number of times, and specifically praises the “wonderful catalogue of wonders collected” by Sachs and included in this book (p. 54 sqq.). In 1674, Major wrote “an influential early museological tract, Unvorgreiffliches Bedencken von Kunst- und Naturalien-Kammern insgemein” (Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.182). In that book Major was perhaps “the first to establish a theory on museum organization” (Balsinger p.322).

Settala Museum Catalogue

[1664] Terzago, Paolo Maria. Musaeum Septalianum. Tortona: Viola, 1664. 8vo. [8], 324, [2]pp + folding portrait of Manfredo Settala + engraved portrait of Manfredo’s father, Lodovico Settala [founder of the Settala mineral collection] mounted [as issued?] on frontis leaf. Woodcut coat-of-arms printed on p.[240]. Contemporary full polished calf with decorative gilt-stamped spine panels; old stain on covers and partially visible but lightly in text.

First printing of this catalogue of the large and varied collection of natural and artificial (e.g., musical instruments, Chinese porcelain) objects, first established by Lodovico Settala (1552- 1633). Not only was Lodovico “a noted physician, but he was also well-known as a philosopher, a man of letters, and a member of the Accademia degli Inquieti. He accumulated numerous archeological relics, paintings, manuscripts and curiosities, which were displayed to visiting scholars. Upon his death, the library and the galleria were maintained by his son, Manfredo. Under the direction of Manfredo (1660-1630) the Galleria Settala flourished and expanded, particularly in the direction of the physical sciences and the manual arts.” Eventually the Galleria Settala “served as a scientific research center” (Bedini, “The Evolution of Science Museums,” in Technology and Culture, Winter, 1965, pp.14-15). Graesse (VI, 67) notes that a part of this collection was later incorporated into Georg Rumpf’s library. Sinkankas 6570, noting “not seen” and adding “this book is famous for its speculation that meteorites may be fragments of the Moon.” Balsinger p.471. Murray, II, p.171. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, pp.39-40. An Italian translation was published in 1666; see Freilich copy (which sold for $3,330). This copy was purchased at Sotheby’s sale of the Earl of Bute’s scientific books on July 3-4, 1961.

19 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

The Curious Nature of Crabs—and Cabinets

[1665] Sachs Philip Jacob. Gammarologia, sive Gammororum, vulgo Cancrorum consideratio physico- philogico-historico-medico-chymica, un qua Praeter Gammarorum Singularem Naturam, Indolem et multivarium usum non minus reliquorum Crustatorum institutuitur Tractatio. Frankfurt & Leipzig: Fellgibel, 1665. 8vo. [44], 216, 219-835, 854-962, [44]pp index + double-page engraved allegorical frontispiece + ten plates (nine folding). Collates complete. Title in red and black. Small decorative stamp “Ex. Bibl. ad ai Mar Magab” verso of title. Contemporary full vellum, with “GWD/ 1666” stamped in black on the front cover. Very good copy.

First printing. An early work on crustacea, including fossils, by Sachs (1627-1672), author of several works on natural history and a member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum. As the title suggests, Sachs approached the topic from many sides—physiological, philosophical, historical, medical, and chemical. The well-executed plates depict various species of crabs as well as some fossils—and even one plate of a Silesian child with crab feet. But this is also a major contemporary work on museography, and Murray cites this “very curious” book often because Sachs “describes all the more important collections of his day, largely from personal knowledge” (I, p.21). Cited by Beringer. The detailed Index, bibliography, and errata—present here—are frequently lacking. BM Nat. History IV, 1779. Murray, II, p.47. Nissen ZBI, 3545.

First History of the Royal Society

[1667] Sprat, Thomas et al. The History of the Royal-Society of London, for the improving of natural knowledge. London: Printed by T.R. for J. Martyn and J. Allestry, 1667. 4to. [16], 438pp + [1] errata + two folding engraved plates + frontispiece of armorial design (leaf A). Contemporary polished calf, without front or rear paste-downs; rear joint partially cracked. A very clean and bright copy.

First edition, without the Hollar frontispiece, which was “only inserted in a very few copies” (Duveen, Alchemica et chemica, p.558). “An eloquently written account of the nature, organization, work and aims of the recently founded [in 1662] Royal Society. The work represents the Royal Society’s attempt to give itself a genuine British origin, exaggerating the influence of Francis Bacon and suppressing the importance of contributions from Continental scientists like Haak and Mersenne. The work contains two contributions by Robert Hooke” (Norman Library II, 1989). Sprat was one of the original Fellows of the R.S. and later served as Bishop of Rochester. According to Rudwick, “The achievements of the Royal Society in the realm of physical science have tended to obscure the wide range of interests of its Fellows, or, more seriously, to suggest that outside their mathematically inclined research they were merely indulging in sterile fact-collecting or dilettante dabbling in science. An indication of the inadequacy of that view is the fact that on one occasion when [Robert] Hooke wished to reassure the Society that its endeavors were not futile, he actually chose the problem of fossils as a paradigm example of the fruits of knowledge to be gained by following the ‘experimental’ method of enquiry” (p.53; our emphasis). Norman Library 1989. Purchased from Dawsons (London), 1963.

20 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

The Meaning of Natural Curiosities

[1668] Welsch, Georg Hieronymus. Dissertatio Medico-Philosophica de Aegagropilis. Augsburg: Praetorii, 1668. 4to. Engraved title-page + [6], 71, [9]pp + three plates; engraved title-page + 101, [23]pp + four plates. Second edition.

BOUND WITH:

Hecatosteae II. Observationum Physiomedicarum ad Illustrem Societatem Naturae Curiosorum in Germania. Augsburg: Goebel, 1675. 4to. Engraved title-page + [8], [1], 130, [5]pp + 12 plates by Melchior Haffner; 69, [26]pp. Bound together in contemporary full vellum; a very good, clean volume.

Two rare works by Welsh (1624-1676). The first title is in the second edition (first publ. 1660); the second work is in the first edition. In both, Welsh makes observations and offers ideas about the nature and meaning of the physical world, especially relating to figured stones and minerals. Beringer cites the second title as one of his references. BM Nat. History V, 2201, citing the 1660 edition of Dissertatio Medico-Philosophica de Aegagropilis.

Astonishing Fossils

[1669] Lachmund, Friderich. Oryctographia Hildesheimensis, sive Admirandium Fossilium, Quae in Tractu Hildesheimensi reperiuntur, Descriptio iconibus illustrata cui addita sunt alia de calculis, de fontibus, etc. Hildesheim: Jacob Muller, 1669. 4to. [24], 80, [4]pp + one folding plate. Woodcuts on 23 pages in text, some full page. Nine separate plates from another unrelated paleontological work of the same period laid in within blank leaves after the text. Old damp stain on edge of the text; some text browning. Probably eighteenth-century full polished calf, with decorative gilt-stamped panels, with added blank end-papers (paper ca. 1700).

First edition. Scarce descriptive treatise by Lachmund (1635-1676) on the “astonishing fossils” found near the German city of Hildesheim, concluding with a four-page index on the nomenclature of minerals. The work includes two introductory essays by other scientists: Johann Daniel Major [see 1664] and Friedrich von Hagen. “The Oryctographia contains many charming woodcuts similar to those found in the earlier Lapidaries. Lachmund was a physician of Osterwieck where, between 1673 and 1674, he described the hyobranchial apparatus of the swan and demonstrated that bats have tails. His position with regard to the origin of fossils was uncertain, but it was somewhere between the succus lapidescens of Agricola and the spiritus plasticus of Kircher” (Jahn, The Lying Stones, p.181). Cited by Beringer. Balsinger p.659.

21 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

[1672] Sherley, Thomas. A Philosophical Essay, Declaring the Probable Causes, when Stones are Produced in the Great World. London: Cademan, 1672. 8vo. [16], 143pp. Small old worming in the lower gutter of the last 13 leaves. Contemporary full calf, bound without paste-downs, later re-hinged.

First edition. Shirley, Physician-in-Ordinary to Charles II, writes about the origin of stones, taking the position that there were “petrified seeds” for the mineral kingdom much as there were organic seeds for the plant kingdom. Representative of the thought of the period. See Adams, Birth and Development of the Geological Sciences, p.87.

[1673] Ray, John. Observations Topographical, Moral, & Physiological; Made in a Journey through part of the Low-Countries, Germany, Italy, and France: with a Catalogue of Plants not Native of England… London: Printed for John Martyn, 1673. 8vo. [15], 499, [8], 115pp + four plates (two folding). Armorial bookplate of [Archibald?] Rowle on front paste- down. Contemporary full calf with some gilt rules on covers, original leather spine label; small worm hole on the spine and slight wear on corners, otherwise a very nice copy in its original state.

First edition. Ray’s first-hand account of his tour of the Continent, accompanied by three other naturalists, including Francis Willughby, whose own narrative “A Voyage through a great part of Spain,” is printed herein (pp.466-99). This volume also includes Ray’s separately paginated catalogue of European plants entitled Catalogus Stirpium in Exteris Regionibus. Keynes, John Ray, 21. An early work by “perhaps the greatest naturalist of the age” (Rudwick p.63). Norman Library 1791. Ward & Carozzi, 1842. Wood p.529.

[1674] Boccone, Paolo. Recherches et Observations naturelles… Amsterdam: Jean Jansson à Waesberge, 1674. 8vo. [6], 328pp + engraved allegorical title-page + 15 plates (two folding). British Museum duplicate copy (1831 sale), with small BM stamp on verso of title and at bottom of last leaf (p.328). Untrimmed copy bound in modern half morocco leather over marbled boards.

First edition thus. An anthology of sorts of various tracts by Boccone, collected from some earlier separate works first published in Paris between 1671 and 1673. Thirteen of the small engraved plates accompanying the text of this miscellany depict a variety of coral, marine fossils, figured stones, and fossilized fish teeth; one of the folding plates shows an unrealistic version of the eruption of Mt. Etna. An early work by this prolific Italian botanist (1633-1714) who taught at the Univ. of Padua and wrote a number of works about Mediterranean plant life. Cited by Beringer. Sinkankas 735 (citing 14 plates). Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 138 is a 1671 printing of one of the portions (issued without plates). Graesse I, p.457, citing the 1672 Paris edition as well as this “Nouv. ed. augm.” issue.

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[1675] Redi, Francesco. Experimenta circa res diversas naturales, Speciatim illas. Quae ex Indiis adferuntur. Amsterdam: Fris, 1675. 12mo. [2], 193, [15]; 111; [8], 72pp + 12 engraved plates (11 folding). Also two full-page illustrations in text. Printer’s device on title-page. Lacks an extra engraved title-page. Contemporary full vellum with the title neatly penned on spine; a very clean copy with interesting little plates.

First Latin edition of Redi’s “experiments on diverse natural things, particularly those which come from the Indies,” a collection of four works by the “celebrated medical naturalist” (Wood p.530). In the main piece, Redi (1626-1698) writes about unusual objects of nature, including fossils, “serpent stones,” mermaids (shown on one plate), and starfish. The second work is devoted to his observations on snakes (followed by two short letters). Redi’s pioneer work as an experimenter and the creation of a “culture of experimentation” is treated in detail by Paula Findlen (Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy, Chapter 5). BM Nat. History IV, p.1660. Nissen ZBI, 3322, wondering if a full complement of plates was 12 or 14—perhaps having been confused by the two full-page text illustrations not numbered as plates.

[1676] Geissler, Elias. Disputatio Historico-Physica de Amphibiis. Leipzig: Hahn, 1676. 4to. [16]pp. Contemporary marbled wraps with title in manuscript on cover. Attractive illustrated bookplate of naturalist Dr. J.M.W. Baumann on inside cover.

First and only printing of a brief treatise by a German professor (1641-1723) who attempted to classify all creatures who live in water—including ducks, hippos, frogs, certain insects, crabs, crocodiles, and turtles. Not in BM Nat. History.

Fossils in Settala’s Museum

[1676] Quirini, Giovanni. De Testaceis Fossilibus Musaei Septalliani. Venice: Valuasenis, 1676. 4to. 76pp. Vignette on title-page. Old damp stain through text. Presentation copy from Jacobus Grandius. Recent green morocco and green cloth boards.

First edition. Quirini’s description of the fossil shells in Manfredo Settala’s collection is followed by Grandius’s essay on the Universal Flood and the relationship of Settala’s fossils to that event, De Venitate Diluvii Universalis, & Testaceorum (pp.19-76). Murray, II, p.118. Ward & Carozzi, 1823 (under Quirini). Not listed in either Balsinger’s extensive thesis on cabinets of natural history or in Wilson’s “Bibliography of Collection Catalogs.”

23 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

Groundbreaking Study of Local Geology

[1677] P[lot], R[obert]. The Natural History of Oxfordshire, Being an Essay toward the Natural History of England. By R.P. Oxford: Printed at the Theatre, and are to be had there: and in London at Mr. S. Millers…, 1677. Folio. [12], 358 + [1] errata, [10]pp Index + 16 engraved plates + one folding (21.5 x 19 in.) engraved map [some old repairs made at folds]. Large engraved vignette on title-page. Round stain at the bottom of the title-page. Old paper repair made to tear on leaf A1; small tear and hole on Plate 10, tear on Plate 11. Signature of George Weare Braikenridge, dated 1813, on front paste-down; contemporary note on free front end-paper. Original full calf boards, cracked and rubbed, with later period leather rebacking and red leather spine label.

First edition, first issue, with the author’s name only in initials and this statement printed at the bottom of the title page: “The price of sheets at the Press, nine shillings. To Subscribers, eight shillings.” “Dr. Robert Plot [1640-1696], afterwards Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Professor of Chemistry at that Museum, Editor of the Philosophical Transactions, and finally Historiographer Royal, planned a Survey of England by counties, but only fulfilled it for Oxfordshire and Staffordshire. His work was unlike any of his predecessors’, in that his real interests were not historical, hardly antiquarian, least of all in the direction of family history, but—scientific. The title of his work and its chapters are sufficient to show this. He belonged to the new scientific school of which Robert Boyle was the chief exponent. The result is a singular medley of natural philosophy, palaeology, and the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms from man downward, with some diversions and dissertation; but the facts and phenomena described are of permanent value, though the author is credulous and inclined to believe in astrology”—Madan, Oxford Books, #3130, noting a press run of 750 copies. In his collation, Madan cites the last leaf as Bbb2, although this copy is Bbb1, with the word “Finis” at the end [of the Index]. Plot presented his material in ten chapters, with Chapter 5, “Of formed Stones” [fossils]. The chapter is notable as being the “earliest published account of a dinosaur bone.” Jahn believed strongly that Plot’s book “deserves special mention, if not for its charming style or for its influence upon Elias Ashmole (which persuaded him to establish the museum bearing his name at Oxford), at least because it took firm exception to the more ‘progressive’ views concerning the nature of fossils… Plot rejects both the universality of the Noachian Deluge and the opinion that the deluge was responsible either for fossils or for their placement… He was succeeded on the one hand by Woodward and Scheuchzer, who argued for the Deluge, and on the other by Edward Llwyd, who adhered to the Libavian concept of the aura seminalis, or spermatic principle” (The Lying Stones, pp. 170-71). Geikie p.77, noting the “map and sixteen beautiful engraved plates.” Hoover 651 (1705 ed., with long note, adding “Plot’s books are beautifully illustrated with plates by the master engraver Michael Burghers and contain a wealth of information on coins, fossils, and much local history and lore”). Nissen ZBI, 3192. Ward & Carozzi, 1801.

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Plot’s Second Issue

[1677] Plot, Robert. The Natural History of Oxfordshire, Oxford: Printed at the Theatre, and are to be had there: and in London at Mr. Moses Pits…, [1677]. Folio. [12], 358pp, [1] errata, [10]pp Index + 16 engraved plates + one folding (21.5 x 19 in.) engraved map (repair made to tear). Old damp stain on upper edge and in lower corner throughout. Original full calf boards, worn and cracked, with later leather rebacking and leather spine label.

First edition, undated second issue, with author’s name spelled in full on the title-page and with a slightly different imprint (and no date on title-page). Madan does not record this issue. Plot’s book, Gunther said, “was a most notable achievement whether judged by the importance of its scientific contents, or the readable manner in which they were presented, or the value of the illustrations of nearly a hundred fossils engraved by Michael Burghers, the [Oxford] University chalcographer of the day” (Early Medicine and Biological Science, p.216). Cordeaux and Merry, A Bibliography of Oxfordshire (1955), no. 4.

Aldrovandi’s Museum

[1677] Legati, Lorenzo. Museo Cospiano annesso a quello del famoso Ulisse Aldrovandi Bologna: Giacomo Monti, 1677. Folio. [24], 532pp + engraved portrait + folding engraved view of the Aldrovandi’s Museum. With 96 small woodcuts through the text + a woodcut portrait of the dedicatee, Ferdinand III of Tuscany. Engraved chapter head- and tail-pieces. Title in red and black, with engraved vignette. Old damp stain in gutter. Contemporary full vellum, old stain partially visible, upper front joint cracked, exposing some cords but covers still attached.

First edition. Catalogue of the collection assembled by the famous Bolognese naturalist. “The Cospi collection incorporated the earlier museum of the great Bolognese polymath Ulisse Aldrovandi who died in 1605, and the catalogue by Legati, Professor of Greek at Bologna University, is sometimes regarded as forming a fourteenth volume to Aldrovandi’s monumental series of folios on natural history”—Grinke, From Wunderkammer to Museum, 35. The catalogue is arranged in five sections, including a section on fishes, shells, corals and fossils. Silvio Bedini remarked that “the Aldrovandi museum was merged with that of an amateur physicist and mechanician named Senator Ferdinando Cospi of Bologna to form the Museo Cospiano which was particularly popular with visitors on the Continent” (“The Evolution of Science Museums,” in Technology and Culture, Winter, 1965). Part of the novelty of visiting the Museo Cospiano was the nature of its custodian—a nattily dressed dwarf, Sebastiano Biavati; the folding plate shows him busy at work, assisting Senator Cospi. Balsinger pp.303-309. Murray, II, p.193 (“ an excellent catalogue”). Nissen ZBI, 2436, Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.209, erroneously citing a 1667 edition as well as this actual 1677 one.

25 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

Illustrated Study of Unicorns, Real & Mythic

[1678] Bartholin, Thomas. De Unicornu Observationes Novae. Amsterdam: Wetsten, 1678. 12mo. [14], 381, [15]pp + engraved frontispiece (by de Hooghe) + one folding (5.25 x 12 in.) plate. With 22 text illustrations, including 19 full- page. Later half calf and marbled boards, joints rubbed.

Second edition, revised and enlarged by the author’s son, Caspar. First published in Padua in 1645, this second edition of a detailed study on the unicorn—inspired by the presence of various fossilized horns—has more illustrations than the first edition and includes the attractive folding plate of the decorative “unicorn” horn housed in the treasury of St. Denis. Bartholin (1616-1680), a professor of anatomy in Copenhagen with a passion for zoology, traveled throughout Europe, collecting specimens as well as legends. While Murray (who cited this edition frequently) acknowledged that Bartholin was “an excellent anatomist,” he thought the doctor was “too fond of monsters and other things strange and unusual” (I, p.195). BM Nat. History I, p.194. Dictionary of Scientific Biography I, pp.482-83. Graesse I, 302. Murray, II, p.101. Nissen ZBI, 244.

Early Illustrated British Natural History

[1678] Lister, Martin. Historiae Animalium Angliae, tres tractatus. Unus de araneis. Alter de cochleis tum terrestribus, tum flaviatilibus. Tertius de cochleis marinis. London: John Martin, 1678. 4to. [8], 250pp + colophon + nine engraved folding plates (one of spiders and eight of mollusks). Contemporary leather and marbled boards with decorative gilt-stamped spine, slightly chipped at head, otherwise a fine, bright copy with handsome engravings.

First edition. Lister’s first work, representative of his many interests in the field of natural history. The book is divided into four sections: British spiders, land snails, fresh water and saltwater mollusks, and fossil shells. The section on fossils has a separate preface, and all have individual title-pages. Lister (1638-1712) “denied the organic origin of fossil shells despite their slight resemblance to shells of living mollusks. Lister was aware that this similarity was only superficial and that no such species were alive” (Ward & Carozzi, p.13). “In spite of his absurd views on fossils, Lister did useful service by publishing figures of fossils and of recent marine animals in [this] volume” (Edwards, The Early History of Paleontology, p.25). As Keynes notes, “most of the engraved plates representing mollusks were used again in Lister’s Historiae Conchyliorum (1685-92, 2d 1770). A 23-page Appendix was published separately in 1681. BM Nat History IV, p.1155. Dictionary of Scientific Biography, VIII, pp.415-17. Keynes, Martin Lister, 1. Nissen ZBI, 2527. Rudwick pp.61-63. Ward & Carozzi, 1391 (not citing the Appendix). Wood p.438.

26 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

Grew’s Famous Catalogue of Royal Society’s Collections

[1681] Grew, Nehemiah. Musaeum Regalis Societatis. Or a Catalogue and Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities Belonging to the Royal Society and preserved at Gresham College. Whereunto is Subjoyned the Comparative Anatomy of Stomach and Guts. London: W. Rawlins, for the Author, 1681. Folio. [12], 386, [2], 43pp + frontispiece portrait + 31 leaves of plates (one folding). Old damp stain in upper and lower gutter throughout, very light in places. Contemporary full calf, worn, with later leather rebacking; binding tight.

First edition of the “Great illustrated catalogue” of the Royal Society’s museum. Appended to the main catalogue is “Grew’s study of the stomach organs, which is the first zoological book to have the term ‘comparative anatomy’ on the title-page, and also the first attempt to deal with one system of organs only by the comparative method” (Garrison-Morton 297). Nine of the plates depict the entrails of various animals. Formally inaugurated in 1668, by 1681 the Society’s collection numbered “several thousand specimens, mostly zoological, mineralogical and anthropological, which had been received from 83 donors including Robert Boyle and Samuel Pepys. The ‘mineral’ portion of the collection included approximately 250 fossils and 450 mineral specimens… The catalog gives a good view of the extent of mineralogical knowledge in England three centuries ago” (Wilson, “Nehemiah Grew’s Museum Regalis Societatis 1681” in The Mineralogical Record, Sept.-Oct. 1991). Jahn pointed out, “The descriptions accompanying the catalogue are of special interest, as they reflect Grew’s wide acquaintance with contemporary literature and his tendency to attribute fossils to natural processes” (The Lying Stones, p.165). Grinke, From Wunderkammer to Museum, 64, noting that the Society’s museum was “a typical Wunderkammer collection with a strong emphasis on natural history and scientific curiosities.” Balsinger pp.184, noting “same general classification as the catalogue of Olaus Worm, with some rearragnement.” Murray, II, p.267. Nissen ZBI, 179. Norman Library, 945.

[1684] Sibbald, Robert. Scotia Illustrata; sive, Prodromus historiae naturalis in quo regionis natura, incolarum ingenia & mores, morbi iisque medendi methodus, & medicina indigena assurate explicantur… Edinburgh: Ex officina typographica Jacobi Kniblio et al, 1684. Folio. [10], 15, [14], 102, [6]; [6], 114, [6]; 56, [4]pp + 20 illustrations on 22 plates. Three parts in one volume, each with a separate title-page. With illustrated head- and tail-pieces and as well as some illustrated initials. Contemporary full calf, scraped in places and repaired, some wear on corners, with expert later rebacking, red leather spine label. Very clean copy.

First edition. One of the earliest writers on the discovery of fossils in Scotland. Murray called this the first “systematic account of the natural history of Scotland” (I, p.153). Allibone notes that Sibbald (1611-1722), “an eminent naturalist and antiquary,… was employed more or less upon [writing this book] during twenty years.” In the third section, Sibbald writes of animals as well as minerals, marine life, and fossils. Balsinger pp.453 lists the 1697 catalogue of Sibbald’s natural history collection. Murray, III, p.175. Ward & Carozzi, 2050.

27 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

One of the Finest Illustrated Works on Fish

[1686] Willughby, Francis. De Historia Piscium Libri Quatuor. Oxford: At the Theatre, 1686. Folio. [8], 343, 30, [1], [11]pp + engraved title-page [dated 1685]+ 187 engraved plates, all printed on recto only. Contemporary full paneled leather with expert period leather rebacking, blind-stamped spine panels and leather spine label. A fine copy.

First edition. “The first large English work on ichthyology… showing every kind of fish” (Wood p.626). Published posthumously through the extraordinary labor of Willughby’s close friend, the naturalist John Ray, who compiled the text from Willughby’s notes. “The scientific knowledge of Fishes may be said to have begun with the pioneer researches of Ray and Willughby in the seventeenth century. These zoologists, who were the first observers to distinguish definite ‘species’ in the organic world, laid the foundation of empirical details regarding fishes in their famous Historia piscium” (Zittel p.410). Ray and Willughby (1635-1672) were both fellows of the Royal Society, and not surprising the Society had a hand in seeing this book (of 500 copies) through the press, with a number of its members actually underwriting the costs of engraving the copperplates. In fact, most of the individual plates have the name of the specific sponsor etched in [e.g., Martin Lister], with the president of the Society, Samuel Pepys, being the major benefactor with 79 plates to his name. (Because of his largesse, the book is dedicated to Pepys.) Most benefactors, and the officers of the Society, were eventually paid off in copies of the book. Keynes devotes a chapter to the genesis and production of this book, and includes a list of all of the F.R.S. underwriters. Brunet V, 1458 (“assez rare”). Keynes, John Ray, 46. Norman Library 1793. Nissen 4417.

[1687] Geier, Johann Daniel. Schediasma, de Montibus Conchiferis ac Glossopetris Alzeiensibus… Frankfurt & Leipzig: Oehrlingium, 1687. 4to. 22, [2]pp. Printer’s device on last leaf. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with crossed geological hammers] on bottom of title-page.

BOUND WITH:

Klinchamerus, Christian. De Natura Mineralium Exercitationes quinque… Jena: Samuel Krebs, 1662. [28]pp. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with crossed geological hammers] on bottom of the title-page. Two tracts, bound together in recent green morocco and cloth boards.

First editions. Two separately published brief and quite scarce dissertations, one on fossilized seashells and shark’s teeth (Geier), the other being a synopsis of some opinions regarding the nature of fossils, mostly as represented by Aristotle and Agricola. Geier’s tract “is especially important for containing a description of his discovery at Weinheim of the deposits of middle Oligocene seasands, with the fossils in them, which was the earliest clue indicating that much of Europe had once been submerged” (Henry Sotheran, Cat. 913, 1956).

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[1690] Celius, George Henry. Cataclysmus Thuringiacus, vulgo Die Thüringische Sündfluth. Jena: Gollner, 1690. 8vo. 40pp. Recent red morocco and cloth boards. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with crossed geological hammers] on bottom of title-page.

Only printing of Celius’s dissertation on evidence of the Great Flood in eastern Germany.

[1690] Burnet, Thomas. The Theory of the Earth: Containing an Account of the Origin of the Earth, The First Two Books… The Second Edition. London: Printed by R. Norton, 1691. Engraved frontispiece + [17], 327pp + two double-page maps. Nine engravings also in text.

BOUND WITH:

An Answer to the Late Exceptions made by Mr. Erasmus Warren against the Theory of the Earth. London: Printed by R. Norton, 1690. [1], 85, [1]p advt.

WITH:

The Theory of the Earth… The Last Two Books, London: Printed by R. North, 1690. Engraved frontispiece + [13], 224pp.

WITH:

A Review of the Theory of the Earth, and of its Proofs: Especially in Reference to Scripture. London: Printed by R. Norton, 1690. [1], 52pp. Lacks rear paste-down. Folio. Old damp stain on front paste-down and first leaf, otherwise a very clean copy. Contemporary full leather, scuffed and a little scraped, some wear on spine end.

Second edition in English of Parts I and II of Burnet’s Telluris Theoria Sacra (first published in Latin in 1681, the first English published in 1684), with first printings of two other related works. All of these titles are primary works on the dilivuial theory of the earth. “Burnet [1635?-1715] is known as the author of some books of considerable eloquence, and interesting for their treatment of questions which have since been discussed by theologians and men of science… [In the Theory] Burnet maintained that the earth resembled a gigantic egg; the shell was crushed at the deluge, the internal waters burst out, while the fragments of the shell formed the mountains, and at the same catastrophe the equator was diverted from its original coincidence with the ecliptic” (Dictionary of National Biography). Ward & Carozzi, 404 (1690 ed.), 406 (A Review of the Theory…), and 407 (An Answer…). Allibone commented that upon publication of the Latin edition, “this work was met with great applause and even Charles II forgot his dogs and ladies long enough to give it an inspection, which amply rewarded his pains.” Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 194, describing another such omnibus gathering of the same works and editions (although with an additional Burnet tract regarding Warren) and noting the “force” that Burnet’s work had on “early geological writers.” Rudwick presents an excellent and succinct analysis of Burnet’s work and its indirect yet important influence on the debate about fossils in the 17th century (pp.77-80).

29 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

[1690] Warren, Erasmus. Geologia: or, a Discourse Concerning the Earth before the Deluge, Wherein the Form and Properties ascribed to it, In a book intituled The Theory of the Earth, Are Excepted against: And it is made appear, That the Dissolution of that Earth was not the Cause of the Universal Flood. Also a New Explanation of that Flood is attempted. London: Chiswell, 1690. 4to. [16], 359, [1]pp. With four engravings in the text. Contemporary panelled calf with blind-stamped decorations and small emblem of dog stamped in gilt on the cover. Very good copy.

First edition. Suffolk churchman refutes Burnet’s Telluris Theoria Sacra; see Burnet’s rebuttal, An Answer to the Late Exceptions made by Mr. Erasmus Warren against the Theory of the Earth. (1690, above). Ward & Carozzi, 2290.

Four Rare Tracts on the Nature of Minerals

[1691] Ciampini, Giovanni. De Incombustibili Lino, sive Lapide Amianto Deque illius filandi modo Epistolaris Dissertatio… Rome: Giannini, 1691. 15pp + one engraved plate.

BOUND WITH:

della Frata et Montalbano, Marco Antonio. Dell’Acque Minerali del Regno D’Vngheria. Venice: Albrizzo, 1687. [6], 27pp. With half-title leaf. Title-page cropped closely at bottom.

WITH:

Baier, Johann. Oryktographia Norica, sive rerum fossilium et ad minerale regnum pertinentium, in territorio Norimbergensi ejusque vicinia observatum succinta descriptio… Nürnberg: Michalellis, 1708. Extra engraved allegorical title-page, [8], 102pp + six folding engraved plates of fossils and shells. BM Nat. History I, 85. Nissen ZBI, 189.

WITH:

Heusinger, Johann Michael. Dissertatio de noctiluca mercuriali sive de luce quam argentum vivum in tenebris fundit… [Giessen]: Muller, 1716. [6], 50pp. Presentation inscription from the Praeses, Johann Georg Liebknecht [see under 1730], to Dr. [John] Woodward, penned at bottom of title-page.

First editions. Four rare tracts relating to minerals and fossils, originally issued separately but here assembled together and bound in vellum-backed contemporary boards, titles penned neatly on spine. The main item of interest in this volume is Baier’s monograph on invertebrate fossils in the area around Nuremberg, “one of the best works of the time” (Zittel p.21). As Jahn noted, Baier (1677-1735), a professor of anatomy and a president of the Academy of Naturae Curiosi, “considered the Mosaic Deluge responsible for fossils.” Cited by Beringer who thought (incorrectly) that Baier approved of the idea that fossils were the result of a “certain playfulness of Nature.” “To what other principle than to Nature playing artistically,”: Beringer argued, “can one ascribe the texture and design” of certain seemingly unique fossils? Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 75 and Ward & Carozzi, 97, both listing the Baier publication. Also Balsinger p.604. Della Frata et Montalbano was the author of an important early book on mining, Practica Minerale Trattato (1678). Maggs originally bought this copy at Sotheby’s sale of the Earl of Bute’s scientific books on July 3-4, 1961; Jahn subsequently purchased this collection from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge.

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[1692] Burnet, Thomas. Archaeologiae Philosophicae: sive, Doctrina antiqua de rerum originibus. London: Kettilby, 1692. 4to, [16], 358pp. One engraving in text (p.181). Contemporary full calf with small red leather spine label, expected wear on edges otherwise a very good copy.

First edition. Treatise on the origin of the Earth and the Deluge. Burnet is said to have fallen out of favor after publishing this book. Burnet “professes in this [book] to reconcile his theory [of the Earth] with the first chapter of Genesis, which receives a nonliteral interpretation; and a ludicrous account of the conversation between Eve and the serpent gave great offense” (Dictionary of National Biography). Purchased from Quaritch.

Mention of Formed Stones Helps Sale of Book

[1692] Ray, John. Miscellaneous discourses concerning the dissolution and changes of the world wherein the primitive chaos and creation, the general deluge, fountains, formed stones, sea-shells found in the earth… are largely discussed and examined. London: Smith, 1692. 8vo. [27], 259pp + 1p advts. With the Imprimatur leaf from Robert Southwell, President of the Royal Society. Contemporary full leather with later rebacking, some wear on edges otherwise a very good copy.

First edition. “In his discussion of the Noachian Deluge, Ray [1627-1705] revealed his considerable knowledge of paleontology and geology. In the much-debated issue of ‘formed stones’ (fossils), he supported the view that they were organic remains resulting from the divine intervention of the Flood” (Norman Library, 1795). Ray told his friend and scientific colleague Edward Lhwyd that at the “importunity of some friends I have inserted something concerning formed stones as an effect of the Deluge, I mean their Dispersion all over the Earth. Therefore you will find all I have to say in opposition to their opinion, who hold them to be primitive productions of Nature in imitation of shels [sic].” Ray was aware that Lhwyd planned on discussing this theory in his future work Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographica (1699), but Ray’s friends “extorted” him to cover the topic “upon the pretence [sic] that no man who hath written heretofore concerning the Deluge hath made any mention of them [fossils] & therefore such an addition, for the novity [sic] of the matter, would be acceptable to the curious, & give my book advantage of sale.” The publication was actually a financial success. Ray’s “chief importance in connexion with the history of paleontology is that he was the first to formulate a clear concept of the term ‘species,’ and paved the way for the advances in classification and nomenclature made in the next [18th] century” (Edwards, The Early History of Paleontology, p.33). Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 675, noting “Here was ‘the ablest botanist and zoologist of his day’ entering the geological field and being torn between his ecclesiastical beliefs. Part of it all was the controversy over fossil remains or ‘formed stones’—were they remnants of actual living plants and animals or the works of some strange power?” Faul & Faul pp.51-2. Keynes, John Ray, 81. Ward & Carozzi, 1843.

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[1693] Ray, John. Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge, its Causes and Effects. III. The Dissolution of the World, and Future Conflagration… London: Smith, 1693. 8vo. [24], 406pp + 2pp advts + four engraved plates. Contemporary full calf with later leather rebacking, old repair made to covers.

Second edition, corrected, of Ray’s Miscellaneous discourses, here extensively revised and enlarged by the author. The plates include one of ancient coins and three of fossil shells and fish. Keynes, John Ray, 82. Ward & Carozzi, 1844.

Dr. Woodward’s Famous Universal Solvent

[1695] Woodward, John. An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth; and Terrestrial Bodies, Especially Minerals; as also of the Sea, Rivers, and Springs. With an Account of the Universal Deluge: and of the Effects that it had upon the Earth. London: Wilkin, 1695. 8vo. [16], 277pp + 2pp advt. Contemporary full paneled decorative calf (with stamping in blind on covers, later expert period rebacking, with leather spine label. Small cut on front cover, otherwise a fine copy.

First edition of one of the major works written by Woodward (1661-1727), Professor of Physick in Gresham College and Fellow of the Royal Society. “Like so much connected with Woodward,” Jahn observed, this book “aroused almost immediate controversy and a flurry of pamphlets both for and against the Woodwardian system” (“A bibliographical history of John Woodward’s An essay toward a natural history of the Earth”). Much of Woodward’s theory was inspired by close inspection of his own fossil collection. While he believed, as few did at the time, that fossils were the remains of once-living plants and animals, Woodward argued that they were also the relics of the Great Flood. In this book, Woodward “devoted full attention to proving that fossils were laid down in the Deluge, and dismissed his opposition [i.e., Edward Lhywd] in a manner fitting his disposition… Woodward introduced into his deluge theory a concept which was destined for much debate—being generally scorned by Edward Lhywd and his followers and ‘refuted’ by Charles Leigh—the concept of the Universal Solvent, which Woodward acknowledged to be a ‘Supernatural Power… [which] acted in this Manner with Design, and with the highest Wisdom” (The Lying Stones, pp.176-77). “Woodward’s Essay was valuable in its time for its methodology combining first-hand observation with a unified method of obtaining information from distant sources, its strong argument in favor of the organic origin of fossils and its stimulation of interest in geological matters”—Norman Library 2262. “An important figure in the history of geology… This Essay had a wide effect in Great Britain and Europe” (Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 896), influencing the Swiss naturalist, Johann Jacob Scheuchzer. Cited by Beringer. BM Nat. History V, 2359. Graesse VII, p.473. Ward & Carozzi, 2359.

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Pembroke’s Copy of Shell Book

[1696] Lister, Martin. Conchyliorum bivalvium utriusque aquae exercitatio anatomica tertia. Huic accedit Dissertatio medicinalis de calculo humano. London, 1696. 4to. xliii, 173, 51pp + 10 plates (four folding), numbered 0-9. Presentation inscription from Lister to the Earl of Pembroke [Thomas Herbert, 1656-1733] on verso of the front flyleaf. Title-page browned along edges from offsetting of inside cover. Contemporary full leather with decorative gilt-stamped spine, slight chipping at spine ends otherwise a very good copy with fine plates.

First edition of this rare privately printed work. Includes, with separate pagination, Lister’s Dissertatio Medicinalis de Calculo Humano. Jeffrey Carr notes that the main text (along with two other books), “was intended as an anatomical supplement to the Historia sive Synopsis methodicae conchyliorum [see 1770],” and that these books “were of greater scientific value” than the folio collection of 1000+ illustrations. The delicate and detailed line work of the plates in this book suggest that Lister’s wife, Anna, and daughter, Susanna may have drawn the originals and in fact also etched the plates, as they did for much of Lister’s mammoth work on shells, Historiae sive Synopsis methodicae conchyliorum et tabularum anatomicarum. Keynes, Martin Lister, 20, pointing out that the unsigned plates were “probably engraved by Anna and Susanna Lister.” BM Nat. History p.1696. Nissen ZBI, 2526. Regarding the Earl of Pembroke, “Maittaire, in his Annales Typographici, calls [Pembroke’s] library a ‘Bibliotheca exquisitissima’… Dibdin also states that Lord Pembroke spared no expense for books, and that he was ‘a collector of everything the most precious and rare in the book-way” (Fletcher, English Book Collectors, p.138). The Earl served as the President of the Royal Society of London in 1689-90.

Danish Museum Catalogue

[1696] Jacobaeus, Oliger. Muséum Regium; Seu, Catalogus rerum tam naturalium quàm artificalium, quae in basilica bibliothecae augustissimi Daniae Norvegiaeq[ue] monarchae Christiani Quinti Hafniae asservantur. Copenhagen: Schmetgen, 1696. Folio. 201, [5]pp + engraved frontispiece + 36 (of 37) engraved plates, with the double-page Plate 15, but no Plate 16 bound in. Title in red and black with engraved vignette. Elaborately engraved chapter head-and tail-pieces as well as initials. Ownership signatures (dated 1786 and 1832) on front flyleaf. Contemporary full calf, all edges rubbed, with decorative gilt-stamped spine, joints starting but covers tight; with contemporary marbled end-papers.

First edition of this elaborate catalogue of the Royal Museum of Natural History at Copenhagen. This large collection of natural (e.g., shells and stones) and artificial (e.g., weapons, coins) was established by Christian V (1646-1699) of Denmark (and later continued by his successor, Frederick IV). Balsinger p.141 and 279-80. Brunet III, p.479. Murray, II, p.190.Nissen ZBI, 2081. Ward & Carozzi, 1676. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.209, only citing 18 plates.

33 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

Elephant Bones Controversy

[1696] Tentzel, Wilhelm Ernest. Epistola de Sceleto Elephantino Tonnae nuper effosso, ad Virum toto orbe celeberrimum Antonium Magliabechium Serenissimi Magni Hetruaria Ducis Bibliothecarium et Concoliarium. Gotha: Litter Reyherian, [1696]. 12mo. [32]pp. Recent three-quarter morocco and marbled boards. Fine copy.

First edition. Brief essay puzzling over the nature of fossil elephant bones and their relationship to the Great Flood. Jahn cited this essay as “perhaps the best example” of the controversy over the nature of fossilized bones. “Wilhelm Ernest Tentzel, historiographer to the dukes of Saxony, entered into a controversy with the Medical Faculty at Gotha in 1696, in a cause célèbre regarding the skeleton of an elephant. It was uncovered by workmen digging ‘pure white sand’ for export, near Tonna in Thuringia, in December, 1695. The Medical Faculty decided that the bones represented either the skeleton of a fossil unicorn or a ‘mineral mimicking an animal production.’ Tentzel maintained them to be ‘the real bones of an Elephant, but calcined by subterraneous heat, and in a great measure petrified.’ Tentzel did, however, consider these as having been deposited in the Universal Deluge” (The Lying Stones, p.168). Zittel p.134, noting “The skeleton found at Burgtonna was one of the most famous discoveries, as it gave rise to a dispute between Ernst Tentzel and the medical faculty in Gotha.” Cited by Beringer.

Survey of the Known World, With Fine Plates & Maps

[1696] Zahn, Johann. Specula Physico-Mathematico-Historica Notabilium ac Mirabilium Sciendorum, in qua Mundi Mirabilis Oeconomia, nec non Mirifice Amplus, et Magnificus ejusdem adbite reconiditus… Nürnburg: Lochner, 1696. Folio. Three books in one volume (each with separate signatures). [50], 448 + [7]pp + engraved portrait, engraved title-page + 25 plates, most double-page (including one folding plate and six folding tables; [14], 460, [8]pp + engraved portrait, engraved title-page + 24 plates (most double-page) and three folding tables; [10], 248, [7]pp + engraved portrait, engraved title-page+ six plates, and two folding tables. First title in red and black. Text browned throughout as usual. Contemporary full vellum, soiled, with title penned on spine; a tight copy.

First edition. Wide-ranging, detailed survey of natural history, astronomy, geophysics, geography, etc. Book I deals with astronomy and meteorology; Book II covers earthly matters—geology, minerals, botany, zoology; Book III concerns the realm of man, including anatomy and intelligence. This copy has a total of three engraved frontispiece title-pages, three engraved portraits, 12 double-page tables (not in pagination), and 55 maps and plates (most double- page). Cited by Beringer.

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[1699] Hartmann, Philipp Jacob. Succincta Succini Prussica historia et demonstratio. Berlin: Rüdiger, 1699. 8vo. [8], 48pp. Stapled into recent cloth and boards, staples (in blank margins) a little rusty.

First edition. Scarce essay on insects in amber; an abstract in English was published in the Philosophical Transactions, 1749. This 48-page paper is a succinct “condensation” (in Sinkankas’s word) of Hartmann’s earlier Succini Prussici physica & civilis historia (1677), “the best and most thorough work yet to appear on amber.” Sinkankas 2784, this edition; he also lists the 1677 edition as well as a London issue (in Latin) of this 48-page work, also published in 1699. Hartmann (1648-1707) was a professor of history and medicine at Königsberg University. Ward & Carozzi (1012) citing the 1677 work.

First Book Devoted Solely to British Fossils

[1699] Lhwyd, Edward. Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia sive Lapidum aliorumque Fossilium Britannicorum singulari figura insignum… London: Ex officina M.C., 1699. 4to. [16], 139, [4]pp + 23 plates [bound between N2 and N3]. Two text woodcuts. Armorial bookplate on front paste-down. Untrimmed copy bound in later eighteenth-century full polished calf with decorative gilt-stamped spines, slight wear at ends. Some spotting and soiling but overall a very good copy, with the Imprimatur leaf.

First edition. Rare. One of 120 copies printed. Twenty copies were reserved for Lhwyd, the remaining one hundred were distributed among the ten original subscribers (ten copies apiece) listed on the Imprimatur, including Martin Lister and Isaac Newton. “This work, which is a methodical catalogue of the figured fossils of the Ashmolean Museum, Lhwyd had expected the university to print at its own expense, but this being refused, it was printed at the expense of Sir Isaac Newton, Sir Hans Sloane, and a few others of Lhwyd’s learned friends” (DNB). “Chief among the catalogues of private and public museums published in England during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries” (Jahn, “A note on the editions of Edward Lhwyd’s Lithophylacii Britannici ichnographia”). Ward & Carozzi observed that in this work Lhwyd “proposed that most fossils had grown in situ from the same seed as the living organisms which they resembled; these seeds had been swept up into the rocks through fissures” (p.13). The plates in this first printing of “the first illustrated catalogue of a public collection of fossils to be published in England” (DSB VII, p.307) are printed on larger paper than the accompanying text. Jahn reprinted the English translation of Lhwyd’s “celebrated” letter to John Ray “on the origin of marine fossils” which first appeared here (see The Lying Stones, pp.142-53). Murray, I, p.330. Nissen ZBI, 2499. Ward & Carozzi, 1382 (reproducing the title-page on p.309). Hoover owned a copy of the 1760 edition, but not a copy of the rare first edition (Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 53). Keynes, Martin Lister, 63, noting Lhwyd’s dedication of this study to Lister. Also see Jahn’s “The Old Ashmolean Museum and the Lhwyd Collection,” IN: Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 4:5, 1966, pp.244- 48. Cited by Beringer. Wheldon & Wesley originally bought this copy at Sotheby’s sale of the Earl of Bute’s scientific books on July 3-4, 1961.

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[1700] Leigh, Charles. The Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak, in Derbyshire, with an Account of the British, Phoenician, Armenian, Greek, and Roman Antiquities in those parts. Oxford, 1700. Folio. [20], 4pp list of subscribers, [4], 196, [1]; [2], 97, [1]; 112, [35]pp With engraved frontispiece portrait + 23 plates (including two plates of coat-of-arms, tear on bottom edge of one plate) + one folding colored map. Some spotting on frontispiece; contemporary signatures on title- page. Contemporary paneled calf, scraped on covers, wear on corners, with original red leather spine label; joints split but cords holding. Generally a very clean copy.

First edition. “Leigh’s opinions on the nature of fossils are not remarkable, except for their conformity. Leigh accepted the universality of the Mosaic Deluge, but not Woodward’s concept of the waters of the flood (i.e., the Universal Solvent power of these waters)” (Jahn, The Lying Stones, p.179). Jahn also saw Leigh’s book as “typical of the works of those ‘humble admirers of Natural History’… It is one of a great quantity of treatises written by learned dilettantes in the eighteenth century.” Cited by Beringer. Nissen ZBI, 2436. Ward & Carozzi, 1359.

[1702] Perrault, Claude. The Natural History of Animals: containing the anatomical description of several creatures dissected by the Royal Academy of Science at Paris… London: Published by an order of council of the Royal Society; printed by R. Smith, 1702. Folio. [6], 267, [15], 40pp + elaborate extra engraved title-page + 35 engraved plates. Old light damp stain partially visible on upper corner, overall very good. Contemporary full paneled calf, scuffed, with recent leather rebacking and red leather spine label.

Third edition in English of this classic work on comparative anatomy, with interesting plates showing animals alive as well as with detached and detailed body parts. Earlier English editions were 1688 and 1701. Nissen ZBI, 3125, citing the 1688 and 1701 English edition, but not this 1702 issue.

[1703] Ray, John. Methodus Plantarum Emendata et Aucta. London [Amsterdam]: Smith & Walford, 1703. 8vo. [33], 202, [26]pp + engraved frontispiece portrait of Ray (by Faithorne) + two folding tables. Engraved bookplate of John Earl of Bute mounted on verso of title. Corner of title repaired. Contemporary full paneled calf, some scraping and rubbing as expected otherwise a very good copy.

Second edition [?]—ostensibly a second edition of Ray’s Methodus Planatrum Nova [1682], but as Keynes noted, “it is not really a second edition… but is a new book based on the Historia Plantarum.” Because Ray could not find a London publisher for this edition, the Dutch botanist Peter Hotton arranged for 1,100 copies to be printed in Amsterdam by Jansson & Waasberg. John Stuart, Earl of Bute, once Prime Minister, owned the finest mineral collection in English. Keynes, John Ray, 42. Purchased from Quaritch, 1962.

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[1704] Woodward, John. Specimen Geographiae Physicae quo agitur de terra, et corporibus terrestribus speciatim mineralibus… Zurich: Gessner, 1704. 8vo. [14], 231, [21]pp. Contemporary full vellum with armorial lion (holding a book) stamped on black on both covers; purple ink stamp of “Stadt Bibliothek/ Zurich” on verso of title and old shelf number of spine, otherwise a fine copy.

First Latin Edition of Woodward’s Essay toward a Natural History…, translated by his Swiss colleague, the naturalist Johann Jacob Scheuchzer. Scheuchzer’s encounter with Woodward’s original English text of this book (and then later his lengthy correspondence with the English scientist himself) had a profound influence on the Swiss virtuoso. Scheuchzer abandoned his position on the direct origin of fossils and embraced Woodward’s theory that fossils were of organic origin, deposited in the strata by the waters of the Great Deluge. Jahn, “A bibliographical history of John Woodward’s An essay toward a natural history of the Earth,” pp.193-94. Jahn did not own a copy of this edition at time he wrote his bibliographical study. Cited by Beringer.

Rumpf’s Famous Cabinet of Amboina

[1705] Rumpf, Georg Eberhard. D’Amboinische Rariteitkamer. Amsterdam: Halma, 1705. Folio. 340, [43]pp + engraved title-page + engraved portrait + 60 engraved plates. Title in red and black with engraved vignette. With two engraved head- pieces and two tail-pieces. Contemporary full leather, rubbed with old stain on back cover; joints cracked, backstrip badly chipped. Small damp stain in gutter of last few leaves; despite the binding’s flaws, the text and plates are fine.

First edition. Descriptive catalogue of crustacea, mollusks, and minerals, and fossils of the Malay archipelago; one of the first modern works on tropical fauna. “This rare folio is important because of its early descriptions and depiction of faunal (mainly marine) life in the Dutch East Indies (the Moluccas especially) at the end of the seventeenth century” (Wood, p.545). “The famous Georg Rumpf (1637-1706), a merchant and scholar who had lived and collected for many years in the Dutch East Indies, brought his extensive Rariteitkamer back to Amsterdam upon his retirement; it included minerals, metals, stones, and especially shells, all described and illustrated in a lavish catalog” (Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.115). Murray informs us that Rumpf was “a member of the Academy of Naturae Curiosi, in which he took the title ‘Plinius Indicus’” (I, p.147). Murray, III, p.146 (“an excellent collection of shells”). Nissen ZBI, 3520. Shell Books (1684-1912) and Shells: An Exhibition from the Collection of Wayne Harland (Broward County Library, 1998), #3. Ward & Carozzi, 1937, only citing the 1743 re-issue.

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[1707] Lhwyd, Edward. Archaeologia Britannica, giving some account additional to what has been hitherto publish’d, of the languages, histories and customs of the original inhabitants of Great Britain: from collections and observations in travels through Wales, Cornwall, Bas-Bretagne, Ireland and Scotland. Vol. I. Glossography [all published]. Oxford: Printed at the theater for the author, 1707. Folio. [20], 312, 3; [110], 425-436, [4]pp. Armorial bookplate on front paste- down. Contemporary full polished calf with decorative spine. Joints cracked, exposing cords, but covers attached. Old damp stain along bottom (blank) edge. Presentation copy from Lhwyd to William Ball, 1708 (at bottom of the title-page).

First edition. Lhwyd’s last publication to appear in his lifetime, this book is “an elaborate comparative etymology of the Celtic Languages, with Welsh, Irish, Cornish and Breton grammars and dictionaries… The book was published by subscription [but] many of the subscribers were dissatisfied that the first volume should be purely philological, and no second volume appeared” (DNB). J.M. Edmonds stated that this volume “contained the first comparative study of the Celtic languages and an Irish Gaelic dictionary. Thus, Lhwyd can be considered the founder of comparative Celtic philology” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography VIII, 307-08. Lowndes proclaimed it “an excellent work, of inconceivable use to our British antiquarians” (II, p.1386). The book was reprinted by the Irish University Press in 1971.

Isaac Newton Approves of This Book

[1708] Scheuchzer, Johann Jakob. Ouresiphoites Helviticus, sive, Itinera Alpina tria: in quibus incolae, animalia, plantae, montium altitudines barametricae, coaeli & soli temperies, aquae medicatae, mineralia, metalla, lapides figurati, aliaque fossilia & quicquid insuper in natura, artibus & antiquitate… London: Henrici Clements, 1708. Three volumes bound consecutively with a general title-page as well as a special title-page for each Part. Engraved frontispiece portrait + frontispiece view + [8], 57pp + 10 plates; folding frontispiece + [4], 72pp + 21 plates (one folding); frontispiece + [4], 22pp + 10 plates (one folding). Complete with a total of 45 engraved plates. Contemporary full paneled calf, slightly scraped, front cover detached (but present), but text and plates fine.

First edition. Major work by Scheuchzer shortly after he embraced the organic origin of fossils. In 1704 Scheuchzer was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London where he later had this book published. Scheuchzer dedicated this volume to the Society, “while the plates illustrating it were executed at the expense of various fellows of the Society, including the president, Sir Isaac Newton (whose imprimatur appears on the title-page), Hans Sloane, Dean Aldrich, Humphrey Wanley, etc.” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed.). In fact, Newton underwrote the cost of the three frontispieces (and is so acclaimed in their legend). Other generous Fellows included Martin Lister, Edmund Halley, Edward Lhwyd, and John Woodward with one plate each. This book, based upon the author’s frequent exploring expeditions over

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Switzerland, covers many topics, including botany, metallurgy, the movement of glaciers, as well as barometrical and mineralogical observations. Melvin Jahn believed that “as a figure in the history of science, [Scheuchzer’s] contributions and worth have been vastly underrated. Scheuchzer possessed the restless intellect and pervasive sort of genius that characterized many of the virtuosi. His work in many areas is that of an innovator, but an innovator with a degree of perception and a sense of intuitive method not often found” (Jahn, “Some notes on Dr. Scheuchzer and on Homo diluvii testis,” pp. 194-5). “Scheuchzer [1672-1733] was a prodigious writer and explorer amid the mountains of his native Switzerland, writing in geology, geophysics, natural sciences, and medicine and corresponding with some of the greatest scholars of his day… He had the honor of being one of the pioneers in correctly explaining the origin of fossils” (Hoover, De Re Metallica). Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 718. Cited by Beringer. Nissen ZBI, 3656. Ward & Carozzi, 1966 (reproducing the title-page on p.393). See Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.120. Purchased from Quaritch in 1961.

Scheuchzer’s Famous Fish Trial

[1708] Scheuchzer, Joannes Jakob. Piscium Querelae et Vindiciae Expositae a Johanne Jacobo Scheuchzero… Zurich: Gesner, 1708. 4to. 36pp + five large folding plates [plus one extra plate of a fossil, from an unknown work of 1725, laid in]. Old damp stain on largest of the plates (9x23 in.) other text and plates fine. BM Nat. History p.1830. Nissen ZBI, 3663.

BOUND WITH:

Klein, Jacob Theodor. Mantissa ichtyologica de sono et auditu piscium. Leipzig: Gledischium, 1746. BM Nat. History p.992. 4to. [4], 30pp. Bound together in contemporary full mottled calf, original marbled end-papers, with armorial (French) bookplate dates 1809 (name “Monsieur Rousseau” penned on the verso of the large plate). Signature “Demigreu 1759” written on the rear flyleaf. Decorative gilt-stamped spine (floral design). Very good copy.

First edition of both works. Scheuchzer’s “great polemic” (Jahn) illustrated with fine plates of fossil fish from specimens in Scheuchzer’s own “museum.” Jahn called Scheuchzer’s brief work—whose title translates as The Grievances and Claims of the Fishes—the “most remarkable” of all of the naturalist’s writings, “if not indeed among the whole scientific literature. The short treatise is a contrived attack upon scholars who attributed fossils to any circumstances save the Universal Deluge. While much of the tract is devoted to anatomical descriptions of the several fossil fish found in Switzerland, an equal proportion is devoted to [a] pithy attack upon misguided scholars. The treatise deals with a trial of mankind by the fish, who were drowned in the Mosaic inundation because of man’s wickedness, and indeed perished with him” (The Lying Stones, p.173). Rudwick suggested that Scheuchzer probably wrote this unusual book “to counter Karl Lang’s use of Lhwyd’s theory for the interpretation of Swiss fossils” (p.87—see Lange, 1708]. Joseph Levine called Scheuchzer’s illustrated tract, “the most amazing of his many publications” (Dr. Woodward’s Shield, p.276). A zoologist with many diverse interests, Jacob Theodor Klein wrote about fossils in a number of his works, and in fact in 1740 he edited Scheuchzer’s posthumously published Sciagraphia lithologica curiosa, seu lapidum nomenclator. Beringer cited the Scheuchzer work.

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[1708] Lange, Carl Nicolaus. Historia Lapidum Figuratorum Helvetiae Ejusque Viciniae, in Qua non Solum Enarrantur Omnia eorum Genera, Species et Vires Aenesque Tabulis Repraesentantur, sed insuper adducuntur eorum Loca Nativa… Venice: Tomasini; Lucerne: Hautt & Halter, 1708. 4to. [28], 165pp + engraved frontispiece view of Lang’s geological cabinet [bound here before p.1] + 54 engraved plates.

BOUND WITH:

Appendix ad Historiam Lapidum figuratorum. [Einsiedeln]: Monastery Einsedlensis, 1735. 12pp + one plate.

BOUND WITH:

Tractatus de Origine Lapidum Figuratorum in Quo diffuse disseritur, utrum nimirum sint Corpora Marina a Diluvio ad Montes Translata, et tractu temporis petrificata vel an a Seminio Quodam e Materia Lapidescente intra Terram generentur… Lucerne: Anna Felicitarus Hautt, 1709. [8], 80pp.

BOUND WITH:

Methodus Nova et Facilis Testacea Marina Pleraque, quae huc usque nobis nota sunt, un suas debitas et distinctas Classes, genera, et species distribuendi… Lucerne: Henrici Rennwardi Wyssing, 1722. xii, [1], 102, [2]pp. 4to. Bound together in contemporary full leather, scuffed and worn along the edges; bookplate of U.S. Geological Survey on paste-down and small USGS stamp on each title-page. Overall a tight copy with clean, attractive plates.

First editions. A collection of three separate and important works by Lange. The first text— Historia Lapidum—is the first printing of a scarce work explaining and illustrating the origins of fossils, and it is accompanied by the rare, often-lacking Appendix. Lange [also spelled Lang, 1640- 1741] was a physician at Lucerne who assembled his own “Museum Lucernense Langianum,” consisting, according to Wilson, “mainly of minerals and fossils, [and] was acquired by the Natural History Museum in Lucerne in 1858 (History of Mineral Collecting p.179). The title frontispiece in the first work is a handsome view of Lange’s “cabinet.” Lange was an “enthusiastic support” (Zittel) of Lhwyd’s concept of the direct origin of fossils and in these books wrote “that all fossils found in rocks derived from seeds which had been transported by subterraneous currents and had been lifted through porous rocks to their present location where they germinated under the stones” (Ward & Carozzi, p.13). As Patsy Gerstner notes in DSB, Lang “was categorically opposed to the idea of [fossils’] organic origin and particularly argued against the conception of the diluvialists that fossils were animals destroyed in the Flood.” Understandably cited by Beringer, who referred constantly to Lange’s writings; also see Jahn, The Lying Stones, p.170, n.4. Dictionary of Scientific Biography VIII, p.4. Geikie p.98. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 505 (a copy with Historia Lapidum and Tractatus bound together). Nissen ZBI, 2375 (Historia and the Appendix). Ward & Carozzi, 1321 (the first and third titles bound together; with the title-page of Historia reproduced on p.289); 1322 (Tractus). Zittel p.18 (“good figures of fossils”). The Freilich sale offered the first title alone ($1300) and the second and third titles bound together ($3600)

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[1709] Ray, John. The wisdom of God manifested in the works of the creation. London: Printed by J.B. for Benj. Walford, 1709. 8vo. [22]. 17-464pp + engraved frontispiece portrait. Lacks free front end- paper. Contemporary full panelled calf, stamped in blind, joints starting but still a sturdy copy.

Fifth edition, corrected and enlarged, but in fact this is identical with the fourth edition of 1704; first published in 1691. “Certainly his most popular and influential achievement… It supplied the background for the thought of Gilbert White and indeed for the naturalists of three generations; it was imitated and extensively plagiarized by Paley in his famous Natural Theology; and more than any other single work it initiated the true adventure of modern science, and is the ancestor of the Origin of Species” (Raven, John Ray, Naturalist, p.452). Keynes, John Ray, 63. Ward & Carozzi, 1845.

The Founder of Paleobotany

[1709] Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Herbarium Diluvianum Collectum a Johanne Jacobo Scheuchzero, Med. D… Zurich: Gesner, 1709. Folio. 44pp + engraved title-page + 10 engraved plates. Contemporary full mottled calf, front joint starting at top and bottom; old damp stain in lower gutter, otherwise a very good copy.

First edition. First catalogue of Scheuchzer’s “famous collection” written “with the intention to prove that the biblical deluge had transported fossil shells and other relics” (Ward & Carozzi, p.7-8). This work contains “a series of fourteen good plates of fossil plants, together with some corals and other plant-like organisms” (Geikie p.100). Scheuchzer dedicated each plate to a specific person, either a prominent citizen, a patron, or a fellow scientist. For example, Plate II is dedicated to the Most Illustrious Isaac Newton (President of the Royal Society) while Plate VI, the lovely illustration of a fern fossil printed in sepia, is dedicated to the Celebrated Dr. John Woodward. “One of the earliest works devoted principally to impressions of fossil plants, which figured largely in the Flood discussions of the time” (Edwards, The Early History of Paleontology, p.12). Scheuchzer is “considered the founder of paleobotany and his ‘Herbarium Diluvanium’ remained a standard work through the nineteenth century” (DSB). “Within the straits of scriptural orthodoxy and in an intellectual climate still imbued with scholastic ideas, Scheuchzer’s diluvialist paleontology was comfortably accepted. He maintained a tremendous correspondence and was widely quoted—to the point that Moro dubbed him ‘the Helvetic Pliny.’ By accepting Woodward’s contrived blend of physical and supernatural causes for the Deluge, he effectively defused the arguments against the organic origin of fossils, and therein lies his greatest contribution. The impetus he gave to the study of European paleontology and paleobotany was felt for about century” (Faul & Faul, p.61). Cited by Beringer. BM Nat. History p.1830. Nissen BBI, 1752. Ward & Carozzi, 1967.

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Underground Riches of Saxony

[1709] Mylius, Gottlieb Friedrich. Memorabilium Saxonie Subterranea. Leipzig: Friedrich Groschussen, 1709-1718. 4to. Engraved allegorical frontispiece + [6], 80, [21]pp + 13 engraved plates (many folding); 89pp + 16 engraved plates (many folding). Also with 16 engravings in text. Early ownership mark (in ink) of Bibl. Snozzi [Scholtzii? ] on the front paste-down. Armorial arms of publisher and book- collector Friederich Roth-Scholtz engraved on verso of title. First title in red and black. Browned throughout and small holes in the upper margin of the frontispiece and first four leaves, causing the loss of three letters. Contemporary full vellum, very good.

First edition. First and second parts of a “valuable work on the rocks [including fossils] of the Thuringian district” (Zittel, p.34). “Splendidly illustrated work on the underground riches of Saxony, but with most space given to fossils, dendritic stones, figured stones, etc… Rare” (Sinkankas 4680, who notes 15 plates in Part I and 14 plates in Part II). The many plates include a large folding plate of a fossil fern, printed in pale sepia. Mylius (1675- 1726) was a German mineralogist who assembled a large mineral collection. He based this two- part work extensively on his collection, and once he had completed this study, Mylius prepared a catalogue of that collection and sold off his specimens (see Murray). Friedrich Roth-Scholtz (1687-1736) was a Nuremberg bookdealer who also assembled a collection of books on chemistry and science, and subsequently published a catalogue based on his collection, Bibliotheca chemica (1727). Cited by Beringer. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 603. Murray, III, p.42, Nissen ZBI, 2950. Ward & Carozzi, 1634. Purchased from Quaritch, 1960.

The Fossils of Saxony

[1710] Büttner, Daniel S. Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichen und Zeugen der Sündfluth, In Ansehung des itzigen Zustandes unserer Erd- und Wasser-Kugel… Leipzig: Braunen, 1710. 4to. [8], 314], [20]pp + engraved allegorical frontispiece by C. Taucher + one folding view of Querfurt + 31 plates (on 27 leaves, most folding), including a world map. Title in red and black. Contemporary half vellum and marbled boards. Plates browned as usual, otherwise a very good copy.

First edition of a rare study of fossils in Saxony. The title translates as Treatise on the Deposits which are Evidence of the Deluge. “Büttner [1660-1719] was firmly convinced of the diluvial origin of fossils, and was strongly opposed to those who attributed these ‘reliquiae diluviae’ to either the ‘lusus naturae’ or the spermatic principle” (Jahn, The Lying Stones, p.178). Also includes descriptions and illustrations of interesting plant and animal fossils. Cited by Beringer. Nissen ZBI, 610a. Ward & Carozzi (379) only list Büttner’s 1714 work on fossil coral. Purchased from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge (ca. 1965).

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[1710] Ray, John. Historia Insectorum. London: Churchill, 1710. 4to. [15], 400pp. Ownership markings of Emanuel Mendes da Costa (Fellow of the Royal Society) on the inside flyleaf; illustrated bookplate of Wm. George Pether and small “Ex Libris/Oliver Howard” on front paste-down. Scattered foxing. Worn contemporary leather, later rebacking laying down orig. backstrip, front joint cracked, hinge reinforced; contemporary marbled end- papers. With some pencilled marginalia in text.

First edition, preceded by a 10-leaf tract in 1705. Ray died before he had completed this manuscript and it was seen into press by the Royal Society which “resolved to print the material as it stood and without figures [plates]—Keynes, John Ray, 104. Ray began this work by using notes left by Francis Willughby. Emanual Mendes da Costa (1717-1791), the foreign secretary of the Royal Society, noted on the flyleaf that he purchased this copy at the auction of the library of Martin Folkes in 1756. Mendes da Costa was a professional mineralogist who was also very interested in fossils—see his A Natural History of Fossils [1757]. In his life-time, Martin Folkes (1690-1754), “the eminent antiquary and scientist” assembled a large library “very rich in works on natural history,” which was then sold at auction (Cf. Fletcher, English Book Collectors, pp.195- 7). A nice association copy of a very scarce book by the “father of British naturalism.”

Fine Copy of Morton’s Natural History

[1712] Morton, John. The Natural History of Northampton-shire; with Some Account of the Antiquities. To which is Annex’d a Transcription of Doomsday-Book, so far as it relates to That Country. London: Knaplock and Wilkin, 1712. Folio. iv, 551, 46, [10]pp + 14 plates and one folding (21.5 x 24 in.) map, expert repair made to tear. Armorial bookplate of Joseph Neeld [of Fulham, Middlesex] on the front paste-down. Contemporary half red morocco over marbled boards, with decorative gilt-stamped spine and with handsome marbled endpapers. A fine, bright copy.

First edition. Morton was Rector of Oxendon and a Fellow of the Royal Society. “A work of remarkable insight… Morton recognized the organic nature of fossils but due to his religious persuasions attributed them to the Deluge… The last great diluvialist [he is] by far the most representative. He is not restricted to a single opinion regarding the origin of fossils, and in this he is more truly representative of the times” (Jahn, The Lying Stones, pp.178- 79). “A work of very considerable industry, written on Dr. Plot’s method and on Dr. Woodward’s hypothesis” (contemporary review, quoted by Allibone). Handsome plates of fossils and shells. An earlier owner of this copy, Joseph Neeld (1789-1856), had a assembled a fine and extensive mineral collection of more than 3,600 specimens that had remained intact until recent years. Dictionary of Scientific Biography IX, p.539. Nissen ZBI, 2895.

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Dr. Woodward’s “Roman” Shield

[1713] Dodwell, Henry. De Parma Equestri Woodwardiana Dissertatio. Oxford: The Theatre, 1713. 8vo. xviii, 150pp + one folding plate. Also with 19 engravings in the text. Old damp stain in text. Untrimmed and largely unopened copy in later half leather and marbled boards, joints starting, old stain on cover.

First edition. A book with its own complicated history. Ostensibly it is a paean to Rev. Dodwell as well as Dodwell’s posthumously published study of Dr. Woodward’s famous “Roman” shield (nicely illustrated here with a folding plate by Oxford engraver Michael Burghers), compiled and published by Dodwell’s former student, Thomas Hearne. Only 240 copies were printed but the work was “officially suppressed after only forty-three copies had been distributed to the subscribers” (Levine) because of a now-quite obscure religious slight. Joseph Levine sifts through it all and makes sense of it in his heavily researched Dr Woodward’s Shield: History, Science, and Satire in Augustan England (Univ. of California Press, 1977). It turns out that the Doctor’s ancient shield was a sixteenth-century fake. Levine draws some interesting parallels between the authenticity of this “relic” and two other contemporary events: Dr. Beringer’s Stones and Dr. Scheuchzer’s Antediluvian Man [see Levine’s chapter, “Fakes and the Progress of Modern Scholarship”]. Murray even discusses Woodward’s “curious iron shield” which “gave rise to a storm of controversy and many personalities” (I, p.120). Appended to Dodwell’s wildly inaccurate historical discourse is Thomas Neal’s Collegiorum scholarumque publicarum Academiae Oxoniensis, pp.[115]-150, with 19 engravings printed in the text [continuous signatures]. Brunet II, 787.

[1713] Ray, John. Synoposis methodica avium et piscium; opus posthumum… London: Innys, 1713. 8vo. [6], 198, [20], 166, [12]pp + 2pp advts. + four folding plates (two of birds, two of fish). Derham’s Address, printed on [O]6, placed by binder after the first sub-title. Contemporary full panelled calf, stamped in blind, expert rebacking with original backstrip.

First edition. “This classic treatise completes (with the Synopsis Quadrupedum et Serpentini) the author’s contributions to vertebrate zoology, a series that should form part of every first-class library on natural history” (Wood, p.529). Ray had completed this work in 1694 but it was still languishing, unpublished, at the printers when he died in 1705. However, in 1711, it was discovered “among a great parcel of papers” (Keynes) in the former printers’ shop and seen through the press by Mr. Innys. Keynes, John Ray, 105. Nissen ZBI, 1797.

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[1716] Lochner, Michael F. Rariora Musei Besleriani quae olim Basilius et M. R. Besleri collegerunt, aenesique tabulis ad vivum incisa evulgarunt… Nürnburg, 1716. Folio. [24], 112pp + 40 folding plates. Title in red and black. Large old damp staining throughout, although mostly just touching the corner of most plates. Contemporary vellum spine with original plain boards (orig. vellum removed); old damp stain on cover. Leipzig University Library stamp (1882) on title-page.

First edition. Catalogue of the famous Besler natural history collection, first assembled by the German apothecary Basil Besler (1561-1629); upon his death, his nephew Michael Rupert Besler (1607-1661) “inherited the marvelous cabinet of rarities” (Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting p.160; p.204). Nissen ZBI, 348 (under Besler, Michael). Balsinger pp.691-92. Murray, II, p.117. The Freilich copy (in full morocco) sold for $13,200.

Scheuchzer’s Flood-Museum Catalogue

[1716] Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Museum Diluvianum. Zurich: Bodmer, 1716. 8vo. [12], 106, [4]pp + frontispiece engraving. Disbound yet untrimmed copy, otherwise fine.

First printing of this rare Scheuchzer work in which the famous Swiss naturalist catalogues the hundreds of fossils in his “Oryctophylacium”, arranged by type. Wonderful frontispiece depicts Scheuchzer probing a pile of shells with his cane while behind him, high up above on a mountain top, rests Noah’s Ark—which was acknowledged as “the most complete Museum of Natural History that the world has ever seen” (Murray, I, p.2). Scheuchzer’s collection certainly ranks as a major private natural history museum of the time, and it is cited by Murray (III, p.163,) who notes that Scheuchzer dedicated this work to Sir Hans Sloane. Balsinger, however, does not mention it. BM Nat. History p.1831. Ward & Carozzi, 1696.

[1717] Helwing, Georg Andreas. Lithographia Angerburgica, sive Lapidum et Fossilium, In Districtu Angerburgensi et ejus vicinia… Regiomonti: Johannis Stelteri, 1717. 4to. [14], 96, [13]pp + one copperplate view of Angerberg + 11 plates of fossils. Title in red and black, with small old stamp of “Museum D’Hist. Natr.” with small withdrawn stamp (in French) in blank area. Contemporary polished mottled calf with decorative gilt-stamped spine, marbled end-papers. Slight off- setting on edge of title, otherwise a fine copy.

First edition of Part I of this illustrated study of fossils and figured stones in the area around Angerberg; Part II of Helwing’s study was issued separately in Leipzig in 1720. Jahn takes the author to task for being “somewhat vague” on his position regarding the origin of petrifications (The Lying Stones, pp.171-2). Helwing does, however, takes the position that glossopetri are rightfully sharks’ teeth and not the tongues of serpents. Cited by Beringer. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 398. Nissen ZBI, 1884. Ward & Carozzi, 1036.

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[1717] Mercati, Michele. Metallotheca. Opus Posthumum, Auctoritate, & Munificentia Clementis Undecimi Pontificis Maximi E tenebris in lucem eductum; Opera autem & studio Johannis Mariae Lancisii Archiatri Pontificii Illustratum. Rome: Jo. Mariae Salvioni, 1717. Folio. lxiv, 378, [13] + 1p errata + 1p colophon (with engraved vignette). With engraved title-page in red and black, an engraved portrait of Pope Clement XI, engraved portrait of Mercati (after a painting by Tintoretto) + engraved allegorical plate describing the collection + double-page engraved view of the Museum + one double-page view of an open-pit sulphur mine + 10 full-page illustrated section titles [illustrations based upon Mercati’s specimen cabinets] + 129 text engravings + four engraved plates (in pagination). Collates complete. Contemporary full vellum with green title label, some spotting on covers, otherwise a fine, bright copy.

First edition, first issue, of this classic work on fossils, minerals, and gems, being a finely illustrated catalogue of the Vatican mineral collection, The catalogue was in manuscript when Mercati died in 1593 and was lost until 1717 when it was discovered and prepared for publication “in a small number of copies” (Wilson) by Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654- 1720), physician to Pope Clement XI, with notes by Pietro Assalti. “As a naturalist Mercati’s greatest interest lay in collecting minerals and fossils; this collection later formed the basis of the work that has made him famous: Metallotheca. Mercati was a good mineralogist and one of the founders of paleontology… Mercati’s book is illustrated by beautiful copper engravings which, with the manuscript of the work, were rediscovered by Carlo Roberti Dati” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography IX, p.309). This sumptuous catalogue, John Sinkankas observed, “reflects the state of knowledge extant at the time and therefore includes objects of presumed magical or medicinal virtue as well as those which are correctly identified and described. The plates can scarcely be equalled for fidelity to originals and the exquisite care employed in their engraving and printing” (Sinkankas 4390). James Parkinson also believed that “the notes of Lancisius, and the figures, which are executed in a very masterly manner, and convey very accurate ideas of the bodies they represent, render the work of value” (Organic Remains of the Former World, I, p.21). Jahn commented especially on the work’s “excellent engravings,” which are very well printed and registered. Balsinger pp.718-19. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 581. Murray, II, p.22. Wilson, Mineral Collecting, pp.32-34. The Freilich copy sold for $14,400.

[1718] Ray, John. Philosophical Letters between the late learned Mr. Ray and several of his ingenious correspondents, natives and foreigners: to which are added those of Francis Willughby Esq: the whole consisting of many curious discoveries and improvements in the history of quadrupeds, birds, fishes, insects, plants, fossiles, fountains, etc. London: Innys, 1718. 8vo. [8], 376, [10]pp + 2pp advts. Contemporary full diced leather, expert rebacking with original backstrip, original marbled end-papers. Very nice copy.

First edition. Includes correspondence between Ray and Martin Lister as well as letters to other scientists (e.g., Edward Lhwyd) and Ray’s List of local words” of Leeds (pp.321-342), compiled expressly for Ralph Thoresby [see under 1816]. Keynes, John Ray, 109. Norman Library 1798. Wood p.529.

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Second Issue of Mercati’s Masterpiece, With New Appendix

[1719] Mercati, Michele. Metallotheca. Opus Posthumum, Auctoritate, & Munificentia Clementis Undecimi Pontificis Maximi E tenebris in lucem eductum… Rome: Jo. Mariae Salvioni, 1719. Folio. lxiv, 378, [13] + 1p errata + 1p colophon (with engraved vignette); Appendix [engraved title-page in red and black]: (15), 53, (1)pp. With engraved title-page in red and black, an engraved portrait of Pope Clement XI + engraved portrait of Mercati (after a painting by Tintoretto) + engraved allegorical plate describing the collection + folding engraved view of the Museum + folding plate of the sulphur mine + 10 full-page illustrated section titles + 129 text engravings + four engraved plates (in pagination) + engraved portrait + 19 text engravings in text. Colophon dated 1717 although the title-page is dated 1719. Collates complete. Small stamp of the Bibliotheca Magnani , Città de Bologna, 1816 on the corner of the title-page. Later large rubber stamp of “Mario Cermenati” on the front end-paper. Some scattered foxing. Contemporary full vellum, small tear at base of spine, otherwise a fine copy in a solid binding. Interesting association copy.

First edition, second state, printed from the same plates as the 1717 issue but with a cancelled title, an engraved portrait of Lancisis added as well as an Appendix which is mainly devoted to corrections and re-engravings of 19 plates from the main section. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 581, specifically calling attention to the “beautiful copper engravings” (Hoover did not own a copy of the first, 1717 issue). Cited by Beringer. Alix Cooper, “The Museum and the book: The Metallotheca and the history of an encyclopedic natural history in early modern Italy” IN: Journal of the History of Collections, 7 (1995), pp.1-23. Sinkankas 4390. Ward & Carozzi, 1541. Antonio Magnani (1743-1811) was a famous Bolognese book collector; the public library was named after him. Mario Cermenati (1868-1924), a native of Lecco, occupied the chair of geology and paleontology at the Univ. of Rome. He wrote a number of monographs on Italian geology, Italian literature, and on Ulisse Aldrovandi. Cermenati also built an exceptional private library which was dispersed after his death. Always active in radical politics, his hometown erected a statue in the center of its public square in his honor. For another book from his library, see Woodward 1739.

[1719] Monti, Giuseppe. De monumento diluviano nuper in agro Bononiensi detecto: Dissertatio in qua permultae ipsius inundationis vindiciae, a statu terrae antidiluvianae & postdiluvianae desumptae. Bologna: Rosi, 1719. 4to. 50pp + large (14 x 17 in.) folding engraved plate. Title in red and black with engraved vignette. Very clean copy with strong type impression. Contemporary full vellum over boards, a few small holes in spine otherwise very good.

First printing of a paper on fossilized grass [that is, signs of grass in stone] found around Bologna—a sure sign of the Deluge. Monti (1682-1760) was a professor of botany and natural history at the Univ. of Bologna. In the folding plate, he makes visual references to similar fossils in both Worm’s and Aldrovandi’s collections. Cited by Beringer. BM Nat. History III, 1341. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 594. Ward & Carozzi, 1603, not citing the presence of the large plate.

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Outstanding Collection of Fossil Plates

[1719] Wolfart, Petrius. Historiae Naturalis Hassiae Inferioris… Kassel: Harmes, 1719. Folio. 52pp + elaborately engraved allegorical frontispiece + 25 engraved plates (two folding) of fossils, engraved by Corvinus after Eberlinus. Recent three- quarter morocco over marbled boards. A fine copy.

First edition, all published. Wolfart (1675-1726), a German physician, held the chart of physic and anatomy at Hanau. The exceptional plates depict a variety of shell and fish fossils, and the quality of the fish engravings is reminiscent of the work in Volta’s Ittiolitologia Veronese del Museo Bozziano (1796). Cited by Beringer. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 895 (citing a copy with misbound plates). Purchased from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge, 1960.

Another Fine Collection of Fossils

[1720] Volkmann, Georg Anton. Silesia Subterranea, oder Schlesien… Leipzig: Weidmann, 1720. 4to. [6], 344, [14]pp + 54 plates (numbered I-XXXIV, I-X, I-X). Two titles (Latin & German) both in red and black. Contemporary full vellum over boards with decorative stamped spine label. Herbert McLean Evans copy with his bookplate on front paste-down (and Jahn’s below it). A fine copy.

First edition. One of the fullest early works describing and depicting fossils, including many plant and mollusk fossils. “Volkmann had an extensive collection of minerals which he used for this work, and which was sold to the King of Poland, for 1000 Thalers, for the Dresden Museum”—Murray, III, p.254. This copy does not have a frontispiece. Although the OCLC collation mentions a frontispiece, as does Hoover, neither Ward & Carozzi nor BM Nat. History nor Nissen mention a frontispiece. Copies with even fewer plates are recorded. Some cataloguers perhaps consider the first title-page to be a “frontispiece.” (“Frontespizio” does mean title-page in Italian, causing frequent confusion.) Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 842 citing a frontispiece and 59 [?] plates; BM Nat. History p.2236 (54 plates). Nissen ZBI, 4281 (54 plates). Ward & Carozzi 2252. Cited by Beringer. Purchased from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge, who catalogued this fine copy as complete.

[1722] Sprat, Thomas. The History of the Royal-Society of London, for the improving of natural knowledge. London: Printed for S. Chapman, 1722. 4to. [16], 438pp + two folding plates. With armorial frontispiece. Title in red and black. Contemporary full paneled calf with later period rebacking, leather spine label. Very clean copy.

Third edition, corrected. Purchased from Quaritch, 1962.

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[1721] Ray, John. Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning 1. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge, its Causes and Effects. III. The Dissolution of the World, and Future Conflagration… London: Innys, 1721. 8vo. xxxi, [1], 456pp + four plates; lacks frontispiece portrait. Contemporary signature of “Philemon Marsh Trin: Coll: Camb:” on front flyleaf. Contemporary full calf, quite worn, spine ends chipped.

Fourth edition (identical with the third edition of 1713). Notable edition of this work by Ray because it features the first appearance in English of Edward Lhwyd’s letter on the “Origin of Marine Fossils” (pp.175-203), which had previously appeared, in Latin, in Lhwyd’s Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia [1699]. Jahn points out that Ray included Lhwyd’s letter “to great effect.” Faul & Faul note that by Ray’s inclusion of the English version of this letter, Lhwyd’s views on the origin of fossils “became available to a wide audience” (p.56). Citing this edition, Geikie notes that in this letter Lhwyd “brings forward a number of shrewd arguments against ascribing fossil shells and plants to Noah’s Flood” (p.78). Keynes, John Ray, 86 (who doesn’t note the addition of the Lhwyd text).

[1722] Breyn, Johann Philipp. Epistola de Melonibus Petrefactis Montis Carmel vulgo creditis… Leipzig: Titii, 1722. 4to. 48pp + two engraved plates. Old damp stain on edge of some leaves; scattered foxing, otherwise very good. Recent cloth and boards with a stain on the rear board.

First edition. Breyn was a German naturalist (1680-1764) who had assembled his own “cabinet,” including minerals; a catalogue of this collection was published in 1765. Breyn also wrote an important work on fossil sea-urchins in 1732. This paper is accompanied by two detailed copperplate engravings of the petrified “melones.” Breyn’s text is followed by two other “letters” commenting upon his ideas: “The first letter was written by Georg R. Remus, the second by Nathaniel Sendel”—Ward & Carozzi, 315 (citing only one plate).

[1723] Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Herbarium Diluvianum Collectum a Johanne Jacobo Scheuchzero, Med. D… Leyden: Vander Aa, 1723. Folio. [6], 119, [5]pp + engraved frontispiece portrait of Scheuchzer + extra engraved title-page + 14 plates. Title in red and black with engraved vignette. Contemporary full mottled calf with decorative gilt- stamped spine, original marbled end-papers. Lower front joint slightly cracked; old damp stain on edge of rear cover, otherwise a very good, bright copy.

Second [new] edition. Plates 1-10 are the same as in the first 1709 edition (although Plate 5 is not printed in sepia), while Plates 11-14, bound in the Appendix, are new to this edition. BM Nat. History p.1830. Ward & Carozzi, 1971.

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[1723] Bél, Martin. Hungariae Antiquae et Novae Prodromus, cum specimine, quomodo in singulis operis partibus elaborandis, versari constituerit… Nuremberg: Peter Conrad Monath, 1723. Folio. [22], 204pp + one large folding map + two plates (including one large folding plate of an extensive cave, with much annotated text). Engraved vignette on title-page. Three engraved chapter head-pieces and five large engravings in text. Large armorial bookplate on front paste-down, two small 19th century private library stamps on end-paper. Contemporary full calf with decorative gilt-stamped spine, slightly scuffed otherwise a fine copy, text and plates excellent.

First edition. Account of ancient and modern Hungary, the first portion covering the history of the region, the second documenting then-current highspots, such as Hungarian hot springs (pp.128-149) with three attractive text engravings (of two towns and one of an interior of a hot spring), wine and vineyards, and medicine (with a nice engraved plate of the Belladonna plant). Also with references to mountains, mineral resources, and caves (where some fossils had been discovered), with a fine large engraving. Cited by Beringer. Brunet I, 741 (under Belius). Graesse I, p. 322.

[1723] Woodward, John. An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth; and Terrestrial Bodies, Especially Minerals; as also of the Sea, Rivers, and Springs. With an Account of the Universal Deluge: and of the Effects that it had upon the Earth. London: Bettesworth & Taylor et al, 1723. 8vo. [12], 304pp + 1pp advt. Contemporary full panelled calf (with stamping in blind) with later expert leather rebacking and red leather spine label. Bookplate of Sir Thom. W. White on front paste-down, and small armorial White bookplate pasted just over Sir Thom’s. A very good copy.

Third edition. Jahn, “A bibliographical history of John Woodward’s An essay toward a natural history of the Earth,” pp.194-96. BM Nat. History V, p.2359. Ward & Carozzi, 2361.

[1724] Ehrhart, Balthasar. Dissertatio Medica Inauguralis, De Belemnitis Suevicis. Leyden: Wishoff, 1724. 4to. 21, (1)pp + one folding plate. Old damp stain in text. Engraved vignette on title-page. Modern polished calf and marbled boards.

First edition. In this important paper on fossils in Sweden, Ehrhart was able to show that belemnites, long thought to be inorganic fossils, had a distinctive chambered shell “analogous to that of the living cephalopod molluscs Nautilus and Spirula. Combined with his careful analysis of the mode of growth of the ‘guard,’ this structural analogy made the organic origin of belemnites almost indisputable” (Rudwick, pp.88-89). Ehrhart cites as his sources most of the authors found in the Jahn Collection—e.g., Scheuchzer, de Boodt, and Volkmann. Cited by Beringer; in turn, in the second edition of this paper (1727), Ehrhart praised the “illustrious Doctor Beringer” for his “sincere and candid exposition” of the hoax perpetrated upon his esteemed person.

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Landmark Illustrated History by the Father of Oceanography

[1725] Marsigli, Luigi. Histoire Physique de la Mer: Ouvrage enrichi de figures dessinées d’après le naturel. Amsterdam: Aux depens de la Compagnie, 1725. Folio. [8], xi, 173pp + engraved allegorical frontispiece + 12 engraved maps, charts and tables (including two double-page maps) + 40 engraved plates, including 10 plates handsomely colored. Title in red and black with engraved vignette. Small blue- ink Russian library stamp on corner of the title-page, bookplate on front paste-down, but with an armorial bookplate pasted over it. Contemporary full calf, covers slightly bowed, joints starting at ends but still a tight copy. Text and plates fine.

First edition, rarely found with any hand-colored plates. The first modern treatise on oceanography in its first full edition, by the acknowledged “father of oceanography” and founder of the Instituto delle scienze e dell’arte in Bologna. In this beautifully printed and illustrated book, Marsigli (1658-1730) “treated problems which until then had been veiled by error and legend. Marsigli examined every aspect of the subject: the morphology of the basin and relationships between the lands and above water; the water’s properties (colour, temperature, salinity) and its motion (waves, currents, tides); the biology of the sea, which foretold the advent of maritime biology. Among the plants he numbered animals like corals, which before his time had been regarded as inorganic matter. Finally Marsigli was the precursor of the systematic oceanographic exploration that was to begin half a century later with the famous voyage of the Endeavour” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography IX, p.135). Marsigli enjoyed an active correspondence with many European scientists, including Scheuchzer (see John Stoye, Marsigli’s Europe: 1680-1730: the life and times of Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli, soldier and virtuoso, 1994, pp.267-70). The wonderful frontispiece depicts a quite puzzled Neptune surrounded by a dry sea bottom, which includes many shells. The text, as well as the plates, treat the issue of fossil shells. BM Nat. History III, p. 1247. Brunet III, 1474 noting that although uncolored, a copy had been seen “avec fig. color.” Nissen ZBI, 2699, without noting color plates. Norman Library 1445, a copy without color plates [the frontispiece is reproduced on Vol. II, p.528 of the Norman Library catalogue]. Ward & Carozzi, 1504 (reproducing the title-page on p.321).

Dr. Kundmann’s Cabinet of Curiosities

[1726] Kundmann, Johann Christian. Promptuarium rerum naturalium et artificialium Vratislaviense praecipue. Breslau: Hubertum, 1726. 4to. [6], 364, [12]pp. Title in red and black. Contemporary vellum and marbled boards, some shelf wear on edges, otherwise a very good copy.

First edition. Kundmann’s first catalogue of his natural history collection. A German physician in Breslau (1648-1751), the collector’s Naturalienkabinet consisted primarily of mineral, shell, and fossil specimens. This volume “contains (1) an account of various museums in and of the curiosities of Breslau (pp.1-88); (2) a catalogue of the author’s collection (pp.89-336); and (3) a list of the works quoted to or referred to (pp.337-364). The descriptions of the objects in the Museum are accompanied by references to the literature of the particular subjects”—Murray, II, 313. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.215 (erroneously citing 380pp + plates).

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“One of the most celebrated hoaxes in the history of science” Norman Library Catalogue

[1726] Beringer, Johann Bartholomew Adam. Lithographiae Wirceburgenis, decentis Lapidum figuratorum, a protiori insectformium, prodigiosis imaginibus exornatae specimen primum. Würtzburg: Engmann, 1726. Folio. Engraved frontispiece + [12], 96pp + 21 engraved plates + 6pp. Some minor worming in upper corner to p.70 (ending in a pinhole), otherwise a fine copy, recased in full vellum, binding fine. Melvin Jahn’s personal copy.

First edition, first state, with Hueber’s “Corollaries.” “The whole story [of the hoax perpetrated upon Beringer by two jealous academic colleagues] illustrated the uncertain state of paleontological knowledge in the early eighteenth century when few guidelines existed to determine genuine fossils from mere figured stones” (Grinke, 52). As Rudwick points out, Beringer’s initial “discovery of these strange specimens led him to review systematically all previous theories about fossils; and since they seemed (correctly) to be only ‘imitations’ of organisms he concluded that they added weight to all the earlier arguments for the inorganic origin of fossils. But by 1726, when Beringer published his work, such a conclusion was already old-fashioned; and his personal humiliation when the hoax was recognized may well have hastened [the] final disappearance” of the lusus naturae theory of fossils (The Meaning of Fossils, p.90). Adams said much the same when he noted that Beringer’s experience dealt “a deadly blow to the various theories which accounted for fossils as the result of forces at work within the earth” (The Birth and Development of the Geological Sciences, p.259). Until the publication of Melvin Jahn’s book, The Lying Stones of Dr. Beringer, the commonly held belief was that the “lying stones” were manufactured and planted by a few of the doctor’s mischievous students. But, as Jahn reveals, the hoax was the work a pair of academic rivals—and once he became wise to their game, Beringer lost little time in taking them to court. His book, however, was at the printers before he fully accepted that he had been duped. Beringer immediately sought to suppress the publication and gather as many copies as possible. Writing 78 years after the event, James Parkinson thought that Beringer’s experience offered two lessons to scientists: “it plainly demonstrates that learning may not be sufficient to prevent an unsuspecting man from becoming the dupe of excessive credulity… [And] the quantity of censure and ridicule, to which the author was exposed, served, not only to render his cotemporaries less liable to imposition; but also more cautious in indulging in unsupported hypothesis” (Organic Remains of a Former World, I, p.26).

Balsinger (p.736) notes Dr. Beringer’s collecting interests, but adds that he was “extremely credulous.” Faul & Faul p.61 (referring the reader to Jahn “for a full story”). Geikie pp.102-03. Grinke, From Wunderkammer to Museum, 52, cataloguing the 1767 ed. Zittel p.19 (“a semi-tragic, semi-comic event”). Norman Library 195 (second state). Nissen ZBI, 330. Ward & Carozzi, 182 (concluding their bibliography by reproducing Beringer’s elaborate frontispiece on p.536). The Freilich copy, in worn later wrappers, sold for $12,000.

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The Man Who Witnessed The Flood

[1726] Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Homo Diluvii Testis… Zurich: Byrgklini, 1726. 8vo. 24pp + large (20 5/8 x 9 1/4 in.) folding woodblock print of the “Witness of the Deluge” plate engraved by David Reding from a drawing by David Scheuchzer, Zurich, 1726. Disbound pamphlet. Some browning of text otherwise fine. Laid in: a reduced photostat of Scheuchzer’s exceedingly rare 1732 broadside.

First printing of this rare pamphlet in which Scheuchzer describes the fossil skeleton he discovered in 1725, believing that he had finally found a human record of the Great Flood. But it was not meant to be. Although this fossil was not a hoax of the same nature as the fraud perpetrated at the same time upon Beringer, Scheuchzer’s Homo certainly was not what it appeared to be, or least not what it appeared to be to Scheuchzer. The Swiss scientist sent an enthusiastic preliminary report to Sir Hans Sloane, secretary of the Royal Society of London—this was quickly published in the Philosophical Transactions (Jan.-Feb., 1726), and then in a few other scientific journals. He then followed up with this monograph. “Obsessed by his diluvial theory, [Scheuchzer] finally explained in Homo diluvii testis that the remains of what we now know to be a large fossil salamander [as revealed by Cuvier] were the skeleton of one of the infamous men who had brought about the calamity of the Flood” (Ward & Carozzi, p.13-14). Scheuchzer produced another image of the large, now infamous, print for Volume I of his Physica Sacra (1731). Murray notes that publication of this report brought “fossil man into great prominence” in the eighteenth century (I, p.194). Although credit for properly identifying Scheuchzer’s “Man” normally goes to Cuvier [in his Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles, 3rd ed., 1825], Peter Camper had inspected the fossil in question in 1787 and called attention to its misidentification. Ironically, the giant extinct salamander was crowned Andrias Scheuchzeri. Historians of science have sought to make Scheuchzer’s enthusiastic error, like Beringer’s, an object lesson in itself. “What had gone wrong?,” Joseph Levine asked. “Obviously, Scheuchzer in his eagerness to demonstrate his theory had leaped from a superficial resemblance to a dogmatic conclusion. ‘Nothing less than total blindness, on a scientific level,’ Cuvier wrote, ‘can explain how a man of Scheuchzer’s rank, a man who was a physician and must have seen human skeletons, could embrace such a gross self-deception.’ It seemed impossible that even a cursory examination would not have shown the difference. But Cuvier had forgotten the labor of a hundred years, not least his own, in accumulating fossil remains and establishing the whole new science of comparative anatomy” (Dr. Woodward’s Shield, p.277).

There are no holdings of this pamphlet on OCLC nor is it listed in BM Nat. History, Graesse, or Brunet—although it is listed in Ward & Carozzi (1973) who reproduced the title-page on p.397 and the folding plate (reduced) on p.535. Faul & Faul (p.58) call a reader’s attention to Melvin Jahn’s “excellent account of Scheuchzer’s pseudohuman fossils” printed in Schneer. Scheuchzer’s namesake is treated in detailed in Frank Westphal’s Die Tertiären und Rezenten Eurasiastischen Riesensalamander (Genus Andrias, Urodela, Amphibia) (Stuttgart, 1958). Westphal’s scientific monograph includes a discussion of Scheuchzer’s “discovery” with a reprint of the original woodcut and photographs of the original (still extant) fossil.

53 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

[1726] Woodward, John. The Natural History of the Earth, Illustrated, Inlarged, and Defended. London: Tho. Edlin, 1726. 8vo. [11], 169, [16]; 163pp + errata + 2pp advts. Signatures of William Davidson and R. Davidson on top of the title-page as well as a small armorial stamp. Contemporary full panelled calf (stamped in blind) with later expert leather rebacking and red leather spine label.

First edition in English, translated from the Woodward’s Latin edition by Benjamin Holloway and includes The Natural History of the Earth, Illustrated, and Inlarged: as also Defended, and the Objections against, Particularly those lately publish’d by Dr. Camerarius, answered (with a separate title-page and pagination, although the catchword on the last leaf of the first work shows that the two titles were meant to be bound together and considered as one). BM Nat. History V, p.2359.

[1727] Derham, W. Physico-Theology: or, A demonstration of the being and attributes of God, from his works of creation: Being the substance of sixteen sermons preached in St. Mary-le-Bow Church, London; at the Honourable Mr. Boyle’s lectures, in the years 1711, and 1712… Seventh edition. London: Innys, 1727. 8vo. [16], xvi, 444, [10] + [2]pp advt + one folding plate. Contemporary full polished calf with expert period leather rebacking with leather spine label. Very clean copy.

Seventh edition. First published in 1713. Derham had edited a number of John Ray’s books, and was one of the better known “natural theologians” of his day. In these “sermons”—actually the text, with extensive foot-notes added, of Derham’s Boyle Lectures—Derham covers many diverse topics, including atmosphere, gravity, weather, geography, human and animal physiology, the senses, food, posture, insects, and plant life.

Pioneer Work in Museography

[1727] [Einckel, Casper Friedrich.] Museographia, oder, Anleitung zum rechten Begriff und nützlicher Anlegung der Museorum, oder Raritäten-Kammern… Von C.F. Neickelio [pseud.] Leipzig: Michael Hubert, 1727. 4to. [22], 464, [8]pp + wonderful engraved frontispiece view of the ideal private museum (reproduced on our back cover). Title in red and black. Recent cloth and boards. Fine copy.

First edition of this unusual guidebook and handbook to museums and private collections. Wilson devoted many pages to Einckel’s treatise—although he didn’t realize that “Neickelio” was a pseudonym. In this work, Wilson pointed out, the author “presents a geographically arranged compendium of all the known [natural history] collections… He also lists all of the important libraries of the time, and discusses numerous practical and philosophical questions of interest to the collector. Einckel also “thoughtfully includes a list of 25 guidelines for proper etiquette and maximum benefit when visiting someone’s collection”—The History of Mineral Collecting, pp.43-46. Wilson translated all 25 guidelines reprinted ther as “Rules for Museum Visiting.” BM Nat. History III, p.1409, under “Neickelius,” but recognizing this as Einckel’s pseudonym. This book served as the major reference on contemporary European collections for both Murray (1904) and Balsinger (1970). Both cite it and quote from it frequently. Murray (II, p.42) called it “a rare book.”

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Scheuchzer’s “Copper Bible” With Astounding Illustrations

[1728] Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Geestelyke Natuurkunde, Uitgegeven in de latynsche taal door denhooggeleerden heere Jan. Jacb. Scheuchzer… Amsterdam: Schenk, 1728-1739. Folios, 15 volumes bound in six. 1810pp + three engraved portraits + two engraved frontispieces + 758 engraved plates. All volumes with titles in red and black. Volumes 1-8 have additional titles (in black only) with varied dates. Contemporary full vellum, uniform bindings with blind-stamped designs. Four volumes with cracked joints (either front or rear), but all covers solid. Some soiling on covers; text and plates are in fine, bright condition.

First Dutch edition of Scheuchzer’s unusual “concordance” to the Old and New Testaments, an elaborately illustrated work on nature as mentioned in the Bible, best known by the title of the Latin edition, Physica Sacra. The work is rightfully famous for the outstanding copperplates engraved by a number of well-known Augsburg artists (including Corvinus, Sperling, and Linz) after original drawings by Johann Melchior Füssli and produced by Johann A. Pfeffel. The plates, which frequently border on the fantastic, are identical in all editions. They have been called one of the high points of German graphic arts of the eighteenth century. The range of topics covered is impressive, from locusts, stars, human anatomy, fish and birds, to natural (floods) and unnatural (fire balls) events, lions, and snowflakes. The work is also well- known for its 24 plates of snakes which were drawn from specimens in the Linck Naturalienkabinett in Leipzig. In Volume I Scheuchzer included a re-drawn engraving of his Homo diluvii testis as well as some fine engravings of fossils. There are also some wonderfully detailed illustrations of the Ark. This Dutch edition is contemporaneous with the German (Kupfer-Babel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, Augsburg, 1731-35), Latin (Augsburg, 1731-35), and French (Amsterdam, 1732-37) language editions. The red-and-black title pages of Volumes 1-13 have an imprint date of 1735, Volume 14 has 1738, and Volume 15, 1739. However, Volumes 1-8 each have an additional title-page, set in black only, dated 1728 (v. 1), 1729 (V. 2-6) and 1730 (V. 7-8). It is not clear why this Dutch edition has these contradictory title-pages. Brunet V, 198, noting that some of the plates “depict subjects that had not yet been portrayed, and that this is enough to make this great work indispensable to naturalists.” Graesse V, p.300. Nissen ZBI, 3661. Also see Hans Fischer, Johann Jakob Scheuchzer: Naturforscher und Arzt (Zurich, 1972), which discusses Physica Sacra at length and reproduces seven plates from this work. The snake plates are the subject of an article in the most recent issue of The Bulletin of the International Society for the History and Bibliography of Herpetology (Vol. 4, No. 2, 2003).

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[1729] Woodward, John. An Attempt Towards a Natural History of the Fossils of England; In a Catalogue of the English Fossils in the Collection of J. Woodward, M.D. London: Fayram, 1729 [-1728]. 8vo. xvi, 243; viii, 115; iv, 110; iv, 52; iv, 33; v, 21; [2], 15pp. Two volumes bound as one (with consecutive signatures ). Some neatly penned ownership marks from 1733 and later on the end-papers. Contemporary full calf, rubbed, front joint just starting, leather label. Very good copy.

First printing of the “celebrated catalogue” of Woodward’s famous fossil collection, published posthumously. “In [the collection’s] complexity, we may discover details on thousands of specimens of fossils, minerals, and rocks, whose overall size cannot be appreciated from the pagination alone inasmuch as a very small type was used in its printing, thus compressing an enormous amount of information into a physically small book. Further to be discovered is the fact that Woodward collected everything derived in some way from Earth’s crust, not only being above inserting into his cabinet such mundane things as sand, gravel, and pebbles, not to mention a large variety of rocks and animal & vegetable fossils”—Sinkankas 7325. Wilson notes that Woodward [1665-1728] not only performed his own extensive field collecting (even while teaching at Cambridge) but acquired specimens from other collectors around the world. “Woodward,” Wilson adds, “collected minerals in a more systematic and specialized way than any of his compatriots had up to that time.” Geikie called Woodward’s “Catalogue” his “most important contribution to science” (p.68). Woodward’s original wooden cabinets have survived intact at Cambridge’s Sedgwick Museum. Volume I of this work (title-page dated 1729) is in two parts—Of the Fossils that are real and natural (243pp) and Exhibiting the Fossils that are extraneous (115pp). Volume II (with title-page dated 1728) is in four parts: A Catalogue of the additional English native Fossils (110pp), A Catalogue of the Foreign Fossils (53, iv, 33pp), An addition to the Catalogue of the Foreign native Fossils (21pp), and An addition to the Catalogue of the foreign extraneous Fossils (15pp). BM Nat. History V, p.2359. Murray, I, pp.118-119. Ward & Carozzi 2364. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, pp.67-68, p.228. Also see David Price, “John Woodward and a Surviving British Geological Collection from the Early Eighteenth Century” (Journal of the History of Collections, 1:1, 1989, pp.79-95), who notes that Woodward received specimens from Agostino Scilla, Martin Lister, and John Morton (among others).

[1730] Behrens, Georg Henning. The natural history of Hartz-Forest, in His Majesty King George’s German dominions. Being a succinct account of the caverns, lakes, springs, rivers, mountains, rocks, quarries, fossiles, castles, gardens… mines, several engines belonging to them; ores, the manner of refining them… London: T. Osborne, 1730. 8vo. [16], 164, [8]pp + [4]pp advts. A few old stamps from a Dublin library on the title-page. Contemporary polished calf, some wear on ends, with recent rebacking and new end-papers.

First edition in English (trans. John Andree) of Behrens’s Hercynia curiosa hartz-wald (Nordhausen, 1703), which was cited by Beringer. Jahn refers to Behrens’ detailed description” of this region, including many curious products of nature [e.g., fossils] (The Lying Stones, p.167). BM Nat. History VI, p.72.

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[1730] Gimma, D. Giacinto. Della Storia Naturale delle Gemme, della Pietre, e di tutti in Minerali ovvero della Fissica Sotteranea. Two volumes. Naples: A Spese dello Steso Muzio, e di Felice Mosca, 1730. Two volumes, 4tos. [48], 551 + engraved allegorical frontispiece; [2], 603pp. Old damp stain in text of both volumes. Contemporary full vellum, some wrinkling due to damp stain.

First edition of a very scarce set. “One of the best guide books for the student who wishes to explore the mazes of ancient literature of the geological sciences”—Adams, The Birth and Development of the Geological Sciences, p.5 (Adams also praised Gimma’s “excellent review of the whole question” of figured stones). “This magnificent work is valuable for its comparison of statements made by many authorities and the injection of the author’s own views, not to mention the sheer quality of information supplied by the text. It deserves translation, Rare” (Sinkankas 2396). Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 353. Ward & Carozzi, 914 (reproducing the title-page on p.233).]

[1730] Liebknecht, Johann Georg. Hassiae subterraneae specimen, clarissima testimonia diluvii universalis heic et in locis vicinioribus occurrentia ex triplici regno, animali, vegetabili & minerali petita. Giessen & Frankfurt: Lammers, 1730. 4to. [22], 490, [21] + 15 plates (mostly fossils) + one small folding map. Also with a large engraved vignette of the arms of Great Britain on the dedication leaf. Contemporary leather and paste-paper covered boards with leather spine label. A fine copy.

First edition. Detailed account of items found in the earth in the vicinity of Giessen, including many fossils as well as coins, stoneware, and the artifacts. Liebknecht explains the presence of all of the fossils within the context of the Great Flood. A mathematician by training, Liebknecht (1679-1749) was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1728, which may explain the dedication of the book to the Prince of Wales, and the presence of the British arms. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 538—citing the second edition of 1759. Nissen ZBI, 2508. Ward & Carozzi, 1386 (citing only 14 plates).

[1732] Leupold, Jacob. Prodromus bibliothecae Metallicae. Wolfenbüttel, 1732. 8vo. 157, [18pp]. Armorial binding in contemporary full calf, with the arms of the Earl of Bute stamped in gilt on both covers, decorative gilt-stamped spine. Front joint cracked otherwise a very good copy.

First edition of this rare posthumously published bibliography “of most of the writings on the mineral kingdom: such as metals, minerals, salts, stones, petrifications, various earths, and finally all fossils; including historical, physical, chemical, medical, mechanical, legal, and theological writings, and what therein has been found most useful” [translation of sub-title]. Leupold’s manuscript was corrected and “improved upon” by the well-known Franz Ernst Bruckmann (1697-1752), a physician and minerologist and author of such works as Historia naturalis curiosa lapidis (1727). Sinkankas cites Leupold’s work as one of his references in Gemology: An Annotated Bibliography. Oddly, this book is not represented in the Hoover Collection, although Hoover did own 13 other titles by Bruckmann (Cf. Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 174-186). Not in Brunet or Graesse, although Leupold’s important series on mechanical engineering, Theatrum machinarun Universale (1724-27), naturally is noted. BM Nat. History III, p.1099. Dawsons (of Pall Mall) originally bought this copy at Sotheby’s sale of the Earl of Bute’s scientific books on July 3-4, 1961.

57 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

[1733] Linck, Johann Heinrich. De Stellis Marinis liber singularis. Leipzig: Schuster, 1733. Folio. [24], 107; [4] + 42 engraved plates. Title in red and black with engraved vignette. Plate section with separate engraved title- page (in red and black and engraved vignette) dated 1733. Three engraved chapter head-pieces, three engraved tail-pieces, and two large engravings in text. Georges Cuvier’s copy, with his stamp and the stamp of the Museé d’Histoire Naturelle on the title-page. Some browning and scattered foxing, otherwise a very good copy in contemporary morocco and marbled paste-paper boards. An interesting association copy, once owned by the famous French geologist and paleontologist.

First edition. Classic work on starfish, with an Appendix including (among other items) the first publication of Edward Lhwyd’s De Stellis Marinis Oceani Brittannici (pp.77-88), originally delivered as a lecture in Oxford in 1703. Linck (1674-1735) was a German pharmacist who inherited and enlarged upon his family’s famous natural history collection (first established by his father). His son, in turn, of the same name (1734-1807) expanded the collection even more. The Linck Museum was a source for many of the zoological specimens depicted in Scheuchzer’s Physica Sacra [see 1728]. BM Nat. History p.1115. Brunet III, 1081. Nissen ZBI, 2514. Purchased from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge.

[1734] Henckel, Johan F. Idea Generalis de Lapidum Origine per Observationes Experiment & Consectaria Succinte Adumbrata. Dresden & Leipzig: In Officina Libraria Hekeliana, 1734. 12mo. 108 [i.e 92pp— pp.17-32 omitted, but collates complete]. Repair made to bottom edge of last leaf. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with crossed geological hammers] on bottom of title-page. Recent red morocco and cloth.

Only printing of this small tract by the German mineralogist and geologist known for his “extensive personal mineral & fossil collection” (Sinkankas 2882). “Henckel [1697-1744) was a physician and pioneer in mineral chemistry in the great mining center of Freiburg and described in his many books [including this one] the best early accounts of arsenic, zinc, and a variety of pyrites” (Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 402). J.R. Parrington called Henckel the “father of mineral chemistry” (A History of Chemistry). Dictionary of Scientific Biography VI, p.259.

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[1735] Lesser, Friedrich Christian. Lithotheologie, das ist: natürlich Historie und geistliche Betrachtung der Steine… Hamburg: Brandt, 1735. Thick 8vo. xlvii, 1300, [56]pp + 10 folding plates of fossils; one folding table. Contemporary leather over marbled boards, spine and covers rubbed, otherwise a very good copy.

First edition. Lesser (1692-1754) was a Lutheran theologian and a naturalist who had assembled his own cabinet of stones, plants, and insects (as well as a library of rare books). “Utterly fascinating work in great detail & complexity, attempting to demonstrate the hand of God in every manifestation of the mineral kingdom. Lesser assembled an astounding fund of information culled from hundreds of ancient and modern sources and covering nearly every aspect of geology, mineralogy, paleontology, and gemology”—Sinkankas 3904. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 530 (listing the 1751 ed.) Ward & Carozzi, 1381 (1751 ed.).

[1735] Woodward, John. Geographie Physique; ou, Essay sur l’histoire naturelle de la terre. Paris: Braisson, 1735. 4to. xiv, 389pp + one folding plate. Old damp stain throughout. Contemporary full calf, also with old stain on covers, front joint starting, decorative gilt- stamped spine, chipped at ends.

First French Edition (Paris). Jahn, “A bibliographical history of John Woodward’s An essay toward a natural history of the Earth,” pp.197-99, noting that “The French, Italian and German translations of the Essay include sections taken from two of Woodward’s other works: Natural History of the Earth, illustrated (1726) and Fossils of all Kinds (1728).”

[1736] Geoffroy, Etienne-Francois. A treatise on the fossil, vegetable, and animal substances, that are made use of in physick. London: Innys and Manby, 1736. 8vo. xxiv, 387, [13]pp. Contemporary full paneled calf with recent rebacking and leather spine label. Very good copy.

First edition in any language of Geoffrey’s materia medica, the first systematic work on pharmacognosy, translated by George Douglas from a manuscript copy of Geoffroy’s lectures delivered in Paris. This work includes the history and potential medical properties of all sorts of objects, including fossils—such as fossilised shark’s teeth and unicorn horns—and bituminous juices, metallick fossils, and gems. Amber, we learn, was good for headaches. W. A. Smeaton points out that this English edition “contains a short account of the animal kingdom which is not in the Latin [1741] and French [1743] editions” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography, IV, pp.352-54). Geoffrey (1672-1731) taught medicine and pharmacy in Paris as was a member of Royal Society of London as well as the Académie des Sciences of Paris. Not cited by Sinkankas.

59 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

[1738] Ritter, Albrecht. Epistolica Historico-Physica Oryctographica Goslariensis… Editio Altera priore multo auctior et correctior. Sondershausen, 1738. 32pp + two folding plates.

BOUND WITH:

Ritter, Albrecht. Specimen II. Oryctographie Calenbergicae sive Rerum Fossilium quae… in Ducatu Electorali Brunsvico-Luneburgico Calenberg eruuntur historico-physicae delineationis… Sondershausen, 1743. 8vo. 32pp + one folding plate. Contemporary leather and paste-paper boards; a very good copy.

Second edition of the first work; first edition of the second. Ritter wrote a number of brief papers on fossils—the three plates in these two works illustrated various fossils and “formed stones.” Ritter’s Specimen I was published in 1741. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 687 (Specimen I and II). Nissen ZBI, 3433 (Epistolica) and 3435 (Specimen II). Ward & Carozzi, 1881.

[1739] Barba, Alvaro Alonso et al. A Collection of Scarce and Valuable Treatises Upon Metals, Mines and Minerals… being a translation from the learned Albaro Alonso Barba, Director of the mines at Potosi, in the Spanish West-Indies… London: Printed for James Hodges, 1739 [-1738]. 12mo. [16], 170, [6], 173-215; [5], 66, [2]pp + one plate. Second state of title- page. Contemporary full calf, with expert recent leather rebacking, hinges strengthened, otherwise very good.

First edition thus. Barba’s “pioneering work on mines and mining which the Spaniards, in control of their boom town of Potosi [Peru] in the inaccessible Andes, tried to keep secret for as long as possible” (Hoover 83) was first published in English in 1670. Here the work is published with a few other related titles, including Gabriel Plattes’ A discovery of subterranean treasure, 1738 [pp.171-215) and Thomas Houghton’s Rare Avis in Terris; Or the Compleat Miner, 1738 (2d edition, corrected, 60pp). Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 225. Ward & Carozzi, 115.

[1739] Woodward, John. Geografia Fisica: ovvero Saggio intorno alla storia naturale della terra. Venice: Pasquali, 1739. 8vo. xi, 533p + 3pp advts + one folding plate (with old repair on verso). Title in red and black with small woodcut vignette. Some minor worming present in front and rear hinges, but is not present in the text. Large rubber stamp of “Mario Cermenati” on free front end-paper. Contemporary full vellum over boards, a fine copy.

First Italian edition. Jahn, “A bibliographical history of John Woodward’s An essay toward a natural history of the Earth,” pp.201-203, noting that “The French, Italian and German translations of the Essay include sections taken from two of Woodward’s other works: Natural History of the Earth, illustrated (1726) and Fossils of all Kinds (1728).” As noted in Mercati 1719, Cermenati taught geology and paleontology in Rome.

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[1739] Rumpf, Georg Eberhard. Thesaurus Imaginum Piscium Testaceorum; quales sunt cancri, echini, echinometra, stellae marinae, &c. ut et cochlearum… The Hague: de Hondt, 1739. Folio. 14, [8]pp + engraved frontispiece portrait + engraved title-page [dated 1711] + 60 engraved plates. Title in red and black with engraved vignette. Contemporary half-leather over plain boards, scuffed and chipped; slight old damp stain on lower corner of rear leaves; otherwise a very good, untrimmed copy.

Second edition. Although this “abridgment” of Rumpf’s famous catalogue was first published in Leyden in 1711 by Peter Vander Aa, this 1739 edition does include Vander Aa’s wonderfully allegorical title-page in which a group of classically attired Ancients enthusiastically work on their shell collection. This volume reproduces all 60 plates from Rumpf’s D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer (1705), with the addition of a Latin preface, contents of plates, and indices. Murray, III, p.146. Nissen ZBI, 3520. Wood p.546, citing this 1739 issuing and adding, “The first edition of this extract was (probably) issued in 1711.” Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.222, citing 1711 ed.

[1740] Séguier, Johanne-Francisco. Bibliotheca Botanica, sive Catalogus Auctorum et Librorum omnium qui de Re Botanica, de Medicamentis ex Vegetabilibus paratis, de Re Rustica, [and] de Horticultura tractant… Accessit Bibliotheca Botanica Jo. Ant. Bumaldi… The Hague: Joannem Neaulme, 1740. 4to. 16, 450, 66pp. Title in red and black. Later red cloth over marbled boards. Very clean copy.

First edition of this early annotated botanical bibliography, covering floras, medical botany, and horticultural works and printed in a number of languages. “The coverage of the book is excellent, due to the fact that Séguier saw an unusual number of libraries on his European tour. He furthermore consulted as many catalogues of private libraries as possible. With the major Paris and London libraries accounted for, with the information obtained from Gronovius in Holland, and his careful scanning of the literature, Séguier achieved a very high degree of coverage” (Stafleu & Cowan, Taxonomic Literature, 11624). Of course, many of the works in the Jahn collection are referenced in this work. Includes the separately paginated reprint of Montalbanus’s Bibliotheca Botanica, seu Herbaristarum Scriptorum Promota Synodia. BM Nat. History 1894.

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[1742] [Bourguet, Louis and Pierre Carter] Traité des Petrifications. Paris: Braisson, 1742. 4to. xvi, 163, 91, [1]pp + 60 folding plates. Manuscript note in French on the title-page states that this copy once belonged to Louis Delaunay, director of the Museum of Natural History at Tours. Contemporary full mottled calf, rubbed with some wear on corners, front joint starting at top and bottom but covers firm; decorative gilt-stamped spine, original marbled end-papers. Text and plates fine.

First edition. One of the earliest books on paleontology published in French, and the main work of Bourguet [1678-1742], one of the outstanding geologists of the eighteenth century. The illustrations of hundreds of fossils were collected by Bourguet (mostly from Switzerland) or reproduced from fossils depicted in the works of Lange and Scheuchzer. This work was also issued in 1742 with a different title and imprint: Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire naturelle des petrifications dans les quatre parties du monde (The Hague: Jean Neaulme, 1742). With the exception of the title leaf, everything is identical with the Paris issue, and printed from the same type and plates. BM Nat. History I, p.78 (under “B***”). Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 160 (Paris ed.). Nissen ZBI, 498, only citing the Hague edition for 1742. Ward & Carozzi, 282 (Paris ed.).

The Classic Shell Book

[1742] Gualtieri, Niccolo. Index Testarum Conchyliorum quae adseruantur in museo Nicolai Gualteri… Florence: Albizzini, 1742. Royal folio. xxiii + engraved portrait + engraved title-page + 110 plates, each with a page of descriptive letterpress on the versos facing the numbered leaves. Also with sixteen sectional title pages (in red and black with engraved vignette), each with a facing full-page engraving. Main title in red and black and with large engraved vignette. Armorial bookplate of Arthur Wood on front paste-down. Light old damp stain on lower corner of first 27 leaves—very light and diminishes, but the stain is not near any of the fine shell plates. Contemporary full leather with marbled panels mounted on covers, later period rebacking with decorative title label. Solid and clean binding with plates and text in fine condition.

First edition. One of the classic illustrated plate books on conchology, written by Gualtieri (1688-1744), a medical doctor as well as a professor at the University of Padua. Gualtieri’s close attention to an accurate classification of the shells had a great influence on Lamarck and other zoologists. The plates—engraved by Antonio Pazzi after drawings by Giuseppe Menabuoni—are now so well known that they have been reproduced as posters and wall-paper. There is also an active market in the sale of the individual original plates which have been recently hand-colored. For example, a New York gallery offers a set of eight prints removed from a volume of this folio (newly colored and framed) for $4,800 [“wonderful decoration for the beach house”!]. Murray noted, “The figures, says Cuvier, are numerous and exact” (I, p.147). BM Nat. History II, p.744. Nissen ZBI, 1736. Ward & Carozzi, 968. Shell Books (1684-1912) and Shells, #4. Dance, The Art of Natural History (1990), p.74. Murray, II, p.270

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[1742] Royal Society of Paris. The Philosophical History and Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris: Or, An abridgment of all the papers relating to natural philosophy, which have been publish’d by the members of that illustrious society from the year 1699 to 1720. Translated and abridged by Thomas Martyn and Ephraim Chambers. London: Knapton, 1742. Five volumes, 8vos. 456, [16]; 407, [15], 10; 422, [16]; 410, [14], 11-26; 426, 14pp. With 44 (of 45) engraved plates, plate 3 in Vol. II not bound in [nor is there any evidence of its removal]. Armorial bookplate of Downfield on each front paste-down. Bound in matching contemporary full polished calf with matching red leather spine labels. Bindings, plates, and text in fine condition.

First edition in English. A collection of extracts and abridgements of papers on a variety of topics, including geology, natural history, meteorology, medicine, and astronomy. Each volume with its own General Index as well as an Index to Authors’ Names [actually an index to authors named). Many references and citations to scientists throughout Europe, including Newton, Galileo, Kepler, and the English naturalists such as Lhwyd and Ray. For example, in a paper from 1718 on “An examination of the causes of the impression of plants marked on certain stones,” the author (M. de Jussieu) comments, “As I had remembered to have read in Mr Lhwyd’s letters, that the stones imprinted with figures of plants, are most commonly found in the neighborhood of coal mines, rendered me attentive to the figure, the colour, and the impressions of all the stones which I found near these mines.” That article is accompanied by a nicely engraved folding plate showing a variety of coal fossils. The whole assemblage of papers is representative of the range of scientific inquiry on the Continent at the turn of the eighteenth century.

[1742] Sendel, Nathaniel. Historia succinorum corpora aliena involvientum et naturae opere pictorum et caolatorum. Leipzig: Gledistchium, 1742. Folio. viii, [2], 328pp + 13 folding plates (after C. Boëtius) of insects and lichen entombed in amber. Engraved vignette on title-page. Two engraved head- pieces. Contemporary full calf, some wear on corners, with expert period rebacking keeping original marbled end-papers. Armorial bookplate of “E. Bibl. Radcl” (Radcliffe Library, Oxford) with added later small ink stamp noting this being a Bodlian Library Duplicate on front paste-down. Contemporary signature of C. Miller on inside flyleaf, and initials C.M. on verso of title. Very clean, wide-margined copy.

First edition. “The thoroughly remarkable and valuable detailed descriptive catalog of some of the specimens in the collection of amber inclusions that had been assembled for August the Strong… and preserved in the famous baroque palace of Dresden known as the Zwinger… J.H. Langenhein, Harvard U Botanical Leaflet (v.20, 1964, p.226) claims that this is ‘the earliest work containing figures of plants in amber’” (Sinkankas 5970). Nissen ZBI, 3807. Ward & Carozzi, 2023 (reproducing the title-page on p.429). Missed by Wilson when preparing his “Bibliography of Collection Catalogs.”

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First Colorplate Book Devoted to Mineralogy

[1743] Hebenstreit, Johann Ernst. Museum Richterianum: continens fossilia animalia, vegetabilia mar. Leipzig: Fritsch, 1743. Folio (405 x 250mm). 56, 384, [18], 34pp + double-page frontispiece view of the Museum, an engraved portrait of Richter + 17 engraved plates, including 14 original hand-colored [some heightened in gold] plates, with multiple mineral specimens on each plate, engraved by C.F. Boetius. Title-page in red and black, with an engraved vignette. Also with large illustrated engraved head- and tail-pieces. Text in double columns, Latin & German. Contemporary leather (with gilt-stamped spine panels) and paste-paper marbled boards. Old light damp stain on top of last nine leaves, otherwise a very good and clean copy, with fine plates.

First edition. Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of one of the largest natural history collections of the period. “This large, complex work described the splendid cabinet of natural curiosities gathered by [Johann Christoph] Richter [a Leipzig banker]… An outstanding feature of the work is the very high quality of the engraved plates and the specially engraved vignettes” (Sinkankas, Gemology, 2831). Regarding the colored plates, Sinkankas notes: “Some copies have been recorded with the [14] mineral/fossil plates hand water-colored & heightened in gold; it is not known if these were officially sponsored or merely colored by [original] owners.” Writer and editor Wendell Wilson stated: “The massive, systematically arranged catalogue of [Richter’s] collection (with its hand-colored engravings of 114 of his best specimens), is a landmark in the history of mineral literature, ranking as the first colorplate book devoted primarily to mineralogy” (“Hebenstreit’s Museum Richterianum,” in The Mineralogical Record, Sept.-Oct. 1990). In describing the two states (colored and uncolored) of the plates, Wilson observed, “apparently only four copies in colored state have survived. They are in the DeGolyer Library at the University of Oklahoma, Norman; the Boston Public Library; the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia; and the Richard Bideaux library in Tucson.” Wilson—who noted the “careful use of metallic gold and silver paints for highlighting” on these plates—believed that the color-plate copies were “certainly ‘official’ products of the publisher.” Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 392, cataloguing a copy lacking the portrait and with the plates in the uncolored state. BM Nat. History II, p.806. Murray, III, p.127, noting “some copies are on large paper in which the plates are coloured by hand.” Nissen ZBI, 1869 (not noting color plates). Ward & Carozzi, 1033. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, pp, 94-95, 222. The plates in the Freilich apparently were uncolored—in fact, the catalogue description did not even mention the presence of any plates (Sotheby’s 1/11/01, Lot 111). The Freilich copy also measured slightly smaller (378 x 235 mm).

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[1744] Gersaint, Edmé François. Catalogue raisonné d’une collection… en tous genres de … Monsieur Bonnier de la Mosson… Paris: Barois…, 1744. 8vo. xiv, 234, [2]pp + engraved frontispiece of shells and coral. Unidentified monogram stamp on front paste-down and at bottom of title. Untrimmed copy in contemporary leather.

First edition. Rare sales catalogue prepared by Gersaint for the auction of the extensive and important “cabinet of curiosities” assembled by Bonnier de la Masson, as well as some material from two other collections. The introduction provides some useful descriptive information on the collection’s use and acquisition. The French naturalist Buffon bought widely (shells and reptiles) at this sale. Grinke lists two other “such remarkable sales catalogues compiled by the expert E.F. Gersaint,” one in 1736, the other also in 1744 (From Wunderkammer to Museum, 9 and 10). Murray also lists three different catalogues by Gersaint, but not this particular one. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.205.

[1745] Luther, Johann George. Historiae Naturalis Fossilium Caput de Terris… Leipzig: Imman, 1745. 4to, 36pp. Recent green morocco and cloth boards. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with crossed geological hammers] on p.[2].

First edition. Luther’s dissertation on the natural history of fossils, presented before Johann Ernest Hebenstreit (who two years earlier had been busy with his own project—the Museum Richterianum).

Royal Dresden Museum Catalogue

[1749] Ludwig, Christian Gottleib. Terrae Musei Regii Dresdensis quas digessit descripsit illustravit D.C.G. Ludwig… Leipzig: Glenitsch, 1749. Double folio. xvi, 298, [7]pp + 12 engraved plates (mostly of medallions and emblems). With engraved vignette on title and six engraved chapter head- pieces. Contemporary patterned cloth and marbled boards, slightly rubbed, otherwise a fine copy with very clean plates and text.

First edition. Fine descriptive catalogue of the mineral collection owned, at this time, by Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony. The collection included many fossils. The illustrations actually depict the numerous emblematic covers of the specimen containers. Ludwig (1709-1773) was a physician and botanist best known for his work on botanical philosophy, Institutiones historico- physicae regni vegetablis… (1742). His skill as classification was put to good use in this museum catalogue. Murray, II, p.215. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.212.

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Renaissance Thought on the Power of Stones

[1750] Leonardi, Camillo. The Mirror of Stones: in which the nature, generation, properties, virtues and various species of more than 200 different jewels… are distinctly described. London: Freeman, 1750. 8vo. 240 [i.e., 160- pp.120-199 misnumbererd as 200-240]. Contemporary full leather, recent period-style rebacking, new end-papers; very good copy.

First edition in English of Leonardi’s classic Renaissance work on mineralogy and the occult power of gemstones, Speculum Palidum Clarissi Artium, first published in Venice, 1502. “In addition to summarizing the contents, the translator (preface) provides a lively and amusing account of the rarity of previous editions and the lengths to which one English nobleman went to obtain a copy on the Continent” (Sinkankas 3896). “Very rare” (Henry Sotheran, 1956). Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 527. Ward & Carozzi, 1368.

[1750] Lucanus, Johann Gottfried. Dissertationem Physico-Theologicam qua Geogenia et Cataclysmologia Whistoniana dubia redditur. Halle: Furstiana, 1750. 4to. 40, [4]pp. Old damp stain in last half of text. Untrimmed copy in recent green morocco and cloth boards. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with small crossed geological hammers] on bottom of title-page.

First edition. Review of the cosmology of the Earth, and especially concerning the idea of the Universal Deluge, as expressed by William Whitson in his A New Theory of the Earth (London. 1696). Lucanus presented this paper as his dissertation before Johann Gottlieb Krüger.

[1751] Hill, John. A Review of the Works of the Royal Society of London; containing Animadiversions on such of the Papers as deserve Particular Observation. In Eight Parts. London: Griffiths, 1751. 4to. viii, 265, [3]pp. Old light damp stain along top edge. Armorial bookplates of Sir Edward B. Baker. Contemporary calf leather and marbled boards, with leather spine label.

First edition. Famous satire on the Royal Society by this infamous cranky London physician who did write a number of serious books on a variety of topics. “Hill’s scientific labors were colored by his frequent satirical attacks on his contemporaries; denied membership in the Royal Society of London, he attacked that body in volumes such as his biting Review of the Works of the Royal Society” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography, VI, pp.400- 01). Hill presented eight “papers,” one each on the arts, antiquities, medicines, miracles, zoophytes, animals, vegetables, and minerals. Sinkankas 2945, for Hill’s text on fossils and gemstones.

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[1752] Scilla, Agostino. De Corporibus Marinis Lapidescentibus Quae Defossa Reperiuntur. Rome: Angeli Rotilli, 1752. 4to. vii, 84, [8]pp + 30 leaves of plates. With engraved frontispiece [with the title in Latin, dated 1751] and vignette title-page. Title in red and black. Bookplates of F.A. Pouchet and E. Bugaille (with engraved images of shells) on front paste-down. Old damp stain through corner of text and plates. Untrimmed copy in contemporary blue boards, rubbed, and marbled-paper spine.

Second edition in Latin of Scilla’s La vana speculazione disingannata del senso [Vain Speculation undeceived by Sense] (1670), a study on the fossils of Southern Italy and an early geological work on the deluge theory. “While he criticizes those who doubt the organic nature of fossils, he is inclined to consider reliquiae diluvianae—remains of the Mosaic Deluge” (Jahn, The Lying Stones, p.167). But Scilla did hold to the theory that certain fossils had origins as marine organisms. Scilla “could not be any clearer in his comparison between the abundant living shells on the beach and those in the Pliocene coastal coquinas of Sicily” (Ward & Carozzi, p.12). Wonderful symbolic frontispiece “showing ‘Sense’ with the eye of Reason [on his breast] demonstrating to ‘Vain Speculation’ the organic nature of a fossil sea-urchin and shark’s tooth” (Rudwick, pp.56- 58). Beringer cites the 1670 Naples edition as one of his sources. Dictionary of Scientific Biography XII, p.257. Ward & Carozzi, 2005 (reproducing the title-page of this edition on p.417). The first edition in Latin was published in Rome, 1747.

[1753] Klein, Jacob Theodor. Tentamen Methodi Ostracologicae siv Dispositio Naturalis Conchlidum et Concharum in suas Classes, Genera et Species… Leyden: Wishoff, 1753. 4to. [10], 177, [35], 44, 16, [2]pp + 12 copper-plate engravings. Title in red and black. Contemporary full polished calf, some flaking of gilt-stamping on spine, author’s name and date neatly penned on front cover, otherwise a fine copy.

First edition. Detailed classification, drawing on the work of scientists and collections, especially George Rumpf and Filippo Buonanni (with references to the illustrations in their works). Klein also includes a section in which he “throws light” on the formation and coloring of shells followed by a commentary on Pliny’s writings about shells. Klein (1685- 1759) wrote a number of book on a variety of natural history topics— from sea urchins to fish to birds. “A principal concern in his monographs is classification. Klein’s taxonomic method was based entirely in external characteristics… and he vigorously opposed any method, including the Linnaean system, based on characters not visible externally” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography VII, p.401. Handsome, delicately drawn plates of 228 specimen of shells. BM Nat. History II, p.992. Graesse IV, p.28. Nissen ZBI, 2211.

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[1753] Stobaeus, Kilan. Opera in quibus petrefactorum, numismatum et antiquitatum historia illustratur, in unum volumen collecta. Danzig: Knochium, 1753. 4to. [12], 327, [7]pp With 17 wood and copper “plates”—including seven folding plates [two folding leaves with two “plates” each], two “plates” within the text. Collates complete. Untrimmed copy in later morocco and boards, fine.

First printing of this posthumous work which includes a brief biography of the author (1690- 1742). Stobaeus covers all of the theories regarding the origin of fossils, quoting from all of the major authors, including Mylius, Scheuchzer, Büttner, Worm, Lhwyd, Helwing, and others. He also covers shells, sea urchins, shark’s teeth, ancient petroglyphs, and coins. BM Nat. History V, p.2023. Graesse VI, p.501.

[1755] Dezallier d’Argenville, A.-J. L’Histoire Naturelle Éclaircie dans une de ses Parties Principales, L’Oryctologie, qui traite des terres, des pierres, des métaux, des mineraux, et autres fossiles… Paris: de Bure L’Ainé, 1755. 4to. xvi, 560, [2]p. Engraved frontispiece [noted as Plate 1] depicting “L’Oryctologie” [mythic woman gathering shells] plus 25 engraved plates. Title in red and black. Contemporary full mottled calf with decorative gilt-stamped spine, red leather spine label, original marbled end-papers; slight cracking in front joint, otherwise a fine, bright copy.

First complete edition, preceded by a 1742 work which only covered conchology. This 1755 edition presents a survey of mineralogical and paleontological knowledge of the day, and opens with a 36-page Critical Analysis of works on Lithology and Conchyology. The authors discussed include Aldrovandi, Rumpf, Lange, Theophrastus, Pliny, Bauhin, de Boodt, Major, Boccone, Lister, Scheuchzer, Lhwyd, Woodward, and Bourguet— all represented in the Jahn Collection. “One of the author’s famous and popular treatises on natural history subjects, this one describing all classes of mineral substances according to a system devised by him by which they are divided into two broad groups: (1) substances occurring naturally in the crust, and (2) those which do not”—Sinkankas 1680 (who also calls attention to the “many finely attractive plates”). “Another of the natural histories that enrich the [Hoover] library, this one was the product of a writer for the Encyclopédie, a naturalist and biographer who assembled his own great cabinet of stones and metals and minerals”—Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 264. Plate 17 depicts “Parties du Corps Humain Petrifiées,” including an illustration of Scheuchzer’s “Diluvian Man.” Graesse II p.194. Ward & Carozzi, 660 (reproducing the title-page on p.181).

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Classic English Natural History—The Illustrator’s Copy

[1755] Ellis, John. An essay towards a natural history of the corallines, and other marine productions of the like kind, commonly found on the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. London, The Author, 1755. 4to. xvii, 103, [1]pp + engraved frontispiece + 39 engraved plates (including 20 folding plates) some from drawings by Ehret + a four-page manuscript “Catalogue of the zoophytes and other marine productions in Ellis’ Essay on the Corallines” prepared by Thomas G. Rylands in 1841 (penned in red and black), bound between C and C2. With armorial bookplates of Thomas Glazebrook Rylands and John Paul Rylands on the front paste-down. Also with a long manuscript note regarding this particular copy by T.G. Rylands on inside blank flyleaf (dated 1894) and his signature on the title-page (1841). Contemporary full polished calf with recent leather rebacking, new spine label.

First edition. Presentation copy from Ellis “to my worthy and obliging Friend, George Dyonisius Ehret”—the botanical artist who drew some of the original delicate illustrations used in this work. On p.viii, Ellis describes Ehret, who accompanied the author on his exploring expeditions to the “Seaside,” as “a Gentleman universally known to the learned Botanists of Europe, for his exquisite Manner of designing and painting Plants and Flowers.” For this work, Ellis was awarded the Copley medal of the Royal Society. As the Dictionary of National Biography noted, this work established Ellis’s reputation “as one of the most acute observers of his time.” The Hoover catalogue echoed this statement, adding that “Linnaeus named a plant after [Ellis]” (Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 277, which did not have the folding plate of Mr Cuff’s Aquatic Microscope, present in our copy as the last plate). BM Nat. History II, p.523. Nissen ZBI, 591. The wonderful frontispiece to this “handsome” volume is reprinted in Knight’s Natural Science Books in English 1600-1900, p.96.

And The French Edition

[1756] Ellis, John. Essai sur l’histoire naturelle des corallines, et d’autres productions marines de même genre, qu’on trouve communement sur les côtes de la Grande-Bretagne et d’Irelande. The Hague: Pierre de Hondt, 1756. 4to. xvi, 125pp + engraved frontispiece + 39 plates (five folding). Title in red and black. Marbled end-papers. Armorial bookplate (printed in green) “Ex Libris Marchionis Salsae” as well as another unindentfied armorial bookplate. Contemporary full mottled calf with decorative gilt-stamped spine. Very nice copy.

First French edition of this work by “a bright star of natural history” and “the main support of natural history in England” (Linnaeus). Same plates as in the English edition, but here bound after the text. Plate 38—“The manner in which the Sea Polypes call’d Corallines produce their Young”—is printed here without the six columns of printed text present on the English plate because the publisher refused to pay the extra cost. So Ellis re-wrote the notes into a chapter which appears here in French—translated by J.H.S. Allamand—as Chapter 12. BM Nat. History II, p.523.

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[1757] Mendes da Costa, Emanuel. A Natural History of Fossils. Vol I, Part 1 [all published]. London: Davis & Reymers, 1757. 4to. vi, [2], 294pp + one plate. Gift bookplate of The Institution of Surveyors [gift of member W. Blount, 1874] on the front paste-down. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, recent rebacking.

First edition. “The first and only part of a projected work intended to be pursued ‘through the whole of the Fossil kingdom,’ but probably stopped because of the expense which the author laments in his preface as being so large that even advance sales to subscribers did not defray costs of this initial volume… The preface also states that his mineralogy is prepared under a new system, but this seems not to be unique because he classified fossils, that is, minerals, according to their external characters primarily… This work is of interest to gemologists because it describes in detail a large number of marbles and porphyries used for decorative purposes, and indeed most of the work, from page 185 to the end, is so occupied. Rare.”—Sinkankas 4378. Mendes da Costa (1717-1791) was a professional mineralogist who also served for a while as foreign secretary to the Royal Society. BM Nat. History VII, p.825. Ward & Carozzi, 1539.

[1758] Schreber, Johann Christian David. Lithographia Halensis… Halle: Curt, 1758. 58pp. Recent green morocco and cloth boards, plain rear wrapper bound in. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with crossed geological hammers] on bottom of title-page. Repair made to verso of title, otherwise fine.

First edition. Description and classification (by the Linnean method) of the stones, minerals, and fossils found in this region of Germany, presented as Schreber’s dissertation before Joachim Lange (1698-1765), a professor of philosophy and mathematics at Halle (and owner of a large private mineral collection—see Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.179). Schreber dedicated this work in the most glowing of terms to Carl von Linné; not surprisingly, Schreber went on to study with Linnaeus (presenting his thesis in 1760) and he later edited a ten-volume edition of Linnean theses and orations (Amoenitates Academicae, 1785-90). Schreber also authored many botanical papers, stressing the Linnean classification system. Ward & Carozzi, 1323, citing only a 1759 edition of this paper under Lange’s name. That edition (80pp) also has a different title-page. The last leaf of this 1758 edition, H1, concludes with an errata to Schreber’s text, but has a catchword [“Mon-”], suggesting that Lange’s reply may have been appended. OCLC catalogues both versions (e.g, 1758, 58pp; 1759, 80pp); BM Nat. History catalogues neither.

[1759] Scilla, Agostino. De Corporibus Marinis Lapidescentibus Quae Defossa Reperiuntur. Rome: Zempel, 1759. 4to. [6], 82, [6] + 30 plates [Plates XI and XXIII numbered twice]. Lacks frontispiece. Title in red and black with engraved vignette. Charles Atwood Kofoid’s copy, with his large-format bookplate. Cloth and marbled boards, old damp stain along bottom of text and plates.

Second printing of the Latin edition of Scilla’s La vana speculazione disingannata dal senso. Ward & Carozzi, 2004.

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[1760] Lhwyd, Edward. Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia sive Lapidum aliorumque Fossilium Britannicorum singulari figura insignum… Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1760. 8vo. [18], 156, [5]pp + 25 folding plates. With three engravings and two woodcuts in text. With signature of John Weal Jr. as well as a neatly penned note by Weal regarding Lhwyd and this book on the free front end-paper (dated 1815 and 1834), with later signature of T. Price; also with the attractively illustrated engraved bookplate of Hugh Boulter, with the text of “Boulter’s Museum” and “Dealers in curious Books and Antiquities in General.” Contemporary full calf with decorative spine and spine label, front board detached.

Second edition, with the plates re-engraved and with some alterations to numbering. Edited by William Huddesford who was then keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, and thus was in charge of Lhwyd’s fossils. Ward & Carozzi, 1384. Jahn, “A note on the editions of Edward Lhwyd’s Lithophylacii Britannici ichnographia.” Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 534. In his calendar of British book collectors, A Roll of Honour, Hazlitt called Mr. Boulter’s bookplate “curious.” Purchased from Quaritch, 1960.

[1761] Schuette, Johann Heinrich. Oryctographia Jenensis, sive fossilium et mineralium in agro Jenensi. Jena: Güthuius, 1761. 12mo. 140pp. Recent morocco and cloth. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with crossed geological hammers] on bottom of title-page, otherwise fine.

Second edition, revised, of Schütte’s dissertation, first published when he was a young man in 1720 (Leipzig, 110pp; see Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 733 and BM Nat. History IV, p.1867). A professor in Jena, Schütte (1694-1774) writes here about all manners of stones and minerals, including lusus naturae. This edition includes a brief “epilogue” from the anonymous editor.

[1763] Bertrand, É[lie]. Dictionnaire universel des fossiles propres et des fossiles accidentels… The Hague: Pierre Gosse, Junior and Daniel Pinet, 1763. 8vo. [2], xxxii, 284; [4]. 256pp. Two volumes bound together [as usual]. Titles in red and black. Contemporary full vellum over boards, small red leather spine label; slight soiling on boards otherwise a fine copy.

First edition of this “comprehensive encyclopedia of minerals, fossils, ores, stones, etc., and with numerous entries for gemstones, with brief definitions and with references from which information derived… Valuable for its indications of contemporary knowledge”—Sinkankas 601. “Extremely useful compendium in Latin, French and German” (Ward & Carozzi, p.14). Ward & Carozzi, 193 (reproducing the title-page on p.85).

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[1764] Linné, Carl von. Museum S:ae R:ae M:tis Ludovicae Ulricae reginae Suecorum… in quo animalia rariora, exotica, imprimis insecta & conchilia describuntur & determinantur Prodromi instar editum. Stockholm: Salvii, 1764. 8vo. 730, [2]; 110pp. Two parts bound (as issued) together. Title in red and black. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, some wear on spine ends, otherwise a very good copy.

First edition. Two of Linnaeus’s three “museological works.” The main work here is a descriptive catalogue of the Natural Cabinet at Drottningholm belonging to Queen Louise Ulrika. The second title in this volume is Linnaeus’s Museum S:ae R:ae M:tis Adolph Friderici regis Svecorum… in quo animalia rariora, imprimis & exotica: aves, amphibia, pisces describuntur (1764). This is a supplement to Linnaeus’s 1754 catalogue of a collection presented by King Adolph Friderick to the Zoological Museum of the University of Uppsala. British Museum, Catalogue of the Works of Linnaeus, 1095a (citing publication of both titles in one volume, although they were also issued separately). Murray, II, p.191.

[1767] Beringer, Johann Bartholomew Adam. Lithographiae Wirceburgenis, decentis Lapidum figuratorum, a protiori insectformium, prodigiosis imaginibus exornata. Frankfurt & Leipzig: Tobias Goebhardt, Bookseller at Bambergen and Würtzberg, 1767. Folio. Engraved frontispiece + 96pp + 21 plates. Title-page with engraved vignette. Contemporary half vellum over marbled boards, portions of the marbled paper on the front board have been scraped away. Text and plates fine.

Second edition [re-issue]. As Jahn pointed out, this 1767 edition of Beringer’s famous work “is simply a re-issue of the sheets of the 1726 imprint with the addition of a new title-page and the cancellation of the dedication, the dedicatory epistle, and Hueber’s Corollaria Medica” (“A note on the ‘editions’ of Beringer’s Lithographiae Wirceburgensi,” p.150). How a bookseller in Würtzburg got hold of the original sheets (including the plates) of Beringer’s self-suppressed book, 27 years after the author’s death, and convinced a printer in Frankfurt to print up a new title-page, remains a biblio- mystery. Jahn, however, noted, “The re-issue of the work as a literary curiosity is often attributed to one of Beringer’s [two] sons” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, p.16). But then one asks, “To what end? Why re-issue a work that was the record of an obvious hoax perpetrated upon ones own father?” Grinke From Wunderkammer to Museum, 52 (1767 re-issue). Ward & Carozzi, 183.

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Corrected and Enhanced Edition of the Finest Shell Book

[1770] Lister, Martin. Historiae sive Synopsis methodicae conchyliorum et tabularum anatomicarum. Oxford: Clarendon, 1770. Folio. iv, + copper-printed plates (a few folding) numbered to 1059 on 439ff; 6 + 7pp + 22 plates; Duo Indices ad Synopsis Methodicam Conchyliorum, (Oxford, 1770), 77pp. Collates complete to OCLC collation (although Plate 4 is present in this copy). A fine, untrimmed copy in recent half red morocco over boards. An exceptionally clean and bright copy.

Second complete edition [first pub. 1685- 92] of this famous shell book, designed by its author to “include all the land, freshwater and marine shells then known, both recent and fossil,” producing in the end “the first practical systematic work on conchology” (Wilkins). This 1770 edition has the same subdivisions as in the previous edition, but with corrections made to the previous erratic plate numbering. The Indices, as well as six pages of notes by Lister, are new to this edition. Of this second edition, Brunet commented: “If the first edition was notable due to the quality of its plates, this [edition] has the advantage of two Indexes added by the publisher, which facilitate the use of the book and correct the lack of order in the arrangement of the shells. There are also more than six pages of Dr. Lister’s remarks and observations, in English, sent to the publisher by a London informant” (III, 1097). William Huddesford, Curator of the Ashmolean Museum, oversaw publication of this massive work, using the original copper plates which Lister had bequeathed to Oxford. Most of plates had been made by Lister’s wife, Anna, and his daughter, Susanna, over a period of years (ca.1680-1690), from the their own original illustrations. “The figures are so accurate, and all are so characteristic, that even to this day they are indispensable to the conchologist, and this remarkable volume forms one of the most valuable and standard works in this department of zoology” (Allibone, quoting the naturalist William Swainson who was himself an expert in conchology and author of numerous books on the subject). BM Nat. Hist. 1155. Geikie p.76 (“a remarkable history of all the shells then known, with accurate plates”). Keynes, Martin Lister, 49. Shell Books (1684-1912) and Shells, #2. Nissen ZBI, 2529. Ward & Carozzi, 1393. Wilkins, Guy T., “Notes on the Historia Conchyliorum of Martin Lister (1638-1712)” in The Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 3:4, Jan, 1957.

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[1773] Buonanni, Filippo et al. Rerum Naturalium Historia Nempe Quadrupedum, Insectorus, Piscium Voriorumque Marinorum Corporum Fossilium, Plantarum Exoticarum ac Praesertim Testaceorum Exsistium in Museo Kircheriano. Rome: Zempelliano, 1773-82. Folio, two volumes. xl, 259pp + engraved frontispiece + 51 engraved plates, with five large engraved chapter head-pieces and six large tail-pieces; xxvii, 357pp + engraved dedication leaf + 59 plates. Each title in red and black with engraved vignette. Total of 110 full-page plates. Slight occasional offsetting on plates in Volume I [which previously had been bound throughout the text]. Later polished calf over contemporary marbled boards. A fine set.

New edition, based partially upon Buonanni’s 1709 catalogue of Athanasius Kircher’s famous private museum, Museum Kircherianum, although Volume I [1773] is the first printing of the natural history portion of the collection, edited by Giovanni Antonio Battara who also added extensive annotations to Buonanni’s original text as well as a new classification method and new illustrations. This volume covers items relating to quadrupeds, reptiles, insects, fish, exotic plants, and fossils. Volume II is devoted exclusively shells, again expanding from Buonanni’s earlier work, and includes a catalogue of the shell collection of Peter Paul Scali. The second [1782] volume includes 59 attractive plates of shells; Buonanni’s 1709 catalogue of the Kircher Museum included 48 plates of shell specimens. See From Wunderkammer to Museum, 35. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.215, thinking that the 1782 volume was another “edition” of the 1773 volume [although it clearly states “Pars Secunda” on the title-page]. BM Nat. History I, p.287. Brunet I, 1086. Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, pp.591-2. Graesse I, p.408. Murray, II, p.134.

[1773] Reuss, August Christian von. Dissertatio Physica de Terrae Motuum Caussis… Tübingen: Fuesian, 1773. 8vo. 24pp. Recent green morocco and cloth. Small ownership stamp of Johannes Walther [with crossed geological hammers] on bottom of title-page, otherwise very good.

First edition. Reuss’s dissertation on the movements of the earth, including discussions about earthquakes, minerals, and the appearance of fossils.

[1774] Hill, John. Theophrastus’s History of Stones. With an English Version, and Notes, Including the Modern History of Gems, etc. described by that Author, and of many other of the Native Fossils… And with an IDEA of a Natural and Artificial Method of Fossils. London: Printed for the Author, 1774. 8vo. viii, 343, [45]pp. Later half calf over silk-covered boards; slight foxing otherwise a fine copy.

Second edition in English, enlarged; the first English ed. was published in 1746. Hill added to this second edition two indices to Greek words used by Theophrastus, some “observations on the new Swedish acid,” and Hill’s ideas about fossils. Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 784, citing 1746 ed. Sinkankas 6592. Ward & Carozzi, 2168.

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[1776] Edwards, George. Elements of Fossilogy: Or, An arrangement of fossils, into classes, orders, genera, and species; with their characters… London: White, 1776. 8vo. [8], 120pp. Untrimmed copy in recent brown morocco and marbled boards; scattered foxing, otherwise a fine copy.

First edition. A posthumous publication of an uncommon work by Edwards (1694-1773) who was best known for his popular The History of Birds and Gleanings of Natural History, and for his talent as an illustrator of natural history topics. Edwards apologizes for using the word “fossilogy,” which breaks a rule of grammar “that no compound word is to be formed of other words, which are of different languages.” The OED cites Edwards’ book for the first appearance of this word, by which, of course, he meant “paleontology”—but that word was not coined until 1834, “almost simultaneously by two eminent authors, Ducrotay de Blainville and Fischer von Waldheim” (Zittel, p.363). Allibone attributes this book to a different George Edwards from the one described in the Dictionary of National Biography.

[1778] Born, Ignaz Edler von. Index rerum naturalium Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis. Pars 1, Testacea [all published]… Vienna: Kraus, 1778. 8vo. [40], 458, [82] + one colored plate. Engraved title-page. Minor old damp stain on gutter of first eight leaves, otherwise a very clean copy in contemporary half red morocco and marbled boards.

First edition. Rare catalogue of the Royal Imperial Natural History Collection in Vienna, prepared by Born (1742-1791), the Hungarian mineralogist and paleontologist who had himself assembled a large collection of minerals and fossils (see his Lithophylacium Bornianum, 1772-75). Born was active in the building of mineral collections and “Naturalien Kabinets” for other owners (e.g., Archduchess Maria Anna). “In 1776, Born was called to Vienna by Empress Maria Theresa and given the prestigious job of overseeing the curation, organization and growth of the Imperial mineral collection. Two years later he published an index of the collection… But following the Empress’s death in 1780 he abandoned the task of writing a more detailed description” (Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.106). In 1780, Born issued a second edition of this work, also published by Kraus, under the title Testacea Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis, folio with 18 colored plates; see Shell Books (1684-1912) and Shells, #10. Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, p.315. BM Nat. History I, p.202. Murray, II, p.245. See Nissen ZBI, 470.

[1778] Pliny, the Elder. Historiae naturalis liber nonus de aquatilium natura. Leyden: Haak & Luchtmans, 1778. 8vo. xvi, 198, [14]pp. Georges Cuvier’s copy, with his stamp and the stamp of the Museé d’Histoire Naturelle on the title-page. Charles Atwood Kofoid’s bookplate on front pastedown. Contemporary half leather and marbled boards, front joint cracked and spine scuffed.

“C’est le text de l’ed. Juntine de 1562 collationné av. plusieurs anc. éditions” (Graesse V, 343). Includes accounts of fossils and shells—naturally of great interest to Cuvier. Purchased from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge.

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[1778] Whitehurst, John. An inquiry into the original state and formation of the earth; deduced from facts and the laws of nature; to which is added an Appendix, contaning some general observations on the strata in Derbyshire… London: Copper, 1778. 4to. [14], ii, [2], 199pp + nine plates on four leaves (two folding). Contemporary full leather, worn around the edges, with recent leather rebacking. Slight foxing on folding map, otherwise a very clean, wide- margined copy.

First edition. “This well-known work, partly speculative in nature, established Whitehurst as the first proponent of the principle of a worldwide orderly superposition of strata, each with its characteristic lithology and fossils” (Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 884). “This work was the last effort of the fantastic English School of Cosmogonists. Amid absurd speculations as to the condition of Chaos and other equally visionary topics, Whitehurst wrote well on organic remains, and showed that he clearly grasped the stratigraphical succession of the formation in Derbyshire and other parts of England” (Geikie). Dictionary of Scientific Biography XIV, pp.311. Norman Library 2236. Ward & Carozzi, 2327.

[1780] Soldani, Ambrogio. Saggio Orittografico; ovvero, Osservazioni sopra le terre nautilitiche ed ammonitiche della Toscana. Con appendice o indice Latino ragionato de’ piccoli testacei, e d’altri fossili d’origin marina per schiarimento dell’opera… Siena: Vincenzo Passini Carli e Figlie, 1780. 4to. vii, 146pp. Engraved frontispiece + 22 (of 25) engraved folding plates [numbered 1-22]. Lacks plates 23-25. Old damp stain along bottom of text. Georges Cuvier’s copy, with his stamp and the stamp of the Museé d’Histoire Naturelle on the title-page. Untrimmed copy in recent half polished calf over marbled boards.

First edition. Study of fossil shells found in Tuscany by this “ardent naturalist [1736-1808]. In his studies of Pliocene marine formations of Tuscany and of preexistent ones bordering the Pliocene sea he proved to be an accomplished geologist, describing with great accuracy the lithological, stratigraphic, and paleontological characteristics of the deposits. Although his emphasis on the study of microscopic fossils (he described and drew hundreds of them, from mollusks to foraminifers) entitles him to be considered a paleontologist, Soldani never approached paleontological research as an end in itself” (Dictionary of Scientific Biography XII, p.517). Ward & Carozzi, 2083.

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Rare Mineralogical Works

[1779] [Schultz, Ernst Christoph] Beschreibung eines besondern Welt-Auges, welches in dem Cabinette eines Natur-Freundes zu Hamburg befindlich. Hamburg: Reuss, [1779]. 8vo. 27pp + engraved hand-colored frontispiece. Sinkankas 5891.

BOUND WITH:

Bemerkungen über einen monstreusen Canarien-Vogel. Hamburg: Reuss, [1780]. 18pp + hand-colored frontispiece of a giant yellow canary. Not in BM Nat. History Suppl.

BOUND WITH:

Characterisirung einer kleinen Art von Taschen-Krebsen, deren Rückenschild ein natürliches Menschengesicht vorstellet. Hamburg: Reuss, [1780]. 20pp+ hand-colored frontispiece showing two crabs. BM Nat. History Suppl. p.1165.

BOUND WITH:

Entdeckung einer dem Kreuz-Steine wesentlichen Entstehungs-Art der Kreuz- Figur… Hamburg: Reuss, [1780?]. 38pp + hand-colored engraved frontispiece of a mineral specimen in a cabinet. Ward & Carozzi, 1998.

BOUND WITH:

Vom Regenbogen-Achat, den der Verfasser dieses Briefes zuerst an die Pariser Academie… Hamburg: Reuss, [1777]. 23pp + hand-colored engraved frontispiece of rare agates. Sinkankas 5892 (“not seen”).

First editions. A collection of five very rare monographs by Schultz (1740-1810), a German naturalist who also formed an important collection of minerals. Originally published separately, these interesting papers are bound together here in contemporary plain boards. All are fine copies with very strong type impressions. The first work is a description of some hydrophane opals from the author’s mineral cabinet; the second describes a giant yellow canary, with a handsome frontispiece; the third is a paper on crabs that appear to have human faces on their shells; the fourth item, with its interesting colored frontispiece of a mineral specimen in its cabinet drawer, discusses a staurolite (or fairy cross); the fifth is a rare paper on the characteristics of certain agates, which Schultz had read before the Academy in 1777. As noted above, two of the works are cited by Sinkankas, although he was unable to examine copies personally. Also see Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.192, citing an 1818 edition of Schultz’s collection catalogue. The Freilich Auction offered a single copy of the last monograph, which sold for $2,280. All of these monographs are easily miscatalogued (see OCLC) as Schultz’s name does not appear on their title-pages, while those of his dedicatees (Born, Buffon, Daubenton, Heinitz, Pabst von Ohain) are present.

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Colorplate Book on Belgian Fossils

[1784] Burtin, François-Xavier de. Oryctographie de Bruxelles, ou, Description des fossiles tant naturels qu’accidentels découverts jusqu’à ce jour dans les environs de cette ville. [Brussels]: de le Maire, 1784. Folio. 152pp + engraved title-page + 32 engraved plates, engraved in brown and colored by hand. Extra frontis portrait of Burtin, from another source, tipped to the inside flyleaf. Untrimmed copy in contemporary leather over marbled boards, some wear on edges and spine, ends chipped, rear joint starting. Very clean text and plates.

First edition. Detailed study of fossils discovered near Brussels by Burtin (1743-1818), a physician and naturalist. Described as the “most beautiful and most attractive book on Belgian fossils ever published.” A tall, untrimmed copy of this work with the complete complement of hand-colored plates. BM Nat. History 291, citing 32 plates. Nissen ZBI, 769. Ward & Carozzi, 410. The Freilich copy, which sold for $3,300, only had 21 colored plates.

[1785] Boehmer, George Rudolph. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Historiae Naturalis Oeconomiae Aliarumque Artium Ac Scientiarum… Leipzig: Johann Friedrich Jr., 1785-1789. Nine volumes, 8vos. With illustrated title pages in Latin and German. Bound for the Athenaeum Club, London, in 1833, in blue cloth, with the Athenaeum gift bookplate on the front paste-down of six volumes, representing a gift from George Bellas Greenough—and with Greenough’s own armorial bookplate on the other three volumes. Nice association copy of this very good, scarce set.

First edition. Bibliographical guide to works on natural history published from the fifteenth century through the eighteenth. Titles often include references to reviews or commentary. Five parts arranged in nine volumes. Includes General Works (2 v.), Zoology (2 v.), Phytology (2 v.), Mineralogy (2 v.), and Hydrology (1 v.). Lengthy name index (including a separate one for anonymous works) included at the end of the last volume (pp.432-740). Volume I includes a list of works relating to natural history collections and museums (pp.369- 411), and hence Murray naturally cites this set in his “Bibliography of Bibliographies” (II, p.3). Boehmer, the author of many works on natural history, also taught medicine at the Univ. of Wittenberg. George Bellas Greenough (1778-1855) was a “wealthy geographer and geologist who studied at Eton, Cambridge, Göttingen, and under Werner at Freiberg. He was a great admirer of the Earl of Bute’s collection. He served as the first president of the Geological Society (1807-1813), and he built a geological collection (minerals, fossils, rocks) of his own later acquired by University College in London” (Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.87). Greenough’s books included Critical Examination of the First Principles of Geology (1819). BM Nat. History I, p.184. Graesse I, p.461.

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[1784] Kirwan, Richard. Elements of Mineralogy. London: Elmsley, 1784. 8vo. xviii, 412, [12]pp. Signature of “A. Bain” on corner of front paste-down (and the signature repeated below “Finis” on p.412). Contemporary full polished calf with red leather spine label, front joint starting, otherwise a fine copy. First edition of the “First systematic treatise on mineralogy that is based on the chemical compositions of minerals” (Sinkankas 3430). “Classifying minerals using their chemical composition was one of this Irish chemist’s finest works and the first such systematic treatment in English” (Hoover, Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 486). Kirwan (1733-1812) based his work on a close study of the 7,331 mineral specimens in the Leskean collection. Kirwan was later presented with a gold medal by the Royal Dublin Society for his help in the acquisition of the Leskean collection for their museum. Kirwan has also been proclaimed “The Nestor of English Chemistry.” The former owner, “A. Bain,” may be Alexander Bain, author of The Sense and the Intellect (London, 1855). Dictionary of Scientific Biography VII, pp.387-89. Ward & Carozzi, 1261.

[1789] [White, Gilbert] The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, in the county of Southampton: with engravings and an appendix. London: Printed by T. Bensley, 1789. 4to. [5], 468 [i.e. 466], [13]pp + folding frontispiece view + extra engraved title-page + seven copperplate engraved plates. Contemporary full diced calf with decorative gilt-stamping on covers and edges, bound by Treble [with his ticket on the front paste-down], with expert rebacking with original backstrip laid down,; all edges gilt, original marbled end-papers. Some foxing on plates, otherwise a fine, wide-margined copy. First edition of this classic work in local natural history, “The premier book of Nature Study in the English language” (Gunther, Early Medical and Biological Science, p.186). White’s book— written in a series of letters, most addressed to the naturalist Thomas Pennant—opens with a description of fossils in the area, illustrated with an engraved plate. Martin, A Bibliography of Gilbert White, pp.90-96. Norman Library 2235. Ward & Carozzi, 2325. Wood p.625.

[1786] Whitehurst, John. An inquiry into the original state and formation of the earth; deduced from facts and the laws of nature. London: Bent, 1786. 4to. [10] 283pp + engraved frontispiece portrait + seven folding plates. Contemporary calf and marbled boards, some wear on ends and joints; armorial emblem stamped in gilt on front cover. Portrait foxed with some offsetting onto title-page, otherwise a fine copy. Second edition, enlarged. Hoover, 886. Ward & Carozzi, 2328.

[1794] Schmidel, Casimir Christoph. Descriptio itineris per Helvetiam Galliam et Germaniae partem ann. 1773 et 1774 instituti, mineralogici, botanici et historici argumenti. 4to. Erlangen: Palm, 1794. 4to. 102pp + two folding delicately hand-colored plates. A fine, untrimmed and unopened copy bound in later plain wrappers.

First edition. Scarce description of a journey through Switzerland, France (to Normandy) and Germany, with a focus on minerals and botany, by this Swiss geologist and professor of medicine (1718-1792). This edition was prepared by Johann Christian Daniel Schreber. Hoover described one of Schmidel’s earlier papers (1753) on fossil metals and minerals (see Bibliotheca De Re Metallica, 728). Dictionary of Scientific Biography, XII, 185.

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Greatest 18th Century Work on Fossil Fish

[1796] [Volta, Giovanni S.] Ittiolitologia Veronese del Museo Bozziano ora annesso a quello del conte Giovambattista Gazola e di altri gabinetti di fossili Veronesi. Verona: Stamperia Giuliari, 1796. Elephant folio. 323pp + 76 plates (including 19 folding double-page or larger plates), with a total of 152 figures. Small stamp of Léon Vaillant on title-page. Contemporary paper over boards, small tear along bottom of the front joint. A little internal spotting, otherwise a fine, untrimmed and wide-margined copy, with plates in exceptional condition.

First edition of a fine work which rightfully earned the reputation as the greatest eighteenth-century work on fossil fish. This “splendidly illustrated monograph” (Zittell, p.132) is a record of fossils first discovered on Monte Bolca, near Verona, which were then [1796] in the private natural history museum of Count Gazola. However, when the French conquered Verona in 1797, Napoleon had the collection sent to the Paris Museum. In 1803, Count Gazola went to Paris and petitioned Napoleon to allow the fossils to return. Today most of this impressive collection is the centerpiece of the Municipal Museum of Natural History in Verona. The story of these famous fossils, and of Volta’s magnificent folio, is told in detail in Frigo and Sorbini, 600 fossili per Napoleone (Verona, 1997). Murray, II, p.237 (“75 plates”). Nissen ZBI, 4289. Ward & Carozzi, 2260 (describing a copy with only 11 plates). Léon Vaillant (1834-1914), a French zoologist who specialized in ichthyology, wrote the Poissons volume for many of the scientific expeditions of his day as well as Etudes sur les poissons (1883, with Firmin Bocourt).

Color Plates of Cornish Rocks

[1797] Rashleigh, Philip. Specimens of British Minerals. London: Bulmer, 1797-1802. 4to. Parts [Vol.] I and II bound together as usual. 56pp + 33 aquatint plates; 23, [1]p + 21 aquatint plates. Complete with all 54 colored plates, mostly hand- colored. Later half calf over marbled boards. Gift inscription from Rashleigh’s great nephew Jonathan (then owner of the collection) to his wife Jane, at Manabilly [the Rashleigh estate], Aug. 20, 1877. Bookseller’s label of Wheldon & Wesley on front paste-down. An exceptionally fine copy with original bright coloring.

First editions. Classic mineral book, based on Rashleigh’s own impressive collection. Many of the plates are by the landscape watercolorist T.R. Underwood, friend of the Romantic poets (Coleridge called him “Subligno”). “These volumes with their hand-colored engravings, stand with the works of James Sowerby as the finest English colored mineralogies produced in their day. Few collections can boast so many scientifically important specimens” (Robert W. Jones, “Philip Rashleigh and his Specimens of British Minerals,” in The Mineralogical Review, 26:4, pp. 77-84). Murray, II, p.120. Ward & Carozzi, 1833. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, pp.71-74, 221.

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[1798] Karsten, Dietrick Ludwig Gustav. A Description of the Minerals in the Leskean Museum. Translated by George Mitchell. Dublin: Mercier, 1798. 8vo. Two volumes bound as one. 369; 374-667 + errata leaf. Original cloth and boards; some creasing on backstrip, with paper title label. Noted in manuscript on cover: “Signet Library” with former library shelf label on inside front cover. A fine, untrimmed copy.

First edition in English; an earlier edition was published in Leipzig in 1789. “The Leske collection of minerals had belonged to Abraham Werner, and upon his death came into possession of N. C. Leske (1757-1786), professor of Leipzig and Marburg; it was purchased upon the recommendation of Richard Kirwan (1733-1812) with a grant from the Irish Parliament in 1792 and by members of the Dublin Society, who founded a natural history museum in the same year in which the collection was placed; the collection is now in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin” (Sinkankas 3325). Of the collection itself, Sinkankas stated “At the time, the Leske Collection of 7,331 specimens was one of the largest and most important in Europe. It occupied a unique position among such collections because of having been studied by [Richard] Kirwan and used as the basis for his landmark Elements of Mineralogy.” Volume I of this 1798 edition contains the “Characteristic and Systematic Collections”; Vol. II, “Geological, Geographical, and Economical Collections.” Murray, I, p.325. Sinkankas 3326, citing the Dublin ed. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.217 (erroneously citing “London”).

[1799] Townson, Robert. Tracts and Observations in Natural History and Philosophy. London: Printed for the Author, 1799. 8vo. ix, 232pp + seven plates, including folding frontispiece. Some browning on plates. Untrimmed and unopened copy in original cloth and boards, some chipping on spine, otherwise fine.

First edition. A miscellany of “tracts” by this Edinburgh scientist, starting with essays on the anatomy of various reptiles and amphibians (e.g., turtles), with some nicely detailed plates, then moving through a number of odd topics—“On the Cause of Objects appearing Single, though viewed with both Eyes,” “On the final cause of our Aversion to tread on soft Bodies”—and concluding with eight articles on mineralogy. BM Nat. History V, p.2130. Ward & Carozzi list Townson’s 1798 Philosophy of Mineralogy (2196). Not listed by Nissen even though six of the engraved plates are highly zoological.

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[1801] Reuss, J.D. Repertorium Commentationum a societatibus litterariis editarum. Gottingen: Dieterich, 1801-1821. Sixteen volumes in 12, 8vos, all bound in uniform half red morocco over cloth boards, decorative gilt-stamped spine, with small Athenaeum [Club of London] symbol stamped on the last spine panel. Small ink stamp “Sold by order/of the committee” on each inside blank flyleaf, the only other marking. Expected rubbing and wear on corners and joints, but a clean and tight set.

The rare original printing of a “classified subject index to the contents of learned society journals to the end of the 18th century” (Garrison-Morton, 6750, noting, “Vols. 10-16 deal with medicine and surgery”). “A complete and admirably digested catalogue of all the papers contained in the various scientific and literary journals, academical transactions, etc., both British and foreign” (Sabin 70154). The arrangement of this set is: I, General Natural History and Zoology; II, Botany and Mineralogy; III, Chemistry and Metallurgy; IV, Physics; V, Astronomy; VI, Agriculture; VII, Technology (e.g., hydrostatics, hydrology, civil engineering); VIII, History; IX, Philology (e.g., poetry, language, music); X-XVI, Medicine, including pharmacy and surgery. Each volume with its individual author index. This set was reprinted by Burt Franklin (NY) in 1961—and that reprint is now scarce. Brunet IV, 1255-56.

[1801] Marcellini, Silvestro. Trattato Compendioso Orittologico. Camerino: Torchi Goriani, 1801. 8vo. 278, [2]pp + one engraved plate of chemical signs. Small bookseller’s ticket [Il Polifilo, Milano] on front paste-down. Contemporary boards, rubbed. Name excised from bottom of the title-page, otherwise a fine copy.

First edition. A treatise on the nature of fossils and minerals and of their chemical composition, based upon specimens in Marcellini’s own “museo.” In fact, Marcellini tells us that this “Trattato,”is a “succinct narrative of the things that exist in the Museum.” In the Preface, Marcellini writes about the beginnings of his collection and how the collecting of mineral specimens encouraged him to approach the subject in a scientific manner. He first became interested in the subject in 1785 with the opening of a pyrite mine located in an area between the Giano and Sentino Rivers, near Fabriano (in the Marches). Here were discovered a wide variety of fossils and minerals. Although certainly concerned with mining, the Hoover Collection did not own a copy. Ward & Carozzi, 1496.

[1803] Camper, Pierre. Oeuvres de Pierre Camper, qui ont pour object l’histoire naturelle, la physiologie et l’anatomie comparée. Paris: Jansen, 1803. 8vo. Three volumes. [104], 391; 502 + errata; 501pp + errata. With the separate folio Atlas of 34 engraved plates. Contemporary dark blue calf over marbled boards—text and Atlas bindings match—some expected scuffing on spines. Old stain on the edge of the first seven leaves of the Atlas as well as some scattered foxing, otherwise very good.

First edition thus, with the text and plates mostly focused on Camper’s important work in comparative anatomy. Camper (1722-1789) was a Dutch anatomist and naturalist who held a number of academic posts in the Netherlands and Germany. While Camper’s works, “mainly memoirs and detached papers… are very numerous” the Encyclopedia Britannica (11th ed.) noted,

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“the most important of those bearing on comparative anatomy were published in three volumes in Paris in 1803.” Garrison-Morton called Camper “an artist of skill [who] made his mark as an anthropologist and craniologist” (77), and elsewhere called this Dutch scientist “one of the greatest anatomical artists” (3580). Volume 1 opens with a life of Camper and then presents his various writings on the anatomy of the orang-outang, the two-horned rhinoceros, deer antlers, and concludes with a section on the fossils discovered at St. Pierre Mountain (near Maestricht), with a corresponding plate in the Atlas. As Camper demonstrated throughout his research, comparative anatomy was crucial to the understanding and identification of vertebrate fossils. The other volumes have a corresponding number of unusual papers—all illustrated in the Atlas—such as an explicitly illustrated survey of the male elephant. All of the plates were engraved from Camper’s drawings. BM Nat. History I, p.305. Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, pp.37-38. Nissen ZBI, 796.

[1806] Linné, Carl von. A General System of Nature, through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals. London: Lackington, Allen, 1806. Seven volumes, 8vos. vii, 943 + errata; 717 + 2pp errata; 784; 727; 888; 891- 1851, [29]; 352, 42, vi, [16]pp. Engraved portraits + nine engraved plates. Bound in uniform three-quarter leather over contemporary marbled boards, recent uniform rebacking. Fine set.

Reprinted in part from the publisher’s 1802-04 issue (although some type reset) which was based on the 1788-93 edition of Linnaeus’s work. Volumes I-IV are devoted to the Animal Kingdom (V. I, mammals, birds, amphibians, fish; Vols. II-III, insects; Vol. IV; worms); the Vegetable Kingdom in two volumes (Vols. V, VI), and the Mineral Kingdom in one (Vol. VII) with a life of Linné and a dictionary. British Museum, Catalogue of the Works of Linnaeus, 138.

[1806] Smith, Reverend Thomas. The Naturalist’s Cabinet: Containing Interesting Sketches of Animal History; Illustrative of the Natures, Dispositions, Manners, and Habits of all the Most Remarkable Quadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, Amphibia, Reptiles, etc. in the Known World. London: James Cundee, 1806-1807. Six volumes, 8vos. With 60 engraved plates, including extra engraved titles. Small name plate of Anne Moens on Vol. 1. Contemporary polished tree calf with decorative gilt-stamped spines and volume and title spine labels, expected scuffing otherwise a fine, clean set.

First edition. Jahn states that the special genre of the “humble admirers of Natural History”—he includes Charles Leigh’s Natural History in this group— “culminated in the nineteenth century in such Plinyesque writings as Rev. Thomas Smith’s The Naturalist’s Cabinet” (The Lying Stones, p.181). The Rev. Smith informs the polite reader that the pages of this work “are unsullied by a single sentence which might excite a blush, or contaminate, even in the slightest degree, the purest and most delicate mind.” Most of the detailed illustrations show the subject in a natural setting (e.g., shark attacking a sailor), and some slightly fanciful views (e.g., man boxing a kangaroo; an orang-otang dining with a couple). BM Nat. History p.1208 (cataloging a set lacking two volumes). Nissen ZBI, 3882. Wood (p.571) catalogued the six-volume Paris edition of 1810.

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[1808] Parkinson, James. Organic Remains of a Former World. An Examination of the Mineralized Remains of the Vegetables and Animals of the Antediluvian world; generally termed Extraneous Fossils. Three volumes. London: Sherwood, Neely and Jones, 1808-1811. Three volumes, 4to. With three frontispieces and 51 colored plates of fossils. Contemporary full tree calf with decorative spines. Herbert McLean Evans bookplate on paste-down of Vol. I; armorial bookplate of Richard Howard on all three paste-downs. A mixed set: Vol. I, first published in 1804, is a second printing; Vol. II, 1808, and Vol. III, 1811, are both first printings. Contemporary full polished tree calf with green and black spine labels, gilt- stamped spines. Lower front joint of Vol I tender, otherwise a fine set.

First and second printings. One of the foundation works of scientific paleontology in Great Britain. In 1850 geologist Gideon A. Mantell commented that the publication of this work “must be regarded as a memorable event in the history of British Paleontology; it was the first attempt to give a familiar and scientific account of the fossil relics of animals and plants, accompanied by figures of the specimens described (A Pictorial Atlas of Fossil Remains, p.13). In this series, Parkinson reveals that he had read all of the major and minor works in the field. Volume I includes a “sketch of the history of the science” of oryctology in which he discusses the literature of the field—with his longest comments reserved for Beringer’s Lithographiae Wircebergensis. Throughout the three volumes, Parkinson refers to, and quotes from, the works of many authors. “The first volume, on plant fossils, contained Parkinson’s theory of the vegetable origin of bituminous products; the second and third volumes discussed the animal kingdom. In the third volume, Parkinson introduced the theories of William Smith, Lamarck, and Cuvier to the general British reading public, adopting Smith’s method of using fossils as stratigraphic markers, and drawing upon Lamarck’s knowledge of shells and Cuvier’s knowledge of the amphibia and land mammals” (Norman Library 1641). According to Zittel, Parkinson selected the epistolary style for presenting his work because it was “the most easy of comprehension, and the most likely to stimulate popular interest in fossils” (p.127). Parkinson is best remembered for first fully describing paralysis tremens, now known as “Parkinson’s disease.” Nissen ZBI, 3091. Purchased from Zeitlin & Ver Brugge.

[1809] Martin, William. Outlines of an attempt to establish a knowledge of extraneous fossils on scientific principles. Macclesfield: Wilson, 1809. 8vo. [4], xviii, x, [2], 250, [1] advt, [4]pp Addenda and Emendanda. Recent brown morocco and marbled boards, new end-papers; slight foxing otherwise a fine copy.

First edition of a work by this chiefly self-taught naturalist who was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1796. Ward & Carozzi, 1512.

[1812] Thomson, Thomas. History of the Royal Society, from its institutions to the end of the eighteenth century. London: R. Baldwin, 1812. 4to. viii, 552, [91] Appendix & Index, [1]p. Recent new leather spine and spine label over contemporary cloth boards, new end-papers.

First edition. History of the Society, arranged by subject—Natural History (including Mineralogy), Mathematics, Mechanical Philosophy, Chemistry, and “Miscellaneous Articles.” The lengthy Appendix includes the Society’s charter, list of members, and “Minutes of the Royal Society respecting Newton.”

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[1816] Kendall, Francis. A descriptive catalogue of the minerals and fossil organic remains of Scarborough and the vicinity, including the line of coast from Hornsea to Mulgrave, and extending into the interior as far as Malton. Scarborough: Coultas, 1816. 8vo. 316pp + errata + six plates (four hand-colored, one folding). With an extra engraved title-page with a hand-colored vignette. Armorial bookplate of R.M. Beverly on front paste-down; signatures of Frances E.B. Stephens (1834) on flyleaves. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, decorative spine. Very nice copy.

First edition. Excellent catalogue of fossils discovered within a specific geographic area. Arranged in five sections: minerals, fossil conchology, fossil zoophytes, fossil vegetable remains, and fossil bones. Includes a six-page list of subscribers. Listed neither by Sinkankas nor by Wilson in his “Bibliography of Collection Catalogues” (although it is apparent that this work is based on Kendall’s collection). Ward & Carozzi, 1250.

[1816] Thoresby, Ralph. Ducatus Leodiensis: Or, The topography of the ancient and populous towns and parish of Leedes, and parts adjacent, in the West-Riding of the county of York… extracted from records, original evidences, and manuscripts. Leeds: Printed by B. Dewhirst, 1816. Second edition, with notes and additions. Double folio. [6], xvii, xvii, 261 (i.e. 268), 123, 159 + plates.

WITH:

Whitaker, Thomas Durham. Loidis and Elmete; Or, An attempt to illustrate the districts described in those words by Bede… Leeds: Printed by T. Davidson, 1820. Double folio. [6], 404, 80 (i.e. 88). Elaborately bound in red morocco with heavy decorative gilt stamping on covers and spines.

Two volumes, compiling “what is commonly called the ‘History of Leeds’” (Boyle), complete with all plates (64 engraved plates), vignettes, etc. The Thoresby volume includes Musaeum Thoresbyanum: Or, A catalogue of the antiquities and of the natural and artificial rarities preserved in the repository of Ralph Thoresby, a new edition of this rare 1713 catalogue, with extensive notes and additions by Whitaker (separate title-page and pagination, 150pp, illus.) Murray, III, p.211. Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p.225, citing the 1713 edition.

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[1820] Buckland, Rev. William. Vindiciae Geologicae: the connexion of geology with religion, explained in an inaugural lecture delivered before University of Oxford, May 15, 1819, on the endowment of readership in geology. Oxford: University Press for the Author, 1820. 4to. [5], 38pp. Very light marginal damp stain on last two leaves. Untrimmed copy in recent plain wrappers, otherwise very good.

First edition. “This address created a sensation, dealing as it did most judiciously with the [fossil] discoveries which then excited some alarm” (DNB). The last four pages are an Appendix “containing a brief Summary of the proof, by geology of the Mosaic Deluge.” Noted as one of the last scientific defenses of the Great Flood. But, as Faul & Faul notes, although Buckland “was the last great diluvialist…, the label does not do him justice. He was an excellent field observer and a perspicacious interpreter of geological data with an unusually broad grasp of geological relationships” (Faul & Faul p.120). Ward & Carozzi, 367.

[1822] Buckland, Reverend William. Account of an assemblage of fossil teeth and bones of elephant, hippopotamus, bear, tiger, and hyaena, and sixteen other animals: discovered in a case at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, in the year 1821: with a comparative view of five similar caverns in various parts of England and others on the continent. London: Nicol, 1822. 4to. 68pp + 12 lithographed plates (numbered XV-XXVI). Contemporary full polished calf with recent rebacking; a very good copy.

First separate printing of Buckland’s illustrated paper—first printed in the Philosophical Transactions—on the discovery of a large cache of bones discovered in a Yorkshire cave. The engraved plates include a map of the region, a plate with a diagram of the cavern as well as an illustration of the entrance, nine fine engraved plates of teeth and bones, and an illustrated cut-away view of the cave’s various chambers (keyed to the text) with ten visitors (including one woman) poking about.

[1822] Parkinson, James. Outlines of Oryctology. An introduction to the study of fossil organic remains; especially of those found in the British strata: intended to aid the student in his inquiries respecting the nature of fossils, and their connections with the formation of the earth. London: Printed for the Author, 1822. vii, [1] errata, 346, [3] + [1]p advt + 10 plates. Armorial bookplate of Francis Lunn on front paste-down, with a neatly penned “Contents” on the facing leaf. Untrimmed copy in contemporary half calf and marbled boards. Very nice copy.

First edition. Excellent one-volume handbook following up on Parkinson’s longer, multi-year production. As Parkinson notes, most of the fossil remains discovered are “of bivalves or univalves,” not as were later encountered, of mammals and large reptiles. Parkinson tried to straddle the Biblical interpretation of the earth’s development with the geological one. When the student of fossils realizes that vast changes had occurred on the planet, Parkinson thought, he may find certain theological constraints a challenge. “Circumstances will be observed,” Parkinson admits, “apparently contradictory to the Mosaic account, but which, it is presumed, serve to establish it [e.g., fossils] as the revealed history of creation.” Parkinson had not adopted Mr. Edward’s prosaic “fossilogy,” but adhered to the more accepted word then in use for the study of fossils—Oryctology. Ward & Carozzi, 1736.

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[1823] Brongniart, Alexandre. Mémoire sur les terrains de sédiment superieurs calcaréo- trappéen du Vicentin… Paris: Levrault, 1823. 4to. [4], iv, [2], 86pp + six lithographed plates. Signature excised from the front flyleaf. Contemporary cloth and marbled boards. Fine copy.

First edition. Brongniart was an eminent French mineralogist (1770-1847) who wrote a number of books, including ones (as here) on fossil shells, but he is best remembered for his association with Georges Cuvier and their mutual work on stratigraphy [see 1835]. Five of the handsome plates depict a variety of shells. Ward & Carozzi, 336, calling attention to the book’s “bibliographical footnotes.”

[1823] Buckland, Reverend William. Reliquiae Diluvianae: Or, Observations on the Organic Remains Contained in Caves, Fissures and Diluvial Gravel, and on other Geological Phenomena, Attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge. London: John Murray, 1823. 4to. vii, [1], 303pp + one folding table + 27 plates (including one folding map, one folding color plate, and two colored maps). Recent period leather rebacking with original silk-covered boards.

First edition thus. Vastly expanded from his 1822 paper printed in the Philosophical Transactions [see 1822], this is Buckland’s famous treatise that sought to prove that the recently-discovered remains of rhinoceros, mammoth, stag, bison and other animals were direct evidence of the Deluge. “Dr. Buckland was henceforward the acknowledged authority on bone caves and their contents, and to his disbelief in all contemporaneous existence of man with the cave animals may be traced much of the incredulity with which all evidence of early man in Britain was received for more than a generation” (Dr. A.C. Haddon). Nissen ZBI, 652. Ward & Carozzi, 369 (reproducing the title-page on p.133). Plates 1-13 are engraved plates (and 1-11 are identical with the plates in Buckland’s 1822 work); plates 14-25 are lithographs, and the hand- colored maps are steel engravings. The folding table shows “the principal Localities of the Antediluvian Animals mentioned in this Work.”

[1823] Deleuze, J.P.F. Histoire et description du Muséum royal d’histoire naturelle. Paris: Royer, 1823. 8vo. vi, 720pp + three folding plates + 14 engraved plates. Contemporary polished tree calf with decorative gilt- stamping on covers and spine; leather spine label; marbled edges. Some scattered foxing otherwise very good.

First edition. Descriptive catalogue of various collections of the French Royal Museum of Natural History, with three plates depicting the layout of the grounds and other plates of Museum’s various buildings. The Museum was first established in 1635 as part of the Jardin du Roi by Louis XIII. It functioned as the King’s “Cabinet of natural curiosities.” “By a decree of the revolutionary National Convention in 1793, the Jardin du Roi became the Jardin des Plantes, and the Cabinet du Roi… became the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle” (Faul & Faul p.137).

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[1824] Buckland, Reverend William. Reliquiae Diluvianae: Or, Observations on the Organic Remains Contained in Caves, Fissures and Diluvial Gravel, and on other Geological Phenomena, Attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge. London: Murray, 1824. 4to. vii, [1], 303pp + one folding table + 27 lithographed plates (including one folding color plate and two colored maps) + folding table. Red-leather gilt- stamped armorial bookplates of York solicitor and book collector Edward Hailstone on the front paste-down and armorial bookplate of Francis Gray Smart on the facing end-paper. Contemporary full diced calf with decorative spine (gilt- and blind-stamped) with leather spine label. A fine copy.

Second edition—just a few typographic errors corrected, otherwise identical text and plates (although the “Explanation of the Plates” text is bound interleaved between the plates) and the folding table is placed at the end of the book. Ward & Carozzi, 370.

A Paleobotanical Classic

[1825] Artis, Edmund Tyrell. Antedilivian Phytology, Illustrated by a Collection of Fossil Remains on Plants, Peculiar to the Coal Formations of Great Britain… London: Printed for the Author, 1825. 4to. xiii, 24pp + 24 lithographed plates (one folding), each plate accompanied by one page (leaf) of letterpress. Armorial bookplate of Holland House on the front paste-down. Original boards, spine chipped, front joint starting, paper spine label very rubbed. Slight foxing on edge of some plates, otherwise a fine copy.

First edition. “The earliest English work devoted exclusively to fossil plants” (L.F. Ward, Geographical Distribution of Fossil Plants). The exquisitely engraved fossil plants depicted here were “selected for their novelty and interest, from upwards of a thousand specimens now in the possession of the author, and systematically described, with the view of facilitating the study of this important branch” (from the sub-title added to the 1838 edition). Nissen ZBI, 51.

[1835] Cuvier, Georges and Alexandre Brongniart. Description Géologique des Environs de Paris. Paris: d’Ocagne, 1835. 8vo. 685pp + separate 4to Atlas of 18 plates (some folding, including two maps). Small name stamp, “Alphonse Jeannet/Neuchâtel” on front paste-down; another signature excised. Untrimmed copy in the publisher’s original printed boards (matching set); expected shelf rubbing otherwise fine.

Third edition. Scarce edition in the original printed boards (uncommon thus in the trade), of this important paleontological text. Geikie stated that Cuvier and Brongniart “established on a basis of accurate observation the principles of paleontological stratigraphy, demonstrated the use of fossils for the determination of geological chronology, and paved the way for the enormous advance which have since been made in this department of science.” For their “distinguished labors” in writing this book, the pair “deserve an honored place among the founders of geology” (The Founders of Geology, p.372). Ward & Carozzi, 565, citing only the 1822 (2nd) ed. For the Swiss geologist Aphonse Jeannet (1883-1962), see Georges Dubois, Naturalistes Neuchâtelois du XXe siècle (1976) pp.106-7.

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[1838] Artis, Edmund Tyrell. Antediluvian Phytology, Illustrated by a Collection of Fossil Remains on Plants, Peculiar to the Coal Formations of Great Britain… London: Printed for the Author, by J. Nichols and Son, 1838. 4to. xiii, 24pp + 25 plates (one folding; two different Plate IIIs). Original patterned cloth; a very good, untrimmed copy.

Second edition [printing]. With the exception of a new title-page and an additional Plate III, all the text and plates are identical with the first 1825 printing. Mantell, citing this edition but not the first of 1825, declared “the plates are well executed, and faithfully portray the original specimens.” Ward & Carozzi, 79 (citing only this ed.)

[1848] Agassiz, Louis. Bibliographia Zoologiae et Geologiae. London: The Ray Society, 1848-1854. Four volumes. 8vos. xxiii, 506; 492; 657; 604, 3, 18pp. Original blue cloth, spines slight sunned and with light expected shelf wear. Largely an unopened set.

First edition. “A classic alphabetically arranged author catalogue which may be regarded as the forerunner of the Catalogue of Scientific Papers published by the Royal Society. It should find a place in every reference library on natural history” (Wood, p.182).

[1850] Mantell, Gideon Algernon. A Pictorial Atlas of Fossil Remains, consisting of coloured illustrations selected from Parkinson’s “Organic remains of a former world” and Artis’s “Antediluvian phytology.” London: Bohn, 1850. 4to. 207pp + colored frontispiece + 74 colored plates (some folding). Gift inscription on free front end-paper from 1851. Bright copy in publisher’s original cloth, repair made to rear hinge, otherwise fine.

First edition. Fine collection of plates assembled from two important British books [both present in the Jahn collection] by the eminent British geologist and paleontologist. “Best known for his discovery of the first dinosaur ever to be described properly—a momentous event” (DSB), Mantell (1790-1852) was the second recipient of the Geological Society of London’s Wollaston Medal. This Atlas, dedicated to the Rev. William Buckland, is divided into two sections: Fossil flora (Plates 1-33) and fossil fauna (Plates 34-74). Each plate is accompanied by a page of descriptive text. In this work, Mantell was assisted by John Morris, author of A Catalogue of British Fossils. Mantell trusted that this volume will “not only prove interesting to the general reader, as a beautiful Pictorial Atlas of some of the most remarkable relics of the animals and plants of a ‘Former World,’ but also constitute a valuable book of reference in the library of the Geologist and Paleontologist, since it contains the names and localities of no inconsiderable number of species and genera.” Dictionary of Scientific Biography IX, pp.86-88. Nissen ZBI, 2683. Ward & Carozzi, p.1490.

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Jahn Collection Author Index [with values]

Note: Publication dates are in bold, with catalogue entries arranged chronologically. Approximate individual values are noted in brackets.

Agassiz, Louis. Bibliographia Zoologiae et Geologiae. 1848-1854. [500]

Agricola, Giorgius. De la generatione de le cose, 1550. [5000]

Aldrovandi, Ulisse. Opera Omnia 1599-1667. [85,000]

Artis, Edmund Tyrell. Antedilivian Phytology, 1825. [500]

Artis, Edmund Tyrell. Antediluvian Phytology, 1838. [650]

Baier, Johann. Oryktographia Norica, 1708. [3500]

Barba, Alvaro Alonso et al. A Collection of Scarce and Valuable Treatises…, 1739. [1500]

Bartholin, Thomas. De Unicornu Observationes Novae, 1678. [2000]

Bauhin, Johann. Historia novi et admirabilis fontis, 1598. [9000]

Behrens, Georg Henning. The natural history of Hartz-Forest, 1730. [850]

Bél, Martin. Hungariae Antiquae et Novae Prodromus, 1723. [2000]

Beringer, Johann Bartholomew Adam. Lithographiae Wirceburgenis, 1726. [10,500]

Beringer, Johann Bartholomew Adam. Lithographiae Wirceburgenis, 1767. [5500]

Bertrand, E. Dictionnaire universel des fossiles propres et des fossiles accidentels., 1763. [500]

Boccone, Paulis. Recherches et Observations naturelles, 1674. [2000]

Boehmer, George Rudolph. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Historiae Naturalis, 1785-1789. [2000]

Boodt, Anselmus de. Gemmarum et lapidum historia, 1609. [9000]

Boodt, Anselmus de. Gemmarum et lapidum historia, 1636. [2250]

Boodt, Anselmus de. Gemmarum et lapidum historia, 1647. [4000]

Born, Ignaz Edler von. Index rerum naturalium Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis, 1778. [2500]

Bourguet, Louis. Traité des Petrifications, 1742. [2500]

Breyn, Johann Philipp. Epistola de Melonibus Petrefactis Montis Carmel, 1722. [1000]

Brongniart, Alexandre. Mémoire sur les terrains de sédiment superieurs calcaréo-trappéen du Vicentin, 1823. [500]

Buckland, Reverend William. Vindiciae Geologicae. 1820. [1000]

Buckland, Reverend William. Account of an assemblage of fossil teeth… 1822. [500]

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Buckland, Reverend William. Reliquiae Diluvianae, 1823. [750]

Buckland, Reverend William. Reliquiae Diluvianae, 1824. [750]

Buonanni, Filippo et al. Rerum Naturalium Historia… in Museo Kircheriano, 1773-82. [8500]

Burnet, Thomas. The Theory of the Earth, 1691. [2000]

Burnet, Thomas. The Theory of the Earth… The Last Two Books, 1690. [see above]

Burnet, Thomas. A Review of the Theory of the Earth, and of its Proofs, 1690. [see above]

Burnet, Thomas. An Answer to the Late Exceptions made by Mr. Erasmus Warrenn, 1690. [???]

Burnet, Thomas. Archaeologiae Philosophicae, 1692. [see above]

Burtin, Francois-Xavier de. Oryctographie de Bruxelles, 1784. [5500]

Büttner, Daniel S. Rudera Diluvii Testes, 1710. [3000]

Camper, Pierre. Oeuvres de Pierre Camper, 1803. [2000]

Celius, George Henry. Cataclysmus Thuringiacus, 1690. [200]

Ciampini, Giovanni. De Incombustibili Lino, 1691. [See Baier]

Croll, Oswald, La Royalle Chymie, 1624. [2000]

Cuvier, Georges. Description Géologique des Environs de Paris, 1835. [2000]

De Laet, Johann. De Gemmis et Lapidibus Libri Duo, 1647. [see Boodt, 1647]

Deleuze, J.P.F. Histoire et description du Muséum royal d’histoire naturelle, 1823. [450]

Derham, W. Physico-Theology, 1727. [350]

Dezallier d’Argenville, A.-J. L’Historie Naturelle Éclaircie, 1755. [2000]

Dodwell, Henry. De Parma Equestri Woodwardiana Dissertatio, 1713. [1250]

Edwards, George. Elements of Fossilogy, 1776. [1000]

Einckel, Casper F. Museographia, 1727. [3000]

Ellis, John. An essay towards a natural history of the corallines, 1755. [3000]

Ellis, John. Essai sur l’histoire naturelle des corallines, 1756. [750]

Ehrhart, Balthasar. De Belemnitis Suevicis, 1724. [450]

della Fratta et Montalbano, M. Dell’Acque Minerali del Regno D’Vngheria, 1687. [see Baier]

Geier, Johann Daniel. Schediasma, de Montibus Conchiferis, 1687. [750]

Geissler, Elias. Disputatio Historico-Physica de Amphibiis, 1676. [350]

Geoffroy, Etienne-Francois. A treatise on the fossil… 1736. [1000]

Gersaint, Edmé François. Catalogue raisonné d’une collection en touts genres de Mr. Bonnier de la Mosson, 1744. [1750]

Gimma, D. Giacinto. Della Storia Naturale delle Gemme, 1730. [2000]

91 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

Grew, Nehemiah. Musaeum Regalis Societatis, 1681. [1500]

Gualtieri, Niccolo. Index Testarum Conchyliorum, 1742. [15,000]

Hartmann, Philipp Jacob. Succincta Succini Prussica historia et demonstratio, 1699. [350]

Hebenstreit, Johann Ernst. Museum Richterianum, 1743. [55,000]

Helwing, Georg Andreas. Lithographia Angerburgica, 1717. [1250]

Henckel, Johann F. Idea Generalis de Lapidum Origine, 1734. [950]

Heusinger, Johann Michael. Dissertatio de noctiluca mercuriali, 1716. [see Baier]

Hill, John. A Review of the Works of the Royal Society of London, 1751. [500]

Hill, John. Theophrastus’s History of Stones, 1774. [1500]

Jacobaeus, Oliger. Muséum Regium, 1696. [3000]

Jonston, Johann. Thaumatographia Naturalis, 1632. [2500]

Jonston, Johann. Thaumatographia Naturalis, 1633. [1250]

Karsten, Dietrick L. A Description of the Minerals in the Leskean Museum, 1798. [2500]

Kendall, Francis. A descriptive catalogue of the minerals and fossil organic remains of Scarborough and the vicinity, 1816. [1250]

Kirwan, Richard. Elements of Mineralogy, 1784. [1250]

Klein, Jacob Theodor. Mantissa ichtyologica, 1746. [See Scheuchzer, Piscium]

Klein Jacob Theodor. Tentamen Methodi Ostracologicae, 1753. [1250]

Klinchamerus, Christian. De Natura Mineralium Exercitationes quinque, 1662. [see Geier]

Kundmann, Johann Christian. Promptuarium rerum naturalium et artificialium Vratislaviense praecipue, 1726. [1250]

Lachmund, Friderich. Oryctographia Hildesheimensis, 1669. [2000]

Lange, Carl Nicolaus. Historia Lapidum Figuratorum Helvetiae, 1708. [5000]

Lange, Carl Nicolaus. Appendix ad Historiam Lapidum figuratorum, 1708. [see above]

Lange, Carl Nicolaus. Methodus Nova et Facilis Testacea Marina Pleraque, 1722. [see above]

Lange, Carl Nicolaus. Tractatus de Origine Lapidum Figuratorum, 1709. [see above]

Legati, Lorenzo. Museo Cospiano annesso a quello del famoso Ulisse Aldrovandi, 1677. [5000]

Leigh, Charles. The Natural History of Lancashire, 1700. [1500]

Leonardi, Camillo. The Mirror of Stones, 1750. [1750]

Lesser, Friedrich Christian. Lithotheologie, 1735. [2500]

Leupold, Jacob. Prodromus bibliothecae Metallicae, 1732. [2000]

Lhwyd, Edward. Archaeologia Britannica, 1707. [2000]

Lhwyd, Edward. Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia, 1699. [9500]

92 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

Lhwyd, Edward. Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia, 1760. [1500]

Liebknecht, Johann Georg. Hassiae subterraneae specimen, 1730. [1500]

Linck, Johann Heinrich. De Stellis Marinis liber singularis, 1733. [4000]

Linné, Carl von. A General System of Nature, 1806. [650]

Linné, Carl von. Museum S:ae R:ae M:tis Ludovicae Ulricae reginae Suecorum, 1764. [1500]

Lister, Martin. Conchyliorum bivalvium…, 1696. [9500]

Lister, Martin. Historiae Animalium Angliae, tres tractatus, 1678. [3000]

Lister, Martin. Historiae sive Synopsis methodicae conchyliorum, 1770. [12,500]

Lochner, Michael F. Rariora Musei Besleriani, 1716. [4000]

Lucanus, Johann Gottfried. Dissertationem Physico-Theologica, 1750. [450]

Ludwig, Christian Gottleib. Terrae Musei Regii Dresdensis, 1749. [4500]

Luther, Johann George. Historiae Naturalis Fossilium Caput de Terris, 1745. [450]

Major, Johann Daniel. Dissertatio epistolica de Cancris et Serpentibus Petrefactis, 1664. [750]

Mantell, Gideon Algernon. A Pictorial Atlas of Fossil Remains, 1850. [1000]

Marcellini, Silvestro. Trattato Compendioso Orittologico, 1801. [500]

Marsigli, Luigi. Histoire Physique de la Mer, 1725. [7000]

Martin, William. Outlines of an attempt to establish a knowledge of extraneous fossils on scientific principles, 1809. [750]

Mendes da Costa, Emanuel. A Natural History of Fossilss 1759. [1000]

Mercati, Michele. Metallotheca, 1717. [12,500]

Mercati, Michele. Metallotheca, 1719. [12,000]

Monti, Giuseppe. De monumento diluviano, 1719. [1500]

Morton, John. The Natural History of Northampton-shire, 1712. [2500]

Moscardo, Ludovico. Note overo Memorie del museo de Ludovico Moscardo, 1656. [6000]

Mylius, Gottlieb Friedrich. Memorabilium Saxonie Subterranea, 1709-1718. [3500]

Nieremberg, Juan Eusebio. Historia Naturae Maxime Peregrinae, 1635. [6000]

Parkinson, James. Organic Remains of a Former World, 1808-1811. [2000]

Parkinson, James. Outlines of Oryctology, 1822. [650]

Perrault, Claude. The Natural History of Animals, 1702. [1250]

Pignoria, Lorenzo. Vetustissimae Tabulae Aeneae Sacris Aegyptiorum, 1605. [1650]

Pliny, the Elder. The historie of the world, 1634-35. [1500]

Pliny, the Elder. Historiae naturalis, 1778. [350]

93 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

Plot, Robert. The Natural History of Oxfordshire, 1677. [2000]

Plot, Robert. The Natural History of Oxfordshire, 1677, variant issue. [1000]

Quirini, Giovanni. De Testaceis Fossilibus Musaei Septalliani, 1676. [650]

Rashleigh, Philip. Specimens of British Minerals. 1797-1802. [8500]

Ray, John. Historia Insectorum, 1710. [1500]

Ray, John. Methodus Plantarum Emendata et Aucta, 1703. [850]

Ray, John. Miscellaneous discourses, 1692. [1000]

Ray, John. Observations Topographical, Moral, & Physiological, 1673. [1750]

Ray, John. Philosophical Letters, 1718. [600]

Ray, John. Synoposis methodica avium et piscium, 1713. [750]

Ray, John. The wisdom of God manifested in the works of the creation, 1709. [350]

Ray, John. Three Physico-Theological Discourses, 1693. [1000]

Ray, John. Three Physico-Theological Discourses, 1721. [150]

Redi, Francesco. Experimenta circa res diversas naturales., 1675. [750]

Reuss, August Christian von. Dissertatio Physica de Terrae Motuum Caussis, 1773. [350]

Reuss, J.D. Repertorium Commentationum, 1801-1821. [2500]

Ritter, Albrecht. Epistoica Historico-Physica Oryctographica Goslariensis, 1738. [750]

Ritter, Albrecht. Specimen II. Oryctographie Calenbergicae, 1743. [see above]

Royal Society of Paris. The Philosophical History and Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, 1742. [2500]

Rumpf, Georg Eberhard. D’Amboinische Rariteitkammer, 1705. [5000]

Rumpf, Georg Eberhard. Thesaurus Imaginum Piscium Testaceorum, 1739. [3500]

Sachs, Philip Jacob. Gammarologia, sive Gammororum, 1665. [3000]

Scaliger, Julius Caesar. Exotericarum Exercitationum Liber XV, 1612. [650]

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Geestelyke Natuurkunde, 1728-1738. [8500]

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Herbarium Diluvianum, 1709. [3500]

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Herbarium Diluvianum, 1723. [1750]

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Homo Diluvii Testis., 1726. [3000]

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Museum Diluvianum, 1716. [2500]

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Ouresiphoites Helviticus, 1708. [3500]

Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob. Piscium Querelae et Vindiciae Expositae, 1708. [4000]

Schmidel, Casimir Christoph. Descriptio itineris per Helvetiam Galliam, 1794. [750]

94 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

Schreber, Johann C.D. Lithographia Halensis, 1758. [650]

Schuette, Johann Heinrich. Oryctographia Jenensis, 1761. [350]

Schultz, Ernst Christolph. Bemerkungern über einen monstreusen canarien-vogel, 1780. [9500]

Schultz, Ernst Christolph. Beschreibung eines besondern Welt-Auges, 1779. [see above]

Schultz, Ernst Christolph. Entdeckung einer dem Kreuz-Steine westentlichen Entstehungs-Art der Kreuz-Figur… 1780. [see above]

Schultz, Ernst Christolph. Vom Regenbogen-Achat, 1777. [see above]

Schwenkfeld, Caspar. Stirpium et Fossilum Silesiae Catalogus, 1601. [2000]

Scilla, Agostino. De Corporibus Marinis Lapidescentibus, 1752. [1500]

Scilla, Agostino. De Corporibus Marinis Lapidescentibus, 1759. [450]

Sendel, Nathaniel. Historia succinorum corpora aliena… 1742. [4500]

Séguier, Johanne-Francisco. Bibliotheca Botanica, 1740. [1000]

Sherley, Thomas. A Philosophical Essay, Declaring the Probable Causes, when Stones are Produced in the Great World, 1672. [750]

Sibbald, Robert. Scotia Illustrata, 1684. [2000]

Smith, Reverend Thomas. The Naturalist’s Cabinet, 1806. [350]

Soldani, Ambrogio. Saggio Orittografico, 1780. [750]

Sprat, Thomas. The History of the Royal-Society of London, 1667. [1250]

Sprat, Thomas. The History of the Royal-Society of London, 1722. [500]

Stobaeus, Kilan. Opera in quibus petrefactorum, 1753. [850]

Tentzel, Wilhelm Ernest. Epistola de Sceleto Elephantino Tonnae, 1696. [650]

Terzago, Paolo Maria. Musaeum Septalianum, 1664. [3000]

Thomson, Thomas. History of the Royal Society, 1812. [250]

Thoresby, Ralph. Ducatus Leodiensis, 1816. [1500]

Topsell, Edward. The Histoire of Foure-Footed Beastes, 1607. [2250]

Topsell, Edward. The Histoire of Serpents, 1608. [see above]

Townson, Robert. Tracts and Observations in Natural History, 1799. [1000]

Volkmann, Georg Anton. Silesia Subterranea, 1720. [2500]

Volta, Giovanni S. Ittiolitologia Veronese del Museo Bozziano, 1796. [10,000]

Warren, Erasmus. Geologia: or, a Discourse Concerning the Earth… 1690. [1000]

Welsch, Georg Hieronymus. Dissertatio Medico-Philosophica de Aegagropilis, 1668. [3500]

Welsch, Georg H. Hecatosteae II. Observationum Physiomedicarum, 1675. [see above]

Whitaker, Thomas Durham. Loidis and Elmete, 1820. [see Thoresby]

95 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

White, Gilbert. The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, 1789. [2750]

Whitehurst, John. An inquiry into the original state and formation of the earth, 1778. [1250]

Whitehurst, John. An inquiry into the original state and formation of the earth, 1786. [500]

Willughby, Francis. De Historia Piscium Libri Quatuor, 1686. [10,000]

Wolfart, Petrius. Historiae Naturalis Hassiae Inferioris, 1719. [3000]

Woodward, John. An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth, 1695. [1500]

Woodward, John. An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth, 1723. [1000]

Woodward, John. Geografia Fisica, 1739. [1500]

Woodward, John. Geographie Physique, 1735. [500]

Woodward, John. Natural History of the Fossils of England, 1729. [2500]

Woodward, John. Specimen Geographiae Physicae, 1704. [3000]

Woodward, John. The Natural History of the Earth, 1726. [1000]

Worm, Ole. Museum Wormianum, 1655. [4500]

Worm, Ole. Museum Wormianum, 1655. Cuvier copy. [11,000]

Zahn, Johann. Specula Physico-Mathematico-Historica, 1696. [5000]

96 The Jahn Collection of Early Geoscience

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97 SCHOYER’S BOOKS and SERENDIPITY BOOKS, ABAA/ILAB

Jahn, Melvin and Daniel J. Woolf. The Lying Stones of Dr. Beringer. Berkeley: Univ. of California, 1963.

Keynes, Geoffrey. Dr. Martin Lister, A bibliography. St. Paul’s Bibliographies, 1981.

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Nissen, Claus. Die Botanische Buchillustration. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1966.

Nissen, Claus. Die Zoologische Buchillustration. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1969-78.

Norman, Jeremy and Diana H. Hook. The Haskell F. Norman Library of Science and Medicine. San Francisco. 1991. Two vols.

Sinkankas, John. Gemology: An Annotated Bibliography. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1993. Two vols.

Society for the History of Technology. Museum of Science and Technology. Reprinted from Technology and Culture, Winter, 1965. Univ. of Chicago, 1965.

Sotheby’s, The Magnificent Scientific Library of Joseph A. Freilich, New York, Jan. 10-11, 2001.

Ward, Dederick C. and Albert V. Carozzi. Geology Emerging: A Catalog Illustrating the History of Geology (1500-1850) from a Collection in the Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, 1984.

Wilson, Wendell C. The History of Mineral Collecting, 1530-1799. Tucson: The Mineralogical Record, 1994.

Wilson, Wendell W., ed. Mineral Books: Five Centuries of Mineralogical Literature. Tucson: The Mineralogical Record, 1995.

Wood, Casey, ed. An Introduction to the Literature of Vertebrate Zoology. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1931.

Zittel, Karl Alfred von. History of geology and paleontology to the end of the nineteenth century. London & NY, 1901.

98