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Unravelling the Positional Behaviour of Fossil Hominoids: Morphofunctional and Structural Analysis of the Primate Hindlimb
ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Doctorado en Biodiversitat Facultad de Ciènces Tesis doctoral Unravelling the positional behaviour of fossil hominoids: Morphofunctional and structural analysis of the primate hindlimb Marta Pina Miguel 2016 Memoria presentada por Marta Pina Miguel para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, programa de doctorado en Biodiversitat del Departamento de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia (Facultad de Ciències). Este trabajo ha sido dirigido por el Dr. Salvador Moyà Solà (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont) y el Dr. Sergio Almécija Martínez (The George Washington Univertisy). Director Co-director Dr. Salvador Moyà Solà Dr. Sergio Almécija Martínez A mis padres y hermana. Y a todas aquelas personas que un día decidieron perseguir un sueño Contents Acknowledgments [in Spanish] 13 Abstract 19 Resumen 21 Section I. Introduction 23 Hominoid positional behaviour The great apes of the Vallès-Penedès Basin: State-of-the-art Section II. Objectives 55 Section III. Material and Methods 59 Hindlimb fossil remains of the Vallès-Penedès hominoids Comparative sample Area of study: The Vallès-Penedès Basin Methodology: Generalities and principles Section IV. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-45600-5 — Assembly of the Executive Mind Michael W
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-45600-5 — Assembly of the Executive Mind Michael W. Hoffmann Index More Information Index abaragnosis, 35 Alvarez bolide impact theory, anosognosia, 196, 198–199 abstract art 21 Antarctic ice sheet response to, 207–208 Alzheimer’s disease, 10, 70, periods of expansion, 36 abstract thought, 58 71, 82, 102, 126, 128, 146, Antarctica, 19, 30, 32 abulia, 54, 91 154, 201, 209, 214 anterior cingulate circuit, 54 Acanthostega, 18 acetylcholine deficit, 78 anthropoids, 36 acetylcholine, 53, 78, 146, 147 amyloid hypothesis, 140 definition, 36 effects of depletion, 146 amyloid-β accumulation antisocial personality disorder, functions and evolutionary and sleep disturbance, 56 role, 79 157 anxiety action observation treatment, default mode network evolution of the mammalian 182 (DMN) and, 127 fear module, 22–23 Adapidae, 29 music therapy, 175 anxiety disorders, 56 addictions, 192 network dysfunction and, apathy, 54, 91 addictive behavior 62 ape–monkey divergence, 36 dopamine and the reward vascular dysregulation aphasia, 70, 97, 98, 201 pathway, 197–198 hypothesis, 140 Apollo 11 cave, Namibia, 110 Aegyptopithecus, 36, 37 amantadine, 10, 198 apotemnophilia, 199 Afar basin, 60 for severe TBI, 182–183 apraxia, 28, 98 Africa American football aqua–arboreal phase, 195 early primate species, 36–38 repetitive brain injury and aqua–arboreal theory of Miocene fossils, 36–37 CTE, 131–132 bipedalism, 39–40 African Middle Stone Age amino acids, 15, 16 dietary and nutritional (AMSA), 110 amoebae factors, 44–45 African Rift -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum vitae PERSONAL INFORMATION Thomas Alfred Püschel Oxford (United Kingdom) (+44) 7476608464 [email protected] EDUCATION AND TRAINING Jan 2014–Jan 2018 Ph.D. in Adaptive Organismal Biology The University of Manchester, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (United Kingdom) Dissertation: "Morpho-functional analyses of the primate skeleton: Applying 3D geometric morphometrics, finite element analysis and phylogenetic comparative methods to assess ecomorphological questions in extant and extinct anthropoids." Supervisor: Prof. William Sellers Co-supervisor: Prof. Christian Peter Klingenberg Sep 2012–Aug 2013 M.Sc. in Human Evolution with Distinction The Univerity of York, Hull York Medical School (United Kingdom) Dissertation: "Biomechanical modelling of human femora: A comparison between agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers using finite element analysis, geometric morphometrics and beam theory." Supervisor: Prof. Paul O’Higgins 2007–2011 B.Sc. in Anthropology, Major in Physical Anthropology with Distinction Universidad de Chile, Santiago (Chile) Dissertation: "Deformación intencional del cráneo en los oasis de San Pedro de Atacama: un enfoque morfométrico geométrico." Supervisor: Prof. Germán Manríquez WORK EXPERIENCE 1 Nov 2018–Present Postdoctoral Research Fellow - Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford (United Kingdom) Postdoctoral fellowship awarded to undertake the project: 'This study has teeth: exploring human origins and Climate Change through time". 3D data collection and application of machine-learning regression techniques to generate ecometric models for East Africa using mammalian teeth. Apr 2018–Oct 2018 Postdoctoral Research Associate School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom) NERC project 'The co-evolution of human hands and tool using behaviour' led by Prof. -
Fossil Primates
AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education Page 1 of 16 www.accessscience.com Fossil primates Contributed by: Eric Delson Publication year: 2014 Extinct members of the order of mammals to which humans belong. All current classifications divide the living primates into two major groups (suborders): the Strepsirhini or “lower” primates (lemurs, lorises, and bushbabies) and the Haplorhini or “higher” primates [tarsiers and anthropoids (New and Old World monkeys, greater and lesser apes, and humans)]. Some fossil groups (omomyiforms and adapiforms) can be placed with or near these two extant groupings; however, there is contention whether the Plesiadapiformes represent the earliest relatives of primates and are best placed within the order (as here) or outside it. See also: FOSSIL; MAMMALIA; PHYLOGENY; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PRIMATES. Vast evidence suggests that the order Primates is a monophyletic group, that is, the primates have a common genetic origin. Although several peculiarities of the primate bauplan (body plan) appear to be inherited from an inferred common ancestor, it seems that the order as a whole is characterized by showing a variety of parallel adaptations in different groups to a predominantly arboreal lifestyle, including anatomical and behavioral complexes related to improved grasping and manipulative capacities, a variety of locomotor styles, and enlargement of the higher centers of the brain. Among the extant primates, the lower primates more closely resemble forms that evolved relatively early in the history of the order, whereas the higher primates represent a group that evolved more recently (Fig. 1). A classification of the primates, as accepted here, appears above. Early primates The earliest primates are placed in their own semiorder, Plesiadapiformes (as contrasted with the semiorder Euprimates for all living forms), because they have no direct evolutionary links with, and bear few adaptive resemblances to, any group of living primates. -
Molecular Systematics of the Old World Monkey Tribe Papionini
Eugene E. Harris* Molecular systematics of the Old World Department of Anthropology, monkey tribe Papionini: analysis of the 25 Waverly Place, New York total available genetic sequences University, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A. The phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the tribe Received 23 March 1998 Papionini are inferred using a taxonomic congruence approach in Revision received which gene trees derived for eight unlinked genetic sequence datasets 20 January 1999 and are compared. Population genetics theory predicts that species accepted 10 April 1999 relationships will be revealed with greater probability when the topology of gene trees from many unlinked loci are found to be Keywords: Old World congruent. The theory underlying this approach is described. monkeys, Papionini, Monophyly of the mangabeys is not supported by any of the gene molecular phylogeny, trees; instead, they are polyphyletic with Cercocebus found to be the systematics, mangabeys, sister taxon to Mandrillus in five gene trees (with no conflicting Papio, Theropithecus, trees), and Lophocebus found to be closely related to Papio and/or Mandrillus, Lophocebus, Theropithecus in all trees. Theropithecus and Papio are not strongly Cercocebus, Macaca. supported as sister taxa (present in one or two trees only); Lophocebus and Papio are supported as sister taxa in the majority of trees. A close relationship between Mandrillus and Papio is not supported in any of the trees. The relationships among Papio, Lophocebus, and Theropithecus cannot be resolved by congruence, probably due to the short time interval estimated between their divergences. The mtDNA COII sequences are used to estimate divergence dates within the papionins. -
1 Old World Monkeys
2003. 5. 23 Dr. Toshio MOURI Old World monkey Although Old World monkey, as a word, corresponds to New World monkey, its taxonomic rank is much lower than that of the New World Monkey. Therefore, it is speculated that the last common ancestor of Old World monkeys is newer compared to that of New World monkeys. While New World monkey is the vernacular name for infraorder Platyrrhini, Old World Monkey is the vernacular name for superfamily Cercopithecoidea (family Cercopithecidae is limited to living species). As a side note, the taxon including Old World Monkey at the same taxonomic level as New World Monkey is infraorder Catarrhini. Catarrhini includes Hominoidea (humans and apes), as well as Cercopithecoidea. Cercopithecoidea comprises the families Victoriapithecidae and Cercopithecidae. Victoriapithecidae is fossil primates from the early to middle Miocene (15-20 Ma; Ma = megannum = 1 million years ago), with known genera Prohylobates and Victoriapithecus. The characteristic that defines the Old World Monkey (as synapomorphy – a derived character shared by two or more groups – defines a monophyletic taxon), is the bilophodonty of the molars, but the development of biphilophodonty in Victoriapithecidae is still imperfect, and crista obliqua is observed in many maxillary molars (as well as primary molars). (Benefit, 1999; Fleagle, 1999) Recently, there is an opinion that Prohylobates should be combined with Victoriapithecus. Living Old World Monkeys are all classified in the family Cercopithecidae. Cercopithecidae comprises the subfamilies Cercopithecinae and Colobinae. Cercopithecinae has a buccal pouch, and Colobinae has a complex, or sacculated, stomach. It is thought that the buccal pouch is an adaptation for quickly putting rare food like fruit into the mouth, and the complex stomach is an adaptation for eating leaves. -
'Utilization of Savanna-Based Resources By
Codron, D; Luyt, J; Lee-Thorp, J A; Sponheimer, M; de Ruiter, D J; Codron, J (2005). Utilization of savanna-based resources by Plio-Pleistocene baboons. South African Journal of Science, 101(5-6):245-248. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: South African Journal of Science 2005, 101(5-6):245-248. Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2005 Utilization of savanna-based resources by Plio-Pleistocene baboons Codron, D; Luyt, J; Lee-Thorp, J A; Sponheimer, M; de Ruiter, D J; Codron, J Codron, D; Luyt, J; Lee-Thorp, J A; Sponheimer, M; de Ruiter, D J; Codron, J (2005). Utilization of savanna-based resources by Plio-Pleistocene baboons. South African Journal of Science, 101(5-6):245-248. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: South African Journal of Science 2005, 101(5-6):245-248. Utilization of savanna-based resources by Plio-Pleistocene baboons Abstract We have determined the tooth enamel carbonate 13C values of five cercopithecoid taxa from the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of Swartkrans Members 1 and 2 and Sterkfontein Member 4. These data were used to determine the relative proportions of C3 and C4 biomass consumed by extinct baboons and contemporary non-human primates. We compared these results with data on modern Papio hamadryas ursinus from different savanna areas in South Africa, as well as with published isotopic data and dietary interpretations based on molar morphology of these taxa. -
Evolution and Function of the Hominin Forefoot
Evolution and function of the hominin forefoot Peter J. Fernándeza,b,1, Carrie S. Monglec, Louise Leakeyd,e, Daniel J. Proctorf, Caley M. Orrg,h, Biren A. Pateli,j, Sergio Almécijak,l,m, Matthew W. Tocherin,o, and William L. Jungersa,p aDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794; bDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53202; cInterdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794; dDepartment of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794; eTurkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794; fDepartment of Anthropology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54911; gDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; hDepartment of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204; iDepartment of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; jHuman and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; kDivision of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; lCenter for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052; mInstitut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; nDepartment of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; oHuman Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013; and pAssociation Vahatra, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar Edited by Bruce Latimer, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, and accepted by Editorial Board Member C. O. Lovejoy July 12, 2018 (received for review January 15, 2018) The primate foot functions as a grasping organ. -
Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Research Poster Session, Geological Society of America Meeting 2017, Seattle, Washington, Usa
The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Volume 89 Issue 2 Article 1 4-3-2018 SIGMA GAMMA EPSILON STUDENT RESEARCH POSTER SESSION, GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING 2017, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USA Paula Even University of Northern Iowa, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/compass Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Even, Paula (2018) "SIGMA GAMMA EPSILON STUDENT RESEARCH POSTER SESSION, GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING 2017, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USA," The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon: Vol. 89: Iss. 2, Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/compass/vol89/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SIGMA GAMMA EPSILON STUDENT RESEARCH POSTER SESSION, GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING 2017, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USA Paula Even Sigma Gamma Epsilon Dept. of Earth Science University of Northern Iowa Cedar Falls, IA 50614-0335 USA [email protected] ABSTRACT The Sigma Gamma Epsilon, an academic honor society for students of the Earth Sciences, is an important tradition at GSA annual meetings. Sigma Gamma Epsilon's goal in sponsoring this session is to provide a student-friendly forum for young researchers to present on undergraduate research; this session has seen increasing interest and participation over the years. The session is open to students (regardless of membership in Sigma Gamma Epsilon) and faculty co-authors working in any area of the geosciences. -
Evolution of the Human Pelvis
COMMENTARY THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 300:789–797 (2017) Evolution of the Human Pelvis 1 2 KAREN R. ROSENBERG * AND JEREMY M. DESILVA 1Department of Anthropology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 2Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire ABSTRACT No bone in the human postcranial skeleton differs more dramatically from its match in an ape skeleton than the pelvis. Humans have evolved a specialized pelvis, well-adapted for the rigors of bipedal locomotion. Pre- cisely how this happened has been the subject of great interest and con- tention in the paleoanthropological literature. In part, this is because of the fragility of the pelvis and its resulting rarity in the human fossil record. However, new discoveries from Miocene hominoids and Plio- Pleistocene hominins have reenergized debates about human pelvic evolu- tion and shed new light on the competing roles of bipedal locomotion and obstetrics in shaping pelvic anatomy. In this issue, 13 papers address the evolution of the human pelvis. Here, we summarize these new contribu- tions to our understanding of pelvic evolution, and share our own thoughts on the progress the field has made, and the questions that still remain. Anat Rec, 300:789–797, 2017. VC 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Key words: pelvic evolution; hominin; Australopithecus; bipedalism; obstetrics When Jeffrey Laitman contacted us about coediting a (2017, this issue) finds that humans, like other homi- special issue for the Anatomical Record on the evolution noids, have high sacral variability with a large percent- of the human pelvis, we were thrilled. The pelvis is hot age of individuals possessing the non-modal number of right now—thanks to new fossils (e.g., Morgan et al., sacral vertebrae. -
Nacholapithecus Kerioi
Anthropological Science Advance Publication Material Report New forelimb long bone specimens of Nacholapithecus kerioi from the Middle Miocene of northern Kenya Tomo Takano1*, Masato Nakatsukasa2, Marta Pina3, Yutaka Kunimatsu4, Yoshihiko Nakano5, Naoki Morimoto2, Naomichi Ogihara6**, Hidemi Ishida7 1Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Aichi 484-0081, Japan 2Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 3Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, c/ Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain 4Faculty of Business Administration, Ryukoku University, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan 5Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 6Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 7Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Received 9 May 2019; accepted 16 January 2020 Abstract This article reports eight new humeral, ulnar, and radial fragments of Nacholapithecus keri- oi collected from Nachola, Kenya during the 1998/1999 field seasons. The study refines the description of its forelimb bones, which was mostly based on a single partial skeleton. The most distinctive feature of the distal humerus is a large, globular, medially tilted capitulum. The groove between the capitulum and the zona conoidea is quite deep. The medial part of the humeral trochlea is also diagnostic in show- ing a less salient medial border. The medial epicondyle is moderately long and more posteriorly reflected than was previously presumed. The coronoid process of the ulna is quite wide. Its medial portion is dis- tinctly concave. The ulnar shaft is anteroposteriorly deep in its proximal half, slender, straight in frontal view, and weakly anteriorly bowing. -
This Is a Preprint of a Manuscript Submitted to Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Paleoenvironmental Changes In
Baumgartner and Peppe, in review, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1 This is a preprint of a manuscript submitted to Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, 2 Palaeoecology 3 4 5 Paleoenvironmental changes in the Hiwegi Formation (lower Miocene) of Rusinga Island, 6 Lake Victoria, Kenya 7 8 Aly Baumgartner*a and Daniel J. Peppea 9 a Terrestrial Paleoclimate Research Group, Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, 10 Waco, TX, USA 11 1 Baumgartner and Peppe, in review, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 12 Paleoenvironmental changes in the Hiwegi Formation (lower Miocene) of 13 Rusinga Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya 14 Aly Baumgartner*a and Daniel J. Peppea 15 a Terrestrial Paleoclimate Research Group, Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, 16 Waco, TX, USA 17 Correspondence: 18 Aly Baumgartner 19 [email protected] 20 21 Abstract 22 The Early Miocene of Rusinga Island (Lake Victoria, Kenya) is best known for its vertebrate 23 fossil assemblage—particularly of early hominoids and catarrhines—but the multiple 24 stratigraphic intervals with well-preserved fossil leaves have received much less attention. The 25 Hiwegi Formation has three fossil leaf-rich intervals: Kiahera Hill, R5, and R3. Here, we made 26 new fossil collections from Kiahera Hill and R3 and compared these floras to previous work 27 from R5 as well as modern African floras. The Kiahera Hill flora was most similar to a modern 28 tropical rainforest or tropical seasonal forest and was a warm and wet, closed forest. This was 29 followed by a relatively dry and open environment at R5, and R3, which was most similar to a 30 modern tropical seasonal forest, was a warm and wet spatially heterogenous forest.