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State of East Africa 2006

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State of East Africa 2006 T The State of East Africa Report 2006 is a contribution towards informing East he State of Africans about their region. It has three major objectives: Information: To present a wide range of facts and figures on Tanzania, Kenya, The State of Uganda and Rwanda in one reference document. East Insight: To highlight the trends, tensions and contradictions which emerge from an analysis of these facts and figures. Africa East Africa Imagination: To encourage a collective process of critical and creative thinking about how old and new forces could shape the future of the region. Report 2006: An understanding of why East Africa is poor, unequal and haunted by violent Report 2006 conflict is critical to creating a strong foundation for regional renewal. What opportunities and threats do we collectively face? How can we prepare for a prosperous and socially inclusive East African region? T rends The facts and figures presented in this Report highlight where our attention needs , to be focused and suggest that the quality and commitment of the intellectual, T ensions and Contr political, civic, entrepreneurial and spiritual leadership is crucial if the region is to Trends, Tensions achieve its full potential. and Contradictions: adictions: The Leadership Challenge Society for International Development T Head Office he Leadership Challenge SID, Via Panisperna 207 00184 Rome, Italy Tel: +39 06 487 2172 Fax: +39 06 487 2170 Regional Office for Eastern Africa P.O. Box 2404 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 273 7991 Fax: +254 20 279 7992 Email: [email protected] Web: www.sidint.org ISBN: 9966-7026-3-6 The State of East Africa Report 2006 Trends, Tensions and Contradictions: The Leadership Challenge The Society for International Development The Society for International Development (SID) is an international non–governmental network of individuals and organizations founded in 1957 to promote social justice and foster democratic participation. Through locally driven international programmes and activities, SID strengthens collective empowerment and facilitates dialogue and knowledge–sharing worldwide. In addressing issues from a multidisplinary perspective the society empasises systematic and long–term approaches with a central focus on institutional and social transformation. SID has 55 chapters, 50 institutional and 3,000 members in 125 countries. Its secretariat is located in Rome, Italy and it operates a Regional Office for Eastern Africa based in Nairobi, Kenya. Published by: Society for International Development Regional Office for Eastern Africa P O Box 2404 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Telephone: (+254 020) 2737991 or 2737992 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.sidint.org ISBN: 9966–7026–3–6 © Society for International Development (SID) 2006. Permission should be sought from SID before any part of this publication is reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any other means. Agreement will normally be given, provided that the source is acknowledged. This report is one of the products of the East African Scenarios Project undertaken by the Society for International Development with the financial support of the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Italy. The publication, however, remains the sole responsibility of the Society for International Development. Design and layout by: Total Design (T) Ltd, Email: [email protected] Printed by: Jamana Printers Ltd 2 Table of Contents 1 Acknowledgments . 6 2 Introduction . 7 3 Data Sources and Methodology . 14 Facts and Figures about East Africa 4 The People of East Africa . 15 4.1. Population Profile . 15 4.2 Population Density . 15 4.3 Rural - Urban Profile . 16 4.4 Key Points . 17 5 East Africa’s Natural Resource Base . 18 5.1 Land Use and Human Settlement . 18 5.1.1 Total Land Area . 18 5.1.2 Land Use . 18 5.2 Food and Agriculture . 19 5.2.1 Agricultural Land . 19 5.2.2 Intensity of Agricultural Inputs . 20 5.2.3 Per Capita Food Production . 22 5.2.4 Food Aid, Food Security and Nutrition . 23 5.2.5 Agricultural Trade (2002) . 24 5.3 Water Resources and Fisheries . 25 5.3.1 Actual Renewable Water Resources . 25 5.3.2 Annual Water Withdrawals . 25 5.3.3 Inland and Marine Fisheries Production . 26 5.3.4 Trade in Fish and Fisheries Products . 27 5.3.5 Number of Fishers . 27 5.3.6 Fish Protein as a Percentage of Animal Protein in Diet . 27 5.3.7 Lake Victoria - Shared and Endangered . 27 5.4 Biodiversity . 29 5.4.1 Protected Areas . 29 5.4.2 Known and Threatened Species of Mammals, Birds and Plants . 29 5.4.3 Net Legal Trade (Exports) in Selected Wildlife Products . 30 5.5 Key Points . 30 6 Poverty, Inequality and Human Development Profile . 31 6.1 Poverty and Inequality Profiles . 31 6.1.1 Poverty . 31 6.1.2 Inequality . 32 6.1.3 Human Development and Poverty Indices . 33 6.2 Health, Disease and Sanitation Status . 34 6.2.1 Maternal Reproductive Health Profile . 34 6.2.2 Child Mortality Rates . 35 6.2.3 Trends in Child Immunization . 35 6.2.4 Malnutrition in Children under Five . 36 6.2.5 Access to Improved Water Sources and Sanitation . 37 6.2.6 Life Expectancy at Birth . 38 6.2.7 Status of HIV/AIDS and Use of Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) 39 6.2.8 Tuberculosis Incidence in 2002 . 40 6.2.9 Reported Malaria Cases and Children under Treated Bed-nets . 40 3 STATE OF EAST AFRICA 2006 6.2.10 Physicians per 100,000 People . 41 6.2.11 Healthcare Expenditure . 42 6.3 Education Status . 43 6.3.1 Estimated Literacy Rates (2000-04) . 43 6.3.2 Gross Primary School Enrolment (2001) . 43 6.3.3 Primary School Student-Teacher Ratio . 44 6.3.4 Tertiary Education Enrolment . 45 6.4 Key Points . 45 7 Status of Infrastructure . 46 7.1 Road Network . 46 7.2 Railways and Pipelines . 47 7.3 Air and Sea Ports . 48 7.4 Energy Sources and Uses . 49 7.4.1 Electricity Capacity, Generation and Consumption . 49 7.4.2 Oil Consumption . 49 7.4.3 The Potential of Alternative Energy Sources . 50 7.5 Key Points . 50 8 East Africa’s Economic Profile . 51 8.1 Size, Structure and Performance of the Economy . 51 8.1.1 Trends in Total GDP . 51 8.1.2 Economic Structure . 52 8.1.3 Economic Performance . 53 8.1.4 Inflation Trends . 54 8.1.5 Exchange and Interest Rate Trends . 54 8.2 Public Finance Profile . 56 8.2.1 Tax Revenues . 56 8.2.2 Government Spending and Domestic Financing Capacity . 57 8.2.3 Foreign and Domestic Debt Profile (2003/4) . 58 8.3 Trends in Foreign Aid Disbursements . 59 8.4 Trends in Foreign Direct Investment . 60 8.5 Volume and Direction of Trade . 62 8.5.1 Overall Trade Trends . 62 8.5.2 Major Exports and Imports (2004) . ..
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